COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

TITLE:

AIR CAR

TECHNICAL FIELD:

Our invention comes under the research field of automotives and global warming. Our principle of invention focuses on conversion of pressure energy in to mechanical work done for a desired result.

BACKGROUD INFORMATION AND PRIOR ART:

Literature Review
For half a century the air-powered locomotive was a serious contender for the top spot
in transportation because of its obvious advantages: simplicity, safety, economy, and
cleanliness. Air engines were commercially available and used routinely, first as
metropolitan street transit and later for haulage in mines. The term "air engine"
disappeared from engineering textbooks after the 1930s and the Second World War.
Gas engines had been perfected, the oil industry was established, and gas was cheap.
Serious interest in air cars was rekindled by the energy glitches of the 1970s. Dozens
of inventors have patented designs for hybrid, closed cycle, and self-fueling air cars,
as well as conversions for existing engines and designs for air cars meant to stop at air
stations for refueling.

Here are the chronological historical proofs
International status:

The Pneumatic Railway, 1880s; Like modern electric subway trains, the power supply was provided continuously by a pipeline laid along the track. This concept was not practical at the time it was invented (1820s) because the materials were not available to make it work reliably. A modern version appeared in Brazil in the 1980s, invented by Oskar H. W. Coester, and developed by Aeromovel Global Corp.
The Mekarski Compressed Air Locomotive, 1886-1900; The Mekarski air engine was used for street transit. It was a single-stage engine (air expanded in one piston then exhausted) and represented an advance in air engine technology that made air cars feasible.
The Hardie Compressed Air Locomotive, 1892-1900; Robert Hardie's air engine was a going concern in street transit in New York City. The engine was a o;ic otage expansion engine using a more advanced type of reheating than the Mekarski engine. One of its new features was regenerative braking.

The Hoadley-Knight Compressed Air Locomotive, 1896-1900; The Hoadley-Knight system was the first air powered transit locomotive that incorporated a two-stage engine. It was beginning to be recognized that the longer you keep the air in the engine, the more time it has to absorb the heat that increases its range-between-fiil-ups.

The European Three-Stage Air Locomotive, 1912-1930; Hodges' patents were improved upon by European engineers who increased the number of expansion stages to three and used interheaters before all three stages.

The German Diesel-Pneumatic Hybrid Locomotive, 1930; Just before technical journals stopped reporting on compressed air locomotives, they carried stories on a 1200 horsepower full-size above-ground locomotive that had been developed in Germany.

Terry Miller, the Father of the Modern Air Car Movement, 1979; In 1979, Terry Miller set out to design a spring-powered car and determined that compressed air, being a spring that doesn't break or wear out, was the perfect energy-storing medium. From there he developed his Air Car One, which he built for $1500 and patented.
Guy Negre and MDI, 21st century; Currently a French inventor named Guy Negre is building an organization to market his air car designs in several countries.

C. J. Marquand's Air Car Engine, 21st century; Dr. Marquand has taken tlw Ixighly commendable step of incorporating heat pipes into his air engine design for the recovery of compression heat.

Tsu-Chin Tsao's Hybrid Air Engine for Cars, 21st century; su-Chin Tsao is a distinguished professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at UCLA. He has invented a. camless gasoline engine that does not idle; it uses compressed air to start the car, and when the air is gone the engine runs on gasoline.
National status:

• TATA in collaboration with MDI, a French based company began to develop air car and claimed to bring out in future

• A case study was done on "Development of Pneumatic prime movers for smaller vehicles" by Prof. P.M. V. Subarao, department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT, New Delhi.

• A demonstration of Air car was done by six mechanical students of Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology and Science, Jangaon, Warangal, A.P. India, under the guidance of Dr. Puli Ravi kumar, Asst. Professor, NIT, Warangal, A.P. India, on 16-07-2009, in the college premises.

Based on the availability of literature and supportive preliminary calculations, we modified the existing car engine system with necessary corrections and developed a compressed air fueled car. Although there are few patent holders in other countries with the. same title yet we proceed by the principles of modifications and developments we made in producing an air car. Using our principle we can modify any light motor vehicles in to an air car.
In a conventional car engine the chemical energy in converted into pressure energy which in turn converted in to mechanical work out put. So here petroleum products are used as mediators in producing the required pressure say 60 bar. Similarly in any alternative fuel system, one form of energy actuated to mechanical work done. We use compressed air technology in achieving the result. We compress the air to the required pressure using compressors or pressure amplifying systems and converting the resultant energy to mechanical work done. For that we have modified few components in the conventional car engine system. They are specified in further description.

OBJECT OF THE EWENTION:

> To promote development of compressed air technology

> To develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a pneumatic prime mover for a light vehicle having comparable efficiency, low cost and acceptable torque-speed characteristics.

> To develop option for implementing compressed air technology in existing conventional cars.

> To develop a proto-type Indian air car that helps in reduction in emissions and be echo-friendly.

STATEMENT OF INVENTION:

The technology of compressed air is not new. In fact, it has been around for years. Compressed air technology allows for engine that are both non-polluting and economical .After years of research and development, the compressed air engines are not expensive and do not have a limited driving range. Unlike conventional, electric, hydrogen powered vehicles, compressed air car, what we invented is affordable and has a performance rate that stands up to current standards. Introducing this zero emission car obviously benefits every on.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION:

Extensive research is in progress to eliminate all the problems of global warming and reduction in pollution. We, in stream research, have developed a car that purely run on compressed air at high pressures. For achieving this, we have designed and modified certain components as mentioned in the description. Since the engine of the Air car runs only on high pressure compressed air, the exhaust of which is undoubtedly only air, making it a zero emission engine. No heat is generated because there is no combustion of fuel, hence this engine needs no cooling system and it results in reduced cost, weight, and volume.

An experimental demonstration was carried out on conventional engines with necessary modifications to find out its performance characteristics like brake power, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, cost analysis etc.

This invention focuses its attention on working out the principle in practical application of light motor vehicles

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

Figure 1: Ideal process of an Air Car

Figure 2: Specifications of the modified engine

Figure 3: Shows Schematic representation of air car engine on test bed.

Figure 4: Shows the Air Car engine on which test analysis and modifications were made specifying the modification of inlet manifold

Figure 5.1: Shows the Front view of modified cam shaft of Air Car Engine using C ATI A programme designing

Figure 5.2: Shows the solid object view of modified car engine camshaft.

Figure: 6 Show the operation of modified camshaft.

Figure7.1: Shows the graphical representation of experimental analysis taking
pressure on Y-Axis and RPM on X-Axis

Figure7.2: Shows the graphical representation of experimental analysis taking
percentage of mechanical efficiency on Y-Axis and break power on X-Axis

Figure 8.1: Shows the analytical graph on break power versus Load

Figure 8.2: Shows the analytical graph on Indicated power versus Load

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

The Principle:

The air car runs on the principle of pressure - energy ratio. Here the air is compressed to high pressures, say 100 - 300 bar and impinge to act on the engine pistons. Thus the high pressure is converted in to mechanical output with the movement of the pistons which in turn results in working of the engine.

Air Engine Cycle

Air engine cycle is same as reciprocating steam engine cycle. It is shown in below figure 1.

Ideal processes:

1 —> 2 Isentropic expansion
2 -y 3 blow down
3 —> 4 constant pressure exhaust
4 —> 5 Isentropic compression
5 -> 6 blow in (sudden intake)
6 -> 1 constant pressure intakes
Inlet valve open at pt 5 and closes at pt 1. Expansion of air takes place from state 1 to state 2. At pt 2 exhaust valve open and blow down occurs. Pressure reduces to atmospheric pressure. Exhaust stroke takes place from state 3 to state 4. Exhaust valve closes at pt 4 and from state 4 to state 5 compression of residual air takes place.

The detail specifications of a four stroke, four cylinder vertical inline is shown in the figure 2. To make the engine to work with compressed air there are few modifications has been made. The engine inlet manifold was modified for the passage of the compressed air as shown in the figure 4 and then the engine was fixed on a test bed as shown in the figure 3 for the experimental analysis.

The camshaft is unquestionably the most complex component in the internal combustion engine. The camshaft's role in the engine is to control the valve timing, ensuring that the intake valves open at the proper time to feed air and fuel into the engine. The second part of this operation is to give the exhaust sufficient time to escape out of the combustion space before the whole process starts over again. It's the
size, shape, and placement of all those eccentric bumps on the camshaft that make it
all happen. In this line of development we first designed the camshaft with simple
modification of the present one. For that we measured the present camshaft of the car !
engine and got its mathematical parameters. In accordance with it we developed a
new camshaft by providing another lobe in the opposite direction of the present shaft
and parameter of the camshaft that is modified in accordance with the experimental
need as shown in the figure 5.1. The figure 5.2 shows the solid structure of the modified camshaft. The camshaft is place over the piston heads. The operation of the camshaft is described in the figure 6. The opening and closing of the valves is maintained consistently in a sequential order by the modified camshaft. This determines the flow of compressed air in to the engine, in turn helps in the functioning of the engine. The engine operates with two strokes namely suction/expansion stroke and exhaust stroke.
The inlet manifold is modified with necessary parameters of the pipes in order to
control the mass flow rate of the compressed air. . Here we reduced the size of the holes of inlet manifold, as to minimize the mass flow rate. We also arranged required pipe lines to specified nozzles. The flow of compressed air takes place through them, in to the engine cylinder. We modified the inlet manifold because it is where the suction of air takes place into the cylinder. Through this modified inlet manifold we pass highly compressed air of 100 - 300 bar of pressurized air in to the cylinder. As the air hits the pistons with high pressure the movement of the piston takes place which in turn operates the engine. As we increase the pressure of with holding tension capacity of the pipe is taken in to consideration for modification. For this purpose we used various sizes of pipes and examined the flow.
For storage purposes, air must be compressed and expanded with acceptable efficiencies: this imposes good mechanical design able to with stand high pressures.

As per the availability we chose CNG storage tank as an apt solution for our system.
After designing and modifying the necessary components of the engine, test calculations were recorded and represented in a graphical form as shown in the figures 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2.

Result:

From the observations and calculations, the performance of the engine is determined and is satisfactory. It is also observed that as the pressure is taken at high pressures and is kept at constant at outlet from the storage tank, we get a required RPM (revolutions per minute). The acceleration is controlled with the help of flow rate valves and the pressure is regulated through pressure regulators.

Applications

Compressed air technology is implemented in various field machine works like drilling; mining etc. the principle of our project can be applied for any light weight vehicles and for industry in campus transportation.

We claim,

1. The air car is developed from the conventional cars with modifications in the
internal/ external engine components. The heart of the modification is the designing of a camshaft with dual-lopes in opposite direction. The device is modified for the conversion of four stroke into two stroke

2. The component as claimed in the claim 2 comprises of two lopes in opposite direction is fastened to the shaft, through a screw from the center of the cams as shown in the figure 5.2. and is welded to the shaft.

3. The component of the claim 2is made of material EN 8, a subset of iron family.

4. The suction of the air is through the inlet manifold of the engine; hence we
claim this type of modification, where the inlet manifold is the source of passage for fueling the engine.

5. The pipe line of inlet manifold is fastened to the engine with the help of
flanges and is made up of mild steel material.

6. In line with the claim 5 the material used for the pipe manufacturing is of
stainless steel, is also been protected.