FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
1 TITLE OF THE INVENTION :
AMBIENT CURING SCRATCH RESISTANT AND FLEXIBLE COATINGS WITH MULTI-POLAR SOLVENT REPELLENCY
2 APPLICANT (S)
Name : ASIAN PAINTS LTD.
Nationality :
An Indian Company
Address : 6A, Shantinagar
Santacruz (E) Mumbai - 400 055
3 PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it
is to be performed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ready to use coating formulation comprising self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit and surfaces/ coats that is preferably ambient curing and omniphobic in repelling multi polar solvents (such as water and oil) while being mechanically durable (scratch resistant and flexible) thus providing for durable, scratch resistant and flexible coating exhibiting omniphobicity towards liquids of surface tensions ranging from 25 to 72 mN/m. The low surface energy based reactive polymeric resin in combination with chemically/ covalently anchored organic and/ or inorganic particles together with a curing agent favours said mechanically durable omniphobic surface. More particularly, the present invention relates to reactive fluoro containing clear coat of moisture curing fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin (FAEPS) together with surface treated organic and/ or inorganic materials that are selectively functionalized and are capable of anchorage via multiple routes with the polymeric resin involving selective functionalities through chemical/ covalent bonding to favour surfaces/ coats with different degrees of wettability by multi polar solvents without significantly altering the mechanical properties of the coating.
BACKGROUND ART
Self cleaning and easy cleaning coatings fall under two extreme cases: superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity [Kim, H.; Noh, K.; Choi, C.; Khamwannah, J.; Villwock, D.; Jin, S., Langmuir, 2011, 27, 101 91–1 01 96]. Surfaces repelling both water and oil are termed amphiphobic (“amphi” meaning “both” water and oils) or omniphobic (“omni” meaning “all”) [Ellinas, K.; Tserepi, A.; Gogolides, E., Langmuir 2011, 27, 3960–3969]. Coatings on exposure to outdoor environments are contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants and degraded by ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, it is required for such coatings to show physical properties such as self/easy cleaning, high durability to the elements and anti microbial properties. Polysiloxane coatings have the benefit of high durability and organic modifications with acrylics, polyesters or epoxy resins lead to a balance between film formation, economics, mechanical and chemical properties.
Bio inspired surfaces that display superhydrophobicity (lotus leaf, butterfly wing, bird feathers, water strider legs, gecko feet) have attracted attention of various researchers since the 1990’s to predict models that can result in manmade coatings.

Superhydrophobicity phenomenon is achieved by a combination of low surface energy and topographic microstructure like that of the lotus leaf [Wanga, X.; Dinga, B.; Yub, J.; Wang, M, Nano Today, 2011, 6, 510—530]. The lotus effect is the result of the dual roughness scale created by the 10-20 µm size domes on which nano sized wax papillae are present. In this context, major strides have been made in the development of superhydrophobic surfaces wherein there is a water rolling effect.
The repellency of a surface to liquids is a property that is characterized by the surface energy transitions that influence the solid-liquid interface. The wettability of the surface can be measured by the contact angle which depends on the surface chemistry and the surface texture. Alternatively, the wettability of a surface can be represented by the roll-off angle or contact angle hysteresis which is the difference between the advancing angle and the receding angle. It is the measure of the ease with which the droplet is removed from the surface. Surface wettability towards a liquid is characterized by the Young’s equation that was improved upon by Wenzel and Cassie Baxter. The Wenzel state assumes a two phase solid-liquid interface, wherein the drop of liquid completely covers the surface. The Cassie-Baxter state considers a three phase solid-air-liquid interface, in which air pockets are trapped between the drop and the rough surface. As surface roughness increases, the hydrophobicity (θ >90˚) of a hydrophobic surface increases (Figure 1). The Cassie Baxter state is responsible for superhydrophobic phenomenon (θ>150˚) and a small sliding angle (<10˚) displayed by surfaces with microstructures.
However, highly hydrophobic surfaces including the lotus leaf are generally wetted (contact angle of ~ 0˚) by liquids with low surface tension such as oils and hexadecane (27.6 mN/m) thereby making these surfaces prone to fouling by oil contaminants and organic pollutants that adhere to such surfaces causing them to lose their superhydrophobicity. According to the above models, it is difficult to create superoleophobic surfaces due to the lower surface tension of organic liquids and the fact that the Wenzel state is more energetically favored compared to the Cassie-Baxter state [Grigoryev, A.; Tokarev, I.T.; Kornev, K.G.; Luzinov, I.; Minko, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 12916-12919].
Recent research is increasingly focusing on the area of development of surfaces that show repellency towards oil. For flat surfaces, the chemical nature of the groups on the surface determines the surface wettability. One of the major motivations for researchers to look upon superoleophobicity is the desire to achieve easy cleaning properties and extend the performance of superhydrophobic surfaces. Surfaces that are wetted by oil and grease are

typically cleaned with environmentally unsafe solvents or detergents, and this may lead to imperfections in the surface. Potential applications for superoleophobic surfaces include crude oil transfer, machinery, fluid power systems, energy storage systems, biofouling resistant surfaces, sealing or anticrawling materials and others such as microfluidics, windshields, optical lens; touch screen displays and fabrics. Oleophobicity (θ > 90˚ with oil) is found underwater in nature on the skin of fish and sharks which can resist bio fouling. However, no natural surfaces that show superoleophobicity in solid-liquid-air interface have yet been reported in literature.
Reference is drawn to US8292404b2, US2011/0229667a1, US20120264884, US20120251706, US20060110537, EP2484726a1, US8348390, EP2449001a1, US20110303620 which are all directed to describe super repellent/ omniphobic/ superhydrophobic surfaces.
US20120264884A1 teaches methods for preparing amphiphobic block copolymers which can be used to prepare amphiphobic coatings on material surfaces, such as glass, printing paper or fabric. They can also be used to coat particles, e.g., silica nanoparticles, which are then used to coat material surfaces. The block copolymer comprises a fluorinated polymer block and an anchoring polymer block, wherein the anchoring polymer block is capable of undergoing inter-polymer crosslinking, and capable of covalently grafting with a substrate. The preparation of block copolymers of this prior art involves using specialized polymerization methods that is a disadvantage to the art in not providing for facile synthesis methods.
WO2013166128A1 teaches treatments for subterranean formation consisting of a treatment fluid comprising a base fluid and the hydrophobic/oleophobic proppant particle. The proppant particles are made hydropbhobic and oleophobic using various fluorinated monomers or polymers. The base fluid is selected from the group consisting of an oil-based fluid, an aqueous-based fluid, an aqueous-miscible fluid, a water-in-oil emulsion, and an oil-in-water emulsion and this prior art does not teach any chemical bonding of the particles with the base coat.
US8574704B2, WO2013106588A1 and WO2013115868A2 describe liquid infused porous surfaces giving non-wetting properties.
US8574704B2 teaches an article with a liquid-impregnated surface, the surface having a matrix of features thereupon, spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid there

between or there within, and preferable also a thin film thereupon. WO2013106588A1 describes a substrate comprising an anchoring layer and a lubricating layer comprising a lubricating liquid disposed over the anchoring layer, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer are held together by non-covalent attractive forces resulting in a slippery surface and does not include any chemical bonding.
US20130302595A1 teaches a method for creating a super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic surface by depositing an electrically charged silicon-containing material on the exposed surface of the substrate followed by depositing silicon-containing nanofibers onto the exposed surface of the substrate; and depositing a thin layer with a surface energy of less than 25 ergs/cm2 over the exposed surface of the substrate and the silicon-containing nanofibers. The CVD method is a specialized technique which cannot be replicated over large surface such as storage tanks and multi storey buildings.
WO2012170832A1 teaches a superhydrophobic coating composition containing a polyurethane; a fluoropolymer; a nanofiller; and an organic solvent and a method of forming a superhydrophobic coating on a surface by spray casting the composition onto a surface of a substrate to form a coating where the polyurethane can undergo crosslinking with moisture.
WO2012107406A1 teaches mechanical stable, transparent, superhydrophobic, and oleophobic surfaces made of hybrid raspberry-like particles linked to each other by bridges formed between adjacent particles thereby forming a network of particles, said raspberrylike particles comprising a core with a core surface, wherein on the core surface are located secondary particles having a secondary particle surface, said secondary particles having a second diameter of a smaller size than the first diameter.
WO2014003852A2 teaches an elastomeric coating to create durable hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, oleophobic and/or superoleophobic surfaces that can be nearly transparent which can be applied by dip, spray and painting processes. The coating comprises an elastomeric binder comprising one or more styrenic block copolymers, mixture of particles treated with alkyl, haloalkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups, solvents and a second component which consists of treated particles along with a fluorinated polyolefin and/or Fluoroethylene-Alkyl Vinyl Ether (FEVE) copolymer.

US20130178568A1 teaches a liquid repellent coating which include a polymer and a liquid repelling material, for example, poly(ethyl methacrylate) and a fluorinated silsesquioxane such as fluorodecyl POSS along with nanoparticles.
US20120251706A1 teaches a method of manufacturing an anti-fingerprint paint, comprising the steps of: blending fluorinated polymer with fluorocarbon solvents to form fluorocarbon polymer paint; blending nano-particles with the fluorocarbon solvents, then adding fluorine-couplant into the fluorocarbon solvents with the nano-particles therein, and further mixing up the above-mentioned solvents to get a nano-particle solvent with an outside surface of each of the nano-particles dressed up by a layer of fluorinated molecules; and blending the fluorocarbon polymer paint with the nano-particle solvents, and further mixing up the mixture of the fluorocarbon polymer paint and the nano-particle solvents under a room temperature for 12 to 24 hours to form the anti-fingerprint paint but is a disadvantage in involving the use of fluorinated solvents.
US20120296029A1 teaches multifunctional microsphere comprising at least one polymer chain having a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion is anchored to the surface of the multifunctional microsphere via grafting, crosslinking or a combination thereof, and the second portion comprises at least one fluorinated group and at least one reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with an adhesive selected from: a polyurethane adhesive; an isocyanate adhesive; an epoxy adhesive; a polyurethane glue; a thermo-setting glue; a thermo-plastic glue; an epoxy resin; a polyurethane; a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin; a urea-formaldehyde resin; a rubber cement; a silicone resin; and a polymer adhesive.
US8580027B1 describes a superoleophobic coating where fluoroalkylsilane-treated metal oxide particles and a fluoroelastomeric binder are dispersed in a fluorinated solvent and applied to a substrate via spray deposition but is a disadvantage in involving the use of fluorinated solvents.
US8292404B2 and US8534797B2 describes a process for preparing a flexible device while US8506051B2 describes a process to prepare an ink jet print head front face or nozzle plate having a superoleophobic surface by disposing a silicon layer on the substrate and using photolithography to create a textured pattern in the silicon layer on the substrate. Further, the textured surface is chemically modified using an oleophobic coating. This process is disadvantageous because it is challenging to replicate on a large scale and cannot be done

on large substrates since it uses specialized processes such as photolithography for creating the textured pattern.
US20130064990A1 describes coatings using dual scale nanoparticles for both super-hydrophobic and super-oleophobic properties. The method of treating surfaces includes the steps of pre-treating a substrate surface; assembling dual-scale nanoparticles onto the surface of the substrate; and treating the dual-scale nanoparticle coated surface with SiCl4 to cross-link the nanoparticles to each other and to the surface of the substrate creating a robust nano-structured topographic surface.
US20110240595A1 describes a method of producing a contact angle of at least 160° between one or more liquid drop and a substrate, using a plurality of nanofibers deposited on the substrate followed by a coating of one or more exogenous liquidphobic material.
US20130309519A1 teaches methods for uniform deposition of particles on curved surfaces such as fibres, polymers and coatings formed by the particles. Particles in the size range of 10-2000 nm are deposited onto a fibrous material, and the attachment of the particles to the surface is through electrostatic self-assembly or covalent bonding.
WO2013188958A1 describes a substrate having a surface comprising a pattern of microscale pillars topped with a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the surface has a contact angle for water of greater than 150°. A pattern containing micropillars will be difficult to fabricate on a large surface such as a multi storey building.
WO2013090939A1 teaches a composition for coating surfaces and objects giving rise to a hydrophobic coating comprising: an acrylic binder, nano-particles from about 8 nm to about 100 nm associated covalently or non-covalently with alkyl or fluoroalkyl groups, and a solvent, where the solvent comprises a VOC-exempt compound.
US20130230695 teaches a method of preparing a superhydrophobic and oleophobic article, comprising a substrate; where the microparticles or nanoparticles are deposited on a portion of the substrate's surface; followed by depositing the resin on the substrate's surface; curing the resin, wherein fixed microparticles or nanoparticles are adhered or mechanically fixed by the cured resin to the substrate, and wherein portions of the fixed microparticles extending from the cured resin comprise re-entrant structures. There is no specific type of resin mentioned and since the particles are not adhered via organic and

inorganic chemically bonding does not form a mechanically durable omniphobic coating and there is also no mention of multilayered application in this prior art.
WO2013058843A2 teaches a coating composition to impart fluid-resistance to textile articles comprising a blend of a fluorochemical and a particulate additive comprising a multimodal size distribution of inorganic nanoparticles. US20110229667A1 describes an article comprising a substrate and a plurality of nanowires formed on the substrate to form a hydrophobic surface coating exhibiting a contact angle with water droplet that is greater than about 140 degrees.
WO2012115986A1 teaches a mechanically durable coating composition for the application of superhydrophobic and/or oleophobic coating comprising a polyurethane dispersion and a mixture of particles.
Thus, there is a need for a mechanically durable, scratch resistant and flexible omniphobic coating which is simple to prepare and uses commonly available raw materials to be applied by conventional techniques over large surfaces such as storage tanks and multi storey buildings and which can cure under ambient conditions. Also it is a need of the day to have multiple reactions sites on the coating for multilayer application on the substrate to thus create an omniphobic surface.
Further methods for producing surfaces that are omniphobic are difficult to prepare on a large scale, involve complex procedure or are usually expensive and thus they are largely confined to the laboratory scale.
As apparent from the aforesaid, while an omniphobic surface that is repellent to both water and oil while being mechanically durable (scratch resistant and flexible) is most desired among coating specialists, even more desired is super repellency/ omniphobicity of certain degrees for self cleaning ability of said surfaces/ coats, and hence there is a need in the art to explore and engineer such tailor made surfaces in order to achieve different degrees of wettability for multi polar solvents without significantly impacting the mechanical properties of the coating. While on one hand there is a need to provide for such surfaces/ coats, on the other hand it is a challenge in the art to provide for a simplified process of manufacture of said surfaces/ coats and its application to surfaces that would be easily scalable to thus be

an industrially facile process without involving any complex procedures/ techniques and would also be cost-effective.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is thus the primary object of the present invention to provide for an ambient curing self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces obtained thereof having tailor made surface properties that would be repellent to both water and oil and hence “omniphobic” with different degrees of wettability for multi polar solvents without having significant impact on the mechanical properties of the coating.
It is another object of the present invention to create an omniphobic surface on a variety of substrates (2D and 3D), which substrates can be cementitious, metal, wood, plastic, ceramic, glass, fibrous and other organic or inorganic surfaces.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for a simplified, easily scalable and cost effective process for the manufacture of said polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit that would be industrially facile process without involving any complex procedures/ techniques.
It is yet another object of the present invention to accomplish hierarchical structures based topography of said surfaces/ coats having super repellent states that would maintain its super repellency even after being exposed to everyday wear and tear.
It is yet another object of the present invention to accomplish hierarchical structures based topography of said surfaces/ coats having super repellent states that is prepared by chemically attaching/ bonding/ anchoring the particles to the basecoat. The anchorage can be via multiple routes (physical and chemical) and single or multiple reactions may be involved to achieve a balance between hardness and flexibility of the coating. Bonding can occur via organic and inorganic chemical reactions. The organic chemical bonding provides toughness and the inorganic chemical bonding provides strength to the coating.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for said polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces obtained thereof with low surface energy that would provide

for low sliding angles with low surface tension liquids not limited to oil, hexadecane, glycerine, fatty acid, diiodomethane and the like to be not wetted by it.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for said polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces obtained thereof with tailor made surface properties having super repellency/ omniphobicity of certain degrees that is required for self cleaning ability of said surfaces/ coats to be simply indicated by measuring the small sliding angle corresponding to the omniphobic behavior of the surface.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide for said polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces obtained thereof with tailor made surface properties wherein by incorporating micro-patterns in the surface and modifying the pattern such as mono-texturing would lead to superhydrophobicity while micropatterning would yield a super repellent state.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide for said polymeric coating/ paint for use in self cleaning, easy cleaning, anti soiling, anti corrosion, anti microbial applications.
It is another object of the present invention to create an omniphobic surface coating that shows desired mechanical properties such as flexibility and scratch resistance and good chemical and solvent resistance.
It is another object of the present invention to provide for a high solid, low VOC omniphobic coating that would advantageously avoid the use of fluorinated solventsand would utilize low content of fluorinated polymers that would offer economic advantages of large scale production and can be applied through conventional means such as brush and spray application with little or no solvent consumption.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided a ready to use
coating formulation comprising:
a reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer base coat and a top coat involving a slurry of plurality of curing agent surface treated particles said curing agent

comprising of fluorosilane and amino silane reactive with said fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer, and wherein at least one functional group of the curing agent is chemically bonded to said particles providing a durable, scratch resistant and flexible coating exhibiting omniphobicity towards liquids of surface tensions ranging from 25 to 72 mN/m.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation comprising
a. said reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer in the range of 30 to 60% by
weight of the formulation
b. said curing agent in the range of 10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
c. said plurality of particles comprising micron sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by
weight of the formulation, nano sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the
formulation.
Preferably, said ready to use coating formulation comprises solvents in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the composition.
According to yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein said reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer base coat comprises
i. fluorinated monomers in the range of 1 to 20% by weight of the formulation;
ii. acrylic component in the range of 5 to 20 % by weight of the formulation containing 2 to 10 % of at least one or more reactive groups by weight of the formulation;
iii. epoxy component in the range of 10 to 20% by weight of the formulation; and
iv. at least one or more organosiloxanes in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein the polymer comprises fluorinated monomers preferably in the range of less than 10% by wt. of the formulation comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms preferably upto 6 fluroniated carbons selected from fluoro silanes, fluorosiloxanes, and esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl functional

group and more preferably selected from trifluoroethyl meth(acrylate), pentafluoropropyl meth(acrylate) with the most preferred being the silane or siloxane containing groups.
According to yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein the polymer comprises one or more reactive groups including acetoacetoxy, alkoxy silanes, isocyanate, hydroxyl, allyl, carbodiimide, aziridine, carboxyl, amino, acrylamide, hydrazine, alkene and esters of acrylic and or methacrylic acid can be used including vinyl monomers including styrene and vinyl esters of versatic acid, allylic monomers and multifunctional acrylic monomers capable of chemically bonding with at least one functionality of the curing agent.
Preferably, in said ready to use coating formulation the polymer comprises epoxy component which includes aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic as also included as a part of the acrylic via glycidyl functional monomers or epoxy resin/ epoxy diluents reacted with the acrylic or blended in the system.
Preferably also in said ready to use coating formulation the polymer comprises one or more organosiloxanes, including polymeric alkyl and/or aryl containing silanol and/or alkoxy functional oligomers or polymers and also includes silicones with cage like structures including polyoctahedral silsesquioxane and linear structures including polydimethyl siloxane.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein the curing agent is selected from the group of organosilanes (alkylsilanes, arylsilanes, perfluoroalkylsilanes, and alkylsilazanes), silicones and fluorinated compounds including amine functional silane, isocyanate functional silane, epoxy functional silane, mercaptan functional silane or reaction products of organic materials with silane functionality that are capable of reaction with said polymer.
Preferably, is said ready to use coating formulation said curing agent is preferably present in both the base coat and the particle slurry in the ratio of 10:90 to 90:10 with the most preferred range as 40:60 to 60:40 that enables chemical bonding between said polymer matrix and the particles and also preferably favourscoupling the particles both in intra and inter layers when said coating formulation is provided in multilayers.
More preferably, in said ready to use coating formulation said particles involve organic and or inorganic particles of size range from 1 nm to 200 microns having at least one size range

or preferably two size ranges, one set in the size range of about 200 nm – 200 microns and the other set being organic and or inorganic particles in the size range of about 1 nm to 200 nm.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein said particles have a variety of structures including spherical, disc like, conical, pyramidal, nodular, acicular, platy, blocky, fibrous particles and mixtures thereof preferably irregular structure and comprise at least one material selected from the group comprising carbonates, silicates, minerals, sulphates, metal oxides, silicas and metal powders including aluminum oxides, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silver, nickel, nickel oxide, iron oxide, and alloys, polystyrene particles, (meth)acrylate particles, PTFE particles, silica particles, polyolefin particles, polycarbonate particles, polysiloxane particles, polyester particles, polyamide particles, polyurethane particles, ethylenically unsaturated polymer particles, polyanhydride particles, biodegradable particles, particles of various organic or inorganic polymers, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires, or combinations thereof including calcium carbonate, steatite, marble powder that are preferably insoluble in organic solvents and water.
According to yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation wherein said particle slurry comprising single type of particles or a mixture of particles are adapted for application as the first layer followed by another layer of a single type or mixture of particles wherein said first layer preferably comprises particles in the size range 200 nm to 200 microns while the second layer preferably comprises particles in the size range 1 nm to 200 nm.
Preferably, in said ready to use coating formulation said solvent is selected from ether, an ester, a glycol ether, a ketone, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, water and mixtures thereof and also includes diluents of silicone oligomers with alkoxy, silanol, methylol or alkene functionality, fluorinated oligomers, epoxy diluents, versatic acid derivatives, multifunctional acrylates capable of chemically bonding with the curing agent.
Advantageously, said ready to use coating formulation have low surface energy of <40 mN/m and preferably <20 mN/m and most preferably <10 mN/m and is recoatable favouring application of a second coat to enhance film build-up to attain desired optical and mechanical properties.

More advantageously, said ready to use coating formulation which when applied on substrate can repel liquids, as measured using contact angle hysteresis that preferably are <20°, more preferably <10° and most preferably <5° for a deposited 0.02 mL liquid droplet wherein said liquid includes pure liquid or a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture of liquids or organic inorganic at ambient temperature and pressure including hexadecane, diiodomethane, water, oil, oligomeric polyols, liquids containing suspended solid particles (slurry) such that its surface tension is in the range 25 to 72 mN/m.
Advantageously, also said ready to use coating formulation retains the property of liquid repellency after wear and tear of at least 5 crockmeter cycles.
Advantageously also, said ready to use coating formulation retains liquid repellency after wear and tear of at least 1 kg load measured by scratch hardness tester.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation that is transparent, translucent or opaque coating when applied on a substrate.
According to yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation that is preferably ambient curing and includes ultraviolet, infra red, hot air curing.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said ready to use coating formulation comprising components including thickeners, biocides, wetting and dispersing agents, surfactants, defoamers, opacifying polymers, cosolvents, coalescents, plasticizers, pigments, special effect pigments, extenders, colorants, freeze thaw stabilizers, buffers, fire retardants, UV absorbers, organic fiber material, inorganic fiber materials, flow and levelling agents, adhesion promoters, catalysts.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of said ready to use coating formulation comprising the steps of
a. providing reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer;
b. providing said curing agent;
c. providing said plurality of surface treated particles; and obtaining said coating formulation
therefrom.

Preferably in said process
said step (a) involves providing reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer in the range of 30 to 60% by weight of the formulation;
said step (b) involves providing curing agent in the range of 10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
said step (c) involves providing plurality of particles comprising micron sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the formulation and nano sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the formulation followed by mixing with solvents in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation to obtain said coating formulation therefrom.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an omniphobic surface comprising said ready to use coating formulation.
According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said method of making an omniphobic surface comprising the steps of
a. providing a basecoat of reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer
on a substrate comprising
i. fluorinated monomers in the range of 1 to 20% by weight of the formulation;
ii. acrylic component in the range of 5 to 20 % by weight of the formulation containing 2 to 10 % of at least one or more reactive groups by weight of the formulation;
iii. epoxy component in the range of 10 to 20% by weight of the formulation; and
iv. at least one or more organosiloxanes in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation.
b. applying said curing agent on the basecoat;
c. providing a particulate mixture comprising of curing agent surface treated particles
together with diluents followed by curing agent such that the curing agent is in the range of
10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
d. applying either single layer or multiple layer of particles on the basecoat such that there
is a uniform deposition of the particle slurry on the surface of the basecoat,

e. obtaining said coating composition of thickness of about 1 to 250 microns through application by brush, spray and roller including dipping, padding, doctor blading, wiping, spin coating preferably including wet-on- wet spray application when the particle slurry is applied over the basecoat.
Preferably, in said method of making an omniphobic surface said substrate includes metal, masonry, concrete, cementitious, plaster, baked clay tiles, cellulosic, wood, one or more polymer, dry or damp surfaces, brick, tile, stone, grout, mortar, composite materials, gypsum board, textiles, fibres, porous and non porous surfaces, interior surfaces or surfaces exposed to weathering on at least one surface of the substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As discussed herein before the present invention provides for self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces obtained thereof that is preferably ambient curing and repellent to multi polar solvents (such as water and oil) and hence “omniphobic” while being mechanically durable (scratch resistant and flexible) thus providing for durable, scratch resistant and flexible coating exhibiting omniphobicity towards liquids of surface tensions ranging from 25 to 72 mN/m. The low surface energy polymeric coating in combination with chemically/covalently anchored functionalized organic and/ or inorganic particles together with the curing agent favours said mechanically omniphobic surface. Said polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit of the present invention and surfaces obtained thereof comprises fluoro containing polymeric coating (moisture curing fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin, FAEPS) with surface treated inorganic materials adapted for dual anchoring to the polymeric surface through chemical/covalent bonding thus providing for a surface/ coat with different degrees of wettability by multi polar solvents without having any significant impact on the mechanical properties of the coating.
It is thus a selective finding of the present invention that only when the polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit of the present invention comprises a selective combination of fluoro containing clear coat of moisture curing reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin (FAEPS) together with surface treated selectively functionalized organic and/or inorganic materials together with curing agent, the same could effectively provide for durable, scratch resistant and flexible coating exhibiting omniphobicity towards liquids of surface tensions ranging from 25 to 72 mN/m. Tailor made surface properties with micropatterns in the

surface/ coat with super repellency/ omniphobicity of certain degrees could be provided that is essential for self cleaning ability of said surfaces/ coats that is simply indicated by measurement of the small sliding angle corresponding to the omniphobic behavior of the surface, without significantly altering the mechanical properties of the coating.
The surface properties of the surfaces/ coats obtained thereof could be tailor made wherein by using the selective combination of the particle resin combination; micro-patterns in the surface could be incorporated whereby modifying the pattern with mono-texturing lead to superhydrophobicity and micropatterning lead to super repellent state. Advantageously, said coatings also possess excellent flexibility, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, antimicrobial, easy cleaning and self cleaning properties.
Importantly, it was thus found that above discussed tailor made surface properties of the surfaces/ coats attained of the polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit of the present invention could only be achieved due to the dual physical and chemical anchorage of surface treated selectively functionalized commonly used particles, pigments and extenders with reduced surface energy and selective functionality based polymeric clear coat/ basecoat to thus generate a differentiated micro and nano scale roughness to thereby result in textured and micro-patterned surfaces showing flexibility and scratch resistance while displaying omniphobicity. The selective functionality based reactive (FAEPS fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane) resin with its moisture curing siloxane and epoxy functionality and with selective amount of fluorine content makes the system mechanically robust such that even texturing does not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the surface. Said selective anchorage of the treated functionalized particles with the selective functionality and fluorine content based FAEPS resin is to prevent the microstructure from disintegrating wherein the combined balance of hardness and toughness is achieved via dual anchorage (via curing of the amine groups on the particle with the epoxy functionality of the clear coat and moisture curing of the silane groups on the particle with the alkoxy siloxane groups of the basecoat) of the treated particles with the base coat (FAEPS).
Preferably, said surfaces/ coats obtained of selective polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit of the present invention comprises of hierarchical structures with differentiated micro and nano scale roughness in the said surface/ coat having micropatterns in the layers adapted super repellent state/ omniphobicity of certain degrees that is essential for self cleaning ability of said coats/ surfaces wherein such said hierarchical structures in said

surfaces/ coats are advantageously maintained even after being exposed to everyday wear and tear due to dual anchorage of the particles on said clear coat and base coat of the resin.
Importantly, thus the ambient curing self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit of the present invention provides for said surfaces/ coats with different degrees of wettability for multi polar solvents without significantly altering the mechanical properties of the coating, and also provides for simplified processes for manufacturing said omniphobic surfaces/ coats that are scalable in the complete absence of any sophisticated instrumentations and techniques.
In one aspect of the present invention the polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit comprises
(a) selective functionality based reactive (FAEPS) fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin involving moisture curing siloxane and epoxy functionality and selective fluorine content adapted for a clear polymeric coat together with curing agent comprising of fluorosilane and amino silane reactive with said fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer;
(b) sol mixture comprising sol-gel surface treated organic and/ or inorganic particles with a functional silane together with fluorosilane (FS) and aminosilane (AS) adapted for dual anchorage on said clear coat of the resin, favouring an omniphobic surface/ coat with micropatterns in its layers.
In another preferred aspect of the present invention said component (a) of the polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit was obtained as a free flowing liquid for application on mild steel and tin panels by blending different contents of the fluorosilane (FS) with the acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resins that was subsequently cured with amino functional silane (AS) in the presence of DBTDL (dibutyltin dilaurate) as the catalyst wherein less than the stoichiometric requirement of said aminosilane (AS) was used to obtain a clear coating of said selective resin.
In yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said component (b) of the
polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit of the present invention is obtained as a sol mixture of fluorosilane (FS) and aminosilane (AS) together with sol-gel based surface treated inorganic and/ or organic particles with functional silane in the presence of a

catalyst wherein said aminosilane (AS) comprises remainder of the stoichiometric requirement of the aminosilane (AS) required for the clear coat of the resin.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of application of the ambient curing self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit comprising the steps of
(a) applying the selective functionality based (FAEPS) resin such as to obtain a tacky coating of said resin on a surface;
(b) applying said sol mixture preferably by spraying on said tacky (FAEPS) resin based coating for physical and chemical anchorage of said surface treated and functionalized particles with said clear polymeric coat.
In yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of application of the ambient curing self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint composition/ kit wherein said step (b) comprises spraying or brush applying a first layer of micro organic and/ or inorganic particles followed by spraying a second layer of nano organic and/ or inorganic particles to favour a multilayer hierarchical structures of the surface/ coat having differentiated micro and nano scale roughness that is adapted for super repellent state/ omniphobic state of certain degrees to favour self cleaning ability of said coats/ surfaces, which said hierarchical structures in said surfaces/ coats are advantageously maintained even after being exposed to everyday wear and tear.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of preparing an omniphobic self cleaning, textured and micro-patterned surface/ coat comprising the steps of
(a) applying preferably by spraying selectively surface treated functionalized microparticles
on the clear coat of the selective resin;
(b) applying preferably by spraying a second layer of selectively surface treated
functionalized nanoparticles;
wherein said surface treated selectively functionalized particles involving selective functional groups are adapted for dual anchorage with the clear coat as well as the base coat of the resin having selective functional groups to favour dual anchorage, and wherein said dual anchorage favours stabilization of the micro-patterned surface/ coat from disintegrating.

The present invention is discussed hereunder in greater details in relation to the non-limiting exemplary illustrations, Tables and Figures covered thereunder and in no way should be construed to limit the scope of the present invention:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Contact angle on flat and textured surfaces showing Young’s, Wenzel and Cassie Baxter states;
Figure 2: TEM images of untreated (left) and treated (right) titanium dioxide particles with an envelope of ~25 nm thickness;
Figure 3: (a) Contact angles of the three probing liquids, water, diiodomethane and hexadecane (b) Total surface energy of the clear polymer coats with polar & dispersive components on smooth panels;
Figure 4: SIMS-ToF images showing the fluorine ion distribution for the cross section of the cured smooth polymeric (acrylic epoxy siloxane with fluorosilane) films (a) 4% FS (b) 8% FS and (c) 15% FS. Scale bar = 100 microns;
Figure 5: Stereo microscopic images of 3D textured solids indicating surface topography (a) un-treated (b) nano silica (c) hollow spheres (d) PE fibre (e) zeolex 325;
Figure 6: Stereo microscopic images showing the surface topography in 2D surfaces on tin panels Monotextured (a) zeolex (b)TiO2; Dual-layered (c) K15 glass hollow spheres + Marble powder (d) K15 glass hollow spheres + TiO2 (e) K15 glass hollow spheres + nano silica;
Figure 7: SEM images showing a) smooth (b) monotextured glass hollow spheres (GHS) (c) marble powder (d) steatite (e) nano-silica (NS) agglomerates (f) GHS-NS (g) marble powder-NS (h) steatite –NS (i) EDX for marble powder-NS (j) EDX for steatite-NS;
Figure 8: Photographs displaying the fluorescence marker of finger print after washing with water on (a) smooth (b) mono textured (c) micro-patterned tin panels;

Figure 9: illustrates ease of stain removal from the clear coating;
Figure 10: illustrates the dirt pickup on the clear coatings as a function of fluorosilane content followed by exposure to the outdoors for a period of 21 days (left) and after water washing (right);
Figure 11: illustrates clear coatings (left) resistance to adhesion of microorganisms in algal chamber (right) as a function of fluorosilane content. Example 1: Materials
Industrial grade acrylic monomers were used. Silicones used were Z6018 from Dow Corning (silanol functional oligomeric Silsesquioxane with a close resemblance to POSS crystalline cage structure) and Silres SY231 from Wacker Silicones (liquid methyl phenyl oligomeric methoxy functional polysiloxane). Two silanes, Dynasylan F8261 (tridecaflurooctyl triethoxysilane) and Dynasylan AMEO (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane) were procured from Evonik, Degussa. Dibutyl tin dilaureate (DBTL) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Triethylamine, hexadecane and diiodomethane were obtained from Merck. Industrial grade butyl acetate, isopropanol, castor oil and dehydrated castor oil fatty acid were used. All the raw materials were used as received. Industrial grade pigments and extenders were used after sol-gel treatment with a combination of two silanes (flouro and amine functional silanes) (FS and AS) to provide dual anchorage on the clear coat. Titanium dioxide R902 plus from DuPont, 3M hollow spheres K15 and S22, zeolex 325 (magnesium alumina silicate), steatite, dolomite, barites, silica, calcium carbonate, marble powder (10 micron), PE fibers ESS50F (0.1 mm average fiber length with a diameter of 5 µm) from Mini Fibres and Cabosil M5 nanosilica (200 nm – 300 nm aggregates with a primary particle size of 14 nm in diameter) from Cabot India. Fluorescent pigment IX AS Magenta was used for the anti-fingerprint testing.
Example 2: Resin synthesis
An epoxy functional acrylic resin was synthesized by conventional free radical
polymerization, reacted with hydroxyl functional silicone resin (POSS with a cage like
structure) using condensation polymerization and blended with a methoxy functional methyl
phenyl oligomeric polysiloxane leading to the formation of a class II hybrid. The resin has a
solid content of 80% in butyl acetate and a viscosity of 525 cp.
Different contents (0 to 20%) of the fluorosilane (FS) were blended with the acrylic epoxy
polysiloxane resins. Amino functional silane (AS) was used as the curing agent with DBTDL

as the catalyst. The resulting coating composition was a free flowing liquid that could be applied as such on mild steel and tin panels of dimensions 6 x 4 square inches by brush application to form uniform films of about 80±5µm DFT. The surface dry time of the coating is ~3 to 4 hours at 25˚C and 50% relative humidity.
Example 3: Functionalization of particles
The particles (organic and inorganic) were treated with tridecaflurooctyl triethoxysilane at 25 °C for 6 hours by a sol-gel process using isopropanol as the solvent and triethylamine as the catalyst (TEM image as per Figure 2). Figure 2 shows the TEM images of a pigment before and after functionalization. The image is shown for the dried titanium dioxide particles after sol-gel treatment. It is quite evident from the images that an envelope of about ~25 nm is observed on the pigment surface post functionalization. The resulting sol mixture consisting of treated particles along with the fluorosilane and aminosilane was used for spraying on uncoated textured solids (aerated cement blocks) and flat tin panels coated with the fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin (FAEPS).
Example 4: Application methods
Spray application of the mixture of particles and silanes was carried out using a spray gun with a nozzle tip size of 1.4 mm connected to an air compressor of pressure ~ 3 bars at a distance of 30 to 40 cm from the substrate. In an attempt to prepare an omniphobic surface, an aerated cement block (ACB) of 3.5 x 2.5 x 1 cube inches was taken as the substrate with pores up to 2 mm in diameter (average pore size < 1mm diameter). Various mixtures of silanes (fluorosilane and aminosilane) along with commonly used pigments and extenders of different shapes and sizes were sprayed on the ACB after sol-gel treatment. The surface properties of the treated ACB’s were measured after 7 days of ambient curing. In addition to the 3D textured solid (aerated cement blocks) the particle-silane sol mixture was sprayed on the tacky coating of FAEPS cured with aminosilane applied on flat 2D tin panels (sprayed after 2 hours of brush application of an 80 µm clear coating on tin panels) so that physical and chemical anchorage of the particles can take place with the polymeric coating. Less than stoichiometric requirement of aminosilane was used for the clear coating and the remainder was used with the particle-silane sol mixture.
Example 5: Instrumental methods
Contact angle measurements were carried out using a Digidrop Contact Angle Meter of GBX
Surface Science Technologies. The contact angle values were measured using the static

sessile drop method after a time period of 10 seconds. Water (72 mN/m), diiodomethane (50.8 mN/m) and hexadecane (27 mN/m) were used as the probe liquids. The drop sizes were 10 µL for water, 7 µL for diiodomethane and 20 µL for hexadecane. The measurements were taken on 3, 7, 14 and 30 days. An average of 3 readings taken at different parts of the coating is reported. The surface energy and the polar and dispersive contributions were determined by the Owens-Wendt analysis. The surface of the coating was studied with a Leica MZ125 stereo microscope with a magnification of 2.5. SEM-EDX images were obtained using FEI QUANTA 200 ESEM with EDAX EDS system to investigate the surface morphology and detect the composition of the elements. SIMS-TOF (400 x 400 microns) image was mapped in negative mode using PHI TRIFT V nanoTOF instrument. The fluorine ion concentration was mapped across the cross section of the clear coating. TEM was carried out on TECNAI 20 PHILLIPS at an operating voltage of 200 kV.
Example 6: Surface properties for Smooth panels (2D surfaces):
Figure 3a shows the contact angles for the three probing liquids as a function of the fluorosilane content. Figure 3b shows the changes in the total surface energy along with the polar and dispersive components with increasing fluorosilane content. It was found that the contact angle difference with time corresponded to about ± 10º in day 3 and day 7 after which it stabilized.
Example 7: Surface properties of textured solids:
The results of the contact angles for water, diiodomethane and hexadecane for aerated cement blocks after spray application of only silane sol (FS-AS sol) and a mixture of silanes along with commonly used pigments and extenders on treated aerated cement blocks are tabulated in Table 1 hereunder. The contact angle data obtained for commonly used pigments and extenders of different shapes and sizes are also included. In the table when the liquid drop rolls off the surface indicating the contact angle hysteresis is nearly zero, it is referred to as rolling ball effect (RBE) which implies perfectly super-repellent state.

Table 1. Contact angles for water, diiodomethane and hexadecane for aerated cement blocks after spray application of only silane sol (FS-AS sol) and a mixture of silanes along with commonly used pigments and extenders

Contact
Angle
Diiodo- Particle
Material

Hexa- size Shape
Water methane decane (micron)
FS-AS sol RBE 115 116 NA NA
TiO2 RBE 122 111 0 Nodular
Hollow Glass (S22) RBE 131 <5 35 Spheres
Steatite RBE 121 78 10 Platy
Cabosil M5 Fumed silica
(nanosilica, CM5) RBE 116 <5 0.02 (nodular)
Silica RBE 121 119 10 Nodular
Barytes RBE 125 112 10
0.1 mm Nodular
Poly Ethylene (PE) RBE 122 114 length Fibrous
CaCO3 RBE RBE 120 20 Nodular
Marble powder RBE RBE 115 10 Blocky and
Hollow glass (K 15) RBE RBE 110 60 nodular Spheres
Zeolex (Z325) RBE RBE RBE 6 Acicular
Example 8: Surface properties of Micro-patterned surfaces:
To mimic the 3D textured solid (aerate cement block) on a 2D flat tin panel, wet on wet sprays were carried out on the functional acrylic polysiloxane base coat (FAEPS) resulting in dual anchorage /graft of the particles leading to a

differentiated (micro and nano) scale roughness. The results of the studies are tabulated in Table 2.
Table 2. Contact angles for water, diiodomethane and hexadecane and surface energy for monotextured and microtextured tin panels after spray application with a mixture of silane on functional acrylic polysiloxane basecoat.

Material Water (θ) Diiodo-
methane
(θ) Hexa γ
Polar decane(θ) (mN/m) Dispersive
Mono textured
K15 136 115 96 5.4 0 5.4
Steatite 134 113 95 5.5 0 5.5
Marble powder 104 87 66 15.8 2.1 13.7
CM 5 RBE RBE 107 - - -
Micro-patterned(micro+
micro) K15+TiO2 105 87 66 15.8 1.8 14.1
K15+Marble powder 109 85 69 15 1 13.9
K15+S22 113 86 65 14.6 0.4 14.2
K15+Silica 120 94 67 12.9 0 12.9
K15+ Barytes 110 83 66 15.3 0.7 14.6
K 15 + CaCO3 106 87 71 14.9 1.7 13.2
K15+ PE 107 83 65 16.3 1.2 15.1
K15+ Z325 RBE 111 90 - - -
Micro-patterned(micro+ - - -
nano)
Marble powder+CM 5 RBE RBE RBE
K15+CM 5 RBE RBE RBE - - -
Steatite+CM 5 RBE RBE RBE - - -

Example 9: Smooth panels:
The cage structure of the silanol functional oligomeric Silsesquioxane along with the methyl phenyl polysiloxane in the backbone by itself is found to show only hydrophobic behavior which get enhanced by the addition of fluorosilane (Figure 3a). The increasing contact angles of diiodomethane and hexadecane indicates a reduction in oleophilic character by increasing the amount of fluorosilane up to 10% in the system. A further increase in fluorosilane content up to 20% did not lead to an increase in equilibrium contact angles as shown from the surface energy measurements that attains a plateau of 19mN/m at 10% which is due to the stratification of the fluorosilane in the coating as is observed in the SIMS-ToF. The distribution of fluorine ion concentration across the cross section indicates that with 4% fluorine content the distribution of fluorine is uniform across the cross section (Figure 4). As the fluorine content increases, stratification of the fluorine begins to occur and the critical angle of hexadecane (θhd) approaches 60º with the 10% fluorosilane content. The clear coating was found to have a low polar component, further made negligible by the addition of fluorosilane. The contribution of the fluorinated molecule in lowering the dispersive component is significant i.e. from 33.2 to 18mN/m and it is due to the long perfluorinated chain in the resin which leads to the sliding of low surface tension liquids such as hexadecane which in addition to the selectively surface treated and functionalized particles favouring dual anchorage were surprisingly found to lead to omniphobicity and self cleaning ability of the micro-patterned surface/ coat thus attained while maintaining the integrity of the said surface/ coat thus preventing disintegration of the same.
Example 9A: Comparative Table 3A

S.No Raw Materials pbw
1 Acrylic resin with reactive group 13.29
2 Epoxy resin 18.83
3 Silicone oligomers (mixture of silanol functional and alkoxy functional) 26.95
4 Fluorosilane 12.92
5 Solvent 14.77
6 Dibutyl tin dilaureate 0.86
7 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 12.38

100
All the ingredients mentioned in Table 3A above are mixed together and applied on a tin panel followed by curing under ambient conditions. The result is a coating which does not exhibit RBE with hexadecane, diiodomethane and water.
Comparative Table 3B

S.No Raw Materials pbw
1 Acrylic resin with reactive group 10.22
2 Epoxy resin 14.48
3 Silicone oligomers (mixture of silanol functional and alkoxy functional) 20.72
4 Fluorosilane 9.94
5 Solvent 1 11.35
6 Dibutyl tin dilaureate 0.66
7 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 9.52
8 Steatite 2.84
9 Solvent 2 19.87
10 Triethyl amine 0.4
100
The ingredients 1 to 7 mentioned in the Table 3B above are mixed together and applied on a tin panel followed by spray application of the ingredients 8 to 10 followed by curing under ambient conditions. The ingredients 4 and 7 are evenly split between the basecoat and the topcoat but even then RBE was not observed for water, hexadecane and diiodomethane.
Comparative Table 3C

S.No Raw Materials pbw
1 Acrylic resin with reactive group 8.3
2 Epoxy resin 11.76
3 Silicone oligomers (mixture of silanol functional and alkoxy functional) 16.83
4 Fluorosilane 8.07
5 Solvent 1 9.22
6 Dibutyl tin dilaureate 0.54

7 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 7.73
8 Steatite 2.31
9 Cabosil M5 2.31
10 Solvent 2 32.28
11 Triethyl amine 0.65
100
The ingredients 1 to 7 mentioned in Table 3C above are mixed together and applied on a tin panel followed by spray application of the ingredients 8, 10 and 11, followed by spray application of ingredients 9, 10 and 11 followed by curing under ambient conditions. The ingredients 4 and 7 are evenly split between the basecoat and the two topcoats. The results for solvent repellency are given in Table 2 for steatite and cabosil M5 (CM5). RBE was observed for all the liquids i.e. water, hexadecane and diiodomethane.
Comparative Table 3D

S.No Raw Materials pbw
1 Acrylic resin with reactive group 25
2 Epoxy resin 23
3 Silicone oligomers (mixture of silanol functional and alkoxy functional) 5
4 Fluorosilane 0
5 Solvent 1 5
6 Dibutyl tin dilaureate 0.54
7 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 18.42
8 Steatite 2.31
9 Cabosil M5 2.31
10 Solvent 2 17.77
11 Triethyl amine 0.65
100

Comparative Table 3E

S.No Raw Materials pbw
1 Acrylic resin with reactive group 4
2 Epoxy resin 8
3 Silicone oligomers (mixture of silanol functional and alkoxy functional) 45
4 Fluorosilane 0
5 Solvent 1 5
6 Dibutyl tin dilaureate 0.54
7 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane 4.606
8 Steatite 2.31
9 Cabosil M5 2.31
10 Solvent 2 27.58
11 Triethyl amine 0.65
100
For the above comparative examples 3D and 3E, it is clearly evident that even when both steatite and Cabosil M5 is present the films involving wt % of the components out of the selective range fails to exhibit the desired RBE whereby RBE is only observed with water and not with hexadecane and diidomethane. The films were also found to be brittle with poor scratch hardness and fail the flexibility test on the concial mandrel.
Example 10: 3-D textured solids
Spraying of the sol (resulting from a mixture of fluorosilane and aminosilane) yields high contact angles as they provide the necessary pressure in the air gaps combined with low surface energy of the coating to prevent the liquids from pinning (Table 1). It may be observed that RBE was obtained with water on all the treated ACB. However, this reduction in surface energy is not sufficient to observe the same effect in organic liquids with low surface tension presenting the challenge to create a super repellent surface. The Wenzel state was observed for both of the tested organic liquid probes for most of the treated ACB. RBE for diiodomethane was observed for solids treated with spherical shapes. It was also

found that polyethylene fiber or the platy structure of steatite did not lead to the super repellent state (Table 1). The treated particles occupy the crevices thereby changing the surface profile (Figure 5). The best surface for super repellency was found to be provided with zeolex 325 where RBE was observed for all the 3 probing liquids. This was possibly due to the high surface area of zeolex (oil absorption value ~100) which results into a meta-stable Cassie Baxter state. Thus, the selective finding of the present invention is that the omniphobic behavior could only be achieved by way of attaining a right surface topography by utilizing most of the commonly used organic and/ or inorganic particles together with select range of polymeric components and not only zeolex by selectively functionalizing the same adapted for dual covalent anchorage with a selective functionality based resin for the creation of a repellent surface/ coat with omniphobicity of certain degrees for its self cleaning ability and without having any impact on the disintegration/ mechanical properties of the coating.
Example 11: Micropatterning of 2-D surfaces
The quest for recreating such a 3-D surface on a 2-D panel was challenging with respect to the right thickness of the coating and the structuring required to create the right amount of air gaps without destroying the mechanical integrity of the coating. The surface energy of the treated panels reduced considerably compared to the smooth panels with the lowest being 5.4 mN/m (Table 2).
Most panels display the Wenzel state for water, and certain panels show the Cassie-Baxter state which are resulting in a surface similar to the lotus leaf for spherical shaped particles (Figure 6). This is in contrast to the above textured solids (treated ACBs) where the RBE for water was observed in all cases. This is an indication of insufficient pressure from air pockets on most of the treated tin panels which could be due to the depth of the structure as is observed from SEM images (Figures 7 b, c & d).
The RBE was not observed on any of the panels when subject to drops of diiodomethane and hexadecane. Only for Cabosil M5 (nano silica), RBE for diiodomethane was observed on tin panels indicating a superior morphology than the others. The nano particles agglomerate in different sizes to create a pseudo-hierarchical structure as observed from the SEM image of Figure 7e. The Wenzel state for hexadecane was observed in only certain cases, which depends on the roughness pattern created by the shape/size of the particles. Surprisingly, it was found by way of the present invention that a single sprayed layer of particles on the selective resin does not lead simply to the desired omniphobicity of the surface/ coat but only a plurality of sprays comprising of particles with dual covalent anchorage with the clear

base coat of the resin with exact micro-patterning is desired to achieve the omniphobicity and self cleaning ability.
While the dual layer of the sprayed particles covalently anchored to the selective resin was absolutely required to achieve the required omniphobicty and self cleaning ability, such requirement was only fulfilled by exact micro-patterning of the surface leading to the desired omniphobicty and the self cleaning ability. The correct micro-patterning of particles on the resin surface comprising of micro and nano particles as illustrated in Table 2 hereunder lead to the attainment of surfaces/ coats preferably with all commonly used particles and pigments that are selectively surface treated and functionalized for covalent dual anchorage with selective functionality based resin. From the tabulations under Table 2 it is clear that the twin layer comprising entirely of micro materials hamper the surface roughness thereby resulting in loss of superhydrophobicity. This was also confirmed by the stereo microscope images shown in Figures 6 c & d. For hexadecane, even the Wenzel state was not achieved. This could be attributed to the range of generated void spaces that do not fulfill the capillary conditions. In contrast, it was thus surprisingly found that the second layer of spray comprising nanoparticles, increased surface roughness through the hierarchical structure as explained earlier that leads to the meta-stable Cassie Baxter state for all the probing liquids showing super repellent state. Further the second layer of particles show microstructure ranging from 7-15 µm which is very notably special as it mimics the biological specimens (Figures 7 f, g & h). The EDX showed the presence of silicon and fluorine in the surface of micropatterned panels indicating that the particle treatment was intact and is beneficial in anchorage (Figures 7 i & j).
Thus, a super-repellent surface with self cleaning ability was achieved by way of the present invention by the polymeric coating/ paint formulation/kit comprising a dual layer of particles of different morphology anchored on a 2-D panel comprising fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin (FAEPS) with the coating thickness of about 90 to 100 µm which is the common dry film thickness of any coating.
Most importantly, for all practical purposes super repellency and a varying degree of omniphobicity for multi-polar solvents could be thus achieved that is required for self cleaning ability of the said coat/ paint formulation and surfaces obtained thereof, which is simply measured by the sliding angles reflecting the behavior of a surface as per Table 4 hereunder.

Table 4. Comparison of Sliding angles for various surfaces w.r.t the three probe liquids indicating omniphobic behavior

Surface Sliding angles(θ)

Water Diiodomethane Hexadecane
10 FS <15 <15 15
Mono textured <2 <5 10
2-D textured <2 <2 <5
panels
Textured solids <2 <2 <5
The self cleaning property of the omniphobic surfaces was established after assessing the cleanability of oils and resistance to adhesion of finger prints with sweat (that is made of salt, water and sebum), making it one of the toughest to remove. The adhesion of the finger print in micro-patterned surface was found to be almost nonexistent while it was very visible in the case of smooth surfaces after washing with tap water (Figure 8).
Example 12: Flexibility and scratch resistance of omniphobic surfaces The textured and micro-patterned surfaces thus obtained while displaying omniphobicity also showed flexibility and scratch resistance. The base resin with its moisture curing siloxane and epoxy functionality makes the system mechanically robust such that even texturing does not affect the hardness of the surface as can be observed from Table 5 hereunder. It is because of the anchoring brought about through the treated particles with the selective resin that ensures that the microstructure does not disintegrate. A balance of hardness and toughness is selectively achieved via dual anchorage (via curing of the amine groups on the particle with the epoxy functionality of the clear coat and moisture curing of the silane groups on the particle with the alkoxy siloxane groups of the basecoat) of the treated particles with the selective base coat (FAEPS) comprising select range of polymer components.
Table 5. Comparison of flexibility and scratch hardness for various coatings in accordance with the present invention

Flexibility Scratch
Surface (conical hardness
Mandrel) (kg)
Clear (w/o Fluorine) Pass 2.8
10 FS Pass 2.6
Mono textured Pass ~2.0
2-D textured panels Pass ~2.0
Textured solids NA NA
Table 5A. Comparison of flexibility and scratch hardness for various coatings under Example 9A and Tables 3A-3E

Details on mechanical properties
Surface Flexibility Scratch hardness
Example 9A- Table 3A pass 2.6
Example 9A-Table 3B pass ~2
Example 9A-Table 3C pass ~2
Example 9A-Table 3D fail <1
Example 9A-Table 3E fail <1
Example 13: Test Methods
Mechanical properties
Film hardness was measured after maturing the film for 7 days at ambient temperature
using pencil, scratch and pendulum hardness tester.
Pencil hardness is assessed using ASTM D3363 with a range of pencils of increasing
hardness: 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H. The pencil is applied to the
paint surface at an angle of 45° under a constant load. The measurement is given by the
hardness of the last pencil that does not scratch the paint surface.
The coating’s resistance to scratches is quantified using SHEEN Automatic Scratch Tester
REF 705, a tool with a spherical tip (1 mm diameter), which is dragged along the coating
surface under an increasing load. The reported values correspond to the highest load that
does not scratch the whole organic coating right down to the metallic substrate.
For pendulum hardness, Braive-Instruments Persoz Pendulum (Model: 3034), was used. The
coated MS panel was placed in the hardness instrument and the test was conducted.

Hardness of coating was measured from the number of oscillations of the pendulum swinging on the test panel. The test was carried out in accordance with the ASTM D4366 standard.
Corrosion resistance
All the three corrosion tests were carried out over a period of 600 hours. To evaluate the
corrosion performance of coatings in an accelerated corrosive environment, the ASTM B117
salt spray test was performed.
Condensation resistance (QCT) is evaluated by continuously exposing the organic coated
product to a saturated atmosphere. The samples were exposed at an angle of 60° above a
tank of water at 45°C. The tested side was oriented towards the water in order to condense
the water vapour on the surface. Evaluation is based on blistering in accordance with ASTM
D4585-92.
A third corrosion test carried out was the ASTM G8594 Prohesion test which involve cycles
of 1 h salt spray at 25°C and 1 h drying at 35°C.
Dirt pickup resistance (DPUR)
For the purpose of DPUR and self cleaning with water, a panel previously coated and cured over 7 days with a white paint based on a 2 component polyurethane coating is was given the second clear coat of the acrylic epoxy polysiloxane resin clear coat with increasing fluorosilane separated by masking tape. The panel was allowed to cure and exposed to the natural environment at an angle of 5 degrees. The dust collection on the panel was continuously observed over a period of 21 days and then washed in the running water to check the effect of different dosages of fluorosilane.
Stain resistance
The cured panels were subject to hydrophobic and hydrophilic stains like turmeric in oil, grease, shoe polish, permanent marker, ballpoint pen, muddy water and crayon for a period of 2 hours. The panels were then tested for easy cleaning with water, cotton fabric and isopropanol wipe. The final cleaned panels were observed and ratings were given on the basis of ease of removal of the stains and residual stain content.
Finger print resistance
To study the effect of structure of the coatings, finger prints were applied to the coated
panels. Fluorescent powder was sprinkled on the area having the finger impression. The

panels were then washed under a continuous stream of tap water and kept under UV lamp (365 nm) to make the observation.
Example 14: Performance studies
Resistance to soiling
The resistance to soiling through external stimuli was studied for the clear coats using various methods like (1) resistance of the coats toward stains (2) cleanability of environmental dust/dirt (3) adhesion of biological contaminants to the surface
Resistance of clear coats towards stains
The common stains such as turmeric in oil, grease, shoe polish, ball-pen, crayon, and marker were applied and checked for cleanability after 2 hours. It was found that turmeric in oil was completely removed with plain water whereas thick stains like grease and crayon needed a cotton fabric wipe. Tough stains like shoe polish and ballpoint pen were found to be completely removed with Isopropanol soaked wipes. The adhesion of the stain in the clear coating itself was found to be very low. Figure 9 shows ease of stain removal from the clear coatings.
Cleanability of environmental dust/dirt
It was found that the clear coats with more than 4% fluorosilane showed minimum dirt pick up which could be washed away with plain water. A sheet of water which took time to dry was observed on the uncoated, 0% and 2% fluorosilane coated portions indicating a layer of dirt that could not be washed with water. Figure 10 reveals the dirt pickup on the clear coatings as a function of fluorosilane content followed by exposure to the outdoors for a period of 21 days (left) and after water washing (right)
Microbial studies
A major contribution to soiling is through biological contamination. Algae in particular are known for generating slime that can adhere itself to surfaces and cause fouling. Panels without biocides were exposed to stagnant water in an algal chamber kept at a temperature of around 25±2 °C and exposed to natural sunlight for a period of 21 days. A combination of Chlorella and Oscillatoria were taken along with water and nutrient mineral salts. There was coverage of algae on all the panels over a period of 10 to 15 days which got detached after

21 days. The chamber itself turned completely green showing the intensity of algal growth, while the panels did not have any algae in the surface. The low surface energy makes the system resistant to adhesion. The integrity of the surface was found to be intact with no development of imperfections such as blistering or cracks in the coating film. Figure 11 illustrates the clear coatings (left) resistance to adhesion of microorganisms in algal chamber (right) as a function of fluorosilane content.
Corrosion studies for the clear polymeric coatings
It may be observed that increased fluorine content provides better corrosion resistance
which may be due to the increased crosslink density and improved hydrophobicity of the
coating.
Table 6: Results of various corrosion tests of the panels coated with the resin as a function
of the fluorosilane content (+ Satisfactory ++ good +++ Excellent)

FS
content QCT Unscribed Scribed Prohesion
0 +++ + + ++
2 +++ ++ + ++
4 ++ + + + ++ ++
6 +++ ++ ++ ++
8 +++ +++ +++ +++
10 +++ +++ +++ +++
Mechanical Properties of the clear coats
The mechanical properties of the clear coated panels were studied after 7 days of curing at room temperature (25 °C). All panels of fluorosilanes ranging from 2 to 10% pass the conical mandrel test at 1/8 inch which indicates good flexibility which is similar to the base resin without fluorosilane. This shows that the increased cross-linking density does not hinder the basic flexible nature of the resin which is due to a balance between the acrylic, epoxy and siloxane components. All the panels show good scratch resistance which is higher than 2.5 Kg.
Table 7: Results of various mechanical properties of the panels coated with the resin as a function of the fluorosilane content

Resin
(fluoro Conical Pendulum Scratch
silane Mandrel hardness hardness
content) (flexibility) (Persoz) (kg)
0 Pass 231.0 2.80
2 Pass 226.0 2.90
4 Pass 212.5 3.00
6 Pass 259.0 2.90
8 Pass 215.0 2.50
10 Pass 203.5 2.60
It was thus possible by way of the present invention to provide for ambient curing self cleaning polymeric coating/ paint formulation/ kit and surfaces/ coats obtained thereof that are repellent to multipolar solvents (water and oil) in comprising a selective combination of low surface energy polymeric coating/ resin in combination with chemically/covalently anchored organic and/ or inorganic particles. The coating exhibits repellency (rolling ball effect) to water and also to low surface tension liquids such as diiodomethane and hexadecane with nearly zero contact angle hysteresis wherein said coating was manufactured by a simple process and to be applied using conventional techniques such as brush and spray application. The surface properties thus achieved are tailor-made by incorporating micro-patterns in the surface and modifying the pattern with mono-texturing leading to superhydrophobicity and micropatterning yields super repellent state. Advantageously, said coatings also possess excellent flexibility, scratch resistance and self cleaning properties.

We Claim:
1. A ready to use coating formulation comprising:
a reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer base coat and a top coat involving a slurry of plurality of curing agent surface treated particles said curing agent comprising of fluorosilane and amino silane reactive with said fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer, and wherein at least one functional group of the curing agent is chemically bonded to said particles providing a durable, scratch resistant and flexible coating exhibiting omniphobicity towards liquids of surface tensions ranging from 25 to 72 mN/m.
2. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in claim 1 comprising
a. said reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer in the range of 30 to 60% by
weight of the formulation
b. said curing agent in the range of 10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
c. said plurality of particles comprising micron sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by
weight of the formulation, nano sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the
formulation.
3. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1 or 2 comprising solvents in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the composition.
4. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-3 wherein said reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer base coat comprises
i. fluorinated monomers in the range of 1 to 20% by weight of the formulation;
ii. acrylic component in the range of 5 to 20 % by weight of the formulation containing 2 to 10 % of at least one or more reactive groups by weight of the formulation;
iii. epoxy component in the range of 10 to 20% by weight of the formulation; and
iv. at least one or more organosiloxanes in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation.

5. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-4 wherein the polymer comprises fluorinated monomers preferably in the range of less than 10% by wt. of the formulation comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms preferably upto 6 fluroniated carbons selected from fluoro silanes, fluorosiloxanes, and esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl functional group and more preferably selected from trifluoroethyl meth(acrylate), pentafluoropropyl meth(acrylate) with the most preferred being the silane or siloxane containing groups.
6. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-5 wherein the polymer comprises one or more reactive groups including acetoacetoxy, alkoxy silanes, isocyanate, hydroxyl, allyl, carbodiimide, aziridine, carboxyl, amino, acrylamide, hydrazine, alkene and esters of acrylic and or methacrylic acid can be used including vinyl monomers including styrene and vinyl esters of versatic acid, allylic monomers and multifunctional acrylic monomers capable of chemically bonding with at least one functionality of the curing agent.
7. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-6 wherein the polymer comprises epoxy component which includes aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic as also included as a part of the acrylic via glycidyl functional monomers or epoxy resin/ epoxy diluents reacted with the acrylic or blended in the system.
8. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-7 wherein the polymer comprises one or more organosiloxanes, including polymeric alkyl and/or aryl containing silanol and/or alkoxy functional oligomers or polymers and also includes silicones with cage like structures including polyoctahedral silsesquioxane and linear structures including polydimethyl siloxane.
9. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-8 wherein the curing agent is selected from the group of organosilanes (alkylsilanes, arylsilanes, perfluoroalkylsilanes, and alkylsilazanes), silicones and fluorinated compounds including amine functional silane, isocyanate functional silane, epoxy functional silane, mercaptan functional silane or reaction products of organic materials with silane functionality that are capable of reaction with said polymer.
10. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-9 wherein said
curing agent is preferably present in both the base coat and the particle slurry in the ratio of
10:90 to 90:10 with the most preferred range as 40:60 to 60:40 that enables chemical

bonding between said polymer matrix and the particles and also preferably favourscoupling the particles both in intra and inter layers when said coating formulation is provided in multilayers.
11. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-10 wherein said particles involve organic and or inorganic particles of size range from 1 nm to 200 microns having at least one size range or preferably two size ranges, one set in the size range of about 200 nm – 200 microns and the other set being organic and or inorganic particles in the size range of about 1 nm to 200 nm.
12. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-11 wherein said particles have a variety of structures including spherical, disc like, conical, pyramidal, nodular, acicular, platy, blocky, fibrous particles and mixtures thereof preferably irregular structure and comprise at least one material selected from the group comprising carbonates, silicates, minerals, sulphates, metal oxides, silicas and metal powders including aluminum oxides, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silver, nickel, nickel oxide, iron oxide, and alloys, polystyrene particles, (meth)acrylate particles, PTFE particles, silica particles, polyolefin particles, polycarbonate particles, polysiloxane particles, polyester particles, polyamide particles, polyurethane particles, ethylenically unsaturated polymer particles, polyanhydride particles, biodegradable particles, particles of various organic or inorganic polymers, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires, or combinations thereof including calcium carbonate, steatite, marble powder that are preferably insoluble in organic solvents and water.
13. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-12 wherein said particle slurry comprising single type of particles or a mixture of particles adapted for application as the first layer followed by another layer of a single type or mixture of particles wherein said . first layer preferably comprises particles in the size range 200 nm to 200 microns while the second layer preferably comprises particles in the size range 1 nm to 200 nm.
14. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-13 wherein said solvent is selected from ether, an ester, a glycol ether, a ketone, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, water and mixtures thereof and also includes diluents of silicone oligomers with alkoxy, silanol, methylol or alkene functionality, fluorinated oligomers, epoxy

diluents, versatic acid derivatives, multifunctional acrylates capable of chemically bonding with the curing agent.
15. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-14 having low
surface energy of <40 mN/m and preferably <20 mN/m and most preferably < 10 mN/m
and is recoatable favouring application of a second coat to enhance film build-up to attain
desired optical and mechanical properties.
16. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-15 which when applied on substrate can repel liquids, as measured using contact angle hysteresis that preferably are <20°, more preferably <10° and most preferably <5° for a deposited 0.02 mL liquid droplet wherein said liquid includes pure liquid or a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture of liquids or organic inorganic at ambient temperature and pressure including hexadecane, diiodomethane, water, oil, oligomeric polyols, liquids containing suspended solid particles (slurry) such that its surface tension is in the range 25 to 72 mN/m.
17. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-16 that retains the property of liquid repellency after wear and tear of at least 5 crockmeter cycles.
18. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-17 that retains liquid repellency after wear and tear of at least 1 kg load measured by scratch hardness tester.

19. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-18 that is transparent, translucent or opaque coating when applied on a substrate.
20. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-19 that is preferably ambient curing and includes ultraviolet, infra red, hot air curing.
21. A ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-20 comprise components including thickeners, biocides, wetting and dispersing agents, surfactants, defoamers, opacifying polymers, cosolvents, coalescents, plasticizers, pigments, special effect pigments, extenders, colorants, freeze thaw stabilizers, buffers, fire retardants, UV absorbers, organic fiber material, inorganic fiber materials, flow and levelling agents, adhesion promoters, catalysts.

22. A process for the preparation of a ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone
of claims 1 to 21 comprising the steps of
a. providing reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer;
b. providing said curing agent;
c. providing said plurality of surface treated particles; and obtaining said coating formulation
therefrom.
23. A process as claimed in claim 22 wherein
said step (a) involves providing reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane polymer in the range of 30 to 60% by weight of the formulation;
said step (b) involves providing curing agent in the range of 10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
said step (c) involves providing plurality of particles comprising micron sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the formulation and nano sized particles in the range of 1 to 5% by weight of the formulation followed by mixing with solvents in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation to obtain said coating formulation therefrom.
24. An omniphobic surface comprising a ready to use coating formulation as claimed in anyone of claims 1-21.
25. A method making an omniphobic surface as claimed in claim 24 comprising the steps of
a. providing a basecoat of reactive fluorinated acrylic epoxy polysiloxane (FAEPS) polymer on a substrate comprising
i. fluorinated monomers in the range of 1 to 20% by weight of the formulation;
ii. acrylic component in the range of 5 to 20 % by weight of the formulation containing 2 to 10 % of at least one or more reactive groups by weight of the formulation;
iii. epoxy component in the range of 10 to 20% by weight of the formulation; and
iv. at least one or more organosiloxanes in the range of 10 to 50% by weight of the formulation.

b. applying said curing agent on the basecoat;
c. providing a particulate mixture comprising of curing agent surface treated particles
together with diluents followed by curing agent such that the curing agent is in the range of
10 to 30% by weight of the formulation,
d. applying either single layer or multiple layer of particles on the basecoat such that there
is a uniform deposition of the particle slurry on the surface of the basecoat,
e. obtaining said coating composition of thickness of about 1 to 250 microns through
application by brush, spray and roller including dipping, padding, doctor blading, wiping,
spin coating preferably including wet-on- wet spray application when the particle slurry is
applied over the basecoat.
26. A method of making an omniphobic surface as claimed in claim 25 wherein said substrate includes metal, masonry, concrete, cementitious, plaster, baked clay tiles, cellulosic, wood, one or more polymer, dry or damp surfaces, brick, tile, stone, grout, mortar, composite materials, gypsum board, textiles, fibres, porous and non porous surfaces, interior surfaces or surfaces exposed to weathering on at least one surface of the substrate.