2
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in tiie teciinicai field of neuromodulation. I^ore particularly, the present invention relates to an adaptive control device for stimulation of different neural substrate. The invention further relates to a process of operating an adaptive control device stimulating different neural substrates.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The prior art devices for electrical stimulation of neural substrate in brain typically use a common electrode configuration for different individuals including a pre-determined stimulation dose over the whole duration of the process. With such a system and/or device, it Is difficult to configure a stimulation process based on patient-specific initial brain substrate and changes thereof commensurating with the progress of the stimulation process. Further, it is not an uncommon phenomenon to detect vastly heterogeneous abnormal substrate from patient to patient. Manual tuning with a conventional system, and/or device during initial fitting of the system/device as well as during subsequent adaptation for stimulation is tedious. Moreover, the difficulties in transferring such a device for implementing the stimulation process at different locations are multiplied because the neural substrate undergoes rapid changes especially during initial stages of spontaneous recovery following an injury.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to propose an adaptive control device for stimulation of different neural substrate, which eliminates the disadvantages of prior art.

3
Another object of the invention is to propose an adaptive control device for stimulation of different neural substrate, which is enabled to determine individual state of neural substrate through known imaging techniques.
A further object of the invention is to propose a process of operating an adaptive control device stimulating different neural substrate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention there is provided a wearable device enabled to acquire and store data representing neural activity and capable of adaptive control of stimulation to shape the activity of the target neural substrate in a desired sequence in a closed-loop manner. The wearable device can be initialized based on individual initial state of the neural substrate, which can be determined apriorl by conducting conventional imaging for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) besides others.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a process of operating an adaptive control device stimulating a changing neural substrate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a frontal cross-sectional schematic of a 3-dimensional multi-shell head-model for configuring an adaptive control device according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative adaptive control device according to the invention.

4
Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of modulation effect of a electrical stimulation electrode in respect of its shape, size, and conductivity.
Figure 4 is a flow diagram depicting operability sequence of an adaptive control device according to the invention.
Figure 5 illustrates a multi-electrode configuration for directional recording using beamforming and steering the stimulation using constructive interference, to target a particular part of the neural substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is to be understood that the disclosed device is for exemplary purposes and that this disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments as described. It is to be understood that the terminology used in this description is for the purposes of describing the exemplary embodiment only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is apparent from the disclosure that the device can be embodied in a wide variety of forms such that the energy emanating from the neural substrate actively (in response to stimulation) or passively can take forms other than electrical voltage (such as light, heat, sound, vibration besides others) and the neural substrate can be stimulated with energy other than electrical current (such as light, heat, sound, vibration besides others).
Referring now to the invention in more detail, in Figure 1 there is shown a frontal cross-sectional schematic of a 3-dimensional multi-shell head-model for configuring an adaptive control device where the model is based on the data captured by conducting conventional imaging, also showing the constituent components of the device for example, at least one each of stimulation electrode, and the recording sensor. The device is initially configured based on

5
apriori individual imaging data, and showing the constituent components namely a stimulation electrode, and a recording sensor. In this embodiment, a recording sensor (1) measures the electrical potential produced by the neural substrate. The adaptive control device (2) analyzes the data captured by the sensor (1) to detect an abnormality, if any. If the adaptive control device (2) detects an abnormality then its component computes an appropriate protocol to electrically stimulate that neural substrate. The 'appropriate protocol' may consist of electrical current amplitude, duration, waveform, besides others. The stimulation electrode (3) is enabled to target the abnormal neural substrate (4). The initial configuration of the sensor (1) and stimulation electrode (3) may be adaptively changed based on individual 3-dimensional multi-shell head-model consisting of a scalp (5), a skull (6), a cerebrospinal fluid (7), a brain substrate (8) in this illustrative example.
In another case, still referring to the invention of Figure 1, the sensor can measure other forms of energy such as light from optically stimulated neural substrate and the stimulation electrode (3) may adaptively inject (or absorb) other forms of energy such as light, sound, heat, besides others.
In further detail, referring now to the embodiment of Figure 2, the adaptive control device (2A) consists of a RELAY (9) to switch ON/OFF (or select) at least one each appropriate recording sensor and stimulation electrode (1,3 respectively). An ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION is implemented through an AD-converter (10), so that the recording sensor (1) data can be read by a I^ICROCONTROLLER (11). THE MICROCONTROLLER (11) computes the appropriate protocol to stimulate that neural substrate (4). The 'appropriate protocol' is transmitted to an ELECTRICAL STIMULATOR (12) in this embodiment which then injects (or absorbs) the electrical energy to the targeted neural substrate (4) via the selected set of stimulation electrodes (3).

6
The primary decisive parameters for configuring the recording sensor and stimulation electrodes of the embodiment of Figure 3, can be electrode shape, size, electrical conductivity besides other properties which can be optimized based on computational analysis. Further as shown in Figure 3, the magnitude of the current density for different electrode parameters are illustrated with gray¬scale bar. Referring to Figure 3, the reference designators 1' and 2' show the effect of changes in the area from Ai=36cm^ (as in 1') to A2=9cm^ (as in 2') while maintaining the electrode conductivity ai=0.332S/m and electrode shape (flat-top) same. The reference numerals 3' and 4' show the effect of change in electrode conductivity from cji=0.332S/m (as in 3') to a2=0.083S/m (as in 4') while maintaining the electrode area (A2=9cm^) and electrode shape (flat-top) same. The reference characters 5' and 6' show the effect of change in electrode conductivity from CTi=0.332S/m (as in 5') to a2=0.083S/m (as in 6') while maintaining the electrode area (A2=9cm^) and electrode shape (concave-top) same. The reference numerals 1' and 2' show inter alia that the current density at a fixed depth below the center of the electrode is less for smaller electrode even when the average current density injected (or absorbed) is same. The reference characters 3',4',5' and 6' Inter alia show that the edge-effects (7',8',9') were reduced and the charge density at the electrode interface (10,11) became more uniform with a Concave-top (5') than a flat-top (3') for the same electrode interface conductivity (CTi=0.332S/m) and electrode area (A2=9cm^); and further shows a decrease in electrode conductivity from CTi=0.332S/m (3') to (T2=0.083S/m (4') with same electrode area (A2=9cm^) and same electrode shape. Therefore based on the properties of the individual head-model and targeted neural substrate as obtained through conventional imaging techniques, the properties and construction details of the sensor (1) and stimulation electrodes (3) can be optimized apriori using computational analysis.

7
Referring now to the embodiment shown in Figure 4, two alternative operational flow charts (A,B) of the adaptive control device are presented. In embodiment A, a set of recording sensors (1) can be selected by switching ON (101) the corresponding RELAY (9) and a set of stimulation electrodes (3) can be deactivated by switching OFF the corresponding RELAY (13). Then the stimulation-artifact-free sensor data can be recorded (102) within a time window, then analyzed (103) to determine the normality of the target neural substrate (4). The targeted neural substrate (4) can be selected from the individual head-model found from conventional imaging techniques such as MRl. In case of abnormality in sensor signal, a corresponding set of stimulation electrodes is selected (104) to inject (or absorb) an amount of energy into the neural substrate (4). After the stimulation is over then the set of recording sensors (1) can be selected by switching ON (105) the corresponding RELAY (9) and the set of stimulation electrodes (3) can be deactivated by switching OFF the corresponding RELAY (13) to repeat the process. In embodiment B, the sensor data can be continuously recorded (106) with a sliding time window, then filtered (107) to remove stimulation artifact if any, and then analyzed (108) to determine the normality of the target neural substrate (4). The targeted neural substrate (4) can be selected from the individual head-model obtained from conventional imaging techniques such as MRI. In case of abnormality in the sensor signal, an effective set of stimulation electrodes is selected to inject (or absorb) a certain amount of energy into the neural substrate to drive it towards normality.
The advantages of the present invention include, without limitation, a device consisting of hardware and software that can initialize stimulation based on individual initial state of the neural substrate found using conventional imaging techniques and then adapt stimulation to a changing target neural substrate in order to drive the neural substrate towards a normal behavior. The hardware can adapt by changing the configuration of multiple recording sensors and multiple

8
stimulation electrodes from a redundant set. Figure 5 illustrates a multi-electrode configuration for directional recording using beamforming and steering the stimulation using constructive interference, to target a particular part of the neural substrate. The software can also adapt by changing the properties of the energy injected (or absorbed) such as amplitude, duration and waveform besides others. Moreover, the initialization and subsequent adaptation are based on an individual model (such as 3-dimensional multi-shell head-model presented as an example) obtained from conventional imaging techniques. The adaptation ameliorates the difficulties in automatic application as may be necessary for home-based process implementation when the neural substrate may undergo rapid changes especially during initial stages of spontaneous recovery following an injury. In broad embodiment, the present invention encompasses devices for individual adaptive stimulation of neural substrate by sensing any kind of energy emanating from the neural substrate and then stimulating the same or other neural substrate by injecting (or absorbing) energy in order to normalize the target neural substrate.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiments, and examples, but by all the embodiments falling within the scope of the invention.

9
WE CLAIM
1. An adaptive control device (2) for stimulating different neural substrate,
comprising:
- at least one recording sensor (1) for measuring electrical potential produced by a target neural substrate (4);
- means for (2) analysing data captured by said at least one recording sensor (1) to detect any abnormally in the acquired data;
- at least one simulation electrode (3) enabled to target an abnormal neural substrate upon detection and implement an appropriate protocol to electrically stimulate the targeted neural substrate to normalize the abnormality;
wherein the selected protocol comprises one of electrical current amplitude, duration, waveform, besides others and/or combination thereof, wherein the initial configuration and properties such as on shape, size, electrical conductivity of the recording sensor (1) and the stimulation electrode (3) are selected based on aprioro information from conventional imaging, wherein the initial configuration of the sensor (1) and the electrode (3) is adaptively changeable based on online detection and simulation, and wherein the neural substrate is targeted based on individual 3-dimensional model derived from conventional imaging techniques.
2. An adaptive control device (2A) for stimulating different neural substrate,
comprising:

10
- a plurality of recording sensor (1) for measuring electrical potential produced by a target neural substrate (4);
- a plurality of simulation electrode (3) enabled to target an abnormal neural substrate upon detection.
- a relay (9) to select at least one recording sensor (1) and another (13) to select atleast one simulation electrode (3) based on abnormality detected in the target neural substrate (4);
- an analog to digital converter (10) to convert the analog signals from the sensor (1) and for inputting digital signals to a microcontroller (11) to compute a protocol in registration with the signal parameters; and
- an energy stimulator (12) receiving the selected protocol from the microcontroller (11) and inject (or absorb) energy including one of electrical, light, sound, heat to the targeted neural substrate (4) via the selected simulation electrodes (3).

3. The device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the recording sensors (1) and the stimulation electrodes (3) are configured by optimizing applicable parameters for example, shape, size, electrical conductively through computational analysis, and wherein the initial configurations of the sensors (1) and the electrodes (3) are susceptible to changes in respect of area, shape, edge effect, charge density, electrical conductivity, and current density.
4. A process of operating an adaptive control device stimulating different neural substrate, the process comprising the steps of:

11
- selecting a set of recording sensors from multi-electrode array by activating a relay;
- recording the sensor data within a time window;
- analyzing the data to determine abnormality or otherwise of a targeted neural substrate, the substrate being selected from known imaging technique of a 3-dimensional multi-shell head model;
- injecting (or absorbing) an amount of energy to the detected abnormal neural substrate via a selected set of simulation electrodes from multi-electrode array; and
- repeating the process till such time the detected abnormality reduced to normal neural substrate.
Dated this 11* day of MAY, 2012
(P.D.GUPrA) I
OF L S DAVAR & CO., / APPLICANTS'AGENT /