Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to anti-dandruff formulations. More specifically, the disclosure is directed to a formulation comprising an anti-dandruff agent that is microencapsulated to give microcapsules which are dispersed in the formulation. The formulation apart from applications in fast moving consumer goods is also suitable for application on textiles. The present disclosure also provides a method of preparation of the formulation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] A number of hair care formulations are known in the art and are extensively available in the market, and continuous research is being done to improve the functionality, the effect over time or longevity after application on scalp, or the damage it causes to hair. Typically, anti-dandruff formulations comprise an anti-dandruff agent, and a surfactant dispersed in water. Most anti-dandruff formulations known in the art are suitable only for application on the scalp or hair either while washing or before washing. This results in very little time of exposure for the active ingredient. Application of these formulations to textiles such as pillow cases may increase the exposure time to the active. Currently, there are no formulations that are suitable for application on textiles. Additionally, the formulations known are not stable under exposure to ultraviolet radiation or even high temperatures and lead to degradation of the actives.
[0004] Thus, there is a need in the art to develop novel anti-dandruff formulations that are suitable for application on multiple substrates, are stable under varying environmental conditions and can increase the exposure time of the actives to the scalp or hair.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti-dandruff formulation with encapsulated anti-dandruff actives.
[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti-dandruff formulation suitable for application on textiles.
[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti-dandruff formulation that is resistant to external environments including high temperatures, pH change or radiation.
[0008] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method of preparation of an anti-dandruff formulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in Detailed Description section. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0010] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an anti-dandruff formulation for application on textiles that come in contact with hair and scalp as well as are suitable for use in consumer goods including hair shampoos.
[0011] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent; (b) one or more humectant(s); (c) one or more encapsulant(s); and (d) an emulsifier; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.
[0012] In an embodiment, the anti-dandruff agent may be selected from, but is not limited to, pyrithiones including zinc pyrithione, barium pyrithione, copper pyrithione, magnesium pyrithione, or cadmium pyrithione; azoles including climbazoles, benzimidazole, ketoconazole, or clotrimazole; amines including piroctone olamine; caprylates including propanediol caprylate; isethionates including hexamidine diisethionate; or combinations thereof.
[0013] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 2% w/w to about 15% w/w of the formulation.
[0014] In an embodiment, the humectant may be selected from, but is not limited to, amino acids, lactic acids, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, castor oils, mineral oils, lanolin, paraffins, ceramides, glycerin, aloe vera, silicones, mineral oils, castor oils, avocado oil, olive oil, or combinations thereof.
[0015] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the humectant in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the humectant in a range of about 10% w/w to about 30% w/w of the formulation.
[0016] In an embodiment, the encapsulant may be selected from, but is not limited to, triazines including urea formaldehyde; melamine formaldehyde including methylated melamine formaldehyde, or butylated melamine formaldehyde; polyurethanes including aliphatic isocyanates or aromatic isocyanates based polyurethanes; polyamines including diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or aziridine derived polyamine; or combinations thereof.
[0017] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the encapsulant in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the encapsulant in a range of about 2% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation.
[0018] In an embodiment, the ratio of anti-dandruff agent to humectant generally may be 1:5 to 1:50; preferably 1:10 to 1:40. In an embodiment, the ratio of encapsulant to humectant generally may be 1:20 to 1:2; preferably 1:18 to 3:16.
[0019] In an embodiment, the emulsifier may be selected from, but is not limited to, ethoxylates of castor oil, lauryl alcohol, phenols, fatty alcohols, or glycerides; copolymers based on maleic anhydride including propylene maleic anhydride, styrene maleic anhydride, ethylene maleic anhydride, or butyl acrylate styrene; homopolymers including polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyacrylonitrile; polyethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; or combinations thereof.
[0020] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w of the formulation.
[0021] In an embodiment, the formulation may further comprise one or more acceptable additive(s) or excipient(s).
[0022] In an embodiment, the excipient may be selected from dispersants, foam suppressants, film forming agents, urea, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, amino acids, vitamins, oils including olive oil, lavender oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, or combinations thereof, herbal components including amla, tea tree oil, lemongrass oil or aloe vera juice; plant extracts including ginseng extract, wild cherry extract, licorice extract or combinations thereof; apple cider vinegar, fragrance including natural fragrances; preservative including citric acid, triethanolamine, or combinations thereof; coloring agent, or combinations thereof.
[0023] In an embodiment, the dispersant may be selected from, but is not limited to, sulphonates including lignin sulphonates, alkyl sulphonates, or naththalene sulphonates; or oils including turkey red oil, castor oil, mineral oil, or vegetable oil, or combinations thereof.
[0024] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation.
[0025] In an embodiment, the foam suppressant may be selected from, but is not limited to, silicones or silicone modified mineral oils; mineral oils; acrylates including polybutyl acrylates, or combinations thereof.
[0026] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the foam suppressant in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the foam suppressant in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 0.5% w/w of the formulation.
[0027] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation; and (d) an emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0028] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0029] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation for textiles comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0030] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff cosmetic hair formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0031] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation for use on textiles or in consumer goods including anti-dandruff shampoos.
[0032] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of preparation of an anti-dandruff formulation comprising the steps of: (a) mixing an anti-dandruff agent and one or more humectant(s); (b) mixing one or more encapsulant(s) and emulsifier(s) in a solvent and adding the mixture of step (a) into the solvent; (c) agitating the mixture at high speeds to microencapsulate the anti-dandruff agent in a slurry; (d) curing the slurry at temperatures between 50°C to 90°C; and (e) cooling the cured slurry to give the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.
[0033] In an embodiment, the mean particle size of the microcapsules generated by the above method may be in the range of about 2 µm to about 30 µm.
[0034] Other aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learnt by the practice of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be better understood by reference to the drawings in combination with the detailed description of the specific embodiments presented herein.
[0036] Figure 1 provides a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of an anti-dandruff formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] Figure 2 provides a SEM image of an anti-dandruff formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] Figure 3 graphically provides a comparison of the half-life or number of days required for degradation of active ingredient (Climbazole) at varying temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 in a general formulation(aqueous formulation) and a formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] Figure 4 provides a SEM image of an anti-dandruff formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] Figure 5 provides a SEM image of an anti-dandruff formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] Figure 6 graphically provides a comparison of the half-life or number of days required for degradation of active ingredient (Zinc Pyrithione) at varying temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 in a general formulation(aqueous formulation) and a formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] Figure 7 provides a SEM image of an anti-dandruff formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] Figure 8 graphically provides a comparison of the half-life or number of days required for degradation of active ingredient (Piroctone olamine) at varying temperatures of 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130°C in a general formulation (aqueous formulation) and a formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] Figure 9 graphically compares thermal stability of actives Piroctone olamine, Climbazole and Zinc pyrithione in a general formulation(aqueous formulation) and a formulation as per an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0045] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0046] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[0047] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0048] In some embodiments, numbers have been used for quantifying weight, percentages, ratios, and so forth, to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention and are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0049] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0050] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0051] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
[0052] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.
[0053] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0054] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified.
[0055] The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, is provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles and aspects of the present disclosure. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the disclosure.
[0056] It should also be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a system, a method or a device. In this specification, these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as processes. In general, the order of the steps of the disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention.
[0057] The headings and abstract of the invention provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
[0058] The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
[0059] The terms, ‘anti-dandruff agent’ and ‘active ingredient’ have been used interchangeably in the present disclosure.
[0060] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an anti-dandruff formulation suitable for application on textiles that come in contact with hair and scalp as well as for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) such as cosmetic formulations.
[0061] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation comprising microcapsules.
[0062] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation wherein an active ingredient is microencapsulated.
[0063] In an embodiment, the active ingredient is present in microcapsules with a polymeric shell wall.
[0064] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation wherein the microencapsulated active ingredient is present in a water-based dispersion.
[0065] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a delivery system for anti-dandruff agents that are suitable for infusion into textiles as well as in consumer goods.
[0066] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent; (b) one or more humectant(s); (c) one or more encapsulant(s); and (d) an emulsifier; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.
[0067] The anti-dandruff agent as per the present disclosure could be any agent that has antimicrobial activity, specifically anti-fungal activity, against dandruff causing microbes. In an embodiment, the anti-dandruff agent may be selected from, but is not limited to, pyrithione including zinc pyrithione, barium pyrithione, copper pyrithione, magnesium pyrithione, or cadmium pyrithione; azoles including climbazoles, benzimidazole, ketoconazole, or clotrimazole; amines including piroctone olamine; caprylates including propanediol caprylate; isethionates including hexamidine diisethionate; or combinations thereof.
[0068] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 2% w/w to about 15% w/w of the formulation.
[0069] The humectant provides moisturization to the hair and scalp; can disperse in the microcapsules or can solubilize the anti-dandruff agent. In an embodiment, the humectant may be selected from, but is not limited to, amino acids, lactic acids, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, castor oils, mineral oils, lanolin, paraffins, ceramides, glycerin, aloe vera, silicones, mineral oils, castor oils, avocado oil, olive oil, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the humectant may be glycerin or aloe vera. However, a person of skill in the art would understand that any other humectant(s) may be employed in the formulation that can moisturize the scalp, can be encapsulated or solubilize the active ingredient, without going beyond the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0070] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the humectant in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the humectant in a range of about 10% w/w to about 30% w/w of the formulation.
[0071] The encapsulant gives microcapsules by encapsulating the anti-dandruff agent. The encapsulant may be a pre-polymer that polymerizes during the preparation process. The encapsulant hardens during the process of microencapsulation, specifically during the step of curing either with time or with temperature or by any other catalyst.
[0072] In an embodiment, the encapsulant may be selected from, but is not limited to, triazines including urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde including methylated melamine formaldehyde, or butylated melamine formaldehyde; polyurethanes including aliphatic isocyanates or aromatic isocyanates based polyurethanes; polyamines including diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or aziridine derived polyamine; or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulant is melamine formaldehyde.
[0073] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the encapsulant in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the encapsulant in a range of about 2% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation.
[0074] In an embodiment, the ratio of anti-dandruff agent to humectant generally may be 1:5 to 1:50; preferably 1:10 to 1:40. In an embodiment, the ratio of encapsulant to humectant generally may be 1:20 to 1:2; preferably 1:18 to 3:16. The ratios of the components are very critical since the ratios are directly proportional to the thickness of shell wall of microcapsule formed. Higher amounts of encapsulant will lead to very thick shell walls of the microcapsules, while lower amounts of encapsulant will lead to very thin shell walls of the microcapsules. Ideal selection of the ratio is important to give the ideal thickness of the shell wall to give good performance after formulation or application.
[0075] The emulsifier keeps the microencapsulated anti-dandruff agent dispersed in the formulation. In an embodiment, the emulsifier may be selected from, but is not limited to, ethoxylates of castor oil, lauryl alcohol, phenols, fatty alcohols, or glycerides; copolymers based on maleic anhydride including propylene maleic anhydride, styrene maleic anhydride, ethylene maleic anhydride, or butyl acrylate styrene; homopolymers including polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyacrylonitrile; polyethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; diethylene glycol; or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the emulsifier may be copolymers based on maleic anhydride.
[0076] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises the emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 3% w/w of the formulation.
[0077] In an embodiment, the formulation may further comprise one or more acceptable additive(s) or excipient(s).
[0078] In an embodiment, the excipient may be selected from dispersants, foam suppressants, film forming agents, urea, amino acids, vitamins, oils including olive oil, lavender oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, or combinations thereof, herbal components including amla, tea tree oil, lemongrass oil or aloe vera juice; plant extracts including ginseng extract, wild cherry extract, licorice extract or combinations thereof; apple cider vinegar, fragrance including natural fragrances; preservative including citric acid, triethanolamine, or combinations thereof; coloring agent; resins such as ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers, or its derivatives; or combinations thereof. However, a person of skill in the art would understand that any other excipient may be employed without going beyond the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The choice of the excipients and their amounts may be determined by a person of skill in the art.
[0079] The dispersant helps keep the microencapsulated anti-dandruff agent uniformly dispersed in the formulation. In an embodiment, the dispersant may be selected from, but is not limited to, sulphonates including lignin sulphonates, alkyl sulphonates, or naththalene sulphonates; oils including turkey red oil, castor oil, mineral oil, or vegetable oil; or combinations thereof.
[0080] In an embodiment, the formulation may comprise the dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation may comprise the dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation.
[0081] Foam suppressants help suppress any foam that may arise during the encapsulation of the anti-microbial agent. In an embodiment, the foam suppressant may be selected from, but is not limited to, silicones or silicone modified mineral oils; mineral oils; acrylates including polybutyl acrylates or combinations thereof.
[0082] In an embodiment, the formulation may comprise the foam suppressant in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation may comprise the foam suppressant in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 0.5% w/w of the formulation.
[0083] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation; and (d) an emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0084] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of about 5% w/w to about 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of about 0.5% w/w to about 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of about 0.1% w/w to about 1% w/w of the formulation.
[0085] In an embodiment, the formulation may comprise a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the solvent may be selected from water, distilled water, 2-butoxyethanol, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, methylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, or combinations thereof.
[0086] In an embodiment, the formulation comprises the solvent in a range of about 40% w/w to about 80%w/w of the formulation.
[0087] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation for use on textiles or in consumer goods including anti-dandruff shampoos.
[0088] The formulation of the present disclosure is suitable for application or infusion on textiles substrates, preferably textiles in frequent contact with hair and scalp. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation may be applied on a pillow case, cap, towel, cushion, headgear, or scarf that is in contact with the hair and scalp.
[0089] The formulation is suitable for application on textile substrates since if there is an abrasion the formulation releases the anti-dandruff agent from the microcapsules. In an embodiment, the formulation maybe suitable for application on a textile substrate, selected from fabrics, including cotton, jute, nylon, rayon, linen, silk, wool, acrylic, blended cotton, or combinations thereof. The substrate maybe treated with the formulation by coating, layering, dipping, spraying or combinations thereof. Any method known in the art may be employed for the same.
[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is aqueous and microcapsules formed are uniformly and homogenously dispersed in water for use in the application on textile during processing, finishing, coating, printing, spraying or any other method used to incorporate the formulation.
[0091] In some embodiments, the formulation may also be incorporated in commercial goods, such as fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) including hair oils, hair gels, hair washes, hair lotion, hair shampoos, or combinations thereof.
[0092] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation for textiles comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0093] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a textile substrate coated with the formulation as recited above.
[0094] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff cosmetic hair formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
[0095] The formulation possesses anti-microbial activity, specifically anti-fungal activity. The formulation controls dandruff on scalp and hair by inhibiting the dandruff causing microbes. The formulation also moisturizes the hair and prevents breakage due to textile abrasion.
[0096] The formulation has a stable dispersion of the microencapsulated anti-dandruff agent. In a preferred embodiment, the microencapsulated anti-dandruff agent is present in a stable water-based dispersion in the formulation. The microencapsulation of the active agent ensures it is protected, inside a polymeric shell wall or a microcapsule, from possible degradation by environmental factors, including light, ultra-violet radiations, storage temperature conditions among other ecological or biological factors.
[0097] The formulation has surprising synergism and functional reciprocity that gives it a higher shelf-life and stability compared to non-encapsulated active agent formulations. Ecological and biological factors reduce the activity and strength of the active ingredient thereby decreasing the shelf-life of the formulation. The microencapsulation technology of the present disclosure encapsulates the active ingredient inside a polymeric shell wall or a microcapsule and prevents the contact of the anti-dandruff active ingredient with the environmental and biological conditions and increases the formulations shelf-life.
[0098] In an embodiment, the formulation has longevity, i.e. the formulation has long term activity. The formulation protects the anti-dandruff agent from environment conditions thereby avoiding degradation of the active ingredient.
[0099] The formulation has pH stability over a wide pH range. In an embodiment, the formulation can be worked with over a range of about pH 3 to 12.
[00100] Active agents are generally stable at relatively lower temperatures. The formulation of the present disclosure is heat stable over higher temperatures. In some embodiments, the formulation has heat or thermal stability even up to 180°C. In some embodiments, the formulation has heat or thermal stability over 80°C to 200°C. The formulation stays stable even during curing of a textile substrate. The half-life or degradation of the active ingredients follows first order kinetics.
[00101] Ordinarily, anti-dandruff agents do not exhibit stability at UV wavelengths lower than 300 nm. In some embodiments, the formulation of the present disclosure has stability to photo-degradation even below 300nm.
[00102] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of preparation of an anti-dandruff formulation using an in-situ polymerization technique. The in situ polymerization method suits the anti-dandruff agent which is to be encapsulated.
[00103] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of preparation of an anti-dandruff formulation comprising the steps of: (a) mixing an anti-dandruff agent and one or more humectant(s); (b) mixing one or more encapsulant(s) and emulsifier in a solvent and adding the mixture of step (a) into the solvent; (c) agitating the mixture at high speeds to microencapsulate the anti-dandruff agent in a slurry; (d) curing the slurry at temperatures between 50°C to 90°C; and (e) cooling the cured slurry to give the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.
[00104] In an embodiment, the anti-dandruff agent and the humectants may be mixed in a desired ratio before in situ polymerization. In an embodiment, the ratio of anti-dandruff agent to humectant generally may be 1:5 to 1:50; preferably 1:10 to 1:40. In an embodiment, the ratio of encapsulant to humectant generally may be 1:20 to 1:2; preferably 1:18 to 3:16.
[00105] Curing gives strength to the microcapsules. In a preferred embodiment, the slurry may be cured at temperatures between 60°C to 90°C. The cured slurry is cooled to ambient temperature. In a preferred embodiment, it may be cooled to temperatures between 20°C to 40°C.
[00106] In an embodiment, the additive(s) or excipient(s) may be added after curing.
[00107] In an embodiment, the process gives encapsulation efficiency of the anti-dandruff agent in a range of over 90%, above 91%, above 92%, above 93%, above 94%, above 95%, above 96%, above 97%, above 98%, or above 99%; preferably above 92%.
[00108] In an embodiment, the mean particle size of the microcapsules generated by the above method may be in the range of about 2 µm to about 30 µm.
[00109] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of reduction of dandruff in a subject by applying an effective amount of the formulation as recited above on a textile substrate or directly onto the hair of a substrate.
[00110] After the formulation is applied on the textile substrate it may be dried at up to temperatures of 150°C and cured to finish. The formulation of the present disclosure is suitable for such high temperature drying and curing unlike conventional anti-dandruff formulations.
[00111] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.
EXAMPLES
[00112] The present disclosure is further explained in the form of the following examples. However, it is to be understood that the following examples are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the invention.
[00113] MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the chemicals were obtained from Merck. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the formulations was done using a scanning electron microscope which shows the image and size of the microcapsules in the formulation. The efficiency of encapsulation of the anti-dandruff active ingredient was tested using HPLC to check the non-encapsulated anti-dandruff active ingredient inside the formulation. The particle size was analyzed using a BECKMAN COULTER LS particle size analyzer to check that the particle size is suitable for good performance on textile and related substrates.
EXAMPLE 1
Formulation A
[00114] A formulation was prepared based on the composition of Table 1 below with agitator speed of 10000rpm, agitation time of 2 min, curing time of 3 hours and curing temperature of 80°C. Polyamine, polyethylene glycol, EMA copolymer and propylene glycol were mixed together in water. To this Climbazole and castor oil were added followed by the addition of the anti-foam and urea respectively to give the formulation.
Table 1: Composition of the formulation A
Component Amount (gm)
Water 51.3
Climbazole 2.4
Polyamine 4.5
Polyethylene glycol 15.5
Castor oil 24.5
EMA copolymer 1.5
Propylene glycol 0.2
Anti-Foam 0.1

[00115] The microcapsules were formed properly and were visible under scanning electron microscope (refer Figures 1 and 2). The encapsulation efficiency was 92% and the particle size analyzer showed the particle size Dmean = 29.64µm.
[00116] The half-life or degradation at different temperatures of the active Climbazole in the present formulation was compared with the active in an aqueous formulation(general formulation). The active in the present formulation was found to be much more stable with slower degradation compared to the general formulation (refer Table 2 and Figure 3).
Table 2: Half-life of Climbazole
Half-life(days)
Temperature General Formulation Formulation A
30 396.9 1030.9
50 228.7 1030.5
70 140.6 1029.8
90 91.1 1028.9
110 61.1 1026.8
130 42.9 1022.8

EXAMPLE 2
Formulation B
[00117] A formulation was prepared based on the composition of Table 3 below with agitator speed of 20000rpm, agitation time of 4 min, curing time of 4 hours and curing temperature of 85°C. Melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol, EMA copolymer and diethylene glycol were mixed together in water. To this Zinc Pyrithione and aloe vera were added followed by the addition of the anti-foam to give the formulation.
Table 3: Composition of the formulation B
Component Amount (gm)
Water 56.75
Zinc Pyrithione 5.0
Melamine formaldehyde 4.1
Polyethylene glycol 1.5
Aloe Vera 30.2
EMA copolymer 1.25
Diethylene glycol 0.5
Anti-Foam 0.2
Urea 0.5

[00118] The microcapsules were formed properly and were visible under scanning electron microscope (refer Figures 4 and 5). The encapsulation efficiency was 96% and the particle size analyzer showed the particle size Dmean = 6.244µm.
[00119] The half-life or degradation at different temperatures of the active Zinc Pyrithione in the present formulation was compared with the active in an aqueous formulation (general formulation). The active in the present formulation was found to be more stable compared to the active in the general formulation (refer Table 4 and Figure 6).
Table 4: Half-life of Zinc Pyrithione
Half-life(days)
Temperature General Formulation Invention
30 0.708 1005.2
50 0.512 1002.1
70 0.221 990.3

EXAMPLE 3
Formulation C
[00120] A formulation was prepared based on the composition of Table 5 below with agitator speed of 26000rpm, agitation time of 3 min, curing time of 4 hours and curing temperature of 85°C. Melamine formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol, EMA copolymer and diethylene glycol were mixed together in water. To this Piroctone olamine and aloe vera were added followed by the addition of the anti-foam and urea respectively to give the formulation.
Table 5: Composition of the formulation C
Component Amount (gm)
Water 61.13
Piroctone olamine 4.5
Melamine formaldehyde 6.1
Polyethylene glycol 0.65
Aloe Vera 25.6
EMA copolymer 1.12
Diethylene glycol 0.5
Anti-Foam 0.2
Urea 0.2

[00121] The microcapsules were formed properly and were visible under scanning electron microscope (refer Figure 7). The encapsulation efficiency was 99% and the particle size analyzer showed the particle size Dmean = 3.763µm.
[00122] The half-life or degradation at different temperatures of the active Piroctone olamine in the present formulation was compared with the active in an aqueous formulation (general formulation). The active in the present formulation was found to be more stable compared to the active in the general formulation (refer Table 6 and Figure 8).
Table 6: Half-life of Piroctone olamine
Half-life(days)
Temperature (°C) General Formulation Invention
30 110.1 1033.9
50 101.4 1030.3
70 90.3 1028.2
90 75.5 1024.3
110 58.1 1011.3
130 40.4 998.2

EXAMPLE 4
Thermal stability
[00123] Thermal stability of the formulations A, B and C were tested using Thermogravimetric analyzer which calculates the thermal decomposition of a mass of a sample over time with the change in temperature. The temperatures at which the actives degraded are provided in Table 7 and presented in Figure 9. The actives in the present formulation were found to be more stable than general formulation.
Table 7: Thermal stability
Temperature
Active General Formulation Invention
Climbazole 90 180
Piroctone Olamine 80 180
Zinc pyrithione 210 210

[00124] The foregoing examples are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[00125] The present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation that is suitable for use on textile substrates.
[00126] The present disclosure provides an anti-dandruff formulation that is stable, has thermal stability and resistance to photo-degradation.

, Claims:1. An anti-dandruff formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; and (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.
2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-dandruff agent is selected from pyrithione including zinc pyrithione, barium pyrithione, copper pyrithione, magnesium pyrithione, or cadmium pyrithione; azoles including climbazoles, benzimidazole, ketoconazole, or clotrimazole; amines including piroctone olamine; caprylates including propanediol caprylate; isethionates including hexamidine diisethionate; or combinations thereof.
3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humectant is selected from amino acids, lactic acids, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, castor oils, mineral oils, lanolin, paraffins, ceramides, glycerin, aloe vera, silicones, mineral oils, castor oils, avocado oil, olive oil, or combinations thereof.
4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the encapsulant is selected from triazines including urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde including methylated melamine formaldehyde, or butylated melamine formaldehyde; polyurethanes including aliphatic isocyanates or aromatic isocyanates based polyurethanes; polyamines including diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or aziridine derived polyamine; or combinations thereof.
5. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is selected from ethoxylates of castor oil, lauryl alcohol, phenols, fatty alcohols, or glycerides; copolymers based on maleic anhydride including propylene maleic anhydride, styrene maleic anhydride, ethylene maleic anhydride, or butyl acrylate styrene; homopolymers including polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyacrylonitrile; polyethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; diethylene glycol; or combinations thereof.
6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises one or more excipient(s).
7. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation and one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation.
8. An anti-dandruff formulation for textiles comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
9. An anti-dandruff cosmetic hair formulation comprising: (a) an anti-dandruff agent in a range of 1% w/w to 20% w/w of the formulation; (b) one or more humectant(s) in a range of 5% w/w to 40% w/w of the formulation; (c) one or more encapsulant(s) in a range of 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the formulation; (d) an emulsifier in a range of 1% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; (e) a dispersant in a range of 0.5% w/w to 5% w/w of the formulation; and (f) one or more foam suppressant(s) in a range of 0.1% w/w to 1% w/w of the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are dispersed in the formulation.
10. A method of preparation of an anti-dandruff formulation comprising the steps of: (a) mixing an anti-dandruff agent and one or more humectant(s); (b) mixing one or more encapsulant(s) and emulsifier in a solvent and adding the mixture of step (a) into the solvent; (c) agitating the mixture at high speeds to microencapsulate the anti-dandruff agent in a slurry; (d) curing the slurry at temperatures between 50°C to 90°C; and (e) cooling the cured slurry to give the formulation; wherein the anti-dandruff agent is microencapsulated to give microcapsules and the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the formulation.