FIELD OF INVENTION:

The present invention relates to an anti-evaporotranspiration agent and/or anti-evaporotranspiration composition. The invention also provides a method of reducing transpiration in plants for increasing the resistance of plants to undue transpiration (loss of water, desiccation, dehydration) and damage caused by drought, sun, wind, failure to timely water or irrigate, and other non-freezing dehydrating conditions.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION:

Transpiration is the loss of water from plants. It occurs chiefly at the leaves while their stomata are open for the passage of C02 and 02 during photosynthesis. Transpiration pulls water up from the roots to supply photosynthesis (1%-2% of the total), brings minerals from the roots for biosynthesis within the leaf and cools the leaf. But transpiration is regarded as an unavoidable evil. Unavoidable because of leaf structure and evil because it often produces water deficit and injury by dehydration. Millions of plants die every year because the transpiration exceeds the amount of water absorbed by the plants through roots. Transpiration helps in growth, development and turgor maintenance. It also helps in water absorption, cooling of the leaves and to some extent in salt uptake, however, these processes can occur without transpiration. Unfortunately a leaf structure favourable for entrance of carbon dioxide is also favourable for loss of water through transpiration. Thus, stomatal transpiration will always accurs whenever, stomata are open for gaseous exchange which is essential for carrying out photosynthesis and respiration. The two can not be separated normally and therefore, transpiration has been called as an unavoidable evil.

In recent years, efforts have been made to find out the substance, when applied to plants can reduce transpiration without much effect on CO2 fixation. Thus, the substances which are able to reduce transpiration are called anti-transpirants. Antitranspirants are compounds applied to the leaves of plants to reduce transpiration. They are used on Christmas trees, cut flowers, newly transplanted shrubs, and in other applications to preserve and protect plants from drying out too quickly. They have also been reportedly used to protect leaves from sun burn and fungal diseases. Depending on the mode of action anti-transpirants are divided in to metabolic inhibitors and film forming type.

PRIOR ART:

US 3,826,671 discloses a method for controlling transpiration in plants, which comprises: applying to the plant surface an emulsion composition comprising, by weight, from about 5 percent to about 50 percent polyethylene, from about 2 percent to about 10 percent of an emulsifier, a minor proportion of wax based on the total weight of polymer and wax present, from about 5 percent to about 50 percent petrolatum based on the total weight of the wax phase, and water in an amount sufficient to form the emulsion.

US 4058409 discloses a film-forming anti-transpirant concentrate for plants selectively constituted of a homogeneous intermixture of emulsifiable oxidized polyethylenes having molecular weights in the range of from about 1000 to about 3400 and selectively constituted polyterpenes having molecular weights in the range of from about 270 to about 1800 for dilutable ambient temperature controllable application to plants to form long lived protective films of determinable thickness on the surface thereof.

US 4828602 discloses a method of increasing the resistance of plants to damage by non-freezing dehydrating conditions comprising applying to the plant surfaces at ambient non-freezing temperatures prior to significant damage by, and up to about 30 days prior to exposure to, such conditions an aqueous liquid containing, approximately by weight and as an essential active antitranspirant, 0.02% to 2.5% of one or a mixture of nonionic surface active polyethoxylated polyoxypropylene block copolymers having an average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 9,000 and a weight ratio of propylene oxide:ethylene oxide of about 9:1 to about 0.7:1.

US 4397681 discloses a foliar antitranspirant and methods of both reducing moisture loss from green plant tissues and of simultaneously treating leafy plant surfaces with incompatible materials are based on an emulsion of animal fat material and water. A surface active agent is included for emulsifying the animal fat material and the water;
and this surfactant possesses an hydrophile-lipophile balance number of from about 3 to about 13. Plant treatment materials may be individually incorporated in the oil phase, the water phase or both prior to spraying of the emulsion on plant surfaces.

US 4943315 discloses an agent for reducing transpiration in plants and for avoiding impairment to plants caused by heat and dry stress, comprising a synergistic mixture of at least one substituted acetylene compound and at least one substituted phenylbenzylurea.
From the prior art discussed above it is evident that anti-transpirants are typically film type anti-transpirant or metabolic anti-transpirants. Film type antitranspirants discussed above forms a film on leaves, thereby either blocking stomatal pores, or coating leaf epidermal cells with a water-proof film which results in reduced rates of photosynthesis and respiration of treated areas in plants. Metabolic anti-transpirants generally close stomata, thereby reducing the rate of transpiration. Further metabolic anti-transpirants are costly to produce and often exhibit phyto-toxic effects or inhibit plant growth. So there exists a need to develop an anti-transpirant composition which neither interfere with the metabolism of the plants nor affect the photosynthesis and respiration in plants.

Further US 6489269 disclose a plant-activating agent which effects no chemical injury on plant and which makes an activity of plant improve efficiently. The invention provides a method of activating a plant, which comprises treating the plant with a mono-alcohol having 12 to 24 carbon atoms as a plant-activating agent; optionally with a surfactant, a fertilizer component and/or a chelating agent.

US 6884759 disclose a plant-activating agent which can activate plants effectively and give a liquid preparation stable in storage for a long time. In this invention, (A) a C 12-19 mono-alcohol and (B) a C.20-30 mono-alcohol are used together with a surfactant, a fertilizer component and a chelating agent if necessary.

The patent '269 and 759 are relating to use of mono-alcohol as growth promoters The cited patent is only concerned with providing a plant activating composition for ensuring maximum intake of a fertilizer comprising a mono-alcohol having 12-24 carbon atoms alongwith a surfactant, a fertilizer component and a chelating agent assisting the promotion of taking root of a plant, increase of absorption efficiency of fertilizer etc. None of the prior art envisages the light reflecting ability of the mono-alcohols.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:

The object of the present invention is to arrive at a novel anti- evaporotranspiration agent.

Another object of the present invention is to arrive at a novel anti-evaporotranspiration composition.

Yet another object of the present invention is to use mono-alcohols and/or ethoxylated fatty alcohols along with fatty alcohol ether sulphates as main ingredients for preparing the anti- evaporotranspiration agent.

Yet another object of the present invention is to develop an anti-evaporotranspiration composition which neither interfere with the metabolism of the plants nor affect the photosynthesis and respiration in plants.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing transpiration in plants.

Yet another object of the present invention is to utilize the anti- evaporotranspiration agent and/or composition to prevent the factors facilitating loss of water via transpiration thereby reducing transpiration in plants.

Yet another object of the present invention is to prevent sun burns in plants.

Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce transpiration in plants by simply applying the anti-transpirant agent and/or composition on the surface without interfering with the metabolism of the plants.

Further object of the present invention is to treat the plant with anti-transpirant agent and/or composition by foliar application.

SUMMERY OF THE INVENTION:

The invention relates to an anti- evaporotranspiration agent and/or composition for reducing transpiration in plants. The anti- evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention comprises of ethoxylated fatty alcohols along with fatty alcohol ether sulphates as an anti-transpirant agent, ethoxylated caster oil as emulsifier, lime solution or calcium carbonate solution as neutralizer, sesame oil as stabilizer and water as diluent. The mode of action of the anti- evaporotranspiration composition, to reduce transpiration is through imparting a reflective layer/glossy character on the phyllosphere/surface of the leaf which facilitates the enhancement of the reflecting the light rays/radiant light energy that falls on the leaf surface/foliage thereby preventing the plant tissues from getting heated up which in turn indirectly helps the plants to optimize its water retention through reduced evaporation from foliage leading ultimately to maintain the Relative Water Content (RWC) of the plant cells.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

The anti- evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention is a new-generation, reflective-type, anti-stress, cum antitranspirant product based non-edible ethoxylated castor oil (cetyl and stearyl alcohols) that contains mixtures of mono alcohol with carbon atom ranging from C10 to C24 and fatty acids like, myristic acid, Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid etc.,

The anti- evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention which is an ethoxylated Castor Oil based product, is used as anti transpirant/anti-stress/thermic stress alleviator in the plant system by way of its unique mode of action. The mode of action is through its nature of imparting a reflective layer/glossy character on the phyllosphere/surface of the leaf. It facilitates the enhancement of the reflecting the light rays/radiant light energy that falls on the leaf surface/foliage. By reflecting a greater quantum of incident light/radiant energy which otherwise is going to heat up the plant tissues only. This property prevents the plant tissues from getting heated up which in turn indirectly helps the plants to optimize its water retention through reduced evaporation from foliage leading ultimately to maintain the Relative Water Content (RWC) of the plant cells.

In one of the preferred embodiment the present invention shall discloses an anti-evaporotranspiration agent which is an ethoxylated fatty alcohols with carbon atom ranging from C8 to C24,

In another preferred embodiment the present invention shall discloses an anti-evaporotranspiration composition comprising of ethoxylated fatty alcohols along with fatty alcohol ether sulphates as an anti-transpirant agent, ethoxylated caster oil as emulsifier, lime solution or calcium carbonate solution as neutralizer, sesame oil as stabilizer and water as a diluent.

In another preferred embodiment the present invention shall disclose the process of preparation of anti- evaporotranspiration composition comprising of

a. selecting more than one ethoxylated fatty alcohols having 8 to 24 carbon
atom,
b. sulphonating plurality of fatty alcohols with ethyleneoxide using sulphur
trioxide followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, ammonia or
alkanolamines to form fatty alcohol ether sulphates
c. emulsifying the ethoxylated fatty alcohols of step(a) and fatty alcohol ether
sulphates, of step (b) with ethoxylated caster oil to form acidic ethoxylated
castor oil based composition containing mixture of mono alcohol with carbon
atom ranging from C10 to C24 and fatty acids such as, myristic acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid,
d. neutralizing the solution with either lime solution or calcium carbonate
solution to increase the pH to around 6 and
e. Stabilizing the solution by adding sesame oil.

In accordance with the invention the process of preparing anti- evaporotranspiration composition shall include the step of addition of diluent such as water to the solution.

As per the present invention, the fatty alcohols are important raw materials deployed with the specificity for the function as surfactants and emulsifiers. This has been achieved not with selective pure fatty alcohols only, but through a combination of vegetable oils containing different fatty alcohols in different quantities enriched with selected pure fatty alcohols and it is ensured that only such of these vegetables oils , which mainly contribute for cetyl alcohol, sterile alcohol and lauryl alcohol and their combinations alone are selectively used. This is again achieved mainly through different treatments of castor oils to arrive at fatty alcohol derivatives like fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers through reaction of castor oil with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the presence of strong alkaline as catalyst to form polyglycol ethers and in addition sesame oil with less density and with mono alcohol content and also straight alcohol with C2 and C7 structure. Esters are primarily fatty alcohols and acids as contained in vegetable oils like castor oil. When caster oil is processed in the presence of alkaline catalysts like potassium hydroxide, polyglycol esters are produced.

The fatty alcohol polyglycol esters are the most important class of non-ionic surfactants, and this has been used in the composition of the present invention. All the linear fatty alcohol alcohols in surfactants , detergents and emulsifying agents contain the linear series varying between C8 and C18 and they are also alkoxylated. The major fatty alcohol ethoxylates , which are of great importance in the preparation are present as lauryl myristyl alcohol, lauryl cetyl alcohol, lauryl stearyl alcohol, ceto-stearyl alcohol, and oleyl cetyl alcohol. Fatty alcohol polyglycol esters as mentioned above, forms one of the important constituents of the composition of the present invention . Addition of ethylene oxide during the reaction of the mixture of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide attain its peak reaction at a temperature of 150° C - 160° C. Further greater heat is also generated through exothermic reaction, which is controlled through addition of cold water and constant stirring and when the reaction is completed, fatty alcohol polyglycol ester is the resultant product.

In addition .fatty alcohols are also sulphanated especially lauryl alcohol with 2-4 moles ethylene oxide, using sulphur trioxide and the reaction products are mainly neutralized with sodium hydroxide , ammonia or alkanolamines which results in fatty alcohol ether sulphates. These alkali salts are readily soluble in water , which is desired in the present product and these are also largely unaffected by the water hardness and possess superior compatibility with plant foliar surfaces with locally available water used in agriculture, irrespective of the hardness ,is again an unique point for the composition of the present invention. Therefore, the product of the present invention contains fatty alcohol ether salts/esters , especially sodium salts and alkanolamine salts which are again forms a constituent of the present composition, even though all these raw materials are not used as pure salts, but made to occur in the preparation through different connected reactions in the processing of the vegetable oils like castor oil sesame oil and the like combinations thereof, which form the main contents of the present composition but addition of pure chemical for of the contents are also adopted , but as an adjuvant.

According to the invention the ethoxylated fatty alcohols outsourced or alternatively prepared by reacting fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide in the presence of sodium hydroxide at appropriate manufacturing plants. Thus the resultant composition of the present invention further contains potassium sulphate or sodium sulphate in a minuscule quantity since NaOH or KOH is used as one of the ingredients to Fatty Alcohol during the ethoxylation process.

Castor oil contains fatty acids like Palmic acid, steric acid etc and when it is ethoxylated, it produces fatty acid esters.

Sesame oil does not contain oleic acid which is responsible for freezing the oils. Hence sesame is an very good antifreeze and used as a stabilizer in the composition of the present invention.

In accordance with the invention the anti- evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention further includes lactones and glycols which is obtained during the ethoxylation of fatty alcohols and castor oil.

As per the invention the addition of the neutralizers such as lime solution or calcium carbonate solution is only to neutralize the acidic ethoxylated castor oil based product and not used as nutrient or fertilizer to plant as the invention is aimed at to reduce the transpiration in plants and not for improving plant growth by providing supplements.

In another preferred embodiment the present invention shall discloses an anti-transpirant composition comprising of 20% of ethoxylated fatty alcohol,including a portion of fatty alcohol ether sulphate, 5% of ethoxylate castor oil, 10% of neutralizer such as lime solution or calcium carbonate solution, 5% of sesame oil and 60% of water.

In another preferred embodiment the present invention shall disclose a method of protecting plants from transpiration in order to maintain and promote relative water content (RWC) in the plant tissues, thereby improving and maintaining the turgidity of the plant cells even during stress periods. The method involves preparing a solution comprising of anti-evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention with water and applying the solution to the canopy of the plant. As per the invention the composition is applied to the plant by using known conventional method selected from the group consisting of low volume sprayers high volume sprayers, micronisers as well as aerial spraying with synergistic characters which are normally used in spraying of foliar fertilizers, pesticides and the like.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the anti-transpirant composition can be compatible with most of the foliar pesticides. However, a jar test is recommended for compatibility before tank use.

As per the invention the anti- evaporotranspiration composition is normally sprayed in three stages during a plant's life cycle. The first stage is during vegetative phase, the second stage is during pre-flowering stage, and the last stage is one week before harvesting. It is applied over the canopy and need not to be applied to soil, root, sprouting leaf and during early stage of seed germination. By its unique mechanism of action, it helps not only in reducing the thermic stress in the leaf surface through its reflective property but also in reducing the water stress by reducing the water loss and maintaining the Relative Water Content (RWC) in the plant tissues which ultimately helps to maintain the turgidity of the plant cells in particular and the plant system as a whole. This property indirectly optimizes the entire functionality of the plants physiological biochemical process/activities connected with the anabolic process namely photosynthesis, translocation of photosynthesis, storage of food reserves and controls the catabolic process like respiration and thereby saving the energy loss so that the plant can withstand the abiotic stress situation ultimately leading to plant health improvement.

To observe the efficacy of the formulated anti- evaporotranspiration composition of the present invention, plants are treated with recommended amount of the anti-transpirant composition. To understand the efficacy of the anti-transpirant composition, parameters like colour formation, fire blight, freshness and chlorophyll ratio were observed for apples cultivated in turkey. Twenty eight days after treatment it was found that the colour formation is very good, fire blight wasn't observed, fruits are fresh and alive looking and chlorophyll ratio is very high compared with untreated ones.

Thus the composition of the present invention is an anti-evaporotranspiration agent for crop, as a foliage spray over a plant and it is claimed that it is achieved by it's reflective nature and consequently assists in maintaining and promoting relative water content (RWC) in the plant tissues, thereby improving and maintaining the turgidity of the plant cells even during stress periods.

The anti-transpirant composition of the present invention allows normal stomatic activities, does not interfere with photosynthesis and will effectively reduce transpiration from approximately 35 to 40 %. Although the coating permits unrestricted photosynthesis, it will not wash off when exposed to normal rainfall conditions. The composition is non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly.

As per the invention the anit-transpirant composition can be applied to the plants selected from the group consisting of cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, bitter gourd, brinjal, broccoli, grape and onion.

Examples :

Various crops treated with the anti-evaporotranspirant composition of the present invention and results obtained in comparison with untreated ones are elaborated in the following examples.

Examples:
Example 1: Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage Cultivation:

The formulated composition as per the invention sprayed at different concentration viz, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml / lit in Cabbage field to find its efficacy at Kembanur (Coimbatore) area during January 2010 to April 2010. Three Sprays of formulated composition made at an interval of 15 days, starting from first weeding stage (30 days old). The Concentration of the formulated composition @ 2.0 ml/lit and 3.0 ml/ lit was found to be highly effective than the control field. The maximum head yield of (33986 kg/acre) was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field where as in control field the yield was recorded (29657 kg/acre) The maximum income was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. IRS, 373850 /acre and the minimum was in control field which recorded an income of IRS, 326229 / acre.. The detailed experimental data is as follows

Crop Name Cabbage (Brassica sp)
Crop Variety Queen Star Hybrid
Farmer Name& Address Naveen Kumar
Kembanur,
Thondamuthur (Taluk)
Coimbatore (District)
TamilNadu
Objectives To Study the Effect of anti-
evaporotranspiration
composition of the present invention on
Cabbage yield.
Trial Location Kembanur (Thondamuthur)
Seasons January - 2010 to April -2010
Crop Duration 105 days (Seed to Head maturation)
Seed rate & Spacing 200gms/acre
Sowing Method Transplantation type
Date of Transplanting 18-01-2010 (20 days old Nursery Crop)
Fertilization N 30kg + P 20kg + K 30kg applied/ acre

Table 1 :

Soil type texture and pH Red loamy Soil, (6.00 to 7.00)
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 45 m2 X 150.0 m2 area (6750 m2)
No of Plants per Row 510 to 520 Plants
Irrigation Type Drip Irrigation
Number of Replication Two
No of Foliar Spray given Three
Intervals between the irrigations : 5 to 7 days
Intervals between the
Two Foliar spray 15 days
Date of Foliar Spray given 28-01-2010-First Foliar Spray (30th day)
13-02-2010-Second Foliar Spray (45th day)
01-03-2010-Third Foliar Spray (61st day)
Application Method Required quantity of anti-
evaporotranspiration composition of the
present invention
30ml mixed in 10 liters of water and
Sprayed in Cabbage field with the help of
Hand Sprayer.
Sprayer Nozzle Type Hand Operate Sprayer
NMD/S Duro Mist Spray Nozzle
Discharge in 450 cc/min
Spray angle 80
Pressure: 3kg/cm2
43.5 Lbs/Inch2

Treatment:
Table 2:

Table 3

**- Mean value of 25 Cabbage heads

Table 4

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage

**- Mean value of 25 Cabbage heads

Table 5

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage

**- Mean value of 25 Cabbage heads

Table 6

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Chlorophyll Content in Cabbage Leaves in mg/g

Table 6A

Effect of composition as per the invention on RWC, Transpiration rate and light reflection in Cabbage

Table 7

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage Yield.

*-Mean value of 25 Cabbage heads

**_ Mean value of Five (1 m2 area) plots

Note: 1 acre = 4046.86 m2 area

Avg Sale Prize of Cabbage: IRS: 11/kg (Mettupalayam Market Rate)

Results:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage (Leaf Canopy):

The cabbage crop treated with different concentration of the formulated composition exhibited positive response with reference to Leaf Canopy. In T3 -3.0ml/lit treatment the leaf Canopy was recorded 52.29 cm2, followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 51.37 cm2 which was better than the untreated control recorded 47.10 cm2.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage (Number of Leaves/plant):

The cabbage crop treated with different concentration of the formulated composition exhibited positive response with reference to number of Leaves/plant. In T3 - 3.0ml/lit treated field, the highest number of leaves/plant was recorded 22.88 nos and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 21.94 nos which was better than the (T4) Untreated control recorded 20.49 nos.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage (Leaf area):

After Three Foliar Spray, the Cabbage crop treated with formulated composition, (T3)-3.0ml/lit the Leaf area was recorded 381.96 cm, and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 370.53 cm compare to untreated control recorded 338.31 cm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Chlorophyll Content in Cabbage:

After Three Foliar Spray, the Cabbage crop treated with formulated composition_ (T3)-3.0ml/lit the Total Chlorophyll content in leaf was recorded 1.89 mg g- 1, followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 1.75 mg g-1 compare to untreated control recorded 1.43 mgg- 1.

Effect of composition as per the invention on RWC, Transpiration rate and light reflection in Cabbage:

In this study, it has been noticed that there is a significant increase in the total reflected light (600 u moles m"2 s"1), % percentage of reflected light (50.3%) followed with significant increase in the relative water content (61.11%) coupled with significant decrease in the transpirataion rate (16.15 ug cm'2 s"1) in formulated composition (3 ml/lit) treated plants as compared to the untreated control plants (440 u moles m- 2 s-1 1.30 %, 59.66% and 26.60 ug cm'2 S-1 respectively

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cabbage Yield:

The yield data on analysis found to be very significant. Highest Cabbage Head of 8.40 kg/1 m2 area were recorded in formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit followed by 2.0 ml/lit (yield 7.68 kg/1 m2 area) and untreated control recorded (7.33 kg/1 m2 area).

When the data transformed to Cabbage yields/acre and compared to untreated control the formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit recorded an increase yield of 33986 kg/acre followed by 2.0ml/lit recorded yield of 31073 kg/acre but the untreated control field recorded 29657 kg/acre.

Phototoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of formulated composition treatment was assessed by recording visual observation on Cabbage plants in each replication regularly up to the end of crop growth season. All the treatments did not cause any visual Phytotoxicity symptoms in Cabbage at recommended dosage of formulated composition.
Cost Benefit Ratio Table 8:

Note:

1. Cost of Cultivation: Rs 76000/acre by Stanes practice
2. Cost of Cultivation: Rs 73000/acre by Farmer practice (untreated control)

Conclusion:

Thus from the above results it is clearly seen that the formulated anti-evaporotranspiration composition applied for Three times has provided highest Head Yield on Cabbage crop @ 3.0ml/lit and 2.0 ml/lit of water dose, while other treatments gave comparatively low yield. The Cabbage is bright, shiny, with excellent quality and is big in size. These treatments gave higher yields over untreated control. No Phytotoxicity was observed in the above treatments.

From this trial it was observed that application of formulated composition @ 3.0 ml/lit of water recorded higher Yield and better quality.
Example 2: Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower yield.

The composition as per the invention is sprayed at different concentration viz, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml / lit in Cabbage field to find its efficacy at Karadimadai (Coimbatore) area during January 2011 to April 2011. Five Sprays of formulated composition made at an interval of 10 days, starting from first weeding stage (16 days old). The Concentration of formulated composition @ 2.0 ml/lit and 3.0 ml/ lit was found to be highly effective in Cauliflower Plant height, Single Flower weight and yield was better than the control field. The maximum Cauliflower yield of (21000 kg/acre) was recorded in concentration @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field where as in control field the yield was recorded (18500 kg/acre) The maximum an income was recorded in concentration @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. IRS, 252000 /acre and the minimum was in control field which recorded an income of IRS, 166800 / acre. The detailed experimental data is as follows.

Crop Name Cauliflower (Brassica sp.)
Farmer Name& Address Aruchamy,
Thekku thottam,
Karadimadai,
Mathipalayam (Post)
Coimbatore (Dt)
Contact Phone Number 9788448107
Objectives To Study the Efficacy of composition as
per the invention on Cauliflower yield.
Trial Location Karadimadai
Seasons January 2011 to March 2011.
Crop Variety Namdhari Hybrid No-127
Crop Duration 75 days
Seed rate & Spacing 100gms/acre (40cmx40cm)
Sowing Method Transplantation
Fertilization Farmer Recommendation
Soil type texture and pH Black Clay Soil, Neutral
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 1.0 acre
No of Plants per Row 23 plants
Number of Replication Two

Treatment:
Table 9

Application Method: Required quantity of formulated composition
30ml mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed in Cauliflower field with the help of Power Sprayer.
Type of Sprayer Used: Power Sprayer
(H-801 Motorized Knapsack Mistblower cum Duster Type)
Discharge Volume: 0.3-1.5 L/min
Minimum Air Velocity: 60 m/s
Nozzle Type Mist Nozzle (ZX-01B)
Orifice (mm): 0.40
Flow rate : 0.3 (L/m)
Pressure : 145 (PSI)
Obesrvations 1. Morphological Parameters
(Plant Height, Leaf Canopy, Number of
Leaves/plant and Leaf area)
2. Biochemical Parameters:
♠ Total Chlorophyll content in Leaves
♠ Carbohydrate content In Leaves
♠ Total Starch content in Leaves
♠ Total Free Amino acid content in leaves
♠ Total Soluble Protein Content in Leaves

3. Macro and Micro Nutrient Content in Cauliflower Leaf (N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn & Cu)
4. Cauliflower Head Yield and Income
5. Phytotoxicity

Table 10

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower Cultivation.

Tabel-11:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower Cultivation.

Table 12

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower Cultivation.

Tabel-13:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Transpiration Rate in Cauliflower

Table 14

Effect of composition as per the invention on Chlorophyll content of Cauliflower

Table 15

Effect of composition as per the invention on Carbohydrate content of Cauliflower.
Table 16

Effect of composition as per the invention on Starch content of Cauliflower.

Table 17

Effect of composition as per the invention on Amino acid Content of Cauliflower

Table 18

Effect of composition as per the invention on Protein Content of Cauliflower

Table 19

Effect of composition as per the invention on Nitrogen Content of Cauliflower

Table 20

Effect of composition as per the invention on Phosphorus content of Cauliflower

Table 21

Effect of composition as per the invention on Potassium content of Cauliflower

Table 22

Effect of composition as per the invention on Iron content of Cauliflower

Table 23

Effect of composition as per the invention on Zinc content of Cauliflower

Table 24

Effect of composition as per the invention on Copper content of Cauliflower

Table 25

Effect of composition as per the invention on Manganese content of Cauliflower

Table 26

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower Yield.

*- Mean value of 50 Cauliflower
**_ Mean value of Five plots (1cent)
Note: 1 acre = 4046.86 m2 area or 100 cents
Avg Sale Prize of Cauliflower: IRS: 12/kg (Pooluvapatti Market Rate)

Results

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower growth (Plant Height):

After Five Foliar Spray, the Cauliflower crop treated with formulated composition (T3)-3.0ml/lit recorded a highest plant height of 55.4 cm, followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 53.08cm and 41.12cm (Control).

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower (Number of Leaves/plant):

The Cauliflower crop treated with different concentration of composition as per the invention exhibited positive response with reference to number of Leaves/plant. In T3 - 3.0ml/lit treated field, the highest number of leaves/plant was recorded 21.8 nos and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 19.6 nos which was better than the (T4) Untreated control recorded 16.6 nos.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower (Leaf area): After Five Foliar Spray, the Cauliflower crop treated with composition as per the invention (T3)-3.0ml/lit the Leaf area was recorded 642.0 cm, and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 589.6 cm compare to untreated control recorded 531.6 cm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Transpiration Rate in Cauliflower: After Five Foliar Spray, the Cauliflower crop treated with composition as per the invention (T3)-3.0ml/lit the The Average Transpiration Rate in leaf was recorded 19.1 ug cm-2 s-2 , followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 21.2 μg cm-2 s-2 compare to untreated control recorded 37.3 ug cm-2 s-2

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Chlorophyll Content in
Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray, the Cauliflower crop treated with composition as per the
invention (T3)-3.0ml/lit the Total Chlorophyll content in leaf was recorded 11.8 ppm,
followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 11.75 ppm compare to untreated control recorded 10.5
ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Carbohydrate Content in Cauliflower: It is very interesting to note that formulated composition (T3) 3.0 ml/lit recorded high Carbohydrate content in Cauliflower Leaf i.e. 133.80 ppm followed by (T2) 2.0ml/lit 127.6 ppm Carbohydrate content over untreated control recorded 120.6 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total soluble Starch content in
Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray, Highest total Soluble Starch Content of 37.8 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 32.4 ppm and untreated control recorded 25.6 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Free Amino acid Content in
Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray, The maximum total Free Amino Acid content of 23.08 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 20.03 ppm compare to untreated control 15.9 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Total soluble Protein Content in
Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray, the maximum total soluble protein content of 22.6 ppm was
recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by
T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 20.9 ppm and minimum was in untreated control 17.0 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Nitrogen Content in Cauliflower: The maximum Nitrogen content 5796.6 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 5467.4 ppm and untreated control recorded 4985.2 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Phosphorus Content in Cauliflower:

The maximum Phosphorus content 4862.2 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 4639.4 ppm and untreated control recorded 4179.8 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Potassium Content in Cauliflower: After Five Foliar Spray , The maximum Potassium content 9055 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 8640.4ppm and untreated control recorded 7833.2 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Zinc Content in Cauliflower: The maximum Zinc content 185.8 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 171.4 ppm and untreated control recorded 135.4 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Ferrous content in Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray , the maximum Ferrous content 882.2 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 832.8 ppm and untreated control recorded 699.6 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Manganese Content in Cauliflower:

The maximum Manganese content 397.2 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 366.2 ppm Where as in an untreated control recorded 317.8 ppm.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Copper Content in Cauliflower:

After Five Foliar Spray , The maximum Copper content 427 ppm was recorded in formulated composition T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Cauliflower leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 411 ppm and untreated control recorded 368 ppm

Effect of composition as per the invention on Cauliflower Yield:

The yield data on analysis found to be very significant. Highest Cauliflower Head of
210 kg/1 cent area were recorded in dosage of 3.0 ml/lit followed by 2.0 ml/lit 185
kg/1 cent area and untreated control recorded (139 kg/1 cent area).
When the data transformed to Cauliflower yields/acre and compared to untreated
control the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit recorded an increase yield of 21000 kg/acre followed
by 2.0ml/lit recorded 18500 kg/acre but the untreated control field recorded 13900
kg/acre.

PHYTOTOXICITY:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition treatment was assessed by recording visual observation on Cauliflower plants in each replication regularly up to the end of crop growth season. All the treatments did not cause any visual Phytotoxicity symptoms in Cauliflower at recommended dosage.

Cost Benefit Ratio

Table 27

Note:
3. Cost of Cultivation: Rs 66500/acre by Stanes practice
4. Cost of Cultivation: Rs65500/acre by Farmer practice (untreated control)

CONCLUSION:

Thus from the above results it is clearly seen that the formulated composition () applied for Five times has provided highest Head Yield on Cauliflower crop @ 3.0ml/lit and 2.0 ml/lit of water dose, while other treatments gave comparatively low yield. The Cauliflower is bright, shiny, with excellent quality and is big in size. These treatments gave higher yields over untreated control. No Phytotoxicity was observed in the above treatments.

From this trial it was observed that application of composition as per the invention @ 3.0 ml/lit of water recorded higher Yield and better quality.

Table 28:

Example 3: Effect of composition as per the invention (New formulation) on Tomato
The formulated composition as per the invention is sprayed at different concentration viz, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml / lit in Tomato field to find its efficacy at Thondamuthur (Coimbatore) area during October 2010 to March 2011. Four Sprays of the formulated composition as made at an interval of 15 days, starting from first weeding stage (25 days old). The Concentration of formulated composition @ 2.0 ml/lit and 3.0 ml/ lit was found to be highly effective in Tomato Plant height, Number of Fruits, Single fruit weight, Fruit yield/plant and income was better than the control field. The maximum Fruit yield of (14600kg/acre) was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field where as in control field the yield was recorded (13300 kg/acre) The maximum an income was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. IRS, 306600 /acre and the minimum was in control field which recorded an income of IRS, 249900 / acre. The detailed experimental data is as follows.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato yield.

Table 29:

Crop Name Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Farmer Name& Address Subramani,
Vaikal Vali thottam,
Thondamuthur (Taluk)
Coimbatore (Dt)
Objectives To
Study the Bio Efficacy of composition as per the invention (New formulation) on Tomato yield.
Trial Location Thondamuthur
Seasons Octoberer 2010 to December 2010.
Crop Variety Lakhsmi 5005 (Hybrid)
Crop Duration 115 days
Seed rate & Spacing 100gms/acre (60cmx 60cm)
Sowing Method Transplantation
Fertilization Farmer Recommendation
Soil type texture and pH Black Clay Soil, Neutral
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 20m x 3m
(60cm x 60 cm)
No of Plants per Row 15 plants
Number of Replication Two

Treatment:

Table 30

Application Method Required quantity of composition as
per the invention (New formulation) 30ml mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed in Tomato field with the help of Power Sprayer.
Type of Sprayer Used Power Sprayer
(H-801 Motorized Knapsack Mistblower cum Duster Type)
Discharge Volume: 0.3-1.5 L/min Minimum Air Velocity: 60 m/s
Nozzle Type Mist Nozzle (ZX-01B)
Orifice (mm) : 0.40
Flow rate : 0.3 (L/m)
Pressure : 145 (PSI)
Obesrvations 1. Morphological Parameters
(Plant Height, Leaf Canopy, Number of Leaves/plant and Leaf area) 2. Biochemical Parameters:
♠ Total Chlorophyll content in Leaves
♠ Carbohydrate content in Leaves
♠ Total Starch content in Leaves
♠ Total Free Amino acid content in leaves
♠ Total Soluble Protein Content in Leaves
3. Macro and Micro Nutrient Content
in Tomato Leaf (N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn & Cu)
4. Tomato Fruit Yield and Income
5. Phytotoxicity

Table 31
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 32
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 33
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 33
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 35
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 36
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 37
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 39
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 40
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 41
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 42
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 43
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Table 44
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultitvation.

Tabel-45:
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultivation.

Tabel-46:
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Cultivation.

Tabel-47:
Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Yield.

*- Mean value of 50 Tomato Fruits
**_ Mean value of Five plots (1cent)
Note: 1 acre = 4046.86 m2 area or 100 cents
Avg Sale Prize of Tomato: IRS: 21/kg (Thondamuthur Market Rate)

Results

1) Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato growth (Plant Height): After Four Foliar Spray, the Tomato crop treated with the formulated composition at dosage of (T3)-3.0ml/lit recorded a highest plant height of 114.5 cm, followed by (T2)-2.0m1/lit 103.5 cm and 95.3 cm (Control).

2) Efficacy of composition as per the invention on Tomato (Number of
Branches/plant):

The Tomato crop treated with different concentration of the formulated composition exhibited positive response with reference to number of Branches/plant. In T3 -3.0ml/lit treated field, the highest number of Branches/plant was recorded 9.6 nos and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 7.8 nos which was better than the (T4) Untreated control recorded 6.0 nos.

3) Efficacy of composition as per the invention on Tomato (Number of flowers/plant): The Tomato crop treated with different concentration of the formulated composition exhibited positive response with reference to number of flowers/plant. In T3 -3.0ml/lit treated field, the highest number of flowers/plant was recorded 62.0 nos and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 57.6 nos which was better than the (T4) Untreated control recorded 49.8 nos.

4) Efficacy of composition as per the invention on Tomato (Number of fruits/plant):
The Tomato crop treated with different concentration of the formulated composition exhibited positive response with reference to number of fruits/plant. In T3 - 3.0ml/lit treated field, the highest number of fruits/plant was recorded 39.6 nos and (T2)-2.0ml/lit recorded 35.0 nos which was better than the (T4) Untreated control recorded 30.8 nos.

5) Effect of composition as per the invention on Nitrogen Content in Tomato:
The maximum Nitrogen content 5498.7 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 5086 ppm and untreated control recorded 4304.7 ppm.

6) Effect of composition as per the invention on Phosphorus Content in Tomato: The maximum Phosphorus content 4076.2 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 3782.7 ppm and untreated control recorded 3219.7 ppm.

7) Effect of composition as per the invention on Potassium Content in Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray , The maximum Potassium content 7843 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 7683.2 ppm and untreated control recorded 7374.0ppm.

8) Effect of composition as per the invention on Zinc Content in Tomato:

The maximum Zinc content 261.3 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 224.5 ppm and untreated control recorded
171.8 ppm.

9) Effect of composition as per the invention on Ferrous content in Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray , the maximum Ferrous content 1225 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 1121.5 ppm and untreated control recorded 950.5 ppm.

10) Effect of composition as per the invention on Manganese Content in Tomato: The maximum Manganese content 215.6 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 224.5 ppm Where as in an untreated control recorded 171.8 ppm.

11) Effect of composition as per the invention on Copper Content in Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray , The maximum Copper content 412.6 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded
368.9 ppm and untreated control recorded 310.3 ppm

12) Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Chlorophyll Content in
Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray, the Tomato crop treated with (T3)-3.0ml/lit the Total Chlorophyll content in leaf was recorded 12.6 ppm, followed by (T2)-2.0ml/lit 11.6 ppm compare to untreated control recorded 10.8 ppm.

13) Effect of composition as per the invention on Carbohydrate Content in Tomato:

It is very interesting to note that (T3) 3.0 ml/lit recorded high Carbohydrate content in Tomato Leaf i.e. 124.5 ppm followed by (T2) 2.0ml/lit 120.1 Carbohydrate content over untreated control recorded 112.6 ppm.

14) Effect of composition as per the invention on Total soluble Starch content in
Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray, Highest total Soluble Starch Content of 24.7 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by its lower dose T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 23.1 ppm and untreated control recorded 19.5 ppm.

15) Effect of composition as per the invention on Total Free Amino acid Content in
Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray, The maximum total Free Amino Acid content of 13.9 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 12.8 ppm compare to untreated control 10.3 ppm.

16) Effect of composition as per the invention on Total soluble Protein Content in
Tomato:

After Four Foliar Spray, the maximum total soluble protein content of 18.8 ppm was recorded in T3-3.0 ml/lit treated Tomato leaf followed by T2-2.0 ml/lit recorded 17.1 ppm and minimum was in untreated control 14.2 ppm.

17) Effect of composition as per the invention on Tomato Yield:

The yield data on analysis found to be very significant. Highest Tomato Fruit yield of
146 kg/ plot area were recorded in dosage of 3.0 ml/lit followed by 2.0 ml/lit 133
kg/plot area and untreated control recorded (119 kg/plot area).

When the data transformed to Tomato yields/acre and compared to untreated control
the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit recorded an increase yield of 14600 kg/acre followed by
2.0ml/lit recorded 13300 kg/acre but the untreated control field recorded 249900
kg/acre.

PHYTOTOXICITY:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition treatment was assessed by recording visual observation on Tomato plants in each replication regularly up to the end of crop growth season. All the treatments did not cause any visual Phytotoxicity symptoms in Tomato Crop at recommended dosage.

Table 48

Note:

5. Cost of Cultivation: Rs 76000/acre by Stanes practice
6. Cost of Cultivation: Rs 73000/acre by Farmer practice (untreated control)

Conclusion:

Thus from the above results it is clearly seen that the formulated composition applied for Four times has provided highest Fruit Yield on Tomato crop @ 3.0ml/lit and 2.0 ml/lit of water dose, while other treatments gave comparatively low yield. The Tomato is bright, shiny, with excellent quality and is big in size. These treatments gave higher yields over untreated control. No Phytotoxicity was observed in the above treatments.

From this trial it was observed that application of composition as per the invention @ 3.0 ml/lit of water recorded higher Yield and better quality.

Example 4: Effect of composition as per the invention on Bitter Gourd yield

Field Evaluation Study of the formulated composition was conducted on Bitter gourd crop growth and yield Parameter at Thondamuthur, Coimbatore area during January 2009 to April 2009. In general, the composition as per the invention as a Foliar Spray rate of 3.0 ml/ liter of water improved the plant growth, No of fruits, Fruit weight, and yield. The maximum fruit yield of (10160 kg/acre) was recorded in the formulated composition @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field compare to control field recorded (8830 kg/acre) The maximum income was observed in the formulated composition @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. Rs 142240 /acre compare to control field recorded income of Rs 123620 / acre. The detailed experimental data is as follows.

Crop Name Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Farmer Name& Address Jesu Raja
Veerakeralam
Vedapatti,
Thondamuthur (Taluk)
Coimbatore (Dt)
Objectives To Study the Bio Efficacy of composition as
per the invention on Bitter gourd yield.
Trial Location Thondamuthur
Seasons January 2009 to April 2009
Crop Variety Namdhari Hybrid
Crop Duration 120 days
Seed rate & Spacing 2.0 Kgs/acre (1.5 m X 1.5 m)
Sowing Method Direct Seed Sowing
Pit size 45 cm
Fertilization N 10kg + P 30kg + K 30kg applied/ acre

Table 49

Soil type texture and pH Black Clay Soil, Neutral
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Trial Plot size and spacing : 40m x 3.5m (1.5 m x 1.5m)
No of Plants per Row 15 plants
Number of Replication Two

Table 50

Application Method Required quantity of composition as per the
invention
30ml mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed in Bitter gourd field with the help of Power Sprayer.
Type of Sprayer Used Power Sprayer
(H-801 Motorized Knapsack Mistblower cum Duster Type)
Discharge Volume: 0.3-1.5 L/min Minimum Air Velocity: 60 m/s
Nozzle Type Mist Nozzle (ZX-01B)
Orifice (mm) : 0.40
Flow rate : 0.3 (L/m)
Pressure: 145 (PSI)
Obesrvations 1. Phytotoxicity
2. Yield
3. Income

Table No-51:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Bitter gourd Yield.

Season: January 2009 to April 2009

Field Place: Thondamuthur.Coimbatore,

Table No-52:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Bitter gourd Yield.

Season: January 2009 to April 2009

Field Place: Thondamuthur.Coimbatore,

Sale Prize of Bitter gourd: Rs 14.00/kg

Result:

Bitter gourd yield:

Maximum length of the Bitter gourd fruit (25.9 cm) was found with the formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit treatment followed by 25.1cm & 21.0 cm length size fruits was recorded respectively in the dosage of 2.0ml/lit and 1.0 ml/lit as against control (Farmer Practice) field recorded just 23.9 cm length fruit.

Highest Bitter gourd yield of 305 kg/plot was recorded in the formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit treatment followed by 2.0 ml/lit (285 kg/plot) and untreated control recorded (265 kg/plot).

The dosage of 3.0 ml/lit treatment recorded an increase yield of 10160 kg/acre followed by 2.0 ml/lit concentration recorded 9500 kg/acre But the untreated control field recorded 8830 kg/acre.

In Bitter gourd Crop, no of flowers/ plant, no of fruits/plant, and yield was significantly higher in all the treatments field as compared to control (Farmer practice) field. Among all Concentration, the optimum dosage found to be 3.0 ml/lit.

It is very interesting to note that 3.0 ml/lit treatment recorded a higher income over untreated control (Farmer Practice) which recorded income Rs 123620/ only.
Phytotoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition, treatment was assessed by recording visual observations like injury to leaf tip and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis etc, No Phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded in any of the treatment.

Example 5: Effect of composition as per the invention on Brinjal Cultivation

composition as per the invention sprayed at different concentration viz, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml / lit in Brinjal field to find its efficacy at Narasipuram area during February 2009 to August 2009. Three Foliar Sprays of composition as per the invention made at an interval of 15 days, starting from flowering stage of the Brinjal Crop. The Concentration of composition as per the invention @ 2.0 ml/lit and 3.0 ml/ lit treatment were highly effective in Brinjal Plant height, No of fruits per plant, Fruit weight and yield is better than the control field. The maximum fruit yield of (21300 kg/acre) was recorded in composition as per the invention @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field compare to control field recorded (17400 kg/acre) The maximum income was observed in composition as per the invention @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. Rs 2,55600 /acre compare to control field recorded income of Rs 208800 / acre.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Brinjal Cultivation

Crop Name Brinjal (Solarium melongena L.)
Farmer Name& Address Ramasamy
Narasipuram road, Boluvampatti,
Thondamuthur (Taluk) Coimbatore (Dt)
Objectives To Study the Effect of
The composition as per the invention on Brinjal yield.
Trial Location Narasipuram,
Seasons February 2009 to August 2009
Crop Variety CVK (Local varikkathri Blue)
Crop Duration 190 days
Seed rate & Spacing 250gms/acre (60cmx 60cm)
Sowing Method Transplantation
Fertilization N 50kg + P 30kg + K 30kg applied/ acre

Table 53

Soil type texture and pH Black Clay Soil, (6.00 to 7.00)
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 10 m2 X 4.5 m2 area (45 m2)
No of Plants per Row 8 Plants
Number of Replication Two
No of Foliar Spray given Three
Intervals between the irrigations : 7 to 10 days
Intervals between the
Two Foliar spray 15 days
Application Method Required quantity of the formulated
composition
30ml mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed on Brinjal field with the help of Power Sprayer.
Type of Sprayer Used Power Sprayer
(H-801 Motorized Knapsack Mistblower cum Duster Type)
Discharge Volume: 0.3-1.5 L/min Minimum Air Velocity: 60 m/s
Nozzle Type Mist Nozzle (ZX-01B)
Orifice (mm) : 0.40
Flow rate : 0.3 (L/m)
Pressure: 145 (PSI)
Obesrvations 1. Plant Height
2. Yield
3. Income

Effect of composition as per the invention ( GM) on Brinjal Yield. Season: February 2009 to August 2009 Field Place: Narasipuram .Coimbatore,

Table54:

Effect of composition as per the invention on Brinjal Yield.

Season: February 2009 to August 2009

Field Place: Narasipuram.Coimbatore,

Table 55

Sale Prize of Brinjal: Rs 12.00/kg

Results:

Effect of the composition as per the invention on Brinjal Plant height The maximum plant height of 122 cm was recorded in the dosage of 3.0 ml/Lit followed by 2.0ml/lit (118 cm) where as control (Farmer Practice) field recorded 104 cm of plant height

Effect of composition as per the invention on number of fruits Maximum number of Brinjal fruits observed in the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit concentration (42 fruits/plant) followed by 2.0 ml/lit ( 39 fruits ) and 1.0 ml/lit ( 34 fruits) as against control (Farmer Practice) which was recorded 30 fruits / plant.

Effect of composition as per the invention on Brinjal Yield: Highest Brinjal yield of 213 kg/plot was recorded in composition as per the invention 3.0 ml/lit followed by composition as per the invention 2.0 ml/lit treatment recorded 208 kg/plot and untreated control recorded (174kg/plot).

The formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit treatment recorded an increased yield of 21300 kg/acre followed by composition as per the invention 2.0ml/lit (20800 kg/acre) where as untreated control field recorded 17400 kg/acre.

No Phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded in any of treatment, based on the observations like injury to leaf tip and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis etc,

Economics

It is very interesting to note that the formulated composition at the dosage of 3.0 ml/lit treatment recorded a higher income of Rs2,55 600/acre followed by 2.0ml/lit recorded income of Rs 2,49 600/acre income over untreated control (Farmer Practice) recorded income of Rs 2,08 800/ only.

Example 6: Efficacy of composition as per the invention in Broccoli Cultivation

Crop Name Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)
Farmer Name Balamurugan,
Kuggaldurai,
Masakkal,
Kotagiri (Taluk)
Nilgiris (District)
Objectives To Study the Efficacy of the formulated
composition in Broccoli Cultivation.
Trial Location Kuggaldurai
Seasons March - 2009 to May -2009
Crop Variety Namdhari Variety
Duration of the Crop 75 days
Type of Irrigation Sprinkler type
Soil type texture and pH Clay Loamy Soil 6.00 to 7.5
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Trial Plot size 25 m2 (5m x 5m)
No of plants per Row 12 plants
Number of Replication Two
Method of application Foliar Spray:
Required quantity of composition as per
the invention 30ml mixed in 10 liter of
water and Sprayed in
the Broccoli Trial plot with the help of Hand
Operating Sprayer.
Sprayer Nozzle Type Hand Operate Sprayer
NMD/S Duro Mist Spray Nozzle
ischarge in 450 cc/min
Spray angle 80
Pressure: 3kg/cm2
43.5 Lbs/Inch2
No of Foliar Spray given hree
Intervals between the two
Foliar Spray 10 days
Obesrvations 1. Phytotoxicity
2. Yield

Effect of composition as per the invention in Broccoli Cultivation

Table 56

Sale prize of Broccoli: Rs 27.00/kg

Result Yield:

The maximum Broccoli Head yield of 18 kg/plot was recorded in dosage @ 3.0 ml/lit treated field. . However, the control field recorded only 12.5 kg /plot. The concentration of the formulated composition @ 3.0 ml/lit recorded an increased yield of 2400 kg/acre, compared to 1850 kg/acre in control filed. Higher head size of Broccoli was obtained in treated field (3 ml /lit).

Phytotoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of forumulated composition treatment was assessed by recording visual observations like injury to leaf tip and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis etc, No Phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded in any of treatment.

Example 7: Effect of composition as per the invention on Grape Yield

The formulated composition sprayed at different concentration viz, 1.0 ml,2.0 ml,3.0m /lit in Grape field to find its efficacy at Thondamuthur area during September 2008 to January 2009. Five foliar Sprays of the formulated composition made at an interval of 10 days, starting from Flowering stage. The concentration of 2.0ml/lit and 3.0ml/lit were highly effective in Grape , Number of fruit per plant, Fruit weight and yield is better than the control field. The maximum fruit yield (12000kg /acre) was recorded in the dosage @ 3.0 ml/lit treated field compare to control field recorded (8000kg/acre). The maximum income was observed @ 3.0ml/lit dose i.e. Rs 156000/ acre compare to control field recorded income of Rs 104000 / acre.

Bio Efficacy of composition as per the invention in Grapes (Wis vinifera L) Cultivation:

Crop Name Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Farmer Name Maranagoudar
Theenampalayam
Madam Patti, Thondamuthur -641109
Coimbatore (Dt)
Objectivs To Study the Bio Efficacy of composition
as per the invention in Grapes Cultivation.
Trial Location Theenampalayam
Seasons February'06 to May 2006
Crop Variety Mascot Blue
Type of Irrigation Channel type
Cultural operations Local farmer Recommendation
Fertilization Farmer Recommendation
Soil type texture and pH Clay Loamy Soil
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 5mx5m
No of Vines per Row 20 plants
Number of Replication Two
Inter Cropping No inter crop cultivated in the Vineyard
Weed Control No herbicide sprayed for weed control. One
Tractor ploughing and three manual weeding done during vegetative stage.
Crop Insect Pest Control Grapevine thrip (Rhipiphothrips cruentatus),
Grape vine jassid (Arobridia vinifera), Leaf roller and other minor pest were noted.
Treatment Chemical Pesticide Sprayed in the
Grapevine field for Pest control.

Treatment and Dosage:

Table 57:

Method of Treatment:

The trial was laid out in Randomized Black Design (RBD) having five treatments and two replications. Three vines per plot were taken. The composition as per the invention was sprayed on the Vine starting from 25 days after Pruning at 15 days interval.

Type of Sprayer Used Hand Operated Sprayer
No of Treatments given Two

Table-58:
Bioefficacy of composition as per the invention in Grapes Cultivation

Note: Sale price of Grapes Rs 13/ kg

Cost Benefit Ratio Table 59:

Note:

7. Cost of Cultivation: Rs41000 by Stanes practice
Cost of Cultivation: Rs 40000 by Farmer practice (untreated
control)

Result & Discussion
Phytotoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition, treatment was assessed by recording visual observation on Grape vine in each replication regularly for burning symptoms and leaf injury, wilting, and necrosis of Grape vine till the end of crop growth season. All the treatments did not cause any visual phytotoxicity symptoms in Grape vine at recommended dosage.

Yield of Grapes Fruits:

The yield data on analysis found to be very significant. Highest Grapes fruit of 98 kg/ 5 vines (plot) were recorded in at the dosage @ 2.5 ml/lit of water concentration followed by its lower dose i.e., 2.0ml/lit of water 77 kg/plot. Followed by in the Water Spray yield recorded 62 kg /plot and control field recorded 60 kg/plot.

When the data transformed to yields/acre and compared to untreated Control the composition as per the invention @ 2.5ml/lit of water recorded an increase yield of 12000 kg/acre followed by dosage @ 2.0ml/lit (10500 kg/acre) and water spray (8500 kg/acre) But the untreated control field recorded 8000 kg/acre.

There had been higher yield of Grapes in the formulated composition at its two higher doses compared to untreated control.

Income and Cost Benefit Ratio:

It is very interesting to note that concentration of the formulated composition @2.5 ml/lit of water recorded a high income of Rs 156000/ followed by 2.0ml/lit recorded income Rs 136500/ and water spray recorded Rs 115000/ income over untreated control recorded income Rs104000/ only.

Example 8: Efficacy of composition as per the invention in lettuce Cultivation

Crop Name Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Farmer Name Ramachandran
Kuggaldurai, Kotagiri-643217 Nilgiris (District)

Objectivs To Study the Efficacy of composition as
per the invention in Lettuce Cultivation.
Trial Location Kuggaldurai
Seasons March - 2009 to April-2009
Crop Variety Namdhari Variety
Duration of the Crop 65 days
Type of Irrigation Sprinkler type
Soil type texture and pH Clay Loamy Soil
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 16 m2 (4m x 4m)
No of plants per Row 20 plants
Number of Replication Two
Method of application Foliar Spray:
Required quantity of composition as per the invention 30ml
mixed in 10 liter of water and Sprayed in the Lettuce Trial plot with the help of Hand Operating Sprayer.
Sprayer Nozzle Type Hand Operate Sprayer
NMD/S Duro Mist Spray Nozzle Discharge in 450 cc/min

Spray angle 80
Pressure: 3kg/cm2
43.5 Lbs/Inch2
No of Foliar Spray given Three
Intervals between two foliar
sprays : 10 days
Observations Single Head weight
Yield
Phytotoxicity

Effect of composition as per the invention in Lettuce Cultivation

Table 60:

Result

Yield:

The maximum Lettuce Head yield of 38 kg/plot was recorded in the formulated composition at the dosage @ 3.0 ml/lit treated field. . However, the control field recorded only 33.6 kg /plot. Concentration @ 3.0 ml/lit recorded an increased yield of 9500 kg/acre, compared to 8400 kg/acre in control filed. Higher head size of Lettuce was obtained in treated field (3 ml /lit)

Phytotoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition as treatment was assessed by recording visual observations like injury to leaf tip and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis etc, No Phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded in any of the treatment.

Example 9: Efficacy of composition as per the invention on Onion yield

Field Evaluation Study of composition as per the invention was conducted on Onion crop growth and yield Parameter at Boluvampatti, Coimbatore area during July 2009 to August 2009. In general, the formulated composition as a Foliar Spray rate of 3.0 ml/ liter of water improved the plant growth, and Bulb yield. The maximum Bulb yield of (4450 kg/acre) was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml / lit treated field compare to control field recorded ( 3700 kg/acre) . The maximum income was observed in the concentration @ 3.0 ml/ lit dose i.e. Rs 77875 /acre compare to control field recorded income of Rs 64750 / acre. The detailed experimental data is as follows.

Efficacy of composition as per the invention on Onion yield

Crop Name Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Farmer Name Babu
Siruvani road, Boluvampatti, Thondamuthur (Tk) .
Coimbatore.
Objectivs To Study the Efficacy of composition as
per the invention in Onion yield.
Trial Location Boluvampatti
Seasons July 2009 to August 2009
P
Crop Variety CO 3 (Small Onion)
Duration of the Crop 90 days
Seed (Bulb) rate 450kg/acre
Sowing Method Direct Bulb Sowing method
Type of Irrigation Channel Irrigation
Inter crop Coriander
Fertilization N 15kg + P 30kg + K 15kg applied/ acre

Table 61

Soil type texture and pH Black Clay Soil. 6.5 to 7.5
Trial Layout and plot RBD method
Plot size and spacing 5 cents (45cm x 45 cm) Row to Row
(15cmX15cm) Plant to Plant
No of Plants per Row 20 to25 plants
Number of Replication Two
No of Foliar Spray given Three
Intervals between the
irrigations : 7 to 10 days (withhold irrigation 10 days
Before Harvest)
Intervals between the
Two Foliar Spray 10 days
Method of Foliar spray Required quantity of Stanes Liquid
Green Miracle composition as per the invention 10ml, 20ml, 30 ml mixed in 10 liters of water and sprayed in the Onion Trial plot with the help of Power Sprayer.
Type of Sprayer Used Power Sprayer
(H-801 Motorised Knapsack Mistblower cum Duster Type)
Discharge Volume: 0.3-1.5 L/min Minimum Air Velocity: 60 m/s
Nozzle Type Mist Nozzle (ZX-01B)
Orifice (mm) : 0.40
Flow rate : 0.3 (L/m)
Pressure : 145 (PSI)
Obesrvations 1. Phytotoxicity
2. Yield
3. Income

Effect of composition as per the invention on Onion yield

Table 62:

Onion Sale Price: Rs 17.50 / Kg

Result

The weight of the Onion Bulb was taken in all the Treatments after Bulb Harvest and
Yield was expressed in Kilograms per plot and also kilograms/acre.

All the treatments recorded significantly higher than the control Field. Highest Onion
Bulb yield of 89.0 kg/plot was recorded in the concentration @ 3.0 ml/lit treated field
compare to control field recorded 74 kg /plot

Maximum Onion Bulb yield of 4450 kg/acre was recorded in the concentration @
3.0 ml/lit treated field followed by 2.0ml/lit which was recorded 4100 kg/acre where
as control (untreated) recorded 3700 kg/acre.

Phytotoxicity:

The Phytotoxicity of different concentration of the formulated composition treatment was assessed by recording visual observations like injury to leaf tip and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis etc, No Phytotoxicity symptoms were recorded in any of composition as per the invention treatment.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments and examples thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention

WE CLAIM:

1. An anti-evaporotranspiration composition for protecting plants from
transpiration in order to maintain and promote relative water content (RWC) in
the plant tissues, thereby improving and maintaining the turgidity of the plant
cells even during stress periods, the said composition comprises of

a. atleast one ethoxylated fatty alcohol having 8-24 carbon atom,
b. atleast one fatty alcohol ether sulphate
c. ethoxylated castor oil as emulsifier,
d. lime solution or calcium carbonate solution as neutralizer
e. sesame oil as stabilizer and
f. water as diluent.

2. The anti-evaporotranspiration composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the
said composition comprises of

a. 20 % of ethoxylated fatty alcohol having 8-24 carbon atom including a portion of fatty alcohol ether sulphate
b. 5 % of ethoxylated castor oil as emulsifier,
c. 10% of lime solution or calcium carbonate solution as neutralizer
d. 5 % of sesame oil as stabilizer and
e. 60 % of water as diluent.

3. The anti-evaporotranspiration composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the said fatty alcohol is selected from the group comprising of steryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl myristyl alcohol, lauryl cetyl alcohol, lauryl stearyl alcohol, ceto-stearyl alcohol, oleyl cetyl alcoholand combinations thereof.

4. A process for preparing anti-evaporotranspiration composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, for protecting plants from transpiration in order to maintain and promote relative water content (RWC) in the plant tissues, thereby improving and maintaining the turgidity of the plant cells even during stress periods, the said process comprises of

a. selecting plurality of ethoxylated fatty alcohols having 8 to 24 carbon
atom,
b. sulphonating plurality of fatty alcohols with ethyleneoxide using sulphur
trioxide followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, ammonia or
alkanolamines to form fatty alcohol ether sulphates
c. emulsifying the ethoxylated fatty alcohols of step(a) and fatty alcohol
ether sulphates, of step (b) with ethoxylated caster oil to form acidic
ethoxylated castor oil based composition containing mixture of mono
alcohol with carbon atom ranging from C10 to C24 and fatty acids such
as, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid,
d. neutralizing the solution with either lime solution or calcium carbonate
solution to increase the pH to around 6 and
e. Stabilizing the solution with the addition of sesame oil

5. The process as claimed in claim 4 shall include the step of addition of diluent such as water to the solution.

6. The process as claimed in claim 4 wherein the said fatty alcohol is selected from the group comprising of steryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl myristyl alcohol, lauryl cetyl alcohol, lauryl stearyl alcohol, ceto-stearyl alcohol, oleyl cetyl alcohol and combinations thereof.

7. A method of protecting plants from transpiration in order to maintain and promote relative water content (RWC) in the plant tissues, thereby improving and maintaining the turgidity of the plant cells even during stress periods, the said method comprises of applying the solution of anti-evaporotranspiration composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 to the canopy of the plant.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the said solution is applied to the plant in three stages wherein the first stage is during the vegetative phase, the second stage is during the pre-flowering stage, and the third stage is one week before harvesting.

9. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the said solution is applied to the plant by using known conventional method selected from the group consisting of low volume sprayers, high volume sprayers, or micronisers.

10. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the said plants is selected from the group consisting of cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, bitter gourd, brinjal, broccoli, grape and onion.