DESC:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to the field of paints and a process for manufacturing paints.
DEFINITIONS
As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicate otherwise. Pigment volume concentration (PVC): Pigment volume concentration (PVC)” of a system refers to the volume percentage of solid particles in the system after film formation.
Insecticide: An insecticide is a substance or a mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any insect, particularly mosquitoes.
Biocide: A biocide is defined as a chemical substance intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical means.
Fungicide: A fungicide is a biocidal chemical compound used to kill fungi or fungal spores.
Preservative: A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, and wood, to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
BACKGROUND
Mosquitoes are considered dangerous creatures on the planet because of their ability to spread deadly diseases including malaria, dengue, zika, West Nile virus and yellow fever. They are carriers, or vectors, for some of humanity’s most deadly illnesses. Infected mosquitoes carry these organisms from person to person without exhibiting symptoms themselves. Moreover, with tourists and visitors visiting different countries, they potentially carry such diseases with them and aid in spreading disease. According to the World Health Organization, mosquitoes infect over 300 million people a year with Malaria and Dengue. Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide every year with a disproportionate effect on children and the elderly in developing countries.
In recent years the rate of infection has risen dramatically, and a growing number of scientists are now concerned that global warming will translate into an explosive growth of mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Further, mosquitoes require very little amount of water for breeding, thus controlling their population is problematic.
For protection against mosquitoes, generally people use repellents which are formulated for use on bare skin (skin creams), as aerosols which are to be sprayed, solid sticks to be burnt or liquids (Roll-on Liquids and Liquid vaporizers).
All these repellents have to be applied/used on a frequent basis and they need direct exposure to humans (via skin or by breathing) and the environment. These options are short lived. Further, health authorities who administer vector control programs have tight budgetary constraints and methods like fogging can at times be costly and ineffective.
Such vectors (mosquitoes) often rest and crawl on walls and surfaces of houses/buildings.
Hence, there exists a need to develop a paint composition for controlling mosquitoes and other flying insects that is non-toxic to humans.

OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a paint composition.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti mosquito paint composition that controls the breeding and growth of mosquitoes.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide an anti mosquito paint composition that is non-toxic to humans.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for preparing an anti mosquito paint composition.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to an anti mosquito paint composition and a process for preparation thereof.
The anti mosquito paint composition comprises a polymeric emulsion in an amount in the range of 10 to 25 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; an insecticide in an amount in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a biocide in an amount in the range of 0.21 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a pigment in an amount in the range of 8 to 13 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a filler in an amount in the range of 18 to 35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and water in an amount in the range of 35 to 45 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
The anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 50 to 75%.
Particularly, the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure comprises styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion, which contains 50 mass% of styrene acrylic polymer. The styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion is used in an amount of 14 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60) as an insecticide that depolarizes axonal sodium channels of mosquitoes, the insecticide is used in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a biocide being a mixture of 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, the total amount of the biocide being 0.35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; titanium dioxide as a pigment in an amount of 11 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; sodium polyacrylate as a dispersing agent in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; calcium carbonate and calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate) as fillers in an amount of 31 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and water treated with UV radiations, in an amount of 41.75 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition.
The anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 60 to 65%.
The anti mosquito paint composition can further comprise a sequestering agent, preservative, thickening agent, plasticizer, emulsifier, additive, fungicidal agent and kaolin clay
The present disclosure further relates to a process for preparing an anti mosquito paint composition. The process comprises mixing a predetermined amounts of water, a pigment, a dispersing agent, a filler, a biocide, and a polymeric emulsion are mixed to obtain a first mixture. The first mixture is filtered to obtain a filtered mixture. Predetermined amount of an insecticide is added to the filtered mixture under stirring to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture is filtered to obtain the anti mosquito paint composition.
The step of mixing to obtain a first mixture in the process for preparing the anti mosquito paint composition further involves addition of predetermined amounts of at least one excipient selected from the group consisting of a sequestering agent, a preservative, a thickening agent, a plasticizer, an additive, an emulsifier, a fungicidal agent, and water.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Mosquitoes are carriers, or vectors, for some of humanity’s most deadly illnesses like malaria, dengue, zika, West Nile virus and yellow fever which cause several million deaths each year. Curbing the spread of these life threatening diseases is costly and cumbersome.
Often mosquitoes rest and crawl on walls and surfaces of houses/buildings. Thus, coating the interior and external walls and surfaces with an anti mosquito paint composition can be a cost effective way in eliminating the mosquitoes. The present disclosure envisages an anti mosquito paint composition by combining the aesthetics and sustainability with functionality.
The present disclosure envisages an anti mosquito paint composition and a process for preparation thereof.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an anti mosquito paint composition. The anti mosquito paint composition comprises:
a) a polymeric emulsion in an amount in the range of 10 to 25 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
b) an insecticide in an amount in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
c) a biocide in an amount in the range of 0.21 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
d) a pigment in an amount in the range of 8 to 13 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
e) a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
f) a filler in an amount in the range of 18 to 35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and
g) water in an amount in the range of 35 to 45 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition.
The anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 50 to 75%.
The total water content in the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is in the range of 35 to 57.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition upon including the water present in the polymeric emulsion.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the polymeric emulsion is at least one selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion and acrylic polymeric emulsion.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the polymeric emulsion may comprise polymer and water. The polymer can be in the range of 42 to 55 mass% of the total mass of the polymeric emulsion, and water can be in the range of 45 to 58 mass% of the total mass of the polymeric emulsion.
In one embodiment the polymeric emulsion may comprise 50% polymer and 50% water.
The insecticide is 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60) (CAS No. 52645-53-1).
Other insecticides may also be used in the anti mosquito paint composition. However, the insecticide:
1) should be soluble in the water based paint composition as any insoluble insecticide would result in rough finish of the paint coating;
2) should be stable under alkaline conditions (i.e. pH : 8-10 ); and
3) should not evaporate from the paint composition over the shelf life of paint composition (generally 2 years). Any evaporation of the insecticide at the natural conditions would result in drop in the efficacy of the anti mosquito paint composition over shorter life.
The biocide is a mixture of 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
Typically, in the present anti mosquito paint composition the pigment used is titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide can be of Rutile or Anatase type. Other pigments may also be used. A pigment provides colour, opacity and gloss to a paint composition. Further, on application of a paint composition, the pigment protects the surface underneath from corrosion and weathering.
Typically, the dispersing agent is sodium polyacrylate. Other dispersing agents may also be used. A dispersing agent facilitates in improving the separation of particles and prevents settling or clumping of particles.
Typically, the filler is at least one selected from calcium carbonate and calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate). A filler thickens a paint composition, supports its structure on the applied surface and increases the volume of a paint.
Water is selected from the group consisting of water treated with ultra-violet (UV) radiations, demineralized water, and water obtained by reverse osmosis treatment.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure the water is water treated with ultra-violet (UV) radiations.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an anti mosquito paint composition comprises styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion containing 50 mass% of styrene acrylic polymer, in an amount of 14 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60) as an insecticide that depolarizes axonal sodium channels of the mosquitoes, in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; a biocide comprising 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, total amount of the biocide is 0.35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; titanium dioxide as a pigment in an amount of 11 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; sodium polyacrylate as a dispersing agent in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; calcium carbonate and calcined kaolin as fillers in an amount of 31 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and water treated with UV radiations, in an amount of 41.75 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; The anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 60 to 65%.
The anti mosquito paint composition further comprise a sequestering agent, a preservative, a thickening agent, a plasticizer, an emulsifier, an additive, a fungicidal agent and a kaolin clay.
The amount of sequestering agent used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. The sequestering agent is added to a paint composition to prevent metallic ions from precipitating in an alkaline solution. Preferably, the amount of the sequestering agent is 0.05 mass%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the sequestering agent can be selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), tetra potassium pyrophosphate (TPPP), and potassium tri poly phosphate (KTPP).
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the sequestering agent is sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP).
The amount of preservative used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.01 to 0.20 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. The preservative prevents decomposition and disfiguration of a paint composition due to microbial attack and its growth on painted surfaces. Preferably, the amount of the preservative is 0.15 mass%.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.
The amount of thickening agent used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.7 to 2.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. The thickening agent is added to a paint composition to increase the viscosity of the paint composition without substantially changing its other properties. Preferably, the amount of the thickening agent is 1.55 mass%.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickening agent can be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl ester of acrylic acid, ethyl ester of acrylic acid, polymerised acrylic acid, methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), alkali swellable emulsions, hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions, hydrophobically modified ethoxylate urethanes, and clay based rheology modifiers.
The amount of plasticizer used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.60 to 3.00 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. The plasticizer is added to a paint composition to increase the plasticity of the paint composition.Preferably, the amount of the plasticizer is 1.6 mass%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the plasticizer can be at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3 pentanediol monoisobutyrate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate.
The amount of emulsifier used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.10 to 0.50 mass% of the total mass of the paint composition. The emulsifier is added to a paint composition to form an emulsion of the paint composition and keep the emulsion well-dispersed. Preferably, the amount of the emulsifier is 0.2 mass%.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the emulsifier can be poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-sulfo-omega-(nonylphenoxy)-, branched, ammonium salt (CAS No. 68649-55-8).
The amount of additives used in the anti mosquito paint composition is the range of 0.05 to 0.20 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. Preferably, the amount of the additive is 0.15 mass%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the additive can be selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additive is ethanolamine.
The amount of the fungicidal agent used in the anti mosquito paint composition is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. Preferably, the amount of the fungicidal agent is 0.30 mass%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the fungicidal agent can be selected from the group consisting of zinc salt of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione, Iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, and Methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fungicidal agent is zinc salt of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione.
The amount of Kaolin clay used in the anti mosquito paint composition can be a gloss modifying agent. Kaolin clay is used in an amount ranging from 0 to 30 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition. The gloss modifying agent is added to a paint composition to enhance gloss of the paint composition applied on a surface by helping the paint composition to level out after application and by increasing pigment dispersion on the surface.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a process for preparing an anti mosquito paint composition is provided. The process involves following steps:
A predetermined amounts of water, a pigment, a dispersing agent, a filler, a biocide, and a polymeric emulsion, are mixed to obtain a first mixture. The first mixture is filtered to obtain a filtered mixture. Predetermined amount of an insecticide is added to the filtered mixture and stirred to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture is filtered to obtain the anti mosquito paint composition.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the step of mixing further involves addition of predetermined amounts of at least one excipient selected from the group consisting of a sequestering agent, a preservative, a thickening agent, a plasticizer, an additive, an emulsifier, a fungicidal agent, and water.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the step of adding an insecticide to the filtered mixture, further involves addition of predetermined amount of a thickening agent.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure has smooth finish.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure has matte finish.
The process for the preparation of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure, is easy and simple.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure does not contain ammonia. Further, the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure does not contain added lead or heavy metals.
In a paint composition, pigment should be sufficiently "wetted" by the polymer to create a protective coating, i.e., there must be sufficient polymer, or binder, to completely wet or surround all the pigment particles. In other words, there must be enough polymer to completely fill the voids between the pigment particles. Pigment volume concentration (PVC) is essential for determining the amount of a particular pigment that can be added to the polymer of the coating.
The Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is in the range of 50 to 75.
Preferably, the PVC of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is in the range of 60 to 65.
The insecticide in the anti mosquito paint composition acts on the central nervous system (CNS) of the mosquito by affecting the sodium channels in the axonal membranes; thereby paralyzing the mosquito and further leading to death.
The biocide/insecticide can be axonic excitoxins.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is stable and is in a ready-to use form.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure can be diluted with water for ease of application.
It is observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is effective against the mosquito species of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi.
It is observed that the insecticide in the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure does not vaporize, and it remains in the paint film formed after application of the anti mosquito paint composition on a surface.
It is observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is not an eye irritant or a skin irritant.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is non-toxic to humans and pets. It is safe for use as paint.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is found to be safe for use, when evaluated for the acute oral toxicity studies and the acute dermal toxicity studies performed according to globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category.
It is observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is safe for earthworms, Japanese quail (flying bird), mallard duck (crawling bird), and honey bees.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is easy to apply without spattering.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is available in various shades. Desired shade can be obtained by selection of a suitable pigment.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure has excellent covering capacity and is washable.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure has excellent opacity.
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure that comprises a fungicidal additive, does not allow fungal growth on a surface coated with the anti mosquito paint composition.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the following examples and experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following examples and experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.
Example No. 1: Process for preparing the anti mosquito paint composition:
In a mixing vessel, UV treated water (32.55 g) and sodium hexametaphosphate (0.05 g) were added while stirring, and 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (0.15 g), sodium polyacrylate (1.00 g), tri ethylene glycol (0.8 g), ethoxylated alcohol (0.3 g), poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)-alpha-sulfo-omega-(nonylphenoxy)-branched, ammonium salt (0.2 g) and 2-aminoethanol (0.15 g) were added to the vessel and stirred for 10 to 15 minutes. Further, titanium dioxide (11 g), a mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (0.55 g), 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate (0.8 g), calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate) (11 g), and calcium carbonate (20 g) were added to the vessel under stirring. UV treated water (2.00 g) was added to the vessel and stirring was continued for 30 to 60 minutes. 2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (0.05 g), chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (0.3 g), a mixture comprising polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid and methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid (0.90 g), and UV treated distilled water (1.00 g), styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion/pure acrylic polymeric emulsion (14 g) were added and stirred to obtain a first mixture. The first mixture was filtered to obtain a filtered mixture. To the filtered mixture, (±)-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2, 2-dichlorovinyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (1 g), a mixture comprising polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, and methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid (0.10 g), in UV treated distilled water (0.10 g), and UV treated distilled water (2.00 g) were added to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture was filtered to obtain the anti mosquito paint composition.
Comparative study: The following mosquito repellents were used to prepare an anti mosquito paint composition to study their efficacy, and the result obtained is summarized in the table below.
Sr No Mosquito repellent Uses paint composition + Mosquito repellent
1 N, N-diethyl-benzamide (DEET) DEET, sold and used in spray or lotion in concentrations up to 100%, offer up to 12 hours of protection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends 30-50% DEET to prevent the spread of pathogens carried by insects. DEET used in an anti mosquito paints at 30-50% concentration provides efficacy up to 1 month under natural conditions. There is a drop in the efficacy after 1 month.
2 Propoxur Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide with a fast knockdown and long residual effect. Propoxur is hydrolytically stable at acidic or neutral pH (3-7) but degrades rapidly in alkaline conditions (i.e. pH: 8-10).
3 Transfluthrin, Allethrin, cypermethrin The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides. They are synthetic pyrethroids. The compounds have low toxicity for humans and birds, and are used in many household insecticides such as RAID as well as mosquito coils. Due to the fast evaporating nature of Transfluthrin and Allethrin long lasting efficacy was not achieved in anti mosquito paint composition.
4 Deltamethrin Deltamethrin is a member of one of the safest classes of pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids. The efficacy of paint composition containing deltamethrin does not last for more than 3-4 months against mosquitoes. Deltamethrin does not dissolve in water based paint composition leading to rough finish, which is not acceptable for an interior paint composition. In addition,
5 Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus ,
Oil of Citronella Herbal product used as insect repellent along with other medicinal uses. It prevents mosquito bites when applied to the skin. It is also used as mosquito repellent in commercially available mosquito repellents. Due to its evaporating properties its efficacy in paints lasts only for few days.
6 Imidacloprid Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects, with much lower toxicity to mammals. Imidacloprid does not dissolve in water based paint composition, thus leading to rough finish of the paint coating, which is not acceptable for an interior paint composition.

It is seen from the above table that traditionally used anti mosquito agents, such as DEET, propoxur, transfluthrin, allethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, oil of citronella, and imidacloprid exhibit the anti mosquito efficacy for a shorter duration of time as compared to when 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60) was used as the anti mosquito agent in accordance with the present disclosure.
Experiment No. 1: Bio efficacy
The anti mosquito paint composition prepared in Example no. 1 was tested for bio efficacy. The paint was found to be effective against following mosquito species:
• Aedes aegypti;
• Culex quinquefasciatus; and
• Anopheles stephensi.
The anti mosquito paint (AMP) was tested at different PVC levels keeping the concentration of Permethrin at 1%. The results of the testing are presented in Table-1 below.
Bio efficacy was tested as per WHO (World Health Organization) method as well as US EPA method (United States Environment Protection agency). Panels used were wooden and Cement fiber board. Panels were exposed under natural conditions with no direct contact to sunlight with natural day and night cycles.
Table 1. Results of correlation between the Bio efficacy and PVC levels of the anti mosquito paint (AMP)
S. No PVC range Bio efficacy as per WHO guidelines for testing
(% Mortality) Bio Efficacy as per US EPA guidelines for testing
(% Mortality)
On 1 year exposed panels On 2 year exposed panels On 1 year exposed panels On 2 year exposed panels
1 40-45 60.0 % 15.0 % 70.0 % 50.0 %
2 50-55 73.0 % 23.0 % 85.0 % 70.0 %
3 60-65 80.0 % 30.0 % 99.0 % 90.0 %
4 70-75 60.0 % 5.0% 85 .0% 75.0 %

From the results it can be observed that at various PVC levels mortality can be achieved but the longest duration of mortality was observed at 60-65 PVC level, i.e. 80 % mortality up to 1 year as per WHO guidelines and 90 % mortality up to 2 years as per USEPA guidelines.
WHO Guidelines: Non-blood-fed susceptible female mosquitoes (of all the three species : Yes ) aged 2–5 days are introduced into WHO plastic cones for a period of 30 minutes. After exposure, females are placed in 150-ml plastic cups (10 individuals per cup), with sucrose solution provided, and maintained in a climatic chamber for 24 hours at 27 °C ± 2 °C and 80% ± 10% RH. Percentage knock-down after 60 minutes and percentage mortality after 24 hours are recorded.
US EPA Guidelines: Non-blood-fed susceptible female mosquitoes aged 2–5 days are introduced into WHO plastic cones for a period of 30 minutes and 60 minutes. After exposure, females are placed in 150-ml plastic cups (10 individuals per cup), with sucrose solution provided, and maintained in a climatic chamber for 24 hours at 27 °C ± 2 °C and 80% ± 10% RH. Mortalities were recorded from 24 hours to 96 hours.
Experiment No. 2: Toxicity
a) Oral and Dermal Toxicity
Oral and Dermal toxicity of the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1 was performed as per globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category. The results are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2. Results of the toxicity studies performed for the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1
Name of Study Results
Acute Oral Toxicity GHS category 5, Unclassified
Acute Dermal Toxicity GHS category 5, Unclassified
Acute Inhalation Toxicity GHS category 4
*GHS Category: 1 = Harmful, GHS Category: 4 = (Acute inhalation median lethal dose of 50 % the paint composition of the present disclosure (V/V) diluted with a vehicle (distilled water) was greater than 2.86 mg/L, GHS Category: 5 = Safe
It was observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure was found to be safe for use, when evaluated for the acute oral toxicity studies and the acute dermal toxicity studies performed according to the globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category.
b) Eye irritation and Dermal irritation
Eye irritation and Dermal irritation of the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1 was performed as per the globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category. The results are summarized in Table 3.
Table 3. Results of the eye irritation and dermal irritation studies performed for the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1
Acute Eye Irritation GHS Category - Not classified as an Eye Irritant
Acute Dermal Irritation GHS Category - Not classified as Skin Irritant.

It was observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure was found to be non-irritant for eyes and skin, when evaluated for the eye irritation studies and dermal irritation studies performed according to the globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category.
c) Skin sensitization
Skin sensitization studies of the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1 was performed as per the globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category. The results are summarized in Table 4.
Table 4. Results of the skin sensitization studies performed for the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1
Skin Sensitization GHS Category 1 B ( Moderate Skin Sensitizer),
Below mentioned Caution statement added on Label

It was observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure was found to be Moderate Skin Sensitizer, when evaluated for the skin sensitization studies performed according to the globally harmonized system (GHS) of hazard category.
Experiment No. 3: Eco toxicity
Eco toxicity of the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1 was evaluated. The results are summarized in Table 5.
Table 5. Results of the eco toxicity studies performed for the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1
Sr. No. Name Of Study Results Remarks
1 acute toxicity study of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on earthworm, Eisenia fetida LC50 (14th day) value was greater than 2000 mg for anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /kg (dry weight of artificial soil).
No effect of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on the growth of earthworms. Thus, the paint is safe for earthworms.
2 acute oral toxicity study of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica LD50 value of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica was greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight.
No effect of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on the Japanese quail (flying bird). Thus, the paint is safe for birds.
3 acute oral toxicity study of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure
on mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchos Lethal dose (LD50) value of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

No effect of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on mallard duck (crawling bird). Thus, the paint is safe for birds.
4 acute contact toxicity of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure on honeybee, Apis mellifera. LD50 (24 h) value was 44.8 µg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/bee.
LD50 (48h) value was 44.8 µg of the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/bee. The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure in wet condition was harmful to the honey bees. But this product is meant for use inside of the house and chances of honey bees entering inside the house are very less.

The testing was carried out on dry paint/painted surface (after overnight drying). The results showed that the paint composition of the present disclosure was safe for honey bees as no mortality was observed.
5 acute oral toxicity of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure to honeybee, Apis mellifera LD50 (24 h) value was 52.0 µg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/bee
LD50 (48 h) value was 52.0 µg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/bee
6 bio efficacy of dried anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure panel on honey bee No Mortality till 96 Hrs. after exposure.
7 acute immobilization study of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure to Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h) value was 5.8 mg for the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/L
NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration ) : 1.0 mg anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure/L
LOEC (Lowest-Observed Effect Concentration) : 2.1 mg anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
The anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure was found to be harmful to aquatic microorganisms and fish.

8 acute toxicity study of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure to zebra fish, danio rerio 48 h LC50 : 8.3 mg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
72 h LC50 : 5.4 mg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
96 h LC50 : 3.2 mg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
NOEC : 0.5 mg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
LOEC : 1.1 mg of anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure /L
9 Alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), growth inhibition test with anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure. EbC10 for biomass inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 7.41 mg/L
ErC10 for growth rate inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 16.61 mg/L
EyC10 for yield inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 7.86 mg/L
EbC20 for biomass inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 11.26 mg/L
ErC20 for growth rate inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 24.47 mg/L
EyC20 for yield inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 10.74 mg/L
EbC50 for biomass inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 25.03 mg/L
ErC50 for growth rate inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 51.38 mg/L
EyC50 for yield inhibition (0 - 72 h) : 19.51 mg/L
NOEC for biomass, growth rate and yield : 5.3 mg/L
LOEC for biomass, growth rate and yield : 9.5 mg/L

It was observed that the anti mosquito paint composition of the present disclosure is safe for earthworms, Japanese quail (flying bird), mallard duck (crawling bird), and honey bees.
Experiment No. 4: Air concentration study
Determination of air concentration of the insecticide in a room applied with the paint composition of Example no. 1 by the following methodology;
1. Room of Size 9ft × 9 ft. × 10 ft. was painted with the anti mosquito paint composition of Example no. 1.
2. Presence of the insecticide in the air in the form of vapors was checked for 6 months continuously.
3. The insecticide in the air in the form of vapors was below detectable limits.
This indicates that the insecticide did not vaporize.
Example No. 2: Process for preparing the anti mosquito paint composition (with fungicidal additive):
In a mixing vessel, UV treated water (32.25 g) and sodium hexametaphosphate (0.05 g) were added while stirring, and 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (0.15 g), Sodium polyacrylate (1.00 g), tri ethylene glycol (0.8 g), ethoxylated alcohol (0.3 g), poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)-alpha-sulfo-omega-(nonylphenoxy)-branched, ammonium salt (0.2 g) and 2-aminoethanol (0.15 g) were added to the vessel and stirred for 10 to 15 minutes. Further, titanium dioxide (11 g), a mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (0.55 g), 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate (0.8 g), calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate) (11 g), and calcium carbonate (20 g) were added to the vessel under stirring. UV treated water (2.00 g) was added to the vessel and stirring was continued for 30 to 60 minutes. 2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (0.05 g), 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione zinc salt (0.3 g), chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (0.3 g), a mixture comprising polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid and methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid (0.90 g), and UV treated distilled water (1.00 g), styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion/pure acrylic polymeric emulsion (14 g) were added and stirred to obtain a first mixture. The first mixture was filtered to obtain a filtered mixture. To the filtered mixture, (±)-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2, 2-dichlorovinyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (1 g), a mixture comprising polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, and methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid (0.10 g), in UV treated distilled water (0.10 g), and UV treated distilled water (2.00 g) were added to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture was filtered to obtain the anti mosquito paint composition.
Experiment No. 5: Anti Fungal performance of the Anti Mosquito Paint (with fungicidal additive).
The anti mosquito paint composition prepared in Example no. 2 was tested for anti fungal performance of the anti mosquito paint.
Anti mosquito paint was tested against fungal species (spp) as per ASTM D 5590. ASTM D 5590 is a standard test method for determining the resistance of paint films and related coatings to fungal defacement by accelerated four-week agar plate assay. The fungal species used for the experiment were Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium spp.
The anti mosquito paint samples were applied on Whatman filter paper no. 40 and those panels were artificially weathered. The weathered panels were placed on the surface of fungal culture medium PDA (potato dextrose agar), inoculated with a mixed fungal spore suspension, and incubated at 28 °C with relative humidity of 90%.
Observation and evaluation:
Resistance to fungal growth was assessed by visual examination of the incubated agar panels.
The incubated agar panels were observed for the zone of inhibition of fungal growth (halo) around the test panel on day 3, day 7 and day 14.
The fungal growth on the coated surface, on day 3, day 7 and day 14 was rated using the following scale:
0: no growth
1: traces of growth (<10 %)
2: Light growth (10-30%)
3: Moderate growth (30.0-60.0 %)
4: Heavy growth (60% to complete coverage)
The zone (halo) surrounding the test panel was measured and recorded in terms of a code comprising n1Zn2, wherein n1 is the rating number mentioned herein above, Z represents zone, and n2 is the average width in millimeters (mm) of the zone around the sample.
For example, 3Z5 would indicate 30-60% growth on the coated surface, within a zone of 5 mm around the sample.
0Z6 would indicate no growth on the coated surface with a clear halo of 6 mm.
Results: According to the anti fungal performance results of the anti mosquito paint of the present disclosure, rating the present anti mosquito paint is: 0Z7
i.e. No growth on coated surface with clear halo of 7 mm.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of:
? an anti mosquito paint composition which is useful in controlling mosquitoes;
? an anti mosquito paint composition that is free of ammonia, and have no added lead and heavy metals;
? an anti mosquito paint composition which is non-toxic to humans;
? an anti mosquito paint composition that has smooth as well as matte finish, which is easy to apply without spattering, available in various shades, is washable, and has excellent opacity and covering capacity;
? an easy and simple process for the preparation of the anti mosquito paint composition; and
? cost effective way in eliminating the mosquitoes by coating the interior and external walls and/or surfaces.
Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM
1. An anti mosquito paint composition comprising:
a) a polymeric emulsion in an amount in the range of 10 to 25 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
b) an insecticide that depolarizes axonal sodium channels of mosquitoes, wherein the amount of the insecticide is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
c) a biocide in an amount in the range of 0.21 to 1.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
d) a pigment in an amount in the range of 8 to 13 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
e) a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
f) a filler in an amount in the range of 18 to 35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and
g) water in an amount in the range of 35 to 45 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
wherein the anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 50 to 75%.
2. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said polymeric emulsion is at least one of styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion and acrylic polymeric emulsion.
3. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said polymeric emulsion comprises polymer in the range of 42 to 55 mass% of the total mass of the polymeric emulsion, and water in the range of 45 to 58 mass% of the polymeric emulsion, preferably, said polymeric emulsion comprises 50% polymer and 50% water.
4. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said insecticide is 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60).
5. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said biocide is a mixture of 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
6. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said pigment is titanium dioxide.
7. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said dispersing agent is sodium polyacrylate.
8. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said filler is at least one selected from calcium carbonate and calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate).
9. The anti mosquito paint composition of claim 1, wherein said water is at least one selected from the group consisting of water treated with ultra-violet (UV) radiations, demineralized water, and water obtained by reverse osmosis treatment.
10. An anti mosquito paint composition comprising:
i) styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion in an amount of 14 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; wherein the styrene acrylic polymeric emulsion contains 50 mass% of styrene acrylic polymer;
ii) 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cis :trans :: 40:60) as an insecticide that depolarizes axonal sodium channels of the mosquitoes, in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
iii) a biocide comprising a mixture of 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in an amount of 0.35 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
iv) titanium dioxide as a pigment in an amount of 11 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
v) sodium polyacrylate as a dispersing agent in an amount of 1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
vi) calcium carbonate and calcined kaolin (aluminum silicate) as fillers in an amount of 31 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition; and
vii) water treated with UV radiations, in an amount of 41.75 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition;
wherein the anti mosquito paint composition has pigment volume concentration in the range of 60 to 65%.
11. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising a sequestering agent in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 0.05 mass%; wherein said sequestering agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), tetra potassium pyrophosphate (TPPP), and potassium tri poly phosphate (KTPP).
12. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising a preservative in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 0.20 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 0.15 mass%; wherein said preservative is 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.
13. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.7 to 2.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 1.55 mass%; wherein said thickening agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl ester of acrylic acid, ethyl ester of acrylic acid, polymerised acrylic acid, methyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, ethyl ester of polymerised acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), alkali swellable emulsions, hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions, hydrophobically modified ethoxylate urethanes, and clay based rheology modifiers.
14. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising a plasticizer in an amount in the range of 0.60 to 3.00 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 1.6 mass%; wherein said plasticizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3 pentanediol monoisobutyrate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate.
15. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising an emulsifier in an amount in the range of 0.10 to 0.50 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 0.2 mass%; wherein said emulsifier is poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-sulfo-omega-(nonylphenoxy)-, branched, ammonium salt (CAS No. 68649-55-8).
16. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising an additive in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 0.20 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 0.15 mass%; wherein said additive is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine and 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
17. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising a fungicidal agent in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition, preferably 0.30 mass%; wherein said fungicidal agent is selected from the group consisting of zinc salt of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione, iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, and methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate.
18. The anti mosquito paint composition of any one of the claims 1 and 10, further comprising kaolin clay in an amount ranging from 0 to 30 mass% of the total mass of the anti mosquito paint composition.
19. A process for preparing an anti mosquito paint composition, said process comprising the following steps:
I. mixing predetermined amounts of water, a pigment, a dispersing agent, a filler, a biocide, and a polymeric emulsion, to obtain a first mixture;
II. filtering said first mixture to obtain a filtered mixture;
III. adding predetermined amount of an insecticide to said filtered mixture and stirring to obtain a second mixture; and
IV. filtering said second mixture to obtain the anti mosquito paint composition.
20. The process of claim 19, wherein step (I) further involves addition of predetermined amounts of at least one excipient selected from the group consisting of a sequestering agent, a preservative, a thickening agent, a plasticizer, an additive, an emulsifier, a fungicidal agent, and water.
21. The process as claimed in claim 19, wherein step (III) further involves addition of predetermined amount of a thickening agent.