DESC:This application is a patent of addition with respect to the Indian Patent Application No. 201721005107 dated 13.02.2017, the entire contents of which, are specifically incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
The present disclosure relates to an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics, a process for producing a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish, and a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
DEFINITIONS
As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
Greige fabric: The term “greige fabric” refers to a fabric taken straight from weaving/knitting, which has not been subjected to washing or any chemical processing.
Scouring: The term “scouring” refers to a process in which greige fabric is subjected to washing with the help of synthetic detergents and stain removers in order to remove dirt, dust, stains and various oily substances from the greige fabric and making it suitable for further chemical and mechanical processing.
Dyeing: The term “dyeing” refers to a process where different types of dye stuffs are applied onto the fabric in order to achieve the desired color.
Singeing: The term “singeing” refers to a process wherein the fabric is made to pass over a series of flames across the entire width to burn out the fibres protruding from the fabric surface so as to make the fabric surface smooth and clean.
Crabbing: The term “crabbing” refers to a process of passing the fabric over cylinders through a hot-water bath, or through a series of progressively hotter baths, followed by a cold-water bath. Crabbing is done to stabilize the fabric before dyeing and finishing and is necessary only for wool fabrics.
Heat setting: The term “heat setting” refers to a process of conferring stability upon fibres, yarns, or fabrics, by means of hot air.
Shearing: The term “shearing” refers to a process wherein the fabric is passed over a set of rotating helical blades, across the width of the fabric to clean the surface hairs.
Decatising: The term “decatising” refers to a finishing treatment whereby a fabric's physical and dimensional form is enhanced and then stabilized by the use of heat, moisture, pressure, and time. Generally, a pressure decatising method produces a permanent change in fabric properties by the action of heat and pressurized steam at greater than 100 kPa (1 atm) pressure on a mechanically constrained fabric, and is usually performed during the final stages of fabric production for several reasons: (a) to develop desirable aesthetic qualities in the fabric such as handle, luster and smoothness, (b) to improve the dimensional stability of the fabric particularly for purposes of garment assembly, (c) to permanently set or preserve these qualities during fabric use.
Pick-up %: The term “Pick-up %” refers to the quantity of the solution absorbed by the fabric after squeezing, and is expressed as the percentage to the weight of the dry fabric. Pick-up % is calculated as below:
(GSM of the wet fabric after squeezing – GSM of fabric before application) x 100
Pick-up % = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GSM of fabric before application
GSM – Grams per square meter
Gpl – Grams per litre
Stenter: The term “stenter” refers to an open width finishing machine where the fabric passes through a set of chambers, with provision of hot air blowing. This machine can be used for drying and heat setting of fabric.
Program 7A of ISO 6330: The term “Program 7A of ISO 6330” refers to an International Standard 6330, which specifies domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing. The procedures are applicable to textile fabrics, garments or other textile articles which are subjected to appropriate combinations of domestic washing and drying procedures. This International Standard also specifies the reference detergents and ballasts for the procedures.
ISO 18184: The term “ISO 18184” refers to an International Standard, which specifies testing methods for the determination of the antiviral activity of the textile products against specified viruses.
AATCC 147: The term “AATCC 147” also known as “Antibacterial Activity: Parallel Streak Method” refers to the standard test to detect bacteriostatic activity on textile materials. The method is useful for obtaining a rough estimate of the activity. In this method, the growth of the inoculum organism decreases from one end of each streak to the other and from one streak to the next, resulting in increasing degrees of sensitivity.
AATCC 100: The term “AATCC 100” also known as “Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes” refers to the quantitative procedure for the evaluation of the degree of antibacterial activity. Assessment of antibacterial finishes on textile materials is determined by the degree of antibacterial activity intended in the use of such materials.
AATCC 30: The term “AATCC 30” also known as “Antifungal Activity - Antimicrobial Assessment on Textile Materials” refers to the test method to determine the susceptibility of the textile materials to mildew and rot and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fungicides on textile materials.
AATCC 194: The term “AATCC 194” also known as “Assessment of Anti-House Dust Mite Properties of Textiles” refers to the test method for the evaluation of the degree of anti-house dust mite activity in a long-term testing environment for textiles treated at the manufacturing level for this purpose.
Antimicrobial: The term “antimicrobial” refers to a substance having activity against microorganisms, fungi, and mites, such as home-dust mite.
Antiviral: The term “antiviral” refers to a substance having activity against viruses.
BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
In the last decade, antimicrobial fabrics gained significant importance among various clothing fabrics with performance finishes. Fabrics when used, especially in the humid atmosphere, provide a room for the growth of microorganisms. Infestation of microorganisms results in the development of bad odour. This growth of microorganisms not only develops a bad odour, but also stains the fabric and affects the natural performance of the fabric. Unpleasant smell from the inner garments, staining and degradation of textiles, spread of diseases is some of the detrimental effects of the growth of microorganisms on fabrics. The use of anti microbial agents to prevent the growth of microorganism is known for many years, but an attempt to incorporate it in textile fabrics have been started mainly in the last decade.
The development of such antimicrobial fabric has helped to eliminate the bad odour, reduce the chances of skin infections, prevent the deterioration of fabric performance, thereby providing a hygienic, and feel fresh effect.
These antimicrobial fabrics act on bacteria, however, such fabrics are not able to tackle the viruses. Recently, considering the spread of various diseases caused by viruses SARS, MERS, Corona, Influenza and the like, a strong need is felt to manufacture a fabric which can take care of the issues of virus and the bacteria as well.
Garments provide a wide surface for the deposition of various airborne and droplet borne viruses. Normally people touch their body part/garment innumerable times in a day, which makes it very easy for the viruses to be transferred from garment surface to palms and finger tips.
Various studies have shown that human being touches their face /nose /eyes approximately 16-23 times in an hour; many of such touch happen unknowingly. So deposition of the virus on the garment surfaces, touching of garments, transfer of virus from garments to hands and finally touching the face / nose/ eye make a perfect route for spreading of various virus-caused diseases.
One of the inventions in the prior art discloses a method of producing antimicrobial and antiviral fibres by incorporation of cuprous oxide into the polymer. But this process can only be applicable for the synthetic fibres made by polymerization. In order to provide antiviral and antimicrobial properties into a fabric which is made out of a blend of synthetic and natural fibres blended together, a formulation is to be developed which is water soluble and can be applied on finished fabric. But, cuprous oxide is not soluble in water and makes the use during the operation difficult.
Yet another invention in the prior art discloses the disinfecting composition for treating the textile substrate comprises of a combination of one, several or all of the quaternary ammonium organosilane compound, and/or silver chloride and/or other types of silver salts, and/or polyglucosamine, and/or propiconazole, and/or biocoated silverparticles and/or poly-hexa-methylene-biguanide, in a concentration range of 0.1 to 10 %, more specifically 0.1 to 4 %, such that the entire cross section of the substrate becomes antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-fungal in nature and meets the prescribed standards to qualify as disinfecting.
Further, conventionally the solution and /or composition comprising of anti-viral agent used to prepare disinfecting textiles is at least one selected from the group consisting of compound methyl alcohol, octadecylaminomethyl-trihydroxysilylpropyl ammonium poly-glucosamine, silver chloride based compound and silver chlochloride and chloropropyl trihydroxysilane, silver chloride in aluminosilicate carrier base and polyhexamethylene biguanide, in a concentration range of 1 ppm to 500 ppm, depending on the application, and a polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide or biocoated silver nanoparticles, in a concentration range of 0.1 ppm to 150 ppm, depending on the application.
Various techniques have been explored to produce fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish busing compounds based on chlorine, iodine, and zinc.
However, the textile or fabrics containing the antimicrobial agents mentioned hereinabove do not provide effective and long lasting antiviral and antimicrobial activity together without affecting the normal properties of fabric. It is necessary to produce a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial properties together without affecting the normal properties of fabric.
Therefore, there is felt a need to provide fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish that mitigates the drawbacks mentioned hereinabove.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
An object of the present disclosure is to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish formulation that has long lasting effect when used for a fabric.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the production of a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish, with a similar tone, colour, hand feel, and appearance as the normal finished fabric.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish that are safe for human beings as well as for the environment.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics. The antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics comprises at least one active compound in an amount in the range of 0.2 % to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation, at least one first alcohol in an amount in the range of 0.2 % to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation, at least one acrylic co-polymer in an amount in the range of 5 % to 20 % of the total weight of the formulation, at least one acid in an amount in the range of 3 % to 15 % of the total weight of the formulation, at least one metal compound in an amount in the range of 5 % to 20 % of the total weight of the formulation and at least one fluid medium in an amount in the range of 42 % to 87 % of the total weight of the formulation. The active compound in the formulation is selected from the group consisting of 2,4,4', -trichloro-2'hydroxy diphenyl ether, 2-phenylphenol, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, clotrimazole and chloroxylenol.
The present disclosure further relates to a process for preparing an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation. The process comprises mixing predetermined amounts of an active compound, a first alcohol and a fluid medium to obtain a first solution. Separately, predetermined amounts of a metal compound, an acrylic copolymer and acetic acid are mixed to obtain a second solution. The first solution and the second solution are blended in a predetermined ratio to obtain the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation.
The present disclosure still further relates to a process for producing a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish. The process comprising obtaining a fabric selected from the group consisting of wool, rayon, polyester, polyester viscose, polyester wool, cotton and combinations thereof. The fabric is subjected to a step of pre-treatment to obtain a pre-treated fabric. The pre-treated fabric is soaked in the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation of the present disclosure at a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 50 °C to obtain a soaked fabric. The soaked fabric is subjected to a step of post-treatment to obtain the fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
The present disclosure still further relates to a fabric having an antiviral and antimicrobial finish produced using the formulation of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a process for producing fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 illustrates a woven fibre sample having antiviral and antimicrobial finish in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Figure 3 illustrates a woven fibre sample having antiviral and antimicrobial finish in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure after 50 washings.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
1 Finishing tank
2 Pipe for feeding the solution from the tank to a mangle
3 Fabric trolley
4 Fabric
5 Mangle
6 Squeeze rollers

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms “a”, “an”, and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “including”, and “having”, are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
The co-pending patent application no. IN201721005107 discloses a formulation that is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including bacteria, and fungi. The formulation disclosed in IN201721005107 cannot be effectively used against viruses.
The present disclosure relates to an antiviral and an antimicrobial formulation and a process for producing the same.
The antimicrobial and antiviral finish formulation for fabrics of the present disclosure relates to a formulation that is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi and viruses as well. Further, the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics of the present disclosure is effective against mites, such as home dust mite.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics. The antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics comprises at least one active compound in an amount in the range of 0.2 % to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation; at least one first alcohol in an amount in the range of 0.2% to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation; at least one acrylic co-polymer in an amount in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation; at least one acid in an amount in the range of 3% to 15% of the total weight of the formulation; at least one metal compound in an amount in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation; and at least one fluid medium in an amount in the range of 42% to 87% of the total weight of the formulation.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the active compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,4,4,'-trichloro-2'hydroxy diphenyl ether, 2-phenylphenol, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, clotrimazole and chloroxylenol. In an exemplary embodiment, the active compound is chloroxylenol.
The amount of the active compounds is in the range of 0.2 % to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of active compounds is 0.63%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty alcohols and terpineol. In an exemplary embodiment, the first alcohol is terpineol.
The amount of first alcohol used is in the range of 0.2 % to 1.5 % of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of first alcohol is 0.31%.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the acrylic co-polymer is a blend of primary, secondary, and tertiary acrylic polymers. In an exemplary embodiment, the acrylic co-polymer is Aprocryl plus.
The amount of acrylic co-polymers used is in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of acrylic co-polymers is 15.63%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the acid is an organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, uric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid. In an exemplary embodiment, the organic acid is acetic acid.
The amount of acid is in the range of 3% to 15% of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of acid is 9.38%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the metal compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of zinc pyrithone, sodium pyrithione, copper pyrithione and silver pyrithione. In an exemplary embodiment, the metal compound is a zinc pyrithione.
The amount of the metal compound is in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of metal compound is 12.50%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the fluid medium is selected from water, a second alcohol (C2-C4) and a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the fluid medium is isopropyl alcohol. In another exemplary embodiment, the fluid medium is a combination of isopropyl alcohol and water.
The amount of fluid medium used is in the range of 42% to 87% of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of fluid medium is 61.5%.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation further comprises at least one micro amino silicone in an amount in the range of 0.5% to 1.5% of the total weight of the formulation.
The micro amino silicone is added to the formulation of the present disclosure for better hand feel. The micro amino silicone is added to the formulation in a Stenter machine during the processing of fabric.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the micro amino silicone is Florosilk fx.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation.
Initially, predetermined amounts of an active compound, at least one first alcohol and at least one fluid medium are mixed to obtain a first solution.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the active compound is in the range of 0.2% to 1.5%. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of active compound is 0.63%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the first alcohol is in the range of 0.2% to 1.5%. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of first alcohol is 0.31%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is in the range of 42% to 87%. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is 61.5%.
Separately, predetermined amounts of a metal compound, an acrylic copolymer and acetic acid are mixed to obtain a second solution.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the metal compound is in the range of 5% to 20%. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of 12.5%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the acrylic copolymer is in the range of 5% to 20%. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of acrylic copolymer is 15.63%.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the acid is in the range of 3% to 15% of total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined amount of acid is 9.38%.
Then, the first solution and the second solution are blended in a predetermined ratio to obtain the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation.
The predetermined ratio of the first solution to the second solution is in the range of 1:1 to 2:1 of the total weight of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment the predetermined ratio is 1.66:1.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation is diluted with water in the ratio in the range of 1:20 to 1:35 (formulation: water ratio) before application/use.
In still another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing a fabric having an antiviral and antimicrobial finish. The process comprises the following steps of: obtaining a fabric; subjecting the fabric to a step of pre-treatment to obtain a pre-treated fabric; soaking the pre-treated fabric in the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation of the present disclosure at a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 50 °C to obtain a soaked fabric; and subjecting the soaked fabric to a step of post-treatment to obtain the fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
The process is described in detail as follows:
Initially, a fabric is obtained. In accordance with the present disclosure, the fabric is selected from the group consisting of wool, rayon, polyester, polyester viscose, polyester wool and cotton and combinations thereof.
The fabric is then subjected to pre-treatment to obtain a pre-treated fabric. In accordance with the present disclosure, the pre-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of scouring at a temperature in the range of 55 °C to 65 °C, drying at a temperature of in the range of 90 to 160 °C, heat setting on stenter at a temperature in the range of 170 °C to 210 °C, dyeing, singeing, crabbing and shearing.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature of scouring is 60 °C; the temperature of the drying is 130 °C; and the temperature of heat setting on stenter is 190 °C. In the next step, the pre-treated fabric is soaked in an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation of the present disclosure, to obtain a soaked fabric.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the soaking is carried out at a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 50 °C.
Finally, the soaked fabric is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the post-treatment comprises drying at a temperature in the range of 90 °C to 160 °C and at least one operation selected from pressing and decatising. In an embodiment, drying is performed at 130 °C.
In accordance with the present disclosure, pressing is performed using pressing machine.
In accordance with the present disclosure, decatising is performed using Kier Decatising.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a micro amino silicone is added to the antiviral and antimicrobial formulation in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 1.5% of the total weight of the formulation.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process of preparing the fabric having an antiviral and antimicrobial finish produced using the formulation of the present disclosure is illustrated in Figure-1.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, an assembly is used in the process for the production of antiviral and antimicrobial fabric. The assembly comprises a finishing tank (1), pipe (2) for feeding the solution from the tank to a mangle (5), fabric trolley (3), squeeze rollers (6), and stenter.
The antiviral and antimicrobial formulation of the present disclosure comprising the acrylic co-polymer as a binder are added in a finishing tank (1) along with normal finishing chemicals. The final solution goes to the mangle (5) through a pipe (2) for padding where fabric (4) picks up the solution and the fabric passes through a set of squeezing rollers (6) to squeeze out the excess solution. The pickup is in the range of 55 % to 70 %. After this, the fabric enters into a heating chamber of stenter for drying.
In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a fabric having an antiviral and antimicrobial finish produced using the formulation of the present disclosure.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fabric with the antiviral and antimicrobial finish is capable of retaining the antiviral and antimicrobial properties up to 100 launderings as per program 7A of ISO 6330 and as tested by test protocol AATCC – 100, AATCC – 147, AATCC – 30, AATCC – 194 and modified AATCC-100.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure is further illustrated herein below with the help of the following experiments. The experiments used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of the ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the experiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of embodiments herein. These laboratory scale experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial/commercial scale.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Experiment-1: Antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulations for fabrics in accordance with the present disclosure
1000 gm/litre of a solution was prepared by adding 985 gm/lit of iso propyl alcohol (fluid medium), 5 gm/lit of terpineol (alcohol), and 10 gm/lit of chloroxylenol (active compound). 20 gm/litre of this solution was then mixed with 4 gm/litre of zinc pyrithione (metal compound), 5 gm/lit of acrylic copolymer (Aprocryl plus), and 3 gm/lit of acetic acid to prepare antimicrobial and antiviral coating solution. This coating solution was then coated on fabrics.
Table-1: The composition for 100 liter of formulation for tearing (padding) the fabric on Stenter machine
Recipe Dosage (GPL) Qty for 100 Liter formulation (Gm) Individual Component (Qty) Gms % of each Component
Solution
20
2000
IPA (Fluid Medium) 1970 61.56
Active compound (Choloroxylenol) 20 0.63
First alcohol (Terpineol) 10 0.31
Acrylic Copolymer 5 500 500 15.63
Metal Compound ( Zinc Pyrithione) 4 400 400 12.50
Acetic Acid 3 300 300 9.38
Total 3200 100.00

Experiment-2: Preparation of fabrics of different types fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish
The antiviral and antimicrobial fabrics of different types were prepared using the process steps as summarized in Table-2.
Table-2: Preparation of fabrics having antiviral and antimicrobial finish in accordance with the present disclosure
S. No. Process Poly/Vis-Elastane Fabric Poly/Wool-elastane Fabric
1. Scouring 55 – 65 ° C 55 – 65 ° C
2. Drying 90- 160°C 90- 160°C
3. Heat setting on Stenter 170–210 °C 170–210 °C
4. Dyeing --- ---
5. Drying --- ---
6. Singeing --- ---
7. Crabbing --- ---
8. Scouring 55 – 65 °C 55 – 65 °C
9. Drying 90- 160 °C 90- 160 °C
10. Shearing --- ---
11. Antimicrobial Formulation used Formulation as per Experiment 1 Formulation as per Experiment 1
12. Soaking temperature 25 – 50 °C 25 – 50 °C
13. Drying 90- 160 °C 90- 160 °C
14. 1st pressing 15-30 mtr/min 15-30 mtr/min
15. Kier Decatising 100- 115 °C,
Pressure 0.4–1.2 bar 100- 115 °C,
Pressure 0.4–1.2 bar
16. Final Pressing 15 - 30 mtr/min 15 - 30 mtr/min

Figure-2 illustrates a polyester viscose fabric prepared in accordance with the present disclosure.
Experiment 2a: Evaluation of antiviral activity by modified AATCC 100-2012
Test Microorganism Information:
MS2 Bacteriophage (MS2) is an RNA virus of the family Leviviridae. Escherichia coli 15597 are the hosts for MS2 bacteriophages. Due to its environmental resistance, MS2 bacteriophages were used as a surrogate virus (particularly in place of Picornaviruses such as Poliovirus and human Norovirus) in water quality and Antimicrobial studies.
Virus: MS2 Bacteriophage
Permissive Host Cell: Escherichia coli ATCC 15597
Test Parameters used in Study:
• sample size: 48 mm discs;
• number of swatches used: 0.75 gram;
• method of sterilization of sample: Autoclaving;
• viral inoculum volume: 0.5 ml; 1.40 x 105 PFU/ ml;
• host cell line: E. coli 15597;
• dilution medium: phosphate buffered saline (PBS);
• contact time: 24 hours at 35°C;
• TSA Neutralizer: 10 ml D/E broth;
• assay medium: 50% TSA agar; and
• incubation period: 48 hours
Test procedure:
Test and control fabrics were cut into appropriately-sized swatches of 50 mm diameter and stacked. The numbers of swatches taken were enough to absorb the entire liquid inoculum of 0.5 ml quantity. Stock viruses were standardized to prepare a test inoculum. Test and control materials were inoculated with the test virus, and incubated in a humid environment at 35 °C temperature for a period of 24 hours contact time. The viral concentration was determined at “Time Zero” to verify the target inoculums using plaque assay techniques. Assay plates were incubated for 48 hours for the virus-host cell system. After the incubation period, following neutralization, the carrier suspensions were quantified to determine the levels of infectious virus survived and the assay was scored for titre of test virus. Adequate control was implemented to verify neutralization effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent with Neutralizer used. Percent reductions were computed for test fabric relative to the Time Zero enumeration(s), and reported.
Results: Fabric swatches in contact with individual test cultures for 24 hrs at 37 °C showed the following results:
Table-3: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity by modified AATCC 100-2012 on the antiviral and antimicrobial fabrics produced in accordance with the present disclosure

Sample Identification Test Organism: MS2 Bacteriophage Log Reduction of Virus
at 24 hours Percentage Reduction of Virus
at 24 hours
Average PFU/Carrier at 0 hours (B) Average PFU/Carrier at 24 hours (A)
PFU Log PFU log
Woven Fabric sample 9.10 x104 4.95 4.40 x 103 3.64 1.31 95.16
Untreated lab control 1.50x105 5.17 0.00 0.00
The calculations were done as follows:
• PFU: Plaque Forming Unit = No. of Microorganisms;
• Percentage Reduction = (B – A/ B) x 100;
• Log reduction Log (B/A);
wherein,
B = Number of viable test microorganisms on the control carriers immediately after inoculation;
A = Number of viable test microorganisms on the test carriers after the contact time.
It can be clearly seen from Table 3, that the fabric samples of the present disclosure showed 95.16% reduction of Virus in 24 hours when analyzed as per AATCC 100 - 2012 test Method using MS2 Bacteriophage as surrogate virus.
Experiment 2b: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity by AATCC 100-2019
Organisms used:
1. Staphylococcus aureus Strain No. ATCC 6538 (Gram Positive Bacteria) 1.7 X 105 cfu/ml;
2. Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain No. ATCC 4352 (Gram Negative Bacteria) 1.8 X 105 cfu/ml.
Test Parameters used in study:
• sample size: 48 mm discs cut from larger submitted samples;
• number of swatches used: 4 (1 swatches per 100 ml inoculation jar);
• method of sterilization: free steaming using autoclave;
• inoculum Carrier: Phosphate Buffered water;
• neutraliser: DE Broth;
• contact time: 24 hrs;
• control sample: Sample at ‘0’ contact time;
• cfu: colony forming unit; and
• percentage reduction of microorganisms (R): 100 X (B-A/B).
Table-4: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity by AATCC 100-2019 on the antiviral and antimicrobial fabrics produced in accordance with the present disclosure
Sample Identification Test Culture No. of colonies recovered at ‘0’ hr [B] No. of colonies
recovered at ‘24’ hrs [A] Reduction of Microorganisms [R]
Woven Fabric Sample S.aureus 1.86 X 105 2.2 X 103 98.81%
K. pneumonia 1.94 X 105 2.8 X 103 98.55%
It can be clearly seen from Table-4 that the fabric samples received for antibacterial property analysis when tested as per AATCC 100-2019 method showed antibacterial activity.
Experiment 2c: Evaluation of antiviral activity (Modified AATCC 100 – 2012)
Test microorganism information:
MS2 Bacteriophage (MS2) is an RNA virus of the family Leviviridae. Escherichia coli 15597 are the hosts for MS2 bacteriophages. Due to its environmental resistance, MS2 bacteriophages were used as a surrogate virus (particularly in place of Picornaviruses such as Poliovirus and human Norovirus) in water quality and antimicrobial studies.
Virus: MS2 Bacteriophage
Permissive Host Cell: Escherichia coli ATCC 15597
Test parameters used in study:
• sample size: 48 mm discs;
• number of swatches used: 0.75 gram;
• method of sterilization of sample: autoclaving;
• viral inoculum volume: 0.5 ml; 1.30 x 105 PFU/ ml;
• host cell line: E. coli 15597;
• dilution medium: Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS);
• contact time: 24 hours at 35°C;
• TSA Neutralizer: 10 ml D/E broth;
• assay medium: 50% TSA agar; and
• incubation period: 48 hours.

Procedure:
Test and control fabrics were cut into appropriately-sized swatches of 50 mm diameter and stacked. The numbers of swatches taken were enough to absorb the entire liquid inoculum of 0.5 ml quantity. Stock virus was standardized to prepare a test inoculum. Test and control materials were inoculated with the test virus, and incubated in a humid environment at 350°C temperature for the 24 hours contact time. The viral concentration was determined at “Time Zero” to verify the target inoculums using plaque assay techniques. Assay plates were incubated for 48 hours for the virus-host cell system. After the incubation period, following neutralization, the carrier suspensions were quantified to determine the levels of infectious virus survived and the assay was scored for titre of test virus. Adequate control was implemented to verify neutralization effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent with Neutralizer used. Percent reductions were computed for test fabric relative to the Time Zero enumeration(s), and reported. Fabric swatches in contact with individual test cultures for 24 hrs at 37?C showed the following results:
Table-5: Evaluation of antiviral activity (Modified AATCC 100 – 2012) on the antiviral and antimicrobial fabrics produced in accordance with the present disclosure:

Sample Identification Test Organism: MS2 Bacteriophage Log Reduction of Virus
at 24 hours Percentage Reduction of Virus
at 24 hours
Average PFU/ Carrier at 0 hours (B) Average PFU/ Carrier at 24 hours (A)
PFU Log PFU Log
Woven fabric sample 8.70 x104 4.93 2.00 x 102 2.30 2.63 99.77
Untreated lab control 1.50 x 105 5.17 0.00 0.00
Calculations:
• PFU: Plaque Forming Unit = No. of Microorganisms;
• Percentage Reduction = (B – A/ B) x 100; and
• Log reduction Log (B/A).
wherein:
B = Number of viable test microorganisms on the control carriers immediately after inoculation; and
A = Number of viable test microorganisms on the test carriers after the contact time.
It can be clearly seen from Table 5 that the woven fabric sample of the present disclosure has shown 99.77% reduction of virus in 24 hours when analyzed as per AATCC 100 - 2012 test method using MS2 Bacteriophage as surrogate virus.
Experiment 2d: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity (AATCC 100 – 2012) and Anti-viral Activity (Modified AATCC 100 – 2012)
The antiviral and antimicrobial activity of the fabric obtained by the present disclosure was tested by using the Test Standard: AATCC 100-2012 and modified AATCC 100-2012, the following results were obtained:
Table-6: Assessment of antimicrobial and antiviral property of the treated fabric (AATCC 100-2012 and modified AATCC 100-2012 tests)
Sr. No Q. No Blend Type of test Test Method Name of Virus and Bacteria % Reduction in 24 Hrs Status
1. 974884/1 (polyester viscose fabric)
Poly/ Vis-elastane
Antiviral Modified AATCC100-2012 MS2 99.81 % Pass
Anti-microbial AATCC100-2012 Staphylococcus Aureus >99.99 % Pass
Klebsiella Pneumoniae 99.76 % Pass
2. 980080/3 (polyester wool fabric) Poly/ Wool elastane Antiviral Modified AATCC 100-2012 MS2 99.05 % Pass
Anti-microbial AATCC100-2012 Staphylococcus Aureus 99.87 % Pass
Klebsiella Pneumoniae 96.59% Pass
Thus, it can be clearly seen from the Table 6 that, all the fabrics, treated with the formulations of the present disclosure possess antiviral and antimicrobial property. The fabrics prepared in accordance with the present disclosure passes the tests, when tested according to AATCC 100-2012 and modified AATCC 100-2012.
The antiviral activity of the fabric obtained by present disclosure was tested for antiviral activity with enveloped virus like Influenza, Covid 19, H1N1 and the like as per test method ISO 18184 -2019. The tests have been passed successfully and the following results were obtained as:
Table-7: Assessment of antiviral activity as per test method ISO 18184 -2019
Quality No. Test method Effectiveness of antiviral activity
974884/1 D1 (polyester viscose fabric) ISO 18184 99.99 %
980080/3 D1 (polyester wool fabric) ISO 18184 99.99 %
Thus, it can be clearly seen from the Table 7 that the fabrics treated with the formulations of the present disclosure possess antiviral property. The fabrics of the present disclosure passes the tests, when tested according to test method ISO 18184 -2019, hence it is proved to be effective to tackle virus like Influenza, Covid 19, and H1N1.
The fabric with the antiviral and antimicrobial finish was capable of retaining the antiviral and antimicrobial properties up to 100 launderings as per program 7A of ISO 6330 and as tested by test protocol AATCC – 100, AATCC – 147, AATCC – 30, AATCC – 194 and modified AATCC-100. Figure-3 illustrates the antiviral and antimicrobial fabric of the present disclosure after 50 washings. Thus, the fabric of the present disclosure has a long lasting anti-viral and anti-microbial effect.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND ECONOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of:
• an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics that is non – cytotoxic and is compatible with all the normal finishes applied to fabrics;
• an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics that does not alter the tone, color, hand-feel and appearance of the fabric compared to normal finished fabric;
• a fabric with an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish that passes the tests when tested according to AATCC – 100, AATCC – 147, modified AATCC – 100 with MS2 Virus; and ISO 18184
• a fabric with an antiviral and an antimicrobial finish that is durable up to 50 home launderings as per program 7A of ISO 6330 and various abrasion conditions.
Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step,” or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.
The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions, and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.
One of the objects of the Patent Law is to provide protection to new technologies in all fields and domain of technologies. The new technologies shall or may contribute in the country economy growth by way of involvement of new efficient and quality method or product manufacturing in India. To provide the protection of new technologies by patenting the product or process will contribute significant for innovation development in the country. Further by granting patent the patentee can contribute in manufacturing the new product or new process of manufacturing by him or by technology collaboration or through the licensing.
The applicant submits that the present disclosure will contribute in country economy, which is one of the purposes to enact the Patents Act, 1970. The product in accordance with present invention will be in great demand in country and worldwide due to novel technical features of a present invention is a technical advancement in the automotive industry. The technology in accordance with present disclosure will provide product cheaper, saving in time of total process of manufacturing. The saving in production time will improve the productivity, and cost cutting of the product, which will directly contribute to economy of the country.
The product will contribute new concept in the area of antiviral and antimicrobial fabrics, wherein patented process and product will be used. The present disclosure will replace the whole concept of fabric manufacturing being used in the world from several decades. The product is developed in the national interest and will contribute to country economy. The economy significance details requirement may be called during the examination. Only after filing of this Patent application, the applicant can work publically related to present disclosure product/process/method. The applicant will disclose all the details related to the economic significance contribution after the protection of invention.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. An antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics comprising:
• at least one active compound in an amount in the range of 0.2% to 1.5% of the total weight of the formulation, wherein the active compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,4,4', -trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 2-phenylphenol, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, clotrimazole, and chloroxylenol;
• at least one first alcohol in an amount in the range of 0.2% to 1.5% of the total weight of the formulation;
• at least one acrylic co-polymer in an amount in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation;
• at least one acid in an amount in the range of 3% to 15% of the total weight of the formulation;
• at least one metal compound in an amount in the range of 5% to 20% of the total weight of the formulation; and
• at least one fluid medium in an amount in the range of 42% to 87% of the total weight of the formulation.
2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first alcohol is selected from ethoxylated fatty alcohols and terpineol.
3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acrylic copolymer is a blend of primary, secondary and tertiary acrylic polymers.
4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acid is an organic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, uric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid.
5. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, copper pyrithione, and silver pyrithione.
6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fluid medium is selected from water, a second alcohol (C2-C4) and a combination thereof.
7. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal compound is zinc pyrithone.
8. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said formulation optionally comprises at least one micro amino silicone in an amount in the range of 0.5% to 1.5% of the total weight of the formulation.
9. A process for preparing an antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation, said process comprising the following steps:
• mixing predetermined amounts of an active compound, at least one first alcohol and at least one fluid medium to obtain a first solution;
• separately mixing predetermined amounts of a metal compound, an acrylic copolymer and acetic acid to obtain a second solution; and
• blending said first solution and said second solution in a predetermined ratio to obtain the antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation.
10. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein said predetermined amounts of:
• said active compound is in the range of 0.2% to 1.5% with respect to the total weight of the formulation;
• said first alcohol is in the range of 0.2% to 1.5% with respect to the total weight of the formulation;
• said fluid medium is in the range of 42% to 87% with respect to the total weight of the formulation;
• said metal compound is in the range of 5% to 20% with respect to the total weight of the formulation;
• said acrylic copolymer is in the range of 5% to 20% with respect to the total weight of the formulation; and
• said acid is in the range of 3% to 15% with respect to the total weight of the formulation.
11. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein said predetermined ratio of said first solution to said second solution is in the range of 1:1 to 2:1 of the total weight of the formulation.
12. A process for producing a fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish, said process comprising the following steps:
• obtaining a fabric selected from the group consisting of wool, rayon, polyester, polyester viscose, polyester wool, cotton and combinations thereof;
• subjecting said fabric to a step of pre-treatment to obtain a pre-treated fabric;
• soaking said pre-treated fabric in said antiviral and antimicrobial finish formulation for fabrics as claimed in claim 1 at a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 50 °C to obtain a soaked fabric; and
• subjecting said soaked fabric to a step of post-treatment to obtain said fabric having antiviral and antimicrobial finish.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein said step (b) of pre-treatment comprises at least one operation selected from the group consisting of scouring at a temperature in the range of 55 °C to 65 °C, followed by drying, heat setting, dyeing, singeing, crabbing, and shearing.
14. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein said step (d) of post-treatment is selected from the group consisting of drying at a temperature in the range of 90 °C to 160 °C, followed at least one operation selected from by pressing and decatising.
15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one micro amino silicone is added to the antiviral and antimicrobial formulation in an amount in the range of 0.5 % to 1.5 % of the total formulation.
16. A fabric having an antiviral and antimicrobial finish produced using the formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fabric is capable of retaining the antimicrobial and antiviral properties up to 50 launderings as tested by test protocol modified AATCC 100 with MS2 Virus, AATCC 100, and AATCC – 147.