DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to an apparatus for solid waste management.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As per a recent study by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), urban India generates about 47 million tones of solid waste (garbage) every year. A planned disposal of the solid waste is quintessential for attaining sustainability. Traditionally, the process of solid waste management by any governing body, like a municipal corporation, is four-tier process – street sweeping, waste collection, waste transportation, and waste disposal. All the four steps can be considered as the core or prime pillars of an effective solid waste management process. In most cities the solid waste is disposed in landfills away from the city.
Particularly, solid waste management in India has three major steps:
1. Agency - 1 - Collects solid waste from houses, societies, markets etc. manually and after collection it is being stored into pits,
2. Agency - 2 - Shifts the solid waste from pits to Landfills.
3. Agency -3 - Manages the Landfills
Management of landfills has become a difficult task in view of the tonnes of waste produced everyday. Moreover, the collection, shifting and management of the waste require utilisation of the conventional energy and thus, increasing the consumption of the non-renewable sources of energy. Landfills are now designed with bioreactor technology to accelerate the biological decomposition of at least the organic part of the waste (e.g. food, plants, paper, etc.) in a landfill by promoting conditions necessary for the micro-organisms that degrade the waste and produce biogas.
However, the aforesaid technology and the conventional steps of the solid waste management put extra load on the conventional sources of energy which has become expensive and even harms the atmosphere. The transportation of the waste from homes or places alike to the pits and then to the landfills adds extra cost to the solid waste management. The increase in population and demand of electricity will be double in next 10 years and it will increase the CO2 emission level also to two times of the present scenario.
Therefore, there is a requirement for a system, an apparatus and a method to mitigate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the solid waste management by engaging the renewable sources of energy for the aforesaid activities.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for solid waste management.
It is another object of the present invention to reduce the transportation cost of the waste from pits to landfills.
It is another object of the present invention to substantially reduce the waste from landfills.
It is another object of the present invention to provide real-time monitoring, information and instructions to the users for efficient solid waste management.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for waste management and compositing of the solid waste comprising: a housing, a camera, an internet router configured for data communication to a cloud server, a fire detection unit fixed inside the housing configured to sense and alarm the users of emergency situations, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors fixed inside the housing, a plurality of LEDs, an opening in the housing to receive waste for processing, a door on the housing, a bin detachably fixed inside the housing to collect the processed waste and a power unit to supply power.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the camera provides real time monitoring to the users.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of ultrasonic sensors provides indication of the level of the waste inside.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power unit is connected to a solar power unit and/or an electrical power unit for supplying power.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprising a compactor to compact the solid waste.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compactor is a vertical compactor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical compactor is driven by a motor mechanism.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical compactor is driven by a cylinder mechanism comprising a 3-stage telescopic cylinder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compactor is a horizontal compactor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprising a crusher to crush the solid waste.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the crusher further comprises a plurality of load adjustment screws, means for fine correction, means for coarse correction, a filtering film attached on the bin to remove fluid content from the solid waste and a pair of openings at bottom portion of the housing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the load adjustment screws are operable externally.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG.1 is an inside operational view of a solar device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG.2 is a representation of electrical connections for powering a solar device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG.3 illustrates different views of a solar or power enabled device with a screw type vertical compactor driven by motor means according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a solar or power enabled device with a cylinder type vertical compactor driven by cylinder means according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a solar or power enabled device with a hydraulically operable horizontal compactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a solar or power enabled device with a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates a crusher section of the solar or power enabled device with a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 illustrates a process of garbage separation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided merely as an example or illustration of the present invention, and should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The embodiment provided herein is for the purpose of filing the complete specification.
The terms “garbage”, “solid waste” and “separated material” have been used interchangeably.
The term device refers to a solar device, power device or a solar-power enabled device and the said terms have been used interchangeably.
FIG.1 is an inside operational view of a device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device (100) may be a solar or power enabled device. The solar device (100) has a camera (110) enablement for live recording of the surrounding activities and working of the solar device (100), an internet router (112) for online controlling, monitoring, transferring/receiving of data and allowing communications for instructing the users of the solar device (100), a fire detection unit (114) to detect emergency situations like fire and raise alarms thereon, ultrasonic sensors (310) to sense the level of solid waste in a bin (306), a plurality of level indicators (104) to indicate the level of the waste contained in the solar device (100) using the ultrasonic sensors, a compactor (106) or a crusher (108) selectively depending on the user’s choice arranged in the solar device (100), a door (302) on the front side of the solar device (100), the bin (306) arranged internally resting on the bottom side of the device, a lever (230) on the door (302) to detachably remove the bin (306).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the camera (110) is a 360 degree rotating camera system to record the surrounding activities and the internal working of the components of the solar device (100) which may either be enabled with compaction or crushing mechanism of the solid waste. The working of the solar device of the present embodiment is also made available for real-time monitoring by the users.
FIG.2 is a representation of electrical connections for powering a solar device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention. A solar panel (200) of required capacity, depending on the user’s choice is connected to the solar device (100). The solar panel (100) may be installed on the top portion of the solar device (100) or may be installed independently from the solar device (100) for powering purpose. Accordingly, the solar power from the solar panels (200) is transferred to a charge controller (204) before feeding to a battery (202), which ensures that the batteries are not overcharged. The charge controller (204) then transfers the charge to a 12 Volt battery which provides desired current e.g. 25 amperes current. A terminal strip (208) is connected between the charge controller (204) and the electrical loads to allow connecting one or more electrical circuits or components for power distribution from the charge controller (204) to the connected loads. A fuse panel (206) is connected between the charge controller (204) and the load for safety purpose during short circuits in electrical connections.
FIG.3 illustrates different views of a solar device (100) enabled with a screw type vertical compactor (106) driven by motor means (304) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solar device (100) which comprises a solar panel (200), a charge controller (204), a battery (202), a terminal block (208) and a fuse panel (206) are placed on the top of the solar device (100) as shown in section D-D of the present figure; the solar panels (200) are fixed on a top surface of the solar device (100) like a solar roof to make the whole system sufficiently compact and portable for users. Similarly, the battery (202), charge controller (204) and the fuse panel (206) are arranged on the top surface of the solar device (100).
A front surface of the solar device (100) has a door (302), indicators (301) fixed above the door (302) on the front surface, the indicators (301) may be LED indicators and a lever (230) fixed on the door (302) on the front surface opening to place or pull out a container (306) placed inside the solar device (100) for containing the solid waste after compaction as shown in front view section D-D of the FIG. 3. The container may be a bin (306) placed detachably inside the solar device (100). The LED indicators (301) provide indication to the users about the working status of the solar device (100). For e.g., an LED will light up when the solar compactor device is switched ON, OFF or TRIP. The top view of the solar device (100) is shown in the instant figure to bring out the instant invention clearly.
Section A-A of the instant figure shows arrangement of the hardware components of the solar device (100) enabled with the compactor (106). The screw type compacting system (106) of the present invention comprising a coupling means (305) for the chain drive mechanism, a motor (304), chain (309), ultrasonic sensors (310), sprocket (303), threaded screw (308), stud, angle, trolley, thrust ball bearing (307) and a plate.
Section C-C of the instant figure shows the working of the chain drive of the present invention wherein the drive chain 309 connects a motor (304) through sprockets (231) and coupling (305) and chain is also connected to sprockets (303) arranged at four corners equally distant from the motor. The motor 304 is mounted centrally on a bar so as to be centrally located between the screws and the drive sprocket is located vertically at a height between the upper and lower parts and centrally between the four sprockets. Motor shaft is connected to a sprocket through a coupling. The motorized screw drive sprocket (231) drives a chain to pass through each of the four sprockets (303), which are located on the respective screws. Each sprocket 303 in mounted over a threaded screw (308)
Section F shows the detailed view of how motor ( 304) is connected to motor driven sprocket (231) through a coupling (305).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the level of the bin (306) in the solar device (100) filled with the solid waste is indicated by the level indicators (104) to determine the action to be performed. If the indicator (104) indicates a low level, the device (100) will perform no action, if the indicator (104) indicates a medium level, the device (100) will perform compacting action and if the indicator (104) indicates a high level, the device (100) will send a message with location tag to the nearby care taker to take off the dustbin and then to perform a pre-defined function. Examples of the working of the solar device (100) of the present invention with respect to the level indicators are described below:
COMPACTION LEVEL ABOVE 75 %
Section D-D of the instant figure illustrates working of the compactor (106) and the components thereof. The garbage level in the bin (306) is detected by sensors like either Ultrasonic Sensor or Radar Sensor (309) which is selected depending upon the type of garbage or accuracy requirement for level measurement (AI-01). The working is such that if the level of the solid waste in the bin (306) is in the filled zone (approx. 75%), then door (302) of the solar device (100) will remain closed (DO-01) and the motor (304) gets a forward command (DO 02). Upon receiving the forward command, the motorized sprocket (231) will drive the chain (309) so that all sprockets (303) connected to the threaded screw (308) are connected to the stud. Detailed view of the sprocket (303) and thrust ball bearing (307) is shown in FIG. 3 – View E. The motor current provided either by the solar power or the normal power is monitored by the motor controller (AI-02). If the motor current is higher than the specified limit then motor will be reversed (DO 03).
COMPACTION LEVEL BELOW 75 %
Ultrasonic server which is enabled with real-time monitoring of the compaction level of solar device (100) will check for the compaction level. If the compaction level is sensed less than the defined limit, then the internet enabled means will immediately send a signal to nearby garbage filling van (DO 04). Each solar device (100) is GPS enabled so that the location of the device (100) is traceable by the vans for garbage deposition.
Subsequently, the cloud system will guide the garbage filling van of the route and location of the nearby solar devices (100) to enable the van to follow the shortest path to reach and cover maximum number of solar devices (100) coming on the route. All the signal are communicated to the Cloud system through transmission system designed on the basis of IIOT (Industrial internet of things) by using any of communication module i.e. Arduino based on Sim/4G- operated, etc.
FIRE DETECTION
The solar device (100) of the present invention is provided with safety measures, particularly with regard to the fire safety measure using a fire detection unit (114). The compaction works at a high pressure, temperature and therefore, there is a possibility of causing damage to the device from fire or other factors of the real world. In order to refrain or to control the fire timely, fire sensors (114) are fixed to the solar device (100) to detected fire (DI – 01). In any such case, cloud system will initiate the required action to control fire by immediately communicating to nearest fire station and simultaneously, activating the fire server which will automatically close the door (302) of the solar device (100) and a forward action by the motor to control the fire will be taken. The solar device (100) will repeat the actions till the fire is controlled or extinguished. Also, the camera (110) (CI – 01) mounted near the cabin keeps sending pictures on the Cloud system through IIOT based on the user’s requirement i.e. real time view or at pre-defined interval, considering safety of surrounding area.
According to an embodiment of the present invention the IIOT system provides Wi-Fi internet connection through the router (112), thereby enabling the users staying within the range of the router (112) to access the internet available from the IIOT of the present invention. Moreover, the advertisement boards around the housing of the solar device (100) are made solar powered to at least display the initiatives made by the government or the users\ and for other alike purposes
The above description of all analog input, digital input, digital output, location output, camera input and Wi-fi router with respect to the Cloud system and IIOT (Industrial Internet of things) is provided for clarity in tabular format below:
# Type of I/O Components Working and arrangement with respect to the Cloud
01 Analog Input (AI) - 01 Ultrasonic Level Sensor Cloud and IIOT.
Cloud – For level display of garbage to all internet users.
IIOT – To control the level of garbage bin.
02 Analog Input (AI) - 02 Motor Current IIOT – To control the direction of motor
03 Digital Input (DI) - 01 Fire Alarm Cloud – For passing instruction to govt. authorities for preventive action.
IIOT – To control the Fire.
04 Digital Input (DI) - 02 Compactor home (Fully Up) position Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
IIOT – Compactor home position.
05 Digital Input (DI) - 03 Compactor fully down position Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
IIOT – Compactor fully down position
06 Camera Input (CI) - 01 Camera Cloud – Area surrounding real time images are visible to all internet users and images are stored on server for government authorities.
07 Digital Output (DO) - 01 Lock dustbin door Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
IIOT – To control the dustbin door.
08 Digital Output (DO) - 02 Motor forward action Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
IIOT – To compact the garbage.
09 Digital Output (DO) - 03 Motor reverse action Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
IIOT – To compact the garbage.
10 Digital Output (DO) - 04 Garbage Compacted and bin is full Cloud – For MMI (Man machine interface) operation display to all users.
Signal to the nearest garbage lifting van and suggest him the shortest route to collect all filled garbage bins.
IIOT – Garbage compacted, Door is locked and will guide the nearest location to person willing to put more garbage into the system.
11 Location GPS Enabled Cloud – For present position of the garbage bin.
12 Wi-Fi Router For nearby people.
13 Advertising Board Powered with Solar –Make in India

FIG. 4 illustrates a solar device (100) enabled with a Telescopic Cylinder type vertical compactor (106) driven by cylinder means (401) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The working and arrangement of the cylinder type vertical compactor (106) with respect to the embodiment of the present invention is similar to the working and arrangement described above for the screw type vertical compactor (106). The mode of compaction in the present embodiment is available with a cylinder drive which applies either hydraulic pressure or the pneumatic pressure depending on the user’s requirement and type of the solid waste available for compaction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder type compaction used is telescopic (401) and its operation is either based on pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders depending upon the size of the garbage quantity required for compaction. Preferably, the garbage compaction up to 1 ton should be with either motorized means or in case of telescopic cylinder, it should be operated by pneumatic means. Accordingly, the garbage quantity of more than 1 Ton should be horizontally compacted with telescopic cylinder enabled with hydraulic means.
As shown in Section A-A of the instant figure, the compaction of the solid waste inside the solar device (100) is carried by means of a telescopic cylinder fixed at the centre of the upper bar. The cylinder in the open stroke telescopically applies force to the compactor either by the hydraulic means of the pneumatic means and at the subsequent stroke the cylinder is closed and accordingly, the resting position is shown.
FIG. 5 illustrates a solar device (100) enabled with a horizontal compactor (106) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal compactor (106) of the present invention may be of a size ranging from 1 ton to 10 tons. The compactor (106) may be an telescopic cylinder based which may compact the solid waste up to 10 tones or even more. The horizontal compactor (106) is used to compact separated items i.e. Paper, Aluminium or Non Ferrous items, Iron or Ferrous items, Plastic, etc. the separation procedure of the above mentioned items is described in subsequent sections of the detailed description and particularly described in Fig. 8.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the instant figure shows a front view of the horizontal compactor (106), preferably of compaction volume 24M X 5M X 3M. The garbage (solid waste) or separated items are fed through automatic feeder / BIN – Hopper / Garbage or Separated items or Separated Material unloader, preferably of volume 7M X 4M X 1.5M. The hydraulic system is connected to the compactor (106) for operating the horizontal compactor. The hydraulic system comprises a tank top (501) mounted on the hydraulic system, a hydraulic valve panel (503) to operate the compaction cycle, a hydraulic cylinder (504) and a 3-stage hydraulic telescopic cylinder (502) for Garbage or Separated items or Separated Material compaction. The size of the telescopic cylinder (502) is 0.27M X 0.13M X 24M. The hydraulic valve panel (503) controls the movement of garbage or separated items or Separated Material cylinder and whenever there is movement of cylinder garbage, the separated items or separated material feeding is stopped. The horizontal compactor (106) has a hopper (509) to receive and convey ahead the garbage or separated items for compaction. The separated items fed by a belt conveyor (510) are compacted against the end garbage pusher plate (513), preferably of 25 mm thickness and dimension 4M X 5M. The pusher plate (513) is connected to the telescopic cylinder which will push the entire garbage or separated materials to the end garbage plate for compaction and then end garbage plate is lifted by a lifting cylinder, preferably of volume 100mm X 50mm X 3000mm.
The top view of the instant figure shows that the end garbage pusher plate (513) is supported by a bolt eye connected with chain (505) and supported by a pulley block (506) for cylinder lifting and a lifting cylinder support arrangement (507).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solar device (100) is provided with load cells (515) to continuously monitor the actual load of the garbage waste (solid waste) in the compactor (106) and the load monitoring is also made available online using the internet enablement as described in previous sections. Once the load available in the horizontal compactor (106) is within the predetermined range, the garbage is compacted by the hydraulic system and the compactor (106).
The working cycle of the horizontal compactor (106) with respect to the positioning of the garbage carrying vehicle is explained below:
A. Hopper gate charges material from top (say up to 4T) if system is ready to receive the Garbage or Separated items / Material. (DO – 02 is Enabled).
1. DI (Digital Input) – 01 – Enabled, PS1 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at home position.
2. DI (Digital Input) – 02 – Disabled, PS2 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 8M position.
3. DI (Digital Input) – 03 – Disabled, PS3 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 16M position.
4. DI (Digital Input) – 04 – Disabled, PS4 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 24M position.
5. Valve – V1 (Pressure line shall be connected to tank and there shall be no operation of any cylinder) is Enabled and Valve – V2 (To enable telescopic cylinder operations) is disabled.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 01, which indicates that Telescopic cylinder is at its home position.
• System is ready to receive the Garbage or Separated items when both the conditions mentioned below are met -
1. AI (Analog Input) – 01 - Weight of the Garbage or Separated items inside the compactor. If it is lesser then the required.
2. DO – 01is Enabled.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 02, which indicates that system is ready to take the Garbage or Separated items.
• If the DO-02 is enabled then the system is ready to take more Garbage or Separated items i.e. Paper, Aluminum or Non Ferrous items, Iron or Ferrous items, Plastic etc. Separation procedure of the above mentioned items are described in subsequent sections of the description.
B. Conditions for DO - 03, which indicates that Telescopic cylinder is at its 8M position. Once Garbage or Separated items are received in the horizontal compactor then Valve V2 is enabled to have forward action of telescopic cylinder. Once telescopic cylinder reaches position – 8M
1. DI (Digital Input) – 01 – Disabled, PS1 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at home position.
2. DI (Digital Input) – 02 – Enabled, PS2 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 8M position.
3. DI (Digital Input) – 03 – Disabled, PS3 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 16M position.
4. DI (Digital Input) – 04 – Disabled, PS4 – Proximity Switch - Telescopic cylinder is at 24M position.
5. Valve – V1 - Disabled and Valve – V2 - Enabled (To enable telescopic cylinder operations). Valve – V3 – Enabled to have forward direction movement.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 03, which indicates that Telescopic cylinder is at its 8M position.
C. Digital Output – DO - 04, which indicates that Telescopic cylinder, is moving in the reverse direction till it reached to the home position. If any of the condition mentioned below is enabled.
1. DO-03 is enabled.
2. AI (Analog Input) – 03 Telescopic cylinder pressure is more than set point – 1.
AND
DI-01 is disabled (System shall keep moving till it reached to Proximity Switch – 1.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 04, which indicates that Telescopic cylinder is moving in the reverse direction till it reached to the home position.
D. Digital Output – DO – 04 to stop the Garbage or Separated items feeding cycle.
Garbage or Separated items feeding cycle shall continue till any of the below mentioned conditions are met.
1. Garbage or Separated items are filled up to the desired weight. AI (Analog Input) – 01 is more than or equal to the Set point no – 01.
2. Garbage or Separated items are filled up to the desired dimension. AI (Analog Input) – 02 – Ultrasonic / Radar sensor mounted on telescopic cylinder wall measures the actual size of Garbage or Separated items in Hydraulic Compactor.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO – 04 to stop the Garbage or Separated items feeding cycle and initiate the Compacting action and start compacted Garbage or Separated items loading to the truck.
E. Compacting Action:-
1. As DO – 04 is enabled,
2. Valve – V1 – Disabled.
3. Valve – V2 - Enabled (To enable telescopic cylinder operations).
4. Valve – V3 – Enabled to have forward direction movement till the AI-03 (Pressure) at Telescopic cylinder reaches to Set point – 02 (Garbage or Separated items Compacted).
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO – 05 to stop the Garbage or Separated items compaction and shall indicate that Garbage or Separated items are compacted.
• System shall initiate reverse direction movement by disabling Valve V-3 and enabling Valve – V4 for a predefined time (Less than 60 Sec.). After completion of reverse cycle system shall generate the DO-06 to indicate Garbage or Separated items is compacted and Telescopic cylinder is at loading position.
• System shall disable V3 and V4 and shall enable V5 (To lift item no – 4 as per Sheet 3) till it reached lifted position DI – 07 – Proximity switch – Enabled.
F. Truck Loading Cycle - Truck loading cycle shall be initiated once below mentioned conditions are met.
1. DI (Digital Input) – 05 Enabled that truck is positioned.
2. DI (Digital Input) – 07 – Enabled –End Garbage or Separated items pusher plate is lifted to top position.
• System shall initiate DO (Digital Output) – 07, which will indicate healthy condition for loading process. And below mentioned action shall be initiated.
• Valve – V1 - Disabled and Valve – V2 - Enabled (To enable telescopic cylinder operations). Valve – V3 – Enabled to have forward direction movement till
a. Either AI-03 (Pressure) at Telescopic cylinder is more then set point – 03 (Garbage or Separated items Path is obstructed). System shall generate a digital output – DO – 07 (Error Flag)
OR
b. DI – 03 is enabled – Telescopic cylinder is to it’s last position.
• System shall generate the DO-08 to indicate Garbage or Separated items are loaded to the truck.
After truck loading Telescopic cylinder shall return to its home position. Below mentioned action shall be initiated for –
G. Getting Telescopic Cylinder to its home position :-
1. System shall initiate reverse direction movement by disabling Valve V-3 and enabling Valve – V4 till it reaches to home position i.e. DI-01 is enabled.
2. System shall initiate downward direction movement by disabling Valve V-5 and enabling Valve – V6 till item 4 reaches to home position. DI (Digital Input) – 08 is enabled – Lifting cylinder is at home position.
FIG. 6 illustrates a solar device (100) enabled with a crusher (108) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As described in previous sections, the compactor (106) of the solar device (100) is replaceable with a crusher (108) for crushing the garbage which is separated in the following: Paper, Aluminium or Non Ferrous items, Iron or Ferrous items, Plastic etc. The solar device (100) in the instant embodiment comprising a bin (306) placable at the bottom section of the solar device (100 to collect the crushed waste, a lever (230) to pull out the bin (306), LED indicators (301), a plurality of load adjustment screws (604), adjustment means (602) for fine correction, adjustment means (603) for coarse correction of the output size of the crushed waste.
The front view of the solar device (100) enabled with the crusher (108) as shown in the instant figure has three LED indicators (301), the lever (230) to pull out the bin (306), multiple openings (601a, 601b)at the bottom edges to remove the fluid from the crushed waste for composting, when used for wet waste crushing. The load adjustment screws (604) are operable externally from the solar device (100) for load adjustments. The solar device (100) has a filtering screen which may be a water screen (605) below the bin (306) to filter the water from the crushed waste and suitably prepare the waste for composting.
The basic specialty of the crusher (108) is to have output size correction and load correction. The crusher (108) is also provided with a safety provision to adjustably receive the heavy size particles like iron rod etc. The safety provision provides adjustment of the load adjustment screw (604) to provide a free passage without impacting or damaging the crusher teeth (706) of the crusher (108) and trips the solar device (100) for rectification. The crusher (108) of the present invention is usable for wet waste i.e. Food waste etc.
The arrangement of parts of the crusher (108) arranged in the solar device (100) is shown in view A-A of the instant figure. The garbage is fed inside the solar device (100) through an automatic feeder as shown in Fig 8. The loaded material is crushed using the crushing teeth (706) which are detachably mounted on a crushing roll. The crushing rolls (705, 707) are multiple in numbers and each single roll is driven by an electric motor with a gear cum pinion box (703). The crushing rolls (705, 707) are supported on a bearing block (704) which provides a frictionless movement. Both the rolls (705, 707) are tied together in a housing made of steel to have each driving roll (705, 707) connected to a coupling means (702) in such a manner that one crushing roll is a driver roll (705) while another being a driven roll (707). The coupling means (702) are electrically driven by an electric motor.
The coarse (603) and fine adjustment (602) of the crushed waste is obtained by connecting the crushing rolls (705, 707) together with the spring loaded adjustment screws (604). The load adjustment screws (604) are manually operable from the outside of the solar device (100) to adjust the size and coarse correction of the crushed waste as per the user’s requirements. In case if the load on the system increases beyond the mechanical load set point set, then through the load adjustment screws (604) housing will open to give a free passage to the material fed into the bin (306).
Once the solar device (100) is filled with garbage, the material feeding will stop automatically and crushing of the garbage will start. Now to restart the system, the bin (306) has to be emptied by removing it out from the solar device (100). In case the load adjusting screw (604) is operated during the crushing operations, then the crusher (108) will automatically stop working as a safety measure. Now to restart crushing, the solar device (100) will be reset to correct the faults of operating the load adjusting screw (604).
FIG. 7 illustrates a crusher section of the solar device (100) enabled with a crusher (108) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The working profile is described below:
Hopper gate charges material from top if system is ready to receive the Material (DO – 01 is Enabled) if below mentioned all conditions are healthy.
1. DI (Digital Input) – 01 – Disabled, PS1 – Load switch – 1, means Load is within safe limit.
2. DI (Digital Input) – 02 – Disabled, PS2 – Load switch – 2, means Load is within safe limit.
3. DI (Digital Input) – 03 – Disabled, PS3 – Load switch – 3, means Load is within safe limit.
4. DI (Digital Input) – 04 – Disabled, PS4 – Load switch – 4, means Load is within safe limit.
5. DO (Digital Output) – 02 – Crusher Motor M1 is running and healthy.
6. DI (Digital Input) – 05 – Enabled, LS1 – Bin is in position
7. DO (Digital Output) – 05 – Enabled - Crusher motor ON and OFF Order.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 01, which indicates that the System is working and safe.
DO (Digital Output) – 02 – Crusher Motor M1 is running and healthy. if below mentioned all conditions are healthy.
3. DI (Digital Input) – 06 – Enabled, Overload relay is healthy.
4. DI (Digital Input) – 07 – Enabled, Crusher motor contactor is ON.
5. DO (Digital Output) – 03 – Disabled, Which means Crusher Motor M1 is Not Tripped.
6. DO (Digital Output) – 05 – Enabled - Crusher motor ON and OFF Order.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 02, which indicates that the Crusher Motor M1 is running and healthy. It indicates that the Crusher Motor M1 is ON. Consequently, led indication will be indicated.
DO (Digital Output) – 03 – Crusher Motor M1 is Tripped. If any of the below mentioned condition is healthy.
7. DI (Digital Input) – 06 – Disabled means Overload relay is Tripped.
8. DI (Digital Input) – 01 – Enabled, PS1 – Load switch – 1, means Load is not in safe limit.
9. DI (Digital Input) – 02 – Enabled, PS2 – Load switch – 2, means Load is not in safe limit.
10. DI (Digital Input) – 03 – Enabled, PS3 – Load switch – 3, means Load is not in safe limit.
11. DI (Digital Input) – 04 – Enabled, PS4 – Load switch – 4, means Load is not in safe limit.
• System shall generate a Digital Output – DO - 03, which indicates that the Crusher Motor M1 is tripped. It will lit the Trip Led indication Ref. - Sketch – 5 (CRUSHER) FIG – 1 (Front View) Item – 3
(Digital Output) – 04 – Crusher Motor M1 is OFF. If any of the below mentioned condition is healthy.
12. DI (Digital Input) – 07 – Disabled, Crusher motor contactor is ON Means crusher motor contactor is in OFF condition.
13. DO (Digital Output) – 05 – Disabled - Crusher motor ON and OFF order.
DO (Digital Output) – 05 - Crusher motor ON and OFF Order.
1. DI (Digital Input) – 08 – Enabled, Set output, which is triggered based on rise pulse of Motor on Request.
2. DI (Digital Input) – 09 – Disabled, OFF Request.
• System will generate DO (Digital Output) – 05 – Healthy till the time it is not reset by OFF req. DI – 09.
FIG. 8 illustrates a process of garbage separation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The garbage carried by the vehicle is composed of different type of wastes which are separated depending on their physical properties for efficient composting. The garbage is mainly composed of Paper, Glass, Iron or Magnetic material, etc and the garbage is separated in the following manner:
For Paper Separation: The garbage unloader truck unloads the garbage on running conveyor belt no. 01 (801). The garbage is lifted up to 4.5 meter level and it is spread through a chute (816) to 4M level. Then the garbage is passed through the rubber roller drum (802) installed at 3.5M, 4.5M, 5.5M and 6.5M level and simultaneously, the air pressure is applied from bottom through an air blower (814). The air pressure will make the lighter particles (e.g. paper) move to the 6M level conveyor belt no. 2 (803). The remaining heavier particles will fall back to the 2M level conveyor belt no. 3A (804). Thus, the lighter particles like paper are separated from the collected garbage and placed on Belt conveyor no – 2 (803) which moves the lighter particles to a hopper (811) arranged for garbage loading in the crusher (108) as shown in Fig. 6 and 7 or the compactor (106) for further processing of the solid waste as per the user’s choice.
Iron or Ferrous particle Separation: - The garbage material which falls on the converyer belt No. 3A (804) raised at 2 M level are compartively heavy material composed of Iron, Aluminium etc. These materials are separated by a rotating magnetic field from the Conveyor belt no.3A (804) to Conveyor belt no. 4A (805) at 3 M level. Iron particles move through a strong rotating magnetic field by the magnetic separator (812) which picks up the iron particle and drops the iron particles or ferrous particles on the conveyor belt no – 4A (805).
Glass Separation:- Conveyor belt no. – 3A (804) at 2M level carries the garbage which is mostly composed of plastic, aluminium and glass. Now, on the basis of their respective masses, the garbage is separated. The conveyor belt no. 3A (804) undergoes a controlled cyclone air pressure for separation using a cyclone separator (815). Considering the sizes of glass bottles, the glass bottles are taken to lower conveyor belt no. 4B (806) at 1 meter level and aluminium and plastics are shifted to upper Conveyor belt no – 3B (807) at 1.6 meter level.
Non Metallic and Metallic Item Separation:- Conveyor belt no – 3B (807) at 1.6 meter level carries garbage which mostly composed of aluminium and plastics. All metallic items are passed through eddy currents and the magnetic field produced by an eddy current separator (813). As a consequence, the metallic items are magnetised and fall to a conveyor belt 4C (808) at 1M level and the non-metallic items fall at conveyor belt 4D (809) at 0.5 meter level.
Accordingly, the separated garbage is fed into the solar device (100) which is equipped with the above described embodiments of the present invention. The solar device (100) may either comprise of a crusher or a compactor as described previously as per the user’s requirements. Also, the size of the compactor (106), crusher (108) and the solar device (100) along with the pressuring force, air pressure and other elements which are described above are selectively modifiable depending on the user’s requirements.
The advantages and effect of the present invention is mainly related to the healthier life and clean environment. The present invention provides a computerized control, online status and necessary access to the public and related authorities to reduce the accumulation of tonnes of waste on roads.
Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and drawings herein. The principles associated with the various embodiment defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to be provided the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel and inventive features describe/disclosed or suggested herein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. An apparatus (100) for waste management and compositing of the solid waste, said apparatus (100) comprising:
- a housing (116);
- a camera (110);
- an internet router (112) configured for data communication to a cloud server;
- a fire detection unit (114) fixed inside the housing configured to sense and alarm the users of emergency situations;
- a plurality of ultrasonic sensors (309) fixed inside the housing;
- a plurality of LEDs (301);
- an opening in the housing to receive waste for processing;
- a door (302) on the housing;
- a bin (306) detachably fixed inside the housing to collect the processed waste; and
- a power unit to supply power.
2. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the camera (110) provides real time monitoring to the users.
3. The apparatus (100 as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of ultrasonic sensors (309) provides indication of the level of the waste inside.
4. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power unit is connected to a solar power unit and/or an electrical power unit for supplying power.
5. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claims 1 to 4 further comprising a compactor (106) to compact the solid waste.
6. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the compactor (106) is a vertical compactor.
7. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the vertical compactor is driven by a motor mechanism.
8. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the vertical compactor is driven by a cylinder mechanism comprising a 3-stage telescopic cylinder (502).
9. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the compactor (106) is a horizontal compactor.
10. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1 to 4 further comprising a crusher (108) to crush the solid waste.
11. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the crusher (108) further comprises a plurality of load adjustment screws (604), means for fine correction (602), means for coarse correction (603), a filtering film (605) attached on the bin to remove fluid content from the solid waste and a pair of openings (601a, 601b) at bottom portion of the housing (116).
12. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the load adjustment screws (604) are operable externally.