DESC:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of atherosclerotic plaque detection systems, and in specific relates to, an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit for analyzing the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting arterial plaques in patients in early stages.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Poor nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to heart-related health problems, for example, the formation of arterial plaques. Arterial plaques (blood clots formed inside the walls of arteries that supply fresh oxygenated blood to all body parts, including the heart) are often undetected in the early stages due to a lack of highly sensitive detection methods. Such plaques develop in size over time, eventually becoming clots that occlude the coronary arteries (arteries that supply fresh oxygenated blood to the heart), resulting in heart attacks. Even in such cases, the physicians still use highly invasive catheter insertions along with the contrast dye to detect the blocks in coronary arteries.

[0003] Generally, the arterial plaques occur when cholesterol and other substances build up in the inner lining of the artery. This build-up can happen in any artery in the body and can develop into a condition called atherosclerosis, which can, in turn, lead to coronary artery disease, angina, a heart attack or potentially heart failure. High levels of bad cholesterol can indicate a higher risk of arterial plaque formation. The blood clots may completely cut off the blood flow through the arteries and starve the body’s tissues of oxygen and nutrients, which is the most common cause of heart attack. The coronary blood clots may partially block blood flow, which can cause heart damage.

[0004] The main risk factors for atherosclerosis include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, type 1 diabetes, and a high saturated fat diet. As the plaque slowly accumulates in the arterial wall, atherosclerosis symptoms may appear gradually and infrequently. The atherosclerosis symptoms may also change depending on the affected artery in the patient’s body. However, the atherosclerosis symptoms such as a heart attack, stroke, or blood clot may occur when a major artery is blocked in the patient’s body. The treatment of atherosclerosis may include lifestyle changes, medicines, and surgery.

[0005] At present, physicians or doctors may use a variety of different types of diagnostic test units and tools to detect and confirm the arterial plaque formation. The diagnostic test units and tools include an angiogram (arteriogram), cholesterol tests, a chest x-ray, a CT (computed tomography) scan, duplex scanning, an echocardiogram, an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), an exercise stress test (cardiac stress test), an intravascular ultrasound, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan, a PET (positron emission tomography) scan, and pharmacological stress testing. However, the diagnostic test units and tools have certain limitations for detecting the arterial plaque formations in the patient’s body.

[0006] The existing diagnostic methods, including computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and X-rays have certain limitations for detecting arterial plaque formations and atherosclerosis at early stages, thus making the diagnosis of the arterial plaque formations difficult. For example, the CTA with an injection of a specific dye is used for diagnosis of the arterial plaque formations. However, the specific dye injection can only detect the plaques that are formed, significantly blocking the arterial lumen at late or advanced stages. Therefore, the detection of plaques at later stages leads to cardiac bypass surgeries, which pose a risk to patients.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit for analyzing the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting arterial plaques in patients in their early stages. There is also a need for an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit with a contrast dye and the formation of antibodies that are highly specific to targeted Matrix Metallo Proteases-2 and Matrix Metallo Proteases-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). There is also a need for an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that diagnoses cardiovascular diseases. There is also a need for an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that avoids the formation of larger plaques. There is also a need for an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that prevents cardiac surgeries.

Objectives of the invention:
[0008] The primary objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit for analyzing the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting arterial plaques in patients at early stages.

[0009] Another objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit with a contrast dye and formation of antibodies that are highly specific to targeted Matrix Metallo Proteases-2 and Matrix Metallo Proteases-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9).

[0010] The other objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that diagnoses cardiovascular diseases.

[0011] The other objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that aids people in increasing or extending their life expectancy from cardiac arrests that are caused by late detection of the arterial plaque or atherosclerosis.

[0012] The other objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that performs non-invasive angiograms for early detection of arterial plaques.

[0013] Yet another objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that avoids formation of larger plaques by controlling them with medication or a diet suggested by a physician.

[0014] Further objective of the invention is to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit that prevents the need for expensive and invasive cardiac procedures, which include catheter insertion, stents, and bypass surgery.
Summary of the invention:
[0015] The present disclosure proposes an advanced detection unit for early detection of atherosclerotic plaque in patients and method thereof. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0016] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit for analyzing the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting arterial plaques in patients in early stages.

[0017] According to an aspect, the invention provides a method of operation of the advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in patients. In one embodiment herein, the advanced detection unit comprises an intravenous injection, the blood collection tube, the centrifuge, the serum collection tube, the contrast dye, gel contents, a wash buffer or incubation buffer and the antibodies. The gel contents includes 30% Acrylamide Bis-Acrylamide, 1.5 M Tris Solution (pH 8.8), H2O, Ammonium Persulphate, Tetramethylethylenediamine, Gelatine, Tris-Glycine Gel Running Buffer, Sample loading buffer, Staining Solution and destaining solution. The wash buffer or incubation buffer comprises 1 M of Tris-HCL pH-7.5, 2 M of CaCl2, 0.1 M ZnCl2.

[0018] In one embodiment herein, at one step, a blood sample from a patient is collected and preserved in the blood collection tube. In specific, the blood sample is preserved using a rubber cap holder. At another step, the blood collection tube is placed in the centrifuge to perform centrifugation process for separating serum from the blood sample. At another step, the separated serum is preserved in the serum collection tube. In specific, the serum is extracted using a pipette and preserved in the serum collection tube.

[0019] At another step, the serum is analyzed to identify the presence of one or more matrix metalloproteinases that are in lower concentrations using the advanced detection unit. In specific, the advanced detection unit comprises a contrast dye with highly sensitive antibodies that is configured to analyze the serum. In specific, the one or more matrix metalloproteinases include matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).

[0020] At another step, the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase is detected with the advanced detection unit, thereby indicating the early formation of the arterial plaque. At another step, a physician can diagnose the patients by suggesting a medication or a diet to control the arterial plaque or atherosclerosis at early stages, thereby preventing an invasive angiogram.

[0021] In one embodiment, the advanced detection unit aids in the early detection of arterial plaques, thereby preventing the formation of larger plaques and invasive cardiac procedures. In specific, the cardiac procedures include catheter insertion, stents, and bypass surgery.

[0022] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in patients, in accordance of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method of operation of the advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in the patients, in accordance of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0026] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.

[0027] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit for analysing the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting arterial plaques in patients in early stages.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a schematic diagram of an advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in patients. FIG. 2 refers to a flowchart 200 of a method of operation of the advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in patients. At step 202, a blood sample from a patient is collected and preserved in a blood collection tube. In specific, the blood sample is collected from the veins through the intravenous injection and preserved using a rubber cap holder. At step 204, the blood collection tube is placed in a centrifuge to perform the centrifugation process for separating serum from the blood sample. At step 206, the separated serum is preserved in a serum collection tube. In specific, the serum is extracted using a pipette and then preserved in the serum collection tube.

[0029] At step 208, the serum is analyzed to identify the presence of one or more matrix metalloproteinases that are in lower concentrations using the advanced detection unit. In specific, the advanced detection unit comprises a contrast dye with highly sensitive antibodies which is configured to analyze the serum. In specific, the one or more matrix metalloproteinases include matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The antibodies are configured to indicate the presence of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). The contrast dye is configured to clearly visualize the presence of the matrix metalloproteinases.

[0030] At step 210, the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase is detected with the advanced detection unit, thereby indicating the early formation of the arterial plaque. At step 212, a physician can diagnose the patients by suggesting a medication or a diet to control the arterial plaque or atherosclerosis at early stages, thereby preventing an invasive angiogram.

[0031] In one embodiment herein, the advanced detection unit comprises an intravenous injection, the blood collection tube, the centrifuge, the serum collection tube, the contrast dye, gel contents, a wash buffer or incubation buffer and the antibodies. The gel contents includes 30% Acrylamide Bis-Acrylamide, 1.5 M Tris Solution (pH 8.8), H2O, Ammonium Persulphate, Tetramethylethylenediamine, Gelatine, Tris-Glycine Gel Running Buffer, Sample loading buffer, Staining Solution and destaining solution. The wash buffer or incubation buffer comprises 1 m of Tris-HCL pH-7.5, 2 m of CaCl2, 0.1 M ZnCl2.

[0032] The antibodies that are used in this technique are highly specific to the MMPS that are present on the surface of the plaque and freely floating in the bloodstream. They are specially designed in such a way that they target only the MMP molecules especially MMP-2 and -9 because these are the biomarkers.

[0033] The advanced detection unit aids in the early detection of arterial plaques, thereby preventing the formation of larger plaques and invasive cardiac procedures that include catheter insertion, stents, and bypass surgery. The detection unit with highly sensitive antibodies can detect matrix metalloproteinase even at lower concentrations, and the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase indicates the early formulation of arterial plaque.

[0034] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, the advanced detection unit for early detection of atherosclerotic plaque in patients is disclosed. The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit analyzes the serum that is separated from a patient’s blood, thereby detecting the arterial plaques in the patients at early stages. The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit diagnoses cardiovascular diseases. The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit aids people in increasing or extending their life expectancy from cardiac arrests that are caused by late detection of the arterial plaque or atherosclerosis.

[0035] The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit performs non-invasive angiograms for early detection of arterial plaques. The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit avoids formation of larger plaques by controlling them with medication or a diet suggested by a physician. The proposed advanced atherosclerotic plaque detection unit prevents the need for expensive and invasive cardiac procedures, which include catheter insertion, stents, and bypass surgery.

[0036] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
,CLAIMS:CLAIMS:
I / We Claim:
1. A method of operation of an advanced detection unit for early detection of arterial plaques in patients, comprising:
collecting a blood sample from a patient and preserving the collected blood sample in a blood collection tube;
placing the blood collection tube in a centrifuge to perform centrifugation process, thereby separating serum from the blood sample;
preserving the separated serum in a serum collection tube;
analyzing the serum to identify the presence of one or more matrix metalloproteinases that are in lower concentrations using the advanced detection unit;
detecting the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase with the advanced detection unit, thereby indicating the early formation of the arterial plaque; and
controlling the arterial plaque or atherosclerosis at an early stage with a medication or a diet by a physician, thereby avoiding an invasive angiogram.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the advanced detection unit comprises a contrast dye with highly sensitive antibodies which is configured to analyze the serum.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more matrix metalloproteinases include matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the advanced detection unit aids in early detection of arterial plaques, thereby preventing formation of larger plaques and invasive cardiac procedures, wherein the cardiac procedures include catheter insertion, stents, and bypass surgery.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collected blood sample is preserved in the blood collection tube using a rubber cap holder.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separated serum is extracted and preserved in the serum collection tube using a pipette.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the advanced detection unit comprises an intravenous injection, the blood collection tube, the centrifuge, the serum collection tube, the contrast dye, gel contents, wash buffer or incubation buffer and the antibodies.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the intravenous injection is configured to collect the blood sample from the veins with the help of a needle.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the contrast dye is configured to clearly visualize the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the antibodies are configured to indicate the presence of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9).