Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention generally relates to a novel composition for paving stones or paver blocks or interlocking construction paver blocks, bricks etc... More particularly the present invention is related to the production of paver blocks, bricks etc... from Residue derived fuel (RDF), Multi Layer Plastic (MLP), Single use plastic (SUP), Air density seperation (ADS) and related plastic wastes.

BACKGROUND
Generally, the need for the construction sector to be sustained by innovative technology targeted at conserving natural resources and protecting the environment cannot be overemphasized. Humans have known and used stone as a building material since ancient times. Its unique aesthetic and physical qualities have made the stone a desirable material in building and construction as well as in decorative art and sculpture.

There are many different laying patterns that can be achieved using interlocking block paving, bricks etc... The most common of these is the herringbone pattern. This pattern is the strongest of the interlocking block paving bonds as it offers the most interlock, therefore making it a good choice for driveways and road surfacing. A herringbone pattern can be created by setting the interlocking blocks at either 45 degrees or 90 degrees to the perpendicular. Other popular types of pattern include stretcher bond and basket weave; with the latter being better suited to paved areas that will only receive light foot traffic, due to its weaker bond.

A commonly used base is 'cracker dust', ‘quarry dust’ or commonly known as crushed blue metal. The advantage of using this in residential living is that it compacts a lot harder than yellow brickies sand, which prevents weeds and ants from coming through.

There are more inventions available in the market exhibiting different techniques, in US10435889, A cementitious composite and cured masonry block made from the cementitious composite. The cementitious composite contains cement, a non-rubber aggregate, a crumb rubber and at least one of cement kiln dust and limestone powder. The crumb rubber aggregate is extracted from scrap tires after being processed and then mixed in specified percentages with the aggregate, the cement and water, then cured in forms to make the masonry blocks. In the present disclosure sand, which is used in conventional masonry blocks, is at least partially replaced with crumb rubber to produce a sand-free or sand-reduced masonry block that contains crumb rubber. The crumb rubber masonry blocks satisfy the ASTM non-load bearing requirements. The use of crumb rubber decreases the unit weight and increases thermal resistance of the masonry blocks. The use of cement kiln dust or limestone as a partial replacement of cement will lead to decrease in the cost. The use of industrial waste materials, such as crumb rubber, limestone powder and cement kiln dust, will lead to economic and environmental benefits.

In CN105273231A, an amino silane waterproof bridging agent for asphalt and cement, and a waterproof product and an application thereof. An amino group at one end of the structural formula of the amino silane waterproof bridging agent for asphalt and cement can be connected with a carboxy group in asphalt to form a good chemical affinity, the other end of silane and hydrated calcium silicate or calcium aluminate generated in the cement hydration process are combined to form a chemical bond, the bridging agent and concrete undergo a chemical cross-linking reaction to make asphalt and cement be tightly combined, related positions have chemical bonds like an erected bridge and have an irreversible bonding effect after curing, and the waterproof bridging agent can be used to prepare waterproof coils, or waterproof coatings, or waterproof pastes or waterproof leak stopping agents, and can infiltrate into cement gel and concrete capillary pores in a peristaltic manner in the cement solidification process in order to realize a tight, firm and irreversible bonding effect.

In JP2006188814A, a binder for elastic paving comprises an asphalt, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and an aminosilane-based coupling agent. The elastic paving material comprises the binder for elastic paving, aggregate, rubber chips, and/or rubber powder.

In CA2145823A1 various means of decorating the surface of concrete paving stones and paving slabs are known. As an additional technical decorating possibility, it is proposed that a paving stone or other paving block or paving slab have an insert (1) made of a different material or merely a different surface. The inserts of the concrete stones or slabs otherwise produced by conventional means consist for example of metal, natural rock/ ceramics, glass, plastic, wood or even cork. An example of an insert merely having a different surface would be one of ground or smoothed concrete, for example. This decorating technique, however, is also possible in paving blocks or slabs made of other materials such as ceramics or recycled plastic. In any event, however, the possibilities for variation are put to use during the molding itself in the compression or casting mold, for the creation of molded spaces for the insertion of the material with its decorative surface and/or contour.

Balasubramanian et al (2022) worked on recycling glass and rubber materials by producing paver blocks. Rubber waste is an important issue in the environment. The recycling of rubber waste is very important problem as such waste is not biodegradable and has a negative impact on environment. Although it is estimated that 60% are disposal through illegal dumping. In 2011, India produced 90000 metric tonnes of reclaimed rubber from waste tyres. Nearly 3 million tonnes of glass were – recycled in the world every year. Glass is non-biodegradable substance it remains the same shape and size over a decade. Their study mainly focused on the partial replacing of fine aggregate instead of crumb rubber and glass powder. Glass powder content increases from 30% to 50% in the fine aggregate content and crumb rubber powder as a standard mix of 20% of the fine aggregate by its volume. Their results show that strength parameters of paver block in 7 and 28 days. (Patent application No.: 202241009475).

Revathi et al (2020) have invented paver blocks that can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Their work mainly deals with CO2 concentration in atmosphere which is drastically increasing which leads to serious effects like global warming by the emission of greenhouse gases. The emission of CO2 has drastically increased in recent 50 years. To control this, CO2 absorbing paver blocks were casted with the addition of lime, potassium hydroxide, seaweeds and potato peels. Four types of paver blocks were casted using the materials. In first type, lime was added 0.5%) and 5%> weight of cement. In second type, potassium hydroxide was added at 0.5%) and 5% weight of cement. In third type, seaweeds were added at 0.5%> and 5%> of weight of cement. In fourth type, seaweeds and potato peels was added at 0.5%> and 5% weight of cement and finally control specimens were casted. M35 grade was adopted for the mix proportion as because grade for mild traffic is M35. Carbonation tests were done in two methods such as carbonation test and titration method. For carbonation test, paver block was placed in atmosphere and tested at 7lh day, 14lh day and 28lh day using phenolphthalein indicator. Titration method was done for each type of paver blocks using sodium hydroxide and HCL to find out the amount of CO2 absorbed by the specimen. The compressive strength was tested for each type of paver block at 7th, 14th and 28th day. The results of their invention shows that Seaweeds and potato peel (5%> of wt. of cement) combination paver block absorbed more CO2 compared to other types of pavers block casted. (Patent application No.: 202041026212).

Deshmukh et al (2019) have invented a system and method to manufacture paver blocks from waste plastic bottles. Their system includes three modules; an electronic module, that consists of an open inlet to receive empty single plastic bottles and an electronic circuit that can convert count of bottles to coins. The system includes mechanical module which consists of a shredded plastic chamber and a mixing chamber, where cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and shredded plastic will be mixed together to form a uniform mix of concrete. The third module consists of an outlet chamber where concrete from mixing chamber will be transferred to the paver block mould, where concrete with waste plastic will be transformed to a finished paver block. This after proper curing can be used for pavers. (Patent application number: 201921049384).

Malik et al (2018) have presented an invention that relates to a room temperature cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete pave mix, a pavement comprising geopolymer concrete pave mix and a process for manufacturing the pavement using geopolymer concrete pave mix. The present invention also relates to use of the fly ash based geopolymer concrete pave mix of the present invention for making concrete pavement/roads, paver blocks, paving tiles/blocks, white topping, pothole repair, precast slabs and other items like cement concrete. The geopolymer concrete pavement has high early flexural strength, low shrinkage and good workability characteristics. The pavement made out of the present invention meets the existing specification of plain jointed cement concrete rigid pavement for highways and other roads. Other items such as paver blocks, paving tiles/blocks, white topping, pothole repair, precast slabs, other items like cement concrete are also made out of the present invention. (Patent application no.: 201811031862 A).

Steven Thorkelson (2008) has developed a paver system comprising of a plurality of paver pieces and at least one substrate. Each of the paver pieces has a top surface and a bottom surface. The bottom surface of the paver pieces is configured for mating with the upper surface of the substrate, whereby paver pieces coupled to the substrate are prevented from moving laterally. The invention relates generally to a paver system, and more specifically to a configurable paver system comprising a plurality of paver pieces, the paver system enabling easy alignment and distribution of load. (Patent no.: US 7344334 B2).

But all the above prior arts suffer production of interlocking paver blocks from novel composition that utilizes waste plastics in an effective way; the present invention is aimed at using plastic wastes as a raw material and polymer composite as binding material in the production of interlocking pavement blocks economically feasible and more resistant to heat and corrosion.

OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The main objective of the present invention is a novel composition for interlocking pavers or paver blocks, bricks etc... from Residue Derived Fuel (RDF), Multi-Layer Plastic (MLP), Single Use Plastic (SUP), and Air density seperation (ADS) and related plastic wastes to reduce the carbon footprints using polymer composite binding material.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide interlocking paver blocks, bricks etc...and related plastic waste from the compositions containing at least one polymer composite binding material as (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane (3-APTES).

Yet the objective of the present invention is to provide interlocking paver blocks,bricks etc...and related plastic waste from the novel composition resulting in stronger, tougher, water resistant, durable,more economical, and more resistant to heat. The invention has established that plastic interlocking paver blocks, bricks etc... are a better alternative to normal cement paver blocks.

SUMMARY
The invention generally relates to a novel composition for paving stones or paver blocks or interlocking construction paver blocks,bricks etc...and related plastic waste. More particularly the present invention is related to the production of interlocking paver blocks from Residue derived fuel (RDF), Multi Layer Plastic (MLP), Single use plastic (SUP), Air density seperation (ADS) and related plastic wastes. The important embodiment of the invention is to use of plastic wastes as additives in the production of interlocking pavement blocks, bricks etc.. has both engineering and environmental implications. The use of interlocking paver blocks, bricks etc... produced from legacy plastic wastes is becoming more popular, finding applications in parking areas, compounds, open spaces, streets, and in minor and major roads.

The way and manner plastic wastes generated are managed in developing countries are worrisome and disturbing, due to their non-biodegradable nature. The present invention is aimed at using plastic wastes as a raw material and polymer composite as binding material in the production of interlocking pavement blocks, bricks and related construction materials etc... thereby solving part of our environmental and ecological problems resulting from indiscriminate dumping of plastic wastes.

The novel composition contains Plastic wastes, Low-Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) type were melted at high temperatures to produce sample paver blocks. The same mould was also used to produce cement interlocking paver blocks. The application of plastic waste in the production of interlocking paver blocks is an innovative way of disposing of plastic waste littered all over the place, thereby cleaning the environment. The cost of using plastic waste interlocking paver block when compared with concrete interlocking paver block is less than the cement pavers whereas plastic waste interlocking pavers are stronger, tougher, economical, durable, water resistant and more resistant to heat. The invention has established that plastic interlocking paver blocks are better alternative to normal cement interlocking paver blocks.

The important embodiment in the process of obtaining the required composition includes the following steps
In one important embodiment, the waste plastic is reduced to a smaller size of up to 1 mm using a shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls.

These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES)are processed in an extruder that heats up to 180℃ and propels out the plastic in semi-solid paste formin the ratio of 10:1.The plastic paste material coming out of the extruder is filled to the cubic mould to obtain the paver.

The other important embodiment in the production of interlocking paver blocks is that the plastic waste-filled mould is compressed by hydro pneumatic pressure of 60 ton with 150 ℃ to 180 ℃ at the top surface of the mould and -195℃ at the bottom surface of the mould. A proper cooling agent is used at the bottom of the mould. Both, cold and warm compression technique is used in this method to avoid uneven air bubbles which affect the fine finishing of the paver blocks shape. This technology of using temperature gradients at the time of moulding yields better paver blocks.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Fig 1 illustrates the block diagram explaining the steps involved in the production of interlocking Paver blocks as per important embodiment in the invention.

Fig 2 illustrates the interlocking paver block produced from the novel composition exhibiting the required quality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The invention generally relates to a novel composition for paving stones or paver blocks or interlocking construction paver blocks, bricks and other related construction material etc... More particularly the present invention is related to the production of interlocking paver blocks from Residue derived fuel (RDF), Multi Layer Plastic (MLP), Single use plastic (SUP), Air density seperation (ADS) and related plastic wastes. The important embodiment of the invention is to use of plastic wastes as additives in the production of interlocking pavement blocks, bricks and other related construction material etc... has both engineering and environmental implications. The use of interlocking paver blocks produced from legacy plastic wastes is becoming more popular, finding applications in parking areas, compounds, open spaces, streets, and in minor and major roads.
Fig 1 illustrates the block diagram explaining the steps involved in the production of interlocking Paver blocks as per important embodiment in the invention. The important embodiment of the invention is to produce the interlocking paver block from waste plastic, particularly, high-density Multi-Layer waste Plastic (MLP) 90%. Wherein multi-layer waste plastic includes (MLP includes the following raw materials either individually or mixed) High-density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene (PET) for packaging new bottles and containers, Hard Plastics like HDPE, PP, PET (Water bottle), and Polypropylene. Biaxially Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP), Biaxial Oriented Polyethylene (BOPE), Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET), Bi axially-Oriented Polyamide (BOPA).

The important embodiment of the invention is the composition containing polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) 10%.

Yet the other important embodiment in the invention is that the composition from Residue derived fuel (RDF), Multi Layer Plastic (MLP), Single use plastic (SUP), Air density seperation (ADS) and related plastic wastes with the composition contains polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) in the ratio of 10:1.

The waste plastics are High-density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene (PET) for packaging new bottles and containers, Hard Plastics like HDPE, PP, PET (Water bottle), Polypropylene. Biaxially Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP), Biaxial Oriented Polyethylene (BOPE), Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET), Bi axially-Oriented Polyamide (BOPA) that are reduced to smaller size of up to 1 mm using shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls. These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) in the ratio 10:1 are processed in an extruder that heats up to 180℃ and propels out the plastic in semi-solid paste form. The plastic paste material coming out of the extruder is filled to the cubic mould to obtain the paver. The invention of using 3-APTES along with the waste plastic in the ratio of 10:1 needs to be protected.

Example 1:
i. The waste plastic is reduced to a smaller size of up to 1 mm using shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in an agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls. These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) in the ratio 7:1 are processed in an extruder that heats up to 180℃ and propels out the plastic in semi-solid paste form. Then the following result is observed that there is no homogeneous mix with the ratio 7:1 and found less binding property.

EXAMPLE 2:
The waste plastic is reduced to a smaller size of up to 1 mm using shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in an agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls. These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane (3-APTES) with the ratio of 8:1. Then the following result is observed the mix homogeneous of ratio 8:1 yields less surface effect that needs slight improvement with the end product pavers.

EXAMPLE 3
The waste plastic is reduced to a smaller size of up to 1 mm using shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in an agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls. These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane (3-APTES) with a ratio of 9:1, As per this proportion , we were able to find the mix homogeneous of ratio 9:1. With a reasonable surface finish both sides.

EXAMPLE 4:

The waste plastic is reduced to a smaller size of up to 1 mm using shredding machine. These shredded plastic wastes are preheated at 80℃ which are then processed in an agglomerate machine to convert them into round-shaped balls. These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) with a ratio of 10:1 then this composite material has the astonishing property to bind the waste plastic to the customized moulds. The exact composition and proposition were achieved by optimizing, and it was found that at this proposition the paver was stable and hard with dense structure as shown in the Fig 1.
Fig 2 the interlocking paver block produced with different ratio of materials used from the novel composition exhibiting the required quality, but the paver block shown in Fig 1 is obtained with the material composition and proportion 10:1 ratio.

Another important embodiment of the invention is that 3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane (3-APTES) is the best binding saline material. The high humidity treatment experimentation with that material has resulted in an increased binding property. Therefore, it is preferred to use the high humous treated 3-APTES material for the intermolecular binding of high-density multilayer waste MLPs for pavers.

Paver systems are frequently used in landscaping and outdoor construction. Concrete pavers are widely used today in residential, commercial, and municipality, city corporation applications that include walkways, patios, parking lots, and streets (In-return we consume natural resources like sand, aggregate, water, and cement). Stone and brick provide a historical aesthetic value but are expensive, brittleand not suitable for some applications. In most cases, these pavers are made from a cementitious mix (i.e., concrete) or clay and are traditionally extruded or molded into various shapes.

These pavers are heavy and can be difficult to install, due both to weight and geometrical configuration. Although cementitious pavers are widely used throughout the construction industry, the materials prevent the cost-effective, mass production of complex shapes. The present invention exhibits interlocking Pavers are more rigid, stronger, durable, less water absorption, less abrasion, can take load of M60 strength, and prevent CO2.

The collected raw plastic is segregated into high-value plastic and low-value plastic. The high-value plastic has recycled value. The low-value plastic and non-biodegradable single-use legacy waste plastics and air density seperation (ADS) are separated through segregation. The separated legacy waste plastic is dried in vacuum environment. Then the dry legacy waste plastic raw material is shredded into 10 mm by first stage of shredding machine. The output small chunks of 10mm size plastic chunks are shredded in the second stage shredding machine to convert 10mm plastic chunks to 1mm plastic chunks.

In the second stage shredding machine, the blades are arranged in a misplaced position to tear the 10mm plastic chunks into 1mm plastic chunks.

Then the 1mm plastic chunks are preheated at 80ºC. The preheated plastic chunks are processed in an agglomerate machine to convert them into exactly round-shaped balls.
The round-shaped balls and These balls and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) in the ratio 10:1 are processed in an extruder that heats up to 180℃ and propels out the plastic in semi-solid paste form. (200gm 3-APTES for 2 kg of plastic paste material)are processed in the extruder. The plastic paste material coming out of the extruder is filled into the cubic mould. The plastic paste-filled mould is compressed at hydro pneumatic pressure of 60ton with 150ºC to 180 ºC at the top surface of the mould and -195ºC at the bottom surface of the mold. Cold and warm compress technique at the same time is used in this method to avoid uneven air bubbles which affect the fine finishing of the paver blocks shape. The liquid nitrogen is used as a cooling agent at the bottom, side & top of the mould. The detailed block diagram for the manufacturing process is shown in Fig 1.

The present invention of an eco-friendly paver is the innovative idea of utilizing the legacy multi-layer waste plastic material dumped in the dump yards. The conventional method includes the manufacturing of bricks from silica, rubber with idea of adding a small amount of polymer binding material. The novelty in the present invention is that waste plastic can be directly heated and moulded into paver shape along with the addition of polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) in the high moisture treatment. The synthesis of 3-APTES material with a methyl group and high moisture treatment is a novel process in the invention and also the mixture of 3-APTES to the plastic as binding material in the ratio of 10:1 is the unique novelty that we found in this making of paver product development.

The present invention produces environment-efficient pavers by making use of waste plastic like RDF, MLP, SUP& ADS raw materials fused with 3-APTES to form semi-solid paste. Further, molding this semi-solid paste by making use of excessive temperature gradient to produce strong, flexible, durable and lightweight pavers. The use of this type of interlocking pavers will give practical solution to solve the problem of legacy waste dumped in different areas. In addition, adopting this method of converting legacy plastic waste to usable eco-friendly pavers may reduce the carbon footprints in environment. And the present invention makes use of waste plastic materials along with a binder to make eco-friendly pavers that can be used in parking areas, roads, and other places.

 
The paver block produced from the composition exhibits the following properties
1. Flexural Strength
SI. Nominal Cross section Thickness Breaking Flexural Requirement as per International Standard Remarks
1 27,300 59 22,000 9.8 a) Individual Sample Shall not be less than 5.0 N/mml b)Average Flexural Strength Shall not be less than 5.5 N/mm Satisfactory
2. Compressive Strength
SI. Nominal Thickness Compressive strength Requirement as per International Standard Remarks
1 27,300 59 61.8 When 8 paver blocks are tested, the minimum average 28 days Compressive Strength shall be 54 N/mm' for M-50 Building Materials Satisfactory grade of Paver blocks. Individual paver block strength shall not be less than 85 percent of the specified strength Satisfactory

3. WATER ABSORPTION
SI. Nominal Cross section Thickness WATER ABSORPTION Requirement as per International Standard Remarks
1 27,300 59 0.2 When 3 units are tested The average water absorption shall not be more than 6 Satisfactory percent by mass and individual units shall oat be more than 7 percent by mass. Satisfactory

4. ABRASION TEST
SI. SIZE WEAR DUE TO ABRASION (mm) Requirement as per International Standard Remarks
1 70.6 x 70.6 x 51.1 2,000 When 8 units are tested, the loss in
volume for the individual samples shall not be
more than 20,000 mm J per 5000mm' and
the average loss in volume shall not be more
than 18000 mm) per 5000 mm2 Satisfactory

5. TENSILE SPLITING STRENGTH TEST
Sl no Normal Cross Sectional Area Thickness (mm) Failure Load Per unit Length (N/mm) TENSILE SPLITING STRENGTH (N/mm2) Requirement as per International Standard Remarks
1 27300 59 805 7.6 individual sample shall not be less than 4.0n/m2 average tensile splitting strength shall not be less than 4.3n/m2 Satisfactory

 
Advantages of the Invention:
The present invention produces environment-efficient pavers by
i. making use of waste plastic like RDF, MLP, SUP& ADS raw materials fused with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to form a semi-solid paste, ii. molding this semi-solid paste by making use of excessive temperature gradient to produce strong, durable, flexible, and lightweight pavers,
iii. Use of this type of pavers will give a practical solution to solve the problem of legacy waste dumped in different areas, and,
iv. Adopting this method of converting legacy plastic waste to usable eco-friendly pavers may reduce the carbon footprints in the environment.

It is within the ambit of the present invention to cover any obvious modifications of the preferred embodiment described herein and examples of modifications thereof, provided such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.
 
, Claims:WE CLAIM
1. A composition for producing a paving block consisting of
(I). mixtures pastes of polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PET) Biaxially Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP), biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE), biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET), biaxially-oriented polyamide (BOPA) 90%,
(II). polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) 10%
2. The composition for producing an paving block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said mixtures pastes of polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PET) Biaxially Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP), biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE), biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET), biaxially-oriented polyamide (BOPA) and polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane(3-APTES) are added in the ratio of 10:1.
3. A method of preparing an paving block comprises
(i). shredding waste plastics containing polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PET) Biaxially Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP), biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE), biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET), biaxially-oriented polyamide (BOPA) to get 1 mm of size.
(ii). heating shredded plastics at 80℃ to convert them into balls.
(iii) heating the balls adding polymer composite material (3-Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxy silane (3-APTES) to the semisolid paste form in the ratio of 10:1at 180℃ to get semi-solid paste form.
(iv) filling the plastic pastes to the cubic mould to obtain the paver.