CLIAMS:1. An electrical system for a vehicle, said system comprising:
a battery having negative and positive terminals;
an alternator having an positive terminal interfaced in series to the positive terminal of the battery for recharging the battery, wherein the alternator is coupled to an internal combustion engine;
a starter motor interfaced to the positive terminal of the battery in series through a solenoid switch for cranking the internal combustion engine;
characterized in that,
an electrical cable having a first core of electrical wires surrounded by a plurality of second cores of electrical wires, wherein:
one end of the first core of electrical wires of the electrical cable is connected to the positive terminal of the alternator and other end of the first core of electrical wires is connected to the positive terminal of the battery; and
the plurality of second cores of electrical wires comprises one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) and one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) arranged alternatively to each other (P, S, P, S),
wherein one end of each of the one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and other end of each of the one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) is connected to the starter motor, and
one end of each of the one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and other end of each of the one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) is earthed.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical cable is a twisted copper cable insulated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each core of the first core, the primary core and the secondary core are separated from each other..

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary cores of electrical wires and the secondary core of electrical wires are equal in number.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein equal number for primary and secondary cores is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery respectively.

6. A vehicle comprising an electrical system as claimed in claim 1.
,TagSPECI:TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to an electrical system for a vehicle. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an electrical cable common to an alternator, a starter motor and a battery of the electrical system for the vehicle.

BACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURE
Electrical systems for internal combustion engine based motor vehicles include loads, alternators for generating electricity, rechargeable batteries for storing electrical power potential in chemical form and distribution wiring including power buses. The batteries help in regulating the vehicle electrical system voltage. The alternator is used to recharge the battery and the starter motor is used for cranking the internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

Conventional electrical systems use separate electrical cable wiring for connecting each components of the engine vehicle. Particularly, in case of engine and the battery are at different compartments of the vehicle then a separate cable wiring is used for connecting each component. For example, a separate cable is used to connect starter motor and the battery, a separate cable is used to connect the battery and the alternator, and negative terminal of the battery earthed using a different cable. In this way, number of electrical cable wirings is large in number and involves complexities for connecting each component of the vehicle.

Thus, there is a need for providing a common electrical cable for connecting each component of the engine vehicle to overcome the problem stated above.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the present disclosure.

Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.
The present disclosure provides an electrical system for a vehicle. The system comprises a battery, an alternator, a starter motor and an electrical cable. The battery has negative and positive terminals. The alternator has a positive terminal which is interfaced in series to the positive terminal of the battery for recharging the battery and a negative terminal of the battery interfaced with engine or the BIW of the vehicle. The alternator is coupled to an internal combustion engine of the vehicle. The starter motor is interfaced to the positive terminal of the battery in series through a solenoid switch for cranking the internal combustion engine. The electrical cable comprises a first core of electrical wires and a plurality of second cores of electrical wires. The first core of electrical wires is surrounded by the plurality of second cores of electrical wires. One end of the first core of electrical wires of the electrical cable is connected to the positive terminal of the alternator and other end of the first core of electrical wires is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The plurality of second wires of electrical wires comprises one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) and one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S). The one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) and the one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) are arranged alternatively to each other (P, S, P, S). One end of each of the one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and other end of each of the one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) is connected to a positive terminal of the starter motor. One end of each of the one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and other end of each of the one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) is earthed.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects and features described above, further aspects, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
An object of the present disclosure is to provide an electrical cable common to an alternator, a battery and a starter motor.

One object of the present disclosure is to reduce the number of wiring and complexity in connecting each component of the vehicle such as the battery, the starter motor and the alternator using a common electrical cable.

One object of the present disclosure is to provide a bidirectional flow and an independent path of current supply to each component of the vehicle using the common electrical cable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES
The novel features and characteristic of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The embodiments of the disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1a illustrates a circuit diagram of an electrical cable of an electrical system for vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 1b illustrates an electrical connection using the electrical cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 1c illustrates an exemplary simplified circuit connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 2 illustrates a front view of the electrical cable with terminals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of the electrical cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific aspect disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.
To overcome the drawbacks mentioned in the background, an electrical cable is provided which is common to an alternator, a battery and a starter motor. Particularly, the electrical cable is used to connect the alternator to the battery, the battery to the starter motor and to earth the battery.

Figure 1a illustrates a circuit diagram of an electrical cable 104 of an electrical system 102 for vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electrical system 102 for the vehicle (not shown) comprises an electrical cable 104, a battery 106, a starter motor 108 and an alternator 110. The battery 106 has negative and positive terminals and is used to provide power to starter motor 108 for cranking an internal combustion engine of the vehicle and electrical loads when the alternator 110 is not generating power. Also, the battery 106 is used to stabilize voltage levels in the electrical system. The alternator 110 has a positive terminal interfaced in series to the positive terminal of the battery 106 for recharging the battery 106 after cranking the internal combustion engine. Also, the alternator 110 is coupled to the internal combustion engine of the vehicle. The alternator 110 generates power for all of the vehicle’s electrical loads while the engine is running. This includes the engine’s electronic controls, headlights, etc. The alternator 110 also uses the vehicle’s electrical devices while the engine is off. The starter motor 108 positive terminal is interfaced to the positive terminal of the battery 106 in series through a solenoid switch for cranking the internal combustion engine and the negative terminal is interfaced to the engine. The starter motor 108 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy needed for cranking the internal combustion engine. The battery 106, the alternator 110 and the starter motor 108 are connected using the single electrical cable 104. The electrical cable 104 is a twisted copper cable insulated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

In an embodiment, the electrical cable 104 is including but not limiting to a multi-core cable and a tri-axial cable. The electrical cable 104 being the multi-core cable has an odd number of cores of electrical wires. Particularly, the electrical cable 104 being the multi-core cable has a first core of electrical wires 118 and a plurality of second cores of electrical wires (120 and 122). The first core of electrical wires 118 is surrounded by the plurality of second cores of electrical wires (120 and 122).

One end of the first core of electrical wires 118 of the electrical cable 104 is connected to the positive terminal of the alternator 110 and other end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 106. The connection between the alternator 110 and the positive terminal of the battery 106 is depicted as 112 using the first core of electrical wires 118. The alternator 110 keeps the battery 106 fully charged providing the power to start the vehicle. Further, the alternator 110 turns the mechanical energy of an engine's rotating crank shaft into electricity through induction since the alternator 110 is coupled to the internal combustion engine. The electrical wires of the first core of the electrical wires 118 connecting the alternator 110 and the battery 106 cut through a magnetic field which induces electrical current. The induced electric current is used to power vehicle’s accessories such as including but not limiting to headlights and electro-hydraulics.
The plurality of second cores of electrical wires (120 and 122) comprises one or more primary cores of electrical wires (P) 120 and one or more secondary cores of electrical wires (S) 122. The primary cores of electrical wires 120 and the secondary core of electrical wires 122 are equal in number and are arranged alternatively to each other (P, S, P, S). This is required to achieve full cancellation of electromagnetic induction (EMI).

One end of each of the primary cores of electrical wires (P) 120 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 106 and other end is connected to the positive terminal of the starter motor 108. The connection between the starter motor 108 and the battery 106 is depicted as 114 using the primary cores of electrical wires (P) 120. The starter motor 108 receives power from the battery 106 which is required for cranking the internal-combustion engine. The starter motor 108 is interface to the positive terminal of the battery 106 through the solenoid switch which similar to a relay using the primary cores of electrical wires (P) 120. When current from the battery 106 is supplied to the solenoid switch (not shown), usually through a key-operated switch, the solenoid switch engages a lever that pushes out a drive pinion on a starter driveshaft and meshes the drive pinion with a starter ring on the flywheel of the engine. The solenoid switch also closes high-current contacts for the starter motor 108. Once the engine starts, the key-operated switch (not shown) is opened then a spring in the solenoid switch assembly pulls the pinion gear (not shown) away from the ring gear (not shown), and the starter motor 108 stops.
Similarly, one end of each of the secondary cores of electrical wires (S) 122 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 106 and other end is earthed depicted at 116a which provides negative polarity to the battery 106. Earthing the negative terminal of the battery 106 is depicted by connection 116 using the secondary cores of electrical wires (S) 122. The negative terminal of the battery 106 is earthed through the engine. The battery 106 being earthed depicted at 116a i.e. earthing of the negative terminal of the battery 106 using secondary cores of electrical wires 122.
In an embodiment, the primary cores of electrical wires 120 and the secondary core of electrical wires 122 are equal in number and are arranged alternatively to each other i.e. (P, S, P, S) for full cancellation of electromagnetic induction (EMI). That is, for example, three primary cores of electrical wires 120 and three secondary cores of electrical wires 122 arranged alternatively to each other (P, S, P, S) is the most effective arrangement for cancellation of EMI. The magnetic field created by the cores carrying the current from the battery to starter motor is effectively cancelled out by secondary cores of electrical wires 122. Also, the magnetic field created by the core carrying the current from the alternator to the battery is effectively cancelled out by secondary cores of electrical wires 122. Each core of the first core 118, the primary cores 120 and the secondary cores 122 are separated from each other using separators or fillers such as pads made of rubber, nylon etc. (not shown) or any filler which is non-conductive. Equal number of primary and secondary cores is connected to have an effective cancellation of the EMI. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the first core 118, the primary cores 120 and the secondary cores 122 has a cross sectional area in a range of about 3 square millimeters (sq mm) to 11 square millimeters and has current capacity in range of about 40 amperes to 400 amperes.

Figures 1b and 1c illustrate an exemplary simplified circuit connection using the electrical cable 104 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the illustrated views, the first core of electrical wires 118 is used to connect the positive terminal of the battery 106 and the positive terminal of the alternator 110 for recharging the battery 106. The connection 112 shows the connection between the positive terminal of the battery 106 and the positive terminal of the alternator 110. The primary cores of electrical wires 120 is used to connect the positive terminal of the battery 106 and the starter motor 108 for cranking the internal combustion engine. The connection 114 shows the connection between the positive terminal of the battery 106 and the starter motor 108. The secondary cores of electrical wires 122 are used to connect the earth terminal of the engine (the negative for starter motor (and alternator) is internally connected to the engine) depicted at 116a. The earthing of the negative terminal of the battery 106 is depicted by connection 116.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a front view and a perspective view of the electrical cable 104 with terminals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ends of each of the first core 118, the primary cores (P) 120 and the secondary cores (S) 122 are coupled by including but not limited to lugs which are used as terminals. The first core of electrical wires 118 has its both ends coupled by lugs in which one end is connected to positive terminal of the battery 106 and the other end is connected to the alternator 110 depicted by connection 112. Similarly, the primary cores of electrical wires 120 has its both ends coupled to lugs in which one end is connected to positive terminal of the battery 106 and the other end is connected to the starter motor 108 depicted by connection 114. The secondary cores of electrical wires 122 has it both ends coupled to lugs in which one end is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 106 and other end is earthed at 116a depicted by connection 116.

In an embodiment, the tri-axial cable is used as the electrical cable 104. An inner core of electrical wires is used to connect the battery 106 and the starter motor 108. A middle core of electrical wires is earthed and an outer core of electrical wires is used to connect the battery 106 and the alternator 110.

Additional features and advantages are realized through various techniques provided in the present disclosure.

Embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electrical cable 104 common to all the components of the electrical system 102 for the vehicle such as the battery 106, the starter motor 108 and the alternator 110. This reduces number of wirings in the electrical system 102 and complexities in making connections.

Embodiment provides a same electrical cable 104 for powering the starter motor 108, providing the charging circuit to the battery 106 and a path for earth return.

Embodiment of the present disclosure uses an odd numbered multi-core cable which helps in cancelling the EMI.

Equivalents

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Referral Numerals:

Reference Number Description
102 Electrical system
104 Electrical cable
106 Battery
108 Starter Motor
110 Alternator
118 First core of electrical wires
120 Primary cores of electrical wires
122 Secondary cores of electrical wires