Description:Ultrasound Component:
• The ultrasound technology operates at a frequency between 23 kHz and 30 kHz, producing cavitation in the water that leads to the formation and collapse of microbubbles & Nano bubbles. This process disrupts the cell walls of pathogens and breaks down organic materials in the water column. However, the process remains indifferent to generation methodology given that these frequencies as mentioned in the process are achieved.
• The rapid implosion of cavitation bubbles creates localized hot spots, generating free radicals and destroying bacteria, pathogens, and organic matter at the molecular level. In conjunction with Nano bubbles, the rate of free radical generation is significantly increased, accelerating the breakdown of contaminants and organic matter, leading to a reduction in BOD, COD, and TSS.
Nano bubble Component:
• Nano bubbles of less than 150 nanometers (nm) in size are generated using a combination of magnetic shearing and hydrodynamic cavitation. The concentration exceeds 50 million Nano bubbles per milliliter. However, the process remains indifferent to generation methodology given that these concentrations as mentioned in the process are achieved.
• These Nano bubbles enhance dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the water, promoting aerobic microbial activity and improving the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the water. The implosion of Nano bubbles caused by ultrasound cavitation results in the production of free radicals, which further enhance the oxidation of organic pollutants and accelerate muck digestion at the bottom of lakes, eliminating the need for mechanical dredging.
Free Radical Production:
• The combined effect of ultrasound and Nano bubble technologies results in the faster production of free radicals compared to standalone technologies. The implosion of Nano bubbles under the influence of ultrasound waves creates localized high-energy environments that produce free radicals at a significantly accelerated rate, leading to faster degradation of contaminants, pathogens, and organic materials in the water
Chemical-Free Nature:
• The R.E.G.A.L. process operates without the need for conventional chemical treatments such as alum (which negatively affects pH) or bio-cultures. This makes it an environmentally sustainable and safe treatment method for long-term lake management.
• By improving dissolved oxygen levels and removing harmful anaerobic conditions, it reduces malodors, improves water clarity, and provides a stable aquatic environment, free from the risks of chemical contamination.
1. Technical and Process-Based Innovations in the R.E.G.A.L. Process for Limn Logical Applications

• Precision Synergy of Ultrasound and Nano bubble Technology:

- R.E.G.A.L. Process: Exclusively engineered for limnological applications such as large freshwater ecosystems, the R.E.G.A.L. process combines Nano bubble technology and ultrasound to form an adaptable, non-invasive treatment sequence. This approach enables optimal free radical formation through specific Nano bubble size and concentration parameters. The Nano bubbles used are maintained at a size of less than 150 nm, with a concentration exceeding 50 million Nano bubbles per milliliter—values specifically chosen to ensure prolonged suspension, maximum surface area for oxidation reactions, and efficient interaction with suspended pollutants and nutrients. This threshold is tuned to optimize oxygen transfer and radical formation, making it particularly effective in nutrient-rich, stratified water bodies where pollutant distribution is variable.
- Ultrasound Frequency: Ultrasound frequencies are strategically confined to the 23-30 kHz range, specifically selected for their effectiveness in inducing cavitation within the zones of nanobubble mixing. These low-frequency ultrasound waves facilitate cavitation while preserving the ecological integrity of freshwater species, as higher frequencies might disturb sensitive organisms. The R.E.G.A.L. process's deployment of ultrasound is process-focused rather than product-reliant, as it is methodologically indifferent to the ultrasound generation method—whether through transducers, mechanical ultrasound, or magneto strictive systems, allowing scalability and adaptability.

• In Situ AOP via Ultrasound-Activated Nano bubbles for Non-Chemical Pollutant degradation:

- R.E.G.A.L. Process: It employs Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) without added chemicals, the R.E.G.A.L. process generates hydroxyl radicals (·OH) primarily through ultrasound-induced cavitation of oxygen Nano bubbles. When ultrasound waves cause cavitation, they create micro and Nano bubbles that collapse at high energy, forming reactive species like hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and superoxide radicals (O₂·−).
- These radicals act as potent oxidizers, attacking organic and inorganic pollutants while also disrupting pathogenic cellular structures. This AOP-induced degradation is particularly effective in lake/pond/ river ecosystems where nutrient levels may sustain high organic and pathogenic loads. Through targeted radical formation zones, the R.E.G.A.L. process facilitates adaptive, sustained pollutant breakdown without chemical residuals.
- Prior Art Comparison: The AOP methodologies in US20140263098A1 and US 7943087B2are reliant on externally supplied oxidants, such as ozone or hydrogen peroxide, rather than radical formation through ultrasound and Nano bubble synergy without chemicals. The chemical-dependent nature of these methods is not suitable for natural water bodies where chemical runoff is a concern, nor do they offer the in situ adaptability required for complex limn logical applications.
2. Specialized Dual-Phase LimnoLogical Pollutant Management
• Primary Nano bubble Treatment for DO Enhancement and Nutrient Balance:

- R.E.G.A.L. Process: The primary treatment phase in R.E.G.A.L. focuses on DO enhancement through Nano bubble infusion, maintaining a high dissolved oxygen threshold throughout the water column. The high Nano bubble concentration—at over 50 million Nano bubbles per mL—creates an oxygen-rich environment that promotes aerobic decomposition of organic matter and stabilizes nutrient cycles. This mitigates anaerobic zones and curbs nutrient recycling from sediments, a primary cause of eutrophication in nutrient-loaded water bodies. Nutrient-rich conditions lead to high nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, which are systematically managed by the aerobic breakdown of organic compounds and enhanced nutrient oxidation.

• Secondary Ultrasound-Activated Pollutant and Pathogen Reduction:

- R.E.G.A.L. Process: The secondary phase uses ultrasound at specific frequencies to achieve cavitation within Nano bubble-rich zones, initiating ultrasound-enhanced radical formation. This phase is particularly effective for pathogen control, as radicals like hydroxyl and superoxide anions target and disrupt bacterial cell membranes. Ultrasound cavitation also generates shear forces and localized heating, which cause mechanical damage to bacterial cell walls, furthering disinfection through physical means in addition to oxidative reactions.
- This dual-mechanism disinfection is ideal for lake environments where pathogens from runoff or sewage inflows may persist. Additionally, the non-invasive nature of ultrasound disinfection respects the ecological integrity of the water body while enhancing microbial stability.
3. Nutrient Management and Reduction of Algae Blooms
● Direct Management of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds:

- R.E.G.A.L. Process: Designed for natural water systems, R.E.G.A.L. reduces nitrogen and phosphorus availability—key drivers of algal blooms—through both aerobic microbial support (enabled by high DO levels) and radical-based oxidation of organic nutrients. Ammonia (NH₃) and ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), primary nitrogen sources, are oxidized to less harmful compounds through free radical reactions:
- Through controlled radical interactions, R.E.G.A.L. minimizes nutrient recycling and prevents conditions that promote algal growth, ensuring sustained water quality even in the presence of nutrient inflows.
4. Process-Based Focus for LimnoLogical Restoration
● Process-Centric Patent Exclusively for Limnology:
- R.E.G.A.L. Patent: Positioned as a process patent for ecological restoration, the R.E.G.A.L. process applies its dual-phase approach specifically to large freshwater bodies. It is structurally and methodologically indifferent to how Nano bubbles and ultrasound are generated, allowing various setups that adapt to different limnological environments. This distinction enhances flexibility for practical deployment across ecosystems with varying inflow rates, sediment types, and pollutant profiles.
- Prior Art Comparison: Patents like US20140263098A1 focus on product-oriented systems for industrial or residential settings, limited to specific apparatus or chemical compositions. R.E.G.A.L. 's adaptability to open, nutrient-sensitive systems where nutrient influx and stratification are issues reinforces its value as a uniquely applicable process for natural water bodies.
5. Limn logical Benefits: Environmental and Economic Impact
● Improved Biodiversity through DO Stabilization and Pathogen Control:
- R.E.G.A.L.: By elevating DO and mitigating nutrient excess, R.E.G.A.L. promotes quality. The removal of pathogens, organic pollutants, and harmful nutrients contributes to the re-establishment of balanced ecosystems, as demonstrated in the return of species like turtles in pilot applications.
- Prior Art Comparison: Product-based patents such as US20140144544A1 prioritize immediate disinfection but lack provisions for balanced DO or nutrient cycles, limiting their long-term ecological value.
● Sediment Stabilization and Bypassing Dredging Costs:
- R.E.G.A.L.: With Nano bubbles facilitating natural sediment breakdown, nutrient release is stabilized, reducing reliance on invasive dredging. This is crucial for nutrient-loaded sediments where dredging would re-release bound nutrients, undermining restoration efforts. R.E.G.A.L.’s controlled sediment oxidation minimizes costs and ecological disturbance.
- Prior Art Comparison: Patents requiring physical dredging or chemical sediment management lack the non-invasive benefits critical to R.E.G.A.L., marking a significant divergence in operational scope. R.E.G.A.L. is a noninvasive and in situ methodology for limn logical applications, which can even treat untreated sewage fluxes into lakes/ponds.
The R.E.G.A.L. process, as a limnology-specific process patent, combines tailored Nano bubble thresholds, ultrasound-based AOPs, and adaptive nutrient control, setting it apart from apparatus-focused and chemical-reliant prior arts. This unique, scalable approach allows R.E.G.A.L. to restore and sustain water quality in nutrient-sensitive, large-scale ecosystems, where natural biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and pollutant dynamics are paramount. R.E.G.A.L.’s specialized and non-invasive mechanisms underscore its role as a pioneering technology for open water body restoration.
The R.E.G.A.L. process (Free Radical Enhancement using Gas-Assisted Liquid Dispersion) is a groundbreaking, process-patented technology tailored for large-scale water body restoration. Below, we elaborate on its specific mechanisms for reducing pathogenic organisms, managing ammonia levels to create safer aquatic environments, and enabling plastic flotation, all within the context of its process-based claims.
1. Reduction of Pathogenic Organisms (Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa)
The R.E.G.A.L. process provides effective pathogen disinfection through a synergistic combination of ultrasound and nanobubble technologies, uniquely structured for scalable, chemical-free water treatment.
• Ultrasound-Induced Cavitation:
• Ultrasound waves at 23–30 kHz frequencies generate cavitation bubbles that collapse with intense energy, creating localized hotspots with temperatures exceeding 5000 K and pressures over 1000 atm. These conditions generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (O₂·−) through the following reactions:
H20+ Cavitation: OH + H
O2+OH ->O2- + H2O2
• The ROS oxidize cellular components of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, disrupting membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to pathogen destruction.
• Mechanical Disruption of Pathogens:
• Cavitation also generates shear forces and microjets, physically rupturing cell walls and membranes, further enhancing the disinfection process. Protozoan cysts, known for their resistance to conventional treatments, are particularly susceptible to these mechanical effects.
• Nanobubble-Aided ROS Penetration:
• Nanobubbles (size <150 nm, concentration >50 million per mL) act as micro-reactors, facilitating deeper penetration of ROS into biofilms and microbial colonies. This dual-mode attack ensures comprehensive reduction of pathogenic organisms, making water safer for human and ecological contact.
2. Reduction of Ammonia and Creation of a Safer Environment for Fish
Ammonia (NH₃) is a critical pollutant in water bodies, toxic to aquatic life at even low concentrations. The R.E.G.A.L. process addresses ammonia through its unique dual-phase treatment:
• Nanobubble-Enhanced Nitrification:
• Nanobubbles elevate dissolved oxygen (DO) levels across the water column, creating optimal aerobic conditions for nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter). These bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and nitrates (NO₃⁻) through natural nitrification processes:
NH3 + o2 -> NO2- + H2O
NO2-+ o2 -> NO3-
• Ultrasound-Driven Ammonia Oxidation:
• Ultrasound cavitation enhances ammonia removal by generating hydroxyl radicals that directly oxidize ammonia into nitrogen gas (N₂) and water:
NH3+OH ->N2 (Nitrogen Gas)+ h2o. This is the non-biological oxidation of Ammonia directly to inert nitrogen gas.
• This dual mechanism ensures ammonia levels are reduced rapidly, preventing toxic buildup and maintaining a balanced aquatic environment.
• Improved Habitat for Fish and Aquatic Life:
• The combined reduction of ammonia and elevation of DO creates a safer environment for fish and other aquatic organisms, reducing stress, disease, and mortality. Enhanced aerobic conditions also support biodiversity, stabilizing the ecosystem.

3. Plastic Flotation Applications
The R.E.G.A.L. process leverages nanobubble technology to address plastic waste in water bodies, offering a scalable solution for recovering floating and sediment-bound debris.
• Nanobubble-Enhanced Buoyancy:
• Nanobubbles attach to hydrophobic surfaces of plastics, increasing buoyancy and causing lightweight plastics, including microplastics, to rise to the surface for collection. This mechanism is particularly effective for plastics trapped in sediments, which are typically difficult to recover.
• Dislodging Sediment-Bound Plastics:
• Ultrasound cavitation generates microjets that dislodge plastics embedded in sediment layers. Once released, nanobubbles facilitate their flotation, enabling efficient removal from the water body.
• Prevention of Plastic Degradation:
• By removing plastics before they degrade into microplastics, the R.E.G.A.L. process minimizes the long-term impact of plastic pollution, reducing the risk of ingestion by aquatic organisms and bioaccumulation in the ecosystem.
Key Technical Features that Distinguish the R.E.G.A.L. Process
1. Nanobubble Technology:
• Size Threshold: Nanobubbles are maintained at <150 nm, ensuring prolonged suspension, high surface area, and maximum oxidative interaction.
• Concentration: Exceeding 50 million per mL, nanobubbles provide optimal oxygen transfer and pollutant interaction, outperforming conventional aeration methods.
2. Ultrasound Technology:
• Frequency Range: The ultrasound operates at 23–30 kHz, a range specifically chosen for its cavitation efficiency and ecological safety. Frequencies higher than 30 kHz risk disturbing aquatic organisms, while lower frequencies may reduce cavitation effectiveness.
3. Chemical-Free Advanced Oxidation:
• Unlike prior art that relies on chemical oxidants like ozone or peroxide, the R.E.G.A.L. process creates AOPs purely through ultrasound-induced cavitation and nanobubble interactions, avoiding residual chemicals and ensuring environmental safety.
4. Methodological Indifference:
• The R.E.G.A.L. process is indifferent to the method of nanobubble or ultrasound generation, allowing flexibility in adapting various generation techniques (e.g., hydrodynamic cavitation, magnetic shearing, transducers) depending on the site and scale.
Conclusion
The R.E.G.A.L. process is a highly adaptable, scalable, and sustainable solution for water body restoration. Its process patent sets it apart by focusing on the methodology of treatment rather than specific apparatus, ensuring flexibility across diverse applications. Through advanced disinfection, ammonia reduction, and plastic flotation capabilities, the process addresses the core challenges of water quality management in both natural and industrial settings. By emphasizing non-invasive, chemical-free approaches, the R.E.G.A.L. process offers a pioneering pathway to ecological restoration, biodiversity preservation, and long-term water sustainability.


PRIOR ART SEARCH
Patents like US 7943087B2 focus on controlled batch processing and apparatus-based oxygenation but do not maintain the high Nano bubble concentrations or scale necessary for open, nutrient-loaded water bodies with constant external inputs. The absence of sustained DO management in these patents reduces their effectiveness in managing variable nutrient loads typical of natural ecosystems.
The reliance on chemical disinfectants or apparatus setups in patents like US20140263098A1 restricts their scope to industrial water systems and does not accommodate dynamic pathogen loads in lakes and ponds. R.E.G.A.L.’s methodical ultrasound disinfection is non-intrusive and scalable for pathogen-rich environments.
US 7943087B2 and US20140263098A1 do not explicitly focus on nutrient management in open water systems. Their closed-system orientation lacks the capacity to continuously balance nutrient cycles, especially under conditions where nitrogen and phosphorus inflows are common.
, Claims:1. An engineered process which provides for a mechanism for combining Nano bubbles and ultrasound using free radical enhancement using gas assisted liquid dispersion (R.E.G.A.L) which enables to enhance oxidization reduction potential (ORP) and reduce pollutants loads (BOD/COD/TSS), manage nutrients, prevent harmful algae blooms and invasive aquatic weed occurrence for the purpose of limnological, potamological applications and also for reduction of Vector borne disease by treating and enhancing the quality of water.

2. As claimed in claim 1 above, the process provides for a system to produce R.E.G.A.L which employs high oxidation without adding chemicals and which enables to generate hydroxyl radical (·OH) primarily through ultra sound induced cavitation of oxygen and Nano bubbles.

3. As claimed in claim 1 and 2 above, wherein the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) are reduced by a minimum of 70-80% from baseline levels, due to the synergistic interaction of cavitation at 23-30 kHz and Nano bubble-induced oxidation, as demonstrated in empirical field studies, resulting in significant improvements in water clarity and the reduction of pollutant load, without the need for alum or other chemical additives.

4. As claimed in claim 1 to 3 above, wherein nutrient management is achieved by reducing the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus through the enhanced oxidative capacity of Nano bubbles in conjunction with ultrasound cavitation at 23-30 kHz, thereby preventing the reintroduction of excess nutrients into the water column and mitigating the risks of eutrophication, eliminating the need for conventional chemical treatments such as bio-cultures.

5. As claimed in claim 1 to 4 above, wherein the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are significantly increased as a result of the Nano bubble generation, leading to auxiliary benefits such as the removal of malodors caused by anaerobic conditions. The increased oxygenation not only supports aerobic microbial activity but also inhibits the formation of hydrogen sulfide and other malodorous compounds, eliminating the need for chemical interventions traditionally used to mitigate odors, such as alum or bio-cultures.

6. As claimed in claim 1 to 5 above, wherein the cavitation induced by ultrasound waves at a frequency between 23 kHz and 30 kHz, combined with nano bubble technology, facilitates the digestion of organic muck at the bottom of the lake or water body. This process accelerates the breakdown of organic matter deposited in the sediment layer, bypassing the need for mechanical dredging and reducing reliance on chemical treatments typically used for sediment management.

7. As claimed in claim 1 to 6 above, wherein the reduction of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, is achieved through the cavitation-induced breakdown of cellular membranes and the oxidative action of Nano bubbles. This dual mechanism results in a 95% reduction of pathogens, providing a chemical-free disinfection method that significantly enhances water safety without the need for chemical disinfectants or bio-cultures.

8. As claimed in claim 1 to 7 above, wherein the cavitation and oxygenation effects reduce the concentration of chlorophyll a by more than 70% in the water, thereby suppressing the growth of photosynthetic organisms responsible for harmful algal blooms. The process disrupts algal cell structures, preventing bloom formation and ensuring the long-term control of eutrophication by reducing nutrient recycling, without relying on conventional chemicals such as alum, which negatively impacts pH levels.

9. As claimed in claim 1 to 8 above, wherein the application of Nano bubble technology acts as a preventative lake management tool following de-weeding procedures. By maintaining high levels of dissolved oxygen and promoting the continuous oxidation of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, the process creates conditions that inhibit the regrowth of invasive aquatic weeds, ensuring long-term control and eliminating the need for repeated chemical treatments such as herbicidal weed management, which has a long half-life in water.

10. As claimed in claim 1 to 9 above, wherein the application of the R.E.G.A.L. process in aquaculture environments results in increased fish yields by 20% due to the removal of ammonia, which is toxic to aquatic life, and the creation of aerobic conditions that reduce pathogens and improve overall fish health and respiration.

11. As claimed in claim 1 to 10 above, wherein the reduction of ammonia through Nano bubble-induced oxidation creates a safer environment for fish, reducing mortality rates caused by ammonia toxicity. Ammonia buildup in aquatic environments can impair gill function, disrupt metabolic processes, and lead to significant fish loss, which is mitigated by the R.E.G.A.L. process.

12. As claimed in claim 1 to 11 above, wherein the Nano bubbles increase the density of water, making the system highly effective for plastic floatation applications. This increased density promotes the separation and collection of plastics and other floating debris from water bodies, providing an additional utility in water management and plastic waste mitigation.