Claims:
1. A process for the preparation of Amicarbazone comprising the step of:

i. Preparing a solution of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ), Potassium hydroxide and toluene;
ii. Raising the temperature of the solution obtained in step (i) to the range of 50°C to 70°C;
iii. Adding tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation to the solution of step (ii)
iv. Heating the solution obtained at temperature in the range of 60°C to 75°C;
v. Cooling the solution obtained in step (iv) to form Amicarbazone.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said step iii) comprises atleast 18% molar excess of TBIC with respect to TAZ.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution is cooled to the temperature in the range of 40°C to 50°C.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooled solution is optionally seeded with Amicarbazone.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) have purity equal to or less than 98%.

6. The process as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) have purity equal to or less than 85%.

7. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the molar excess of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with respect to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) is in the range from 18% to 22%.

8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purity of Amicarbazone obtained in step (v) is more than 97%.
, Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone). The present invention more particularly relates to an improved process for the preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 85%, preferably less than or equal to 80%.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Amicarbazone, 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide is a member of the class of triazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one which is substituted at position 1 by a tert-butylaminocarbonyl group and at position 3 by an isopropyl group. Amicarbazone, is a triazolinone-based herbicidal active compound represented by Formula I.

Formula I

4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) is represented by Formula II

Formula II

Tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) is represented by Formula III

Formula III

The process for preparation of Amicarbazone by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) is disclosed in US9332762(B2) (Indian equivalent 2071/KOLNP/2015).

US9332762(B2) (Indian equivalent 2071/KOLNP/2015) teaches process for preparation of Amicarbazone in example 10, 11 and 12 using amino-triazolinone (TAZ) and t-butyl isocyanate (TBIC). Further the process also involve the use of toluene and KOH.

PROJECT PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT for Proposed Expansion Project For Manufacturing of Agrochemical Active Ingredients & Intermediates and Fine Chemicals at Ankleshwar Project Proponent M/s. Deccan Fine Chemicals (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/03_May_2017_1900586535FXM3T5NAnnexure-Prefeasibilityreport.pdf)

This report teaches method Amicarbazone Preparation as follows,
Amicarbazone Preparation: TBIC and Triazolinone are charged into the reactor and heated less than 60°C. Tert-butylisocyanate is charged at a controlled rate at more than 65°C. After the completion of the reaction, mixture is neutralized and cooled. Amicrabazone is isolated by filtration and then dried.

CN107162993A discloses synthesis of Amicarbazone by adding Triazolinones, potassium hydroxide, catalyst and the solvent into the reactor. Then the tertiary butyl isocyanates prepared is added dropwise, and a heating reaction is performed to obtain the amicarbazone.

Need of the present invention

The present inventors have observed that the production sites of Amicarbazone and site of origin of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) are generally different. At times, production sites may received poor quality (TBIC) which needs to be discarded. Tert-Butyl isocyanate may get decomposed either in transit to the production site or at the origin. Therefore, there is a need for development of a process capable of preparing Amicarbazone employing 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC).

Solution provided by the present invention

The present inventors have suprisingly developed a robust process to produce high quality active ingredient Amicarbazone with various grades of tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC).

The present inventors have found that with good quality tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) it is routinely possible to produce high quality of active ingredient Amicarbazone. However, with tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) of poor quality, only under modified conditions of the present invention it is possible to generate active ingredient meeting the approved specifications.

The present inventors found that tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) of a lower grade can be utilized, via subtle process modifications, to generate Amicarbazone technical grade active ingredient meeting quality specifications.

The present invention provide a robust approach to generate acceptable quality (per manufacturing SPECIFICATIONS.) Amicarbazone technical grade active ingredient via the use of poorer grade of TBIC which is hitherto unknown.

Advantages of the present invention

1. The present invention provide a versatile process that can utilize tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) of poorer quality (low purity) to generate active ingredient Amicarbazone of high purity.
2. The present invention utilize tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) of poorer quality (low purity) which would be generally discarded in case the same is decomposed for example TBIC, which is a highly reactive Isocyanate, needs to maintained/transported pure via exclusion of air/moisture and if not maintained it may decomposed during transit to production site. This would lower the cost of production of Amicarbazone.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a robust process to produce high quality active ingredient Amicarbazone with various grades of tertiary butyl isocyanate (TBIC) having low purity.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a process to produce high quality active ingredient, Amicarbazone with poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity equal to or less than 98%, preferably less than or equal to 85%.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of Amicarbazone comprising the step of:

i. Preparing a solution of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ), Potassium hydroxide and toluene;
ii. Raising the temperature of the solution obtained in step (i) to the range of 50°C to 70°C;
iii. Adding tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation to the solution of step (ii)
iv. Heating the solution obtained at temperature in the range of 60°C to 75°C;
v. Cooling the solution obtained in step (iv) to form Amicarbazone.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Figure 1 show Amicarbazone purity (HPLC) achieved by the process of the present invention (Exp #21).
Figure 2 show impurities (HPLC) detected in the Amicarbazone prepared by the process of the present invention (Exp #21).
Figure 3 show Amicarbazone purity (HPLC) achieved by the process of the present invention (Exp #23).
Figure 4 show impurities (HPLC) detected in the Amicarbazone prepared by the process of the present invention (Exp #23).
Figure 5 show Amicarbazone purity (HPLC) achieved by the process of the present invention (Exp #25).
Figure 6 show impurities (HPLC) detected in the Amicarbazone prepared by the process of the present invention (Exp #25).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone).

In an embodiment the present invention provide an improved process for the preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 88%, preferably less than or equal to 80%.

In another embodiment the present invention provide a process for the preparation of Amicarbazone comprising the step of:

i. Preparing a solution of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ), Potassium hydroxide and toluene;
ii. Raising the temperature of the solution obtained in step (i) to the range of 50°C to 70°C;
iii. Adding tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation to the solution of step (ii)
iv. Heating the solution obtained at temperature in the range of 60°C to 75°C;
v. Cooling the solution obtained in step (iv) to form Amicarbazone.

In the process of the present invention step (iii) comprises atleast 18% molar excess of TBIC with respect to TAZ;

In the process of the present invention the solution is cooled to the temperature in the range of 40°C to 50°C;
In the process of the present invention the cooled solution is optionally seeded with Amicarbazone.

Poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) is defined as a compound with purity less than or equal to 98%.

In an embodiment of the present invention the tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) used in the process of the present invention have purity in the range of 80% to 98%.

In another embodiment of the present invention the tert ert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) used in the process of the present invention have purity less than 85%.

In yet another embodiment the present invention the Amicarbazone obtained as a final product have purity more than 97%.

In yet another embodiment the Heating, Cooling and Filtration may be carried out using conventional processes.

Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 5 show Amicarbazone purity (HPLC) achieved according to coupling process of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 80%, in order to get good quality of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone).
Figure 2, Figure 4 and Figure 6 show impurities (HPLC) detected in Amicarbazone when prepared by the process of the present invention.
The Results achieved by Experiment 21 (Figure 1 and 2) are tabulated in Table 1

Component Specification Result
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w Minimum 96.5% 97.3%
Bis-Acyl compound, % w/w Maximum 1.30% 1.16%
Di-tert-butil-urea, % w/w Maximum 0.60% 0.15%
3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, 4 amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethul), % w/w (Common name: Aminotriazolinone) Maximum 0.40% 0.48%
Toluene, % w/w Maximum 0.50% 0,11%
Karl Fischer, % ww Maximum 0.30% 0.14%
Table 1
The Results achieved by Experiment 23 (Figure 3 and 4) are tabulated in Table 2

Component Specification Result
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w Minimum 96.5% 97.4%
Bis-Acyl compound, % w/w Maximum 1.30% 0.97
Di-tert-butil-urea, % w/w Maximum 0.60% 0.12
3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, 4 amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethul), % w/w (Common name: Aminotriazolinone) Maximum 0.40% 0.18
Toluene, % w/w Maximum 0.50% 0.11
Karl Fischer, % ww Maximum 0.30% 0.20
Table 2

The Results achieved by Experiment 25 (Figure 5 and 6) are tabulated in Table 3

Component Specification Result
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w Minimum 96.5% 98.2%
Bis-Acyl compound, % w/w Maximum 1.30% 0.93
Di-tert-butil-urea, % w/w Maximum 0.60% 0.08
3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, 4 amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethul), % w/w (Common name: Aminotriazolinone) Maximum 0.40% 0.02
Toluene, % w/w Maximum 0.50% 0.17
Karl Fischer, % ww Maximum 0.30% 0.08%
Table 3

Experiment 21, 23 and 25 are conduted in a manner as described in Example 1.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be explained in detail by reference to the following formulation examples and a test example, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Process for preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 80%.

i. Weight the required amount of Toluene, TAZ and Potassium hydroxide and put it under stirring into the 4-Neck Flask;
ii. Drying (azeotropic drying (through the distillation column)) of TAZ under vacuum of 167 mmHg under controlled temperature between 61 to 67°C until get the moisture level of 0,04% in the toluene;
iii. Raise the temperature inside the flask and keep at 60°C (± 1°C);
iv. Increase agitation and add slowly and in constant flow in 30 minutes the required amount of TBIC undistilled in order to have 18% molar excess in relation to TAZ amount;
v. Raise the temperature inside the flask slowly and in constantly heating to 70°C (± 1°C) in 10 min and keep it for 5 minutes;
vi. Cool down the temperature slowly and in constantly inside the flask until 50°C (± 1°C) in 10 minutes and keep it;
vii. Adding seed of Amicarbazone and keep stirring for 10 min;
viii. Stop stirring and cool down the temperature inside the flask until 10°C in 2 hours;
ix. Filter the product formed and wash the crystals with the required amount of water;
x. Dry the crystals under vacuum (200-400mmHg) at 35-40°C until get maximum 0,30% of moisture;
xi. Assay the crystals using the specific method.

Example 2

Process for preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 80%.

i. 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and Potassium hydroxide solution drying under vacuum at 176 mmHg at 67°C
ii. Poor quality of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation adding uner nitrogen atmosphere and controlled temperature of 60°C;
iii. Temperature raising until 70°C;
iv. Temperature cooling down until 50°C;
v. Add 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) seed;
vi. Cooling down until 10°C in 2 hours;
vii. Filtration;
viii. Drying under vacuum at 35-40°C.

The 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity and tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) are tabulated in Table 4.

Sr. No Experiment No. tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity
1 Exp#25 18.00% 98.20%
2 Exp#28 20.00% 98.70%
3 Exp#29 22.00% 98.40%
Table 4

Conclusion: The molar excess equal to or greater than 18.00% of Poor quality of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) achieve high purity of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone).

Comparative Example 1

Process for preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and Poor quality tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity less than or equal to 80%.

i. 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and Potassium hydroxide solution drying under vacuum at 176 mmHg at 67°C
ii. Poor quality of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation adding uner nitrogen atmosphere and controlled temperature of 60°C;
iii. Temperature raising until 70°C;
iv. Temperature cooling down until 50°C;
v. Add 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) seed;
vi. Cooling down until 10°C in 2 hours;
vii. Filtration;
viii. Drying under vacuum at 35-40°C.
The 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity and tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) are tabulated in Table 5.

Sr. No Experiment No. tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity
1 Exp#4 4.00% 73.20%
2 Exp#6 9.50% 83.50%
3 Exp#27 10.00% 88.50%
Table 5

Conclusion: The molar excess less than 18.00% of poor quality of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) achieve low purity of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone).

Comparative Example 2

Process for preparation of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) by coupling of 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and Pure tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) with purity higher than or equal to 98%.

i. 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) and Potassium hydroxide solution drying under vacuum at 176 mmHg at 67°C
ii. Pure tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) without distillation adding uner nitrogen atmosphere and controlled temperature of 60°C;
iii. Temperature raising until 70°C;
iv. Temperature cooling down until 50°C;
v. Add 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) seed;
vi. Cooling down until 10°C in 2 hours;
vii. Filtration;
viii. Drying under vacuum at 35-40°C.

The 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity and tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) are tabulated in Table 6.

Sr. No Experiment No. tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) molar excess 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone) purity
1 Exp#54 4.00% 97.25%
2 Exp#60 3.00% 98.27%
3 Exp#61 5.00% 98.27%
Table 6

Conclusion: The molar excess less than 18.00% of Good quality of tert-Butyl isocyanate (TBIC) (i.e. 4-5% of TBIC molar excess) as compared to 4-Amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (TAZ) achieve high purity of 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide (Amicarbazone).

Experimental Data

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 21.2923 21.2923 51.5728 51.5728 21.2936
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 30 30 72.664 72.664 30
Toluene 99.27% 103.6276 103.6276 300 251.8384 123.8577
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.4471 0.4471 1.0829 1.2995 0.6706
Washing Water -- not measured not measured not measured not measured not measured
moles TBIC 0.215 0.215 0.520 0.520 0.215
moles TAZ 0.206 0.206 0.500 0.500 0.206
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? No No No No No
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 15 15 15 15 21
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 10 10 10 10 22.5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min not measured not measured not measured not measured not measured
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min --- --- --- --- ---
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 17.0% 62.0% 49.8% 73.0% 55.2%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = No
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = 4.00%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = Low purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B6 B7 B8 B9 B10
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 38.68 34.105 22.33 22.977 22.4077
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 51.7769 47.1471 29.8909 28.0572 29.9949
Toluene 99.27% 137.3479 121.1027 79.2911 79.2911 79.567
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.9823 0.8661 0.5671 0.5835 0.5691
Washing Water -- not measured 41.3448 27.0702 27.0702 not measured
moles TBIC 0.390 0.344 0.225 0.232 0.226
moles TAZ 0.356 0.324 0.206 0.193 0.206
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 9.5% 6.0% 9.5% 20.0% 9.5%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 9.47% 6.00% 9.47% 20.00% 9.47%
Time kept at 70°C, min 30 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min not measured 30 15 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min --- 150 30 60 10
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 83.5% 63.3% 58.3% 101.9% 56.7%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = Yes
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = Less than 18 %
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = Low purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B11 B12 B13 B14 B15
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 40.5817 47.7384 52.6735 55.4773 54.2132
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 49.5542 58.2933 61.7467 65.0335 56.7425
Toluene 99.27% 144.1006 169.5132 187.0371 196.9931 192.5044
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 1.0306 1.2124 1.3377 1.4089 1.3768
Washing Water -- 27.0702 57.8723 63.8551 67.2541 65.7216
moles TBIC 0.409 0.481 0.531 0.559 0.547
moles TAZ 0.341 0.401 0.425 0.447 0.390
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 20.0% 20.0% 25.0% 25.0% 40.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? Yes Yes No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 20.00% 20.00% 25.00% 25.00% 40.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 60 60 60 60 60
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 90.0% 82.2% 97.5% 92.7% 92.2%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18 %
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B16 B17 B18 B19 B20
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81,20% 55.7794 55.4773 55.681 55.6993 64.1688
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 62.8727 65.0335 67.9919 68.0143 78.3564
Toluene 99.27% 198.0658 196.9931 197.7164 197.7814 227.8555
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 1.4874 1.4089 1.4848 1.4853 1.7111
Washing Water -- 68.6203 67.2541 67.501 67.5232 77.7906
moles TBIC 0.562 0.559 0.561 0.562 0.647
moles TAZ 0.433 0.447 0.468 0.468 0.539
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 60 60 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 88.1% 98.0% 99.7% 99.4% 98.1%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B21 B22 B23 B24 B25
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81,20% 200.0000 64.1688 350.0000 300.0000 300.0000
TBIC
(Good quality) 98,50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 244.2196 78.3564 427.3842 366.3293 372.4959
Toluene 99.27% 710.1754 227.8555 1242.807 1065.2632 1065.2632
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 5.3333 1.7111 9.332 7.9999 7.9999
Washing Water -- 242.4561 77.7906 424.2982 363.6842 363.6842
moles TBIC 2.017 0.647 3.529 3.025 3.025
moles TAZ 1.680 0.539 2.941 2.521 2.563
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 18.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 18.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 97.3% 97.2% 97.4% 97.8% 98.2%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B26 B27 B28 B29 B30
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 65.0000 62.1739 350.0000 350.0000 350.0000
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- --- --
TAZ 97.71% 82.8223 82.8223 427.3842 420.332398 420.3324
Toluene 99.27% 230.8070 230.8070 1242.807 1242.807 1242.807
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 1.7333 1.7333 9.332 9.4506 9.4506
Washing Water -- 78.7982 78.7982 424.2982 424.2982 424.2982
moles TBIC 0.655 0.627 3.529 3.529 3.529
moles TAZ 0.570 0.570 2.941 2.892 2.892
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 15.0% 10.0% 20.0% 22.0% 22.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 15.00% 10.00% 20.00% 22.01% 22.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 88.5% 88.5% 98.7% 97.8% 97.7%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity

Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B31 B32 B33 B34 B35
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 350.0000 350.0000 350.0000 116.6667 116.6667
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50%
TAZ 97.71% 420.3324 420.3324 427.3842 142.4614 140.1108
Toluene 99.27% 1242.807 1242.807 1242.807 414.2690 414.2690
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 9.4506 9.4506 9.4506 3.1502 3.1502
Washing Water -- 424.2982 424.2982 424.2982 141.4327 141.4327
moles TBIC 3.529 3.529 3.529 1.176 1.176
moles TAZ 2.892 2.892 2.941 0.980 0.964
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 22.0% 22.0% 20.0% 20.0% 22.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 22.01% 22.01% 20.00% 20.00% 22.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 90.4% 90.7% 93.5% 91.6% 92.6%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B37 B38 B39 B40
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 116.6667 115.7398 86.8049 86.8049
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50%
TAZ 97.71% 135.6764 135.6764 104.2239 115.6264
Toluene 99.27% 414.2690 414.2690 310.7018 310.7018
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 3.1502 3.1502 2.3626 2.3626
Washing Water -- 141.4327 141.4327 106.0746 106.0746
moles TBIC 1.176 1.167 0.875 0.875
moles TAZ 0.934 0.934 0.717 0.796
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 26.0% 25.0% 22.0% 10.0%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 26.00% 25.00% 22.04% 10.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 97.6% 90.8% 92.9% 89.6%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B41 B42 B43 B44 B45
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% 26.6154 212.9231 26.6154 26.6154 29.1667
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% -- -- -- -- --
TAZ 97.71% 30.0000 240.0000 30.4699 29.3242 35.0277
Toluene 99.27% 95.2648 762.1183 95.2648 95.2648 103.5673
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.7244 5.7953 0.7244 0.7244 0.7875
Washing Water -- 32.5237 260.1896 32.5237 32.5237 35.3582
moles TBIC 0.268 2.147 0.268 0.268 0.294
moles TAZ 0.206 1.651 0.210 0.202 0.241
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 30.00% 30.00% 28.00% 33.00% 22.01%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 30.00% 30.00% 28.00% 33.00% 22.01%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 98.2% 97.3% 93.5% 92.9% 89.3%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81,20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B46 B47
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81,20% 29.1667 29.1667
TBIC
(Good quality) 98,50% -- --
TAZ 97.71% 34.1898 32.8769
Toluene 99.27% 103.5673 103.5673
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.7777 0.7777
Washing Water -- 35.3582 35.3582
moles TBIC 0.294 0.294
moles TAZ 0.235 0.226
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 25.00% 30.00%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 25.00% 30.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 92.0% 96.1%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81,20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = More than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B49 B50 B51 B52
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81,20% 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000
TBIC
(Good quality) 98,50% -- -- -- --
TAZ 97.71% 40.7013 38.2273 41.8644 41.8644
Toluene 99.27% 106.5263 106.5263 106.5263 106.5263
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.7716 0.7716 0.7716 0.7716
Washing Water -- 36.3684 36.3684 36.3684 36.3684
moles TBIC 0.302 0.302 0.302 0.302
moles TAZ 0.280 0.263 0.288 0.288
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 8.01% 15.00% 5.00% 5.00%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? Yes Yes Yes Yes
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 8.01% 15.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 95.5% 82.6% 82.6% 87.8%

Poor quality – TBIC = 81.20% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = Yes
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = less than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = low purity
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B54 B55 B57 B58
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% -- -- -- --
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000
TAZ 97.71% 42.2680 42.2680 42.2680 42.2680
Toluene 99.27% 106.5263 106.5263 106.5263 106.5263
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.7716 0.7716 0.7716 0.7716
Washing Water -- 36.3684 36.3684 36.3684 36.3684
moles TBIC 0.302 0.302 0.302 0.302
moles TAZ 0.291 0.291 0.291 0.291
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 97.25% 94.56% 93.99% 97.10%

Good quality – TBIC = 98.50% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = less than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity (Since Good quality of TBIC is used)
Reagents/
Reactants Purity (%) B59 B60 B61
TBIC
(Poor quality) 81.20% -- -- --
TBIC
(Good quality) 98.50% 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000
TAZ 97.71% 42.2680 42.6780 41.8662
Toluene 99.27% 106.5263 106.5263 106.5263
KOH (51,81%) 51.81% 0.7716 0.7716 0.7716
Washing Water -- 36.3684 36.3684 36.3684
moles TBIC 0.302 0.302 0.302
moles TAZ 0.291 0.294 0.288
Moles Ratio TBIZ/TAZ 4.00% 3.00% 5.00%
TAZ Azeotropic drying under vacuum? Yes Yes Yes
TBIC adding Was used TBIC distilled? No No No
Temperature inside the flask, °C 60 60 60
Adding time, min 30 30 30
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ 4.00% 3.00% 5.00%
Time kept at 70°C, min 5 5 5
Time for cooling down until 50°C, min 10 10 10
Time for cooling down at 10°C, min 120 120 120
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w 97.22% 98.27% 98.27%

Good quality – TBIC = 98.50% purity
Azeotropic drying of TAZ under vacuum = Yes
Was used TBIC distilled = No
Molar excess of TBIC compared to TAZ = less than 18%
Amicarbazone purity, % w/w = high purity (Since Good quality of TBIC is used)