CLIAMS:An improved system for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips, said system comprising:
at least one k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace for measuring the temperature of different zones;
at least one programmable logic controller configured for receiving inputs;
at least one synthesis gas line;
at least one orifice plate and differential Pressure transmitter (DPT) for measuring synthesis gas flow rate;
at least one human machine interface screen; and
at least one engineering work station screen for tuning proportional integral differential (PID) loops, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT
the mathematical model and one or more control loop are used for maintaining one or more thermal profile of the furnace, and thereby
determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and control temperature of different zones of furnace.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the programmable logic controller receives input from one or more field devices, said mathematical model and one or more operator for executing one or more control functions.
3. The system as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein the orifice plate and differential Pressure transmitter (DPT) are configured in said synthesis gas line.
4. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace is determined based on combination of the thermal profile and a carbon composition profile of one or more steel strip in said furnace.
5. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the human machine interface screen is provided for one or more user to monitor the temperature of different zones, the synthesis gas flow rate, a line speed and one or more parameters from one or more single window.
6. The system as claim in claims 1 to 5, wherein the said thermal profile of the steel strip is determined based on the thermal model of decarburization.
7. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 6, wherein the said thermal model of decarburization is based on thermal kinetics, partial pressure and mass of gases inside said furnace.
8. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 7, wherein the said carbon composition profile of the steel strip is determined based on a metallurgical model of decarburization.
9. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 8, wherein the metallurgical model of decarburization is based on water gas shift reaction inside said furnace.
10. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 9, wherein said metallurgical model of decarburization to determine said carbon composition profile of said steel strip along said furnace length is determined based on temperature dependent activity coefficient of carbon, rate factor for surface reaction, oxidation factor and carbon gradient of said steel strip.
11. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 10, wherein the parameters of said furnace such as humidity ratio, line speed and prediction error is fed to a neural network to generate factors for fine tuning of the system.
12. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 11, wherein said synthesis gas flow rate is optimized based on the user requirements.
13. The system as claimed in claim 1 to 13, wherein the said system is configured to produce one or more Cold Rolled Non-Oriented (CRNO) sheet(s).
14. A method for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips, said method CHARACTERIZED IN THAT comprising:
measuring, using k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace, the temperature of different zones;
receiving, using one or more programmable logic controller, inputs from one or more field devices, said mathematical model and one or more operator for executing one or more control functions;
measuring, using at least one orifice plate and differential Pressure transmitter (DPT) configured in one or more synthesis gas line, synthesis gas flow rate;
monitoring, using a human machine interface screen, the temperature of different zones, the synthesis gas flow rate, a line speed and one or more parameters from one or more single window;
tuning, using one or more engineering work station screen, one or more proportional integral differential (PID) loops;
maintaining, using the mathematical model and one or more control loop, one or more thermal profile of the furnace thereby
determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on combination of the thermal profile and a carbon composition profile of one or more steel strip in said furnace.
,TagSPECI:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an improved temperature control of different zones of furnace for decarburization and annealing of steel strip for developing better magnetic properties in Cold Rolled Non-Oriented (CRNO) Steel. More particularly, the present invention relates to changing and controlling the thermal profile of the steel strip inside the electrical furnace through the mathematical model based on metallurgical properties, varying dimensions and line speed of the steel strip to produce the desired CRNO grade steel.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION

Decarb Annealing and Tandem Annealing lines of Silicon Steel Mill, Rourkela Steel Plant are used to remove excess carbon from CRNO strips in synthesis gas atmosphere to improve electrical properties of the products. These lines produce CRNO coils of M 43, 45 and 47 grades. The lines consist of electrically heated furnaces for decarburisation, high temperature annealing, humidifier, drying furnace, coating section etc. Electrical steel is produced from a steel melt which is cast as a slab, cooled, hot rolled and/or cold rolled into a finished strip. The finished strip is further subjected to decarburization and annealing treatment wherein the magnetic properties are developed, making the steel strip suitable for use in electrical machinery such as motors or transformers.

The process involves heating steel strip, which is passed continuously through the furnace, to temperatures ranging between 840 – 980 0C and then cooling it. This results in a change in grain structure of steel. If carbon in the steel is more than 0.003%, then steel needs to be decarburized. For this, the steel strip is continuously fed into furnace at decarburization end and after decarburization the strip enters annealing zone, where stress relief and grain growth takes place. Decarburization process is very important since it reduces carbon from strip and improves quality and grade of end product. Furnace settings like temperature and line speed are often changed to cater for products with different metallurgical properties and varying dimensions.

US patent no. US 6635121 teach about a method for controlling the decarburization of steel components in a furnace during heat treating processes. The concentration of CO2 and/or CO in the furnace is monitored in a first batch in order to determine periods of elevated CO2/CO concentrations, and inert gas is injected in subsequent batches during the previously determined periods of elevated CO2/CO concentrations.

Earlier the zone temperatures of the furnace were being controlled through old generation analog PID controllers with circular chart recorder. The temperatures of different zones of the furnace were controlled by providing set points based on experience/practice. Inaccuracy of the temperature control system and gas flow distribution in the furnace was one of the causes of frequent down gradation of CRNO steel.

The present inventors have designed a system for temperature control of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for better and scientific way of controlling the process of decarburization and annealing of steel strips. The improved system for furnace temperature control ensures that the control is more accurate and from a single window, which results in attaining the desired temperature profile in furnace in order to get the desired grade of electrical steel.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

One of the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages / drawbacks of the prior art.

It is an object of the present invention is to provide a system for temperature control of the different zones of the furnace from a single window.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved system for setting the temperature of different zones of the furnace for proper decarburization and annealing of the steel strips depending on the metallurgical properties and varying dimensions from a single window.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system for setting the thermal profile inside the furnace in a scientific manner through the mathematical model.

Further object of the present invention is to provide a system for setting the Carbon content profile of steel strip inside the furnace in a scientific manner through the mathematical model.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved system that predicts the grade of the Electrical Steel after the completion of the process for a particular temperature profile and line speed.

These and other advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concept of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of the invention presented later.

In one implementation, an improved system for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips is disclosed, the system comprises of at least one k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace for measuring the temperature of different zones; at least one programmable logic controller configured for receiving inputs; at least one synthesis gas line; at least one orifice plate and differential Pressure transmitter (DPT) for measuring synthesis gas flow rate.; at least one human machine interface screen; and at least one engineering work station screen for tuning proportional integral differential (PID) loops, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the mathematical model and one or more control loop are used for maintaining one or more thermal profile of the furnace, and thereby determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and control temperature of different zones of furnace.

In one implementation, a method for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips is disclosed. The method CHARACTERIZED IN THAT comprising:
· measuring, using k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace, the temperature of different zones;
· receiving, using one or more programmable logic controller, inputs from one or more field devices, said mathematical model and one or more operator for executing one or more control functions;
· measuring, using one or more flow measurement device configured in one or more synthesis gas line, synthesis gas flow rate;
· monitoring, using a human machine interface screen, the temperature of different zones, the synthesis gas flow rate, a line speed and one or more parameters from one or more single window;
· tuning, using one or more engineering work station screen, one or more proportional integral differential (PID) loops;
· maintaining, using the mathematical model and one or more control loop, one or more thermal profile of the furnace thereby
· determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on combination of the thermal profile and a carbon composition profile of one or more steel strip in said furnace.

According to one of the aspect of the present invention there is provided an improved system for temperature control of the furnace based on the mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strip for producing CRNO grade steel with low electrical loss/watt loss and the said system comprising of:
at least one K-type thermocouple means is substantially installed in each zone of the furnace to measure the furnace temperature and sending the temperature reading to the programmable logic controller through the transmitter ;
at least one Programmable Logic Controller means is substantially installed in the main control room in which all the temperature controller loop for each zone and other control program has been made in soft logic to control the furnace temperature.
at least one PC based operator’s interface means substantially installed in the operator’s pulpit from where the operator can monitor and control the zone temperature of the furnace during the decarburization and annealing process of steel strip from a single window.
at least one PC based engineering work station means installed to in the main control room in which the mathematical model is incorporated and which generates the furnace temperature set points from the model , for logging in the data the field devices such temperature transmitter , flow meter , and the like.

According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided an improved system for temperature control of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips, said system comprising:
at least one k-type thermocouple in each zone of the said furnace for measuring the temperature of each said zone ;
at least one Programmable Logic Controller system configured in main control room taking inputs from the field devices , mathematical model and the operator for executing the control functions;
at least one synthesis gas line;
at least one flow measurement device configured in said synthesis gas line for measurement of the synthesis gas flow,
at least one Human Machine Interface screen for the user to monitor the zone temperature of the said furnace, synthesis gas flow rate, line speed and other parameters from a single window;
at least one Engineering work station screen wherein Proportional Integral Differential (PID) loops is tuned for Temperature set points, for maintaining the humidifier ratio
( H2O/H2) and maintaining the synthesis gas flow through control valve(CV). For opening and closing of solenoid valve (SV) though remote location the mathematical model and control loop(s) is run for maintaining the thermal profile of the furnace; characterized by, determining the decarburization in real time of said furnace based on combined thermal profile and carbon composition profile of said steel strip(s) in said furnace.
Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses exemplary embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

The following drawings are illustrative of particular examples for enabling methods of the present invention, are descriptive of some of the methods, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The drawings are not to scale (unless so stated) and are intended for use in conjunction with the explanations in the following detailed description.

Figure 1 illustrates the New Control Architecture for furnace temperature control.

Figure 2 illustrates the Operator’s Interface i.e. monitoring and control from a single window.

Figure 3 illustrates the screen for the historical trends, data logging of zone temperature

Figure 4 illustrates the thermal profile, initial and final carbon from the Mathematical Model.

Figure 5 illustrates the actual versus predicted end carbon after Decarb-Annealing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.

The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

By the term “substantially” it is meant that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.

It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.

The present invention relates to an improved system for temperature control of different zones of furnace (4) based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips (6).

The present system consists of the Programmable Logic controller (PLC) (2), K-Type thermocouple (5), temperature transmitter, Pressure transmitter, Differential Pressure transmitter and orifice plate, PC based operator’s interface and PC based Engineering Work station (3 b). The schematic of the new control system is shown in Figure 1. The Programmable Logic controller is installed in the Main Control Room. The individual Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller for each zone of the furnace (4) has been replaced by the soft PID controller program installed in the PLC (2). The humidifier ratio controller has also been replaced by the soft controller in PLC. The analog input from thermocouples (5 a-d), resistance temperature detectors (RTD’s), Pressure transmitter, line speed, strip (6) width and flow transmitter are sent to analog input card of the PLC (2). These inputs are needed for real-time control of the system. It takes set values from single window i.e. operator’s interface given by the operator/user or through the mathematical model based on which the PLC (2) gets the set value of the different zone temperature which is taken by the PID control loops of each zone. The PLC (2) is programmed to monitor and controls the parameter of furnace (4) taking care of all interlocks. K-Type Thermocouples (5 a-d) have been installed in each zone of furnace (4) to measure temperature profile of the furnace (4). Furnace (4) temperature profile is a very important input to the mathematical model in order to calculate the final carbon of steel strip (6). The thermocouples (5 a-d) are connected to temperature transmitter by compensating cable that feeds signal to PLC (2) which in turn controls the thyristors (1 a-b) firing in order to keep the temperature profile as per set point. New orifice plates with flow transmitters of smart type have been installed in synthesis gas line. The idea is to precisely measure flow rate and hence forth control the flow rate effectively as per need of furnace (4). 4-20mA signals from transmitter are fed into PLC and are displayed in the Human Machine Interface (HMI) (3 a) screen of operator/user enabling him to control the flow rate from operator/user room itself. This helps in saving of extra toil in order to change the setting manually through manual valve in the synthesis gas line which is at a distance from operator’s room. Moreover, the system ensures that operator/user gets accurate real time values of flow rate of synthesis gas flowing into furnace (4) and change set points accordingly. PC based operator’s interface has been installed in the operator’s pulpit and PC based Engineering Workstation (3 b) is installed in the Main Control Room of Silicon steel Mill. The screen displays set point and process value temperature of each zone. There are screens for display of alarms, trends (both historical and current) which helps operator to monitor and control the system with ease. Screenshots of some of the screens are shown in Figure 2 to Figure 3. The level II model has been developed as a third party executable file which runs in tandem with the HMI (3a). Using Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control (OPC), the model fetches input parameters like zone temperatures, line speed, coil input carbon, humidifier ratio, coil width and coil thickness directly from PLC (2). The model then calculates thermal profile of the steel strip (6) as it passes through each of furnace (4). Based on steel strip’s (6) thermal profile in furnace (4), the model also calculates how much decarburization has taken place till its current position in furnace (4). Thus, based on its past history through furnace (4), the end point temperature and carbon concentration in the steel strip (6) is known. This value of end carbon is transferred back to PLC (2) to be displayed on the operator screen. Figure 4 depicts the thermal and carbon concentration profile of a steel strip (6) inside the furnace (4) at a particular instance of time.

In order to improve upon product quality and operational efficiency it is desirable that strip (6) temperature and carbon composition profile be predicted to ensure close control. This can be done by modeling it mathematically for the furnace conditions. The model should predict the strip temperature in furnace (4) for actual production schedules with changes in product dimensions, steel grade and furnace (4) temperature settings. This thermal model needs to be clubbed with the metallurgical model of the decarburization to predict the temperature and chemistry of the product during production schedule. Essentially, the temperature within the strip (6) may be modeled by the heat equation with an advection term corresponding to the strip’s speed v through the furnace (4):

where, is the density of strip, is the temperature of strip, is time, is strip speed, is thermal conductivity of the strip and are linear dimensions in length, width and thickness directions.

The decarburization kinetics can be predicted by considering the furnace atmosphere to be a mixture of N2-H2-H2O-CO-CO2-CH4-O2 annealing atmosphere. The calculations involve the numerical solution of a system of equations to find the partial pressure of gases. Coupled with mass balance equations for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen on one hand and kinetic rate equations the rate of decarburization inside steel strip (6) can be calculated as

Where, is the concentration of carbon in strip, is the mass diffusivity of carbon in iron, is time, is linear dimension in thickness direction.

On the other hand carbon from the strip (6) surface should be removed through the furnace atmosphere to maintain a driving force for decarburization. On the strip (6) surface, the chemical reaction taking place is water gas shift reaction:
With given by
and where
where, is the rate constant, is the temperature inside furnace , is activity of carbon, , , is partial pressure of carbon monoxide, water vapor and hydrogen gas in furnace atmosphere.

The water gas shift reaction is reversible and if furnace conditions permits, there can be a possibility of recarburization of the strip (6) surface. The equation indicates that by increasing the partial pressure of H2O or by reducing the partial pressure of CO and H2 the reaction can be pushed in direction favoring decarburization. By increasing the percentage of N2 and H2O in the furnace atmosphere, the partial pressure of H2 can be lowered. However, increasing H2O pressure in the furnace atmosphere can lead to higher oxidation potential, leading to formation of iron oxide layers on the steel surface and hampering decarburization. The oxidation potential is given by:
where and
The surface flux is given by
where is the equivalent carbon content in the gas at the strip (6) surface.

Using the temperature dependent activity coefficient of carbon in silicon steel and the rate factor for surface reaction, along with oxidation factor and carbon gradient, the weight of carbon loss per unit length of strip (6) is calculated. This is marched in forward direction with a time-step to calculate the gradual loss of carbon from strip (6) and thus generate the transient carbon profile for the whole strip (6) along the furnace (4) length. In order to generate profiles with high accuracy very small time steps are required. To make the model useful for real time applications, the distribution of carbon through the thickness of strip (6) is assumed constant and a tuning factor is used to adjust the model parameters.
In order to reduce error between the predicted and the actual end carbon, parameters such as humidity ratio, line speed and prediction error is fed to a neural network to generate factors for fine tuning the model. Using the factors generated through the neural network yielded better results of target value. Table 1 presents a list of data for comparison between predicted and actual end carbon for few samples.

The present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is noted that this description has been provided by way of explanation and illustration. Clearly various alternatives to these preferred embodiments are possible and are obvious to a person skilled in art. Such modifications and alternatives obtaining the advantages and the benefits of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications and alternatives are within the scope of the invention.

Referring now to, figure 1 illustrates the New Control Architecture for furnace temperature control. In one implementation, figure 1 depicts the new control architecture for furnace temperature control. The architecture shows the PLC which replaces the individual PID controller. The PLC is interfaced with the Human Machine Interface (HMI) i.e. Operator’s Interface, the differential pressure transducer (DPT) based flow measurement for synthesis gas flow, the Humidifier and various electrically operated valves linked to PLC system. The various components as shown in figure 1 are as given below:
· PT : Pressure Transmitter : measuring the pressure of synthesis gas
· Water Jacket : Cooling of strip
· Jet cool : synthesis gas N2
· Humidifiers : H2O/H2 ratio
· PRV : Pressure reducing Valve for reducing line pressure if required
· SOV: Solenoid operated valve for closing the line electrically from remote location
· CV: control valve : maintaining the synthesis gas flow rate by giving set point though PLC
· DPT: Differential pressure transmitter in conjunction with orifice plate is used to measure the flow rate through the line.

Referring now to figure 2 illustrates the Operator’s Interface i.e. monitoring and control from a single window. In one implementation, this figure depicts the operator’s interface i.e., single window in the operator’s pulpit through which the operator can monitor and control the various zone temperature, line speed, humidifier ratio, synthesis gas flow rate, etc.

Referring now to figure 3 illustrates the screen for the historical trends, data logging of zone temperature. In one implementation, the figure 3 is the main screen shows the historical trends of the temperature of a particular zone.

Referring now to figure 4 illustrates the thermal profile, initial and final carbon from the mathematical model. In one implementation, this figure 4 shows the actual temperature along the length of the furnace, temperature as predicted by the model, percentage carbon along the length of the furnace, initial and final carbon.

Figure 5 illustrates the actual versus predicted end carbon after Decarb-Annealing. In one implementation, the table shows the actual carbon as tested in the laboratory and the predicted carbon through the on-line mathematical model.

In one implementation, an improved system for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips is disclosed, the system comprises of at least one k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace for measuring the temperature of different zones; at least one programmable logic controller configured for receiving inputs; at least one synthesis gas line; at least one flow measurement device for measuring synthesis gas flow rate; at least one human machine interface screen; and at least one engineering work station screen for tuning proportional integral differential (PID) loops, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the mathematical model and one or more control loop are used for maintaining one or more thermal profile of the furnace, and thereby determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and control temperature of different zones of furnace.

In one implementation, a method for controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on mathematical model for decarburization and annealing of steel strips is disclosed. The method CHARACTERIZED IN THAT comprising:
· measuring, using k-type thermocouple in different zones of said furnace, the temperature of different zones;
· receiving, using one or more programmable logic controller, inputs from one or more field devices, said mathematical model and one or more operator for executing one or more control functions;
· measuring, using one or more flow measurement device configured in one or more synthesis gas line, synthesis gas flow rate;
· monitoring, using a human machine interface screen, the temperature of different zones, the synthesis gas flow rate, a line speed and one or more parameters from one or more single window;
· tuning, using one or more engineering work station screen, one or more proportional integral differential (PID) loops;
· maintaining, using the mathematical model and one or more control loop, one or more thermal profile of the furnace thereby
· determine the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace, and controlling temperature of different zones of furnace based on combination of the thermal profile and a carbon composition profile of one or more steel strip in said furnace.

In one implementation, the programmable logic controller receives input from one or more field devices, said mathematical model and one or more operator for executing one or more control functions.

In one implementation, the decarburization and annealing in real time of the furnace is determined based on combination of the thermal profile and a carbon composition profile of one or more steel strip in said furnace.

In one implementation, the human machine interface screen is provided for one or more user to monitor the temperature of different zones, the synthesis gas flow rate, a line speed and one or more parameters from one or more single window.

In one implementation, the said thermal profile of the steel strip is determined based on the thermal model of decarburization.

In one implementation, the said thermal model of decarburization is based on thermal kinetics, partial pressure and mass of gases inside said furnace.

In one implementation, the said carbon composition profile of the steel strip is determined based on a metallurgical model of decarburization.

In one implementation, the said thermal model of decarburization is based on thermal kinetics, partial pressure and mass of gases inside said furnace.

In one implementation, the said carbon composition profile of the steel strip is determined based on a metallurgical model of decarburization.

In one implementation, the metallurgical model of decarburization is based on water gas shift reaction inside said furnace.

In one implementation, said metallurgical model of decarburization to determine said carbon composition profile of said steel strip along said furnace length is determined based on temperature dependent activity coefficient of carbon, rate factor for surface reaction, oxidation factor and carbon gradient of said steel strip.

In one implementation, the parameters of said furnace such as humidity ratio, line speed and prediction error is fed to a neural network to generate factors for fine tuning of the system.

In one implementation, said synthesis gas flow rate is optimized based on the user requirements.

In one implementation, the said system is configured to produce one or more Cold Rolled Non-Oriented (CRNO) sheet(s).

The illustrations of arrangements described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all the elements and features of apparatus and systems that might make use of the structures described herein. Many other arrangements will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Other arrangements may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Figures are also merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions thereof may be exaggerated, while others may be minimized. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense

Thus, although specific arrangements have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific arrangement shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments and arrangements of the invention. Combinations of the above arrangements, and other arrangements not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.