FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970 (39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10 and rule 13)


TITLE OF THE INVENTION AN IMPROVED TURNING MACHINE
APPLICANTS
PREMIER LIMITED
AN INDIAN COMPANY
of 58, NARIMAN BHAWAN,
NARIMAN POINT,
MUMBAI-400 021, INDIA

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed


AN IMPROVED TURNING MACHINE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to a turning machine for machining desired material(s), from a piece of turning/rotating stock, and in particular to an improved turning machine which is adapted for high-speed rotation of parts, greater stability, and less chatter.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Turning machines are well known in the art. Turning machines are used to machine desired metal pieces and shapes from a piece of stock as the stock is turned or rotated at a relatively high speed. A typical turning machine includes a frame, a chuck assembly for holding a piece of stock material in place relative to the machine, a motor and transmission for rotating the chuck assembly and stock material at a desired speed, and a tooling assembly for machining the stock material as it is turned. The tooling assembly generally includes a turret which holds a variety of cutting tools and allows for any of a number of these cutting tools to be interchanged for use in machining a part. Typically, turning machines also include a controller which controls the radial and axial positioning of a cutting tool to produce a part of the desired shape.
One type of turning machine is known as a vertical turning machine as the stock to be machined rotates around a vertical axis as it is machined. Various other types of turning machines are also known.
Turning machines are generally adapted to produce a wide variety of parts, and thus are capable of operating at a wide variety of speeds and of holding a large number of different cutting tools which can be interchanged during the machining process to produce the particular part desired. While conventional turning machines are well adapted to perform a wide variety of machining operations,

there are unfortunately several drawbacks with existing turning machines. For example, conventional turning machines require a cooling lubricant to be applied to the cutting edge of the cutting tool to remove heat generated during the cutting operation. Otherwise, the heat generated from the cutting operation may cause the turned part, such as an aluminum part, to melt, and may otherwise damage the finish of the machined part. Unfortunately, coolant is expensive, leaves a residue on the finished part and on the turning machine, and may pose environmental and health problems.
Additionally, as a typical turning machine is designed to be highly versatile, it often requires a transmission to adjust the turning speed of the stock material, a turret to house a large number of cutting tools, and various other assemblies to improve the flexibility and versatility of the machine.
As a result of the complexity of many turning machines, they also are difficult and expensive to maintain and tend to wear very quickly. One area of wear in many conventional turning machines is the drive arrangement. The drive arrangement typically includes a motor, a transmission, a belt to engage rotational power to the spindle and chuck assembly, and a number drive belt and pulleys. In such an arrangement, the drive components typically communicate power through a number of drive belts and pulley which are maintained under significant tension so that the drive power from the motor can be efficiently transferred to the spindle and chuck.
Unfortunately, the transmission, the brake tend to wear significantly as do the bearings of the various rotational items, such as the pulleys, because of the significant amount of belt tension and resultant stresses on the various components. Another drawback of many turning machines is that the rotational speed of the stock material, and thus the speed at which the material can be machined, is limited to speeds below which these machines tend to experience

CHECK LIST The following information is submitted herewith for easing digitization work: -

1. Title of Invention
2. Name of Applicant
3. Address of Applicant

AN IMPROVED TURNING MACHINE
PREMIER LIMITED
58, NARIMAN BHAWAN, NARIMAN POINT, MUMBAI - 400 021

4. Application Type Patent
5. Schedule Entry No. Not known
6. Type of Application Legal Entity
7. Type of Application Ordinary
8. No. of Priority Nil
9. Mode of Payment Full Amount
10. Type of Specification Complete Specification
11. Total No. of Pages . 29
12. Total No. of Claims 23

13. Payment mode
14. Drawee Bank
15. Cheque No.
16. Amount
17. Date

Cheque
Rs. 34,400/- (Form 1, 3, 9,18)

chatter and vibration which can harm the machine or damage the part being machined.
Accordingly there was a long felt need to provide a turning machine which could turn the part to be machined at a higher frequency and thus allow the part to be machined faster, as well as to provide a machine that applies substantially less cooling lubricants and exhibits substantially less vibration or chatter during the cutting process, involves substantially low wearing of transmission mechanisms, involves simplified construction, is structurally and technically sound and is less costly.
The present invention meets the aforesaid long felt need.
All through out the specification including the claims, the words "frame", "chuck", "assembly", "motor", "transmission", "tooling", "turret", "drive assembly", "work piece", "driven pulley", "spindle assembly", "turning machine", and "cutting assembly" are to be interpreted in the broadest sense of the respective terms and includes all similar items in the field known by other terms, as may be clear to persons skilled in the art. Restriction/Limitation if any, referred to in the specification, is solely by way of example and understanding the present invention.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which can turn the parts to be machined at a higher frequency and thus at a faster rate.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which is adapted to operate with minimal vibration and chatter.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which is adapted to significant damping causing substantial reduction in harmonics and vibrations.
It is yet a further object of a present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which involves simplified construction, having a minimal number of moving parts and assemblies.
It is a further object of a present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock, which involves substantially low wearing of transmission mechanism for transmitting power to rotate the work piece.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which is structurally and technically sound and is less costly.
It is yet another object of a present invention to provide a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock which applies substantially lower percentage of cooling lubricants for cooling of the machine.
It is yet another object to the present invention to provide a vertical turning machine which is designed and adopted as a machine dedicated to the manufacture of a small number of different parts at a very high rate.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for fabricating a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock, which can turn the parts to be machined at a higher frequency and thus at a faster rate and shows substantial reduction in harmonics and vibrations, during its operation.

How the foregoing objects are achieved and the other aspects of the present invention will be clear from the following description, which is purely by way of understanding and not by way of any sort of limitation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock including at least a base, having at least an electrical driving means, at least a rotating means for rotating said material(s) and at least a supporting means for accommodating a tooling means all mounted on said base, said base and said supporting means being operatively connected and designed with adequate mass and structural rigidity, whereby substantial reduction in harmonics and vibrations is achieved.
In accordance with preferred embodiments of the turning machine according to the present invention:
-said electrical driving means is an A.C. Servo motor, said rotating means is a spindle assembly and said supporting means is a frame.
-said tooling means include a cutting assembly with or without turret having a variety of cutting tools.
-there is provided a driving assembly for transferring power from said motor to spindle assembly, said driving assembly having a first driven pulley mounted to said motor and a second driven pulley mounted to said spindle assembly.
-there is provided an encoder and a timing belt, said timing belt being located between said encoder and said spindle assembly.

-said driving assembly includes a first driven pulley mounted to said encoder and a second driven pulley mounted to said spindle assembly and a flat belt extending between the pulleys.
-said frame is a vertically extending frame to which said cutter assembly is slidably mounted.
-said cutting assembly is counter balanced by a suitable weight.
-there is mounted thereon an indexable tool holder store having a plurality of tool holders to manufacture limited number of parts.
-said spindle assembly is adapted to be rotated at adequate speed whereby heated chip fragments are caused to be removed.
-a chuck assembly is located on top of said spindle assembly on two preloaded angular contact ball bearing, and double row cylindrical roller bearing, the entire unit being mounted on a table base and a column is mounted at the rear and top of said table base.
-a hydraulic power pack is applied to actuate the jaws of said chuck through a hydraulic cylinder.
-a chip conveyer is designed to carry chips.
-a coolant tank is mounted on said table base of said machine.
-there is provided a control panel mounted on right side of said column of said machine, and is provided with A.C. for cooling.
-a swiveling pendent box is mounted on said column.

■a drive chain mechanism is provided for each X and Z- axis of said machine, said mechanism comprising an A.C. servo motor coupled to a precision ball screw by coupling in each said axis.
-said column is a thermo symmetrical fabricated structure and there is provided a special structure injected between said table base and said column.
-said column carries a cross rail, said cross rail carries a cross rail slide and said cross rail slide is balanced by means of a hydraulic cylinder and a balancing weight.
-rod of said hydraulic cylinder is connected to said cross rail through floating joint mounted on said column, said balancing weight being adapted to move in the cavity of said column.
The present invention also provides a turning machine for machining work piece from a stock including a base; a spindle assembly for holding and turning a work piece; a motor; a direct drive assembly for transferring power from the motor to the spindle assembly; and a cutting assembly; the base being of sufficient mass and area to provide a damping force that facilitates reducing vibrations and harmonics generated by the machine, the motor and direct drive assembly being adapted to rotate the spindle assembly about a vertical axis at a rate wherein chip fragments aviate off of a work piece being machined, such that heat generated by a tooling process is removed by fragments which have absorbed the heat.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, said machine is a vertical turning machine having at least a turret dedicated to the manufacture of a limited number of parts.

The present invention also provides a method for fabricating a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock, including designing at least a base, mounting thereon and operatively connecting at least an electrical driving means, at least a rotating means and at least a frame having a tooling means, said method further including designing and operatively connecting said frame and base, such that adequate mass and structural rigidity are ensured.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The nature and scope of the present invention will be better understood from the accompanying drawings, which are by way of illustration of some preferred embodiments and not by way of any sort of limitation. In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1(a) illustrates the front view of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Figure 1(b) illustrates the side view of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Figure 1(c) illustrates a plan of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Figures 2(a & b) illustrate the Cross rail & x-axis drive assembly of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Figure 3 schematically illustrates the Cross rail balancing assembly of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;

Fig 4 schematically illustrates the Table Base assembly of the Turning Machine to the present invention;
Fig 5(a) schematically illustrates the Z-axis kinematics drawing of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Fig 5(b) schematically illustrates the X-axis kinematics drawing of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
Fig 6 schematically illustrates the Block diagram of table of the Turning Machine according to the present invention;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following describes some preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are purely for the sake of understanding the present invention and not by way of any sort of limitation.
As known to persons skilled in the art, machining of desired metal pieces and
shapes include the following :-
-Boring
-Turning
-Facing
-Taper Turning
-Tapping
-Milling
Various types of machining can be performed using adequate type of tool and moving the tool properly for example,
-Boring involves machining of internal surface. -Turning involves machining of external surface. -Facing involves machining of Top Surface.

-Taper turning involves machining of Taper Surface.
Also, vertical turning machine (Live spindle) with 'C axis gives following
operations.
Milling, Slotting and Tapping operations.
-Tapping involves thread holes in a surface.
-Milling involves shaping of metal and other solid materials. Its basic form is that of a rotating cutter which rotates about the spindle axis. (Similar to a drill), and a table to which the workpiece is fixed.
As is described below, the turning machine is designed and adapted as a machine dedicated to the manufacture of a small number of different parts at a very high rate. As such, the turning machine is preferably designed with a minimal number of moving parts and assemblies and is adapted to turn the workpiece to be machined at a high rate with minimal vibration and chatter. The vertical turning machine includes a base to which is mounted a AC Servo motor, a spindle assembly and a vertically extending frame supporting a cutting assembly. The base and frame are preferably connected and designed with adequate mass and structural rigidity to provide significant damping to the machine to reduce harmonics and vibrations (i.e., chatter) generated by cutting action of the machine and rotation of the drive motor.
The turning machine according the present invention, gives the following operations.
Turning, boring, facing & machine with (Live spindle) 'C axis gives Drilling, tapping, milling & slotting operations.
As illustrated in the accompanying figure 1(a) the front view of the turning machine shows a turret head (1), Z-axis A.C. servomotor (2), X-axis servo motor

(2'), a symmetrical column (3), a chip conveyor(4), a control panel(5), a cross rail(6), and a table base(7).
The accompanying figure 1(b) illustrates the side view of the turning machine according to the present invention. It shows table (7'), pendent box (8), hydraulic power pack (9), spindle motor (2"), and a centralised lubrication unit (10).
Accompanying figure 1 (c) illustrates a plan of the turning machine according to the present invention. It shows a spindle motor (2"), hydraulic pack (9), hydraulic power bracket (9"), controller (5"), control panel (5), and a coolant tank (101). Chip conveyor (4) is designed to maximum cheap carrying capacity. Slat type chip conveyor is very suitable to carry curly chips. Coolant tank (10') is 420 liters capacity and it has three chambers for filtration. It is mounted on table base of the machine.
The control panel (5), is mounted on the right side of the column (3) and provided with A.C. for cooling. Swiveling pendent box (8) is mounted on column at side of operation. This is designed on the basis of ergonomics.
Figures 1(a) & (b) illustrate the tool holder is located and clamped in the turret (1). Location is by a spigot and it is clamped by bolting it to the turret under face as well as locking the spigot. Tooling system thro Turret (Live tool turret) (wherein drilling & tapping can be possible) optionally provided. The turret can carry eight station & twelve station tool holders. Turret is fixed on cross rail slide (7) and boring bar (4 way indexing type) is fixed to turret from bottom.
Figures 1 (a), ( b) & (c) illustrate the Chuck Manufactured from high grade alloy steel. All the sliding surface of these chucks are hardened and ground for accurate turning and long service. Lubrication facility provided on each base jaw, ensures better gripping force output. The wedge design of the chuck has a self

locking feature, that prevents accidents and it does not loose its gripping power even at cutting load.
These compact and sturdy chucks offer powerful grip together which high repeatability. Their stable gripping powers even at higher speed make them ideal for CNC application.
The chuck is actuated by a rear mounted hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder via a draw bar passing through the machine spindle bore. Since it is important that the cylinder should provide the correct operating force to match the chuck, the supply of the pressure to the cylinder should be adjusted accordingly.
Figures 2 (a) &( b) illustrate the Cross rail & x-axis drive assembly of the Turning Machine according to the present invention. Figure 2(a) shows X-axis motor (2'), cross-rail (6), cross-slide (6'), and centerline of table (7"). Figure 2 (b) shows X-axis motor (2'), cross-slide (6'), cross-rail (6), and support bracket (12), X-axis ball screw (13).
The accompanying figure 3 illustrates the cross- rail balancing assembly of the turning machine according to the present invention. It shows column (3), cross-rail (6), cross-rail slide (6'), bracket for balancing (15), roller chain (14).
The thermo-symmetric column (3) is a fabricated structure. It is mounted at the rear and top of the table base (7). A special structural material is injected in between the table base (7) and column (3). This helps in establishing a good contact between the column (3) and table base (7) as well as increases the damping effect. The column carries the cross rail (6). The fabricated cross rail traverses up/down on the column guideways. The cross rail carries the cross rail slide (6'). The cross rail is balanced by means of a hydraulic cylinder (20) and a balancing weight. The hydraulic cylinder rod is connected to cross rail (6) through

floating joint mounted on the column (3) and balancing weight (15) moves in the cavity of the column (3).
Figures 2(a)& ( b) & Figure 3 illustrate that both X and Z axis has high precision, large size ball screws provides good repeatability and fast traverse. These are lubricated by the oil in central lubrication system. Ball screw design is of both side supported type. Ball screws are directly driven by servo motor and connected by flexible bellow coupling which gives accurate drive.
The present invention also includes eight station capacity having provision of mounting axial tool holder, radial tool holder, boring bar holder, radial tool and axial tool and so on.
The accompanying figure 4 illustrates the table base assembly of the turning machine according to the present invention. It shows chuck (16), spindle (17), draw tube (18), draw bar (19), hydraulic cylinder (20), anti-rotation bracket (21), flat-belt (22), table-base (7) and spindle motor (2"). The Table Base assembly is mounted on the chuck/adapter (6) plate and is located on top of a vertical spindle (17) rotating on two preloaded angular contact ball bearings and double row cylindrical roller bearing. This unit is again mounted on table base (7). The drive motor (2") for driving spindle is mounted vertically on the rear side of the table base (7).
As shown in the accompanying figure 4, the Spindle is driven by spindle motor (2") of 22/26 Kw power capacity through Flat belt (22). The table is stopped dynamically to bring it to a standstill at an oriented position. This oriented position has an accuracy of ±20 degrees and it provided only for the ease of manual / unloading of the component on the fixture. Cross rail moves in vertical direction on Column guide ways through ball screw (23) and is driven by Z-axis servo (2) motor through flexible bellow coupling (11) as illustrated in the accompanying figure 5(a). The axis drive servo motor for the vertical axis is equipped with a holding break, to

prevent the cross rail from dropping down on power lose condition, i.e. motor de-energized.
The permanent magnet holding break operates according to the principle of the closed circuit current. When the permanent magnet is used, it exerts, by means of its magnetic field, a fractional force on the armature break disc, i.e. when de-energized the brake is closed and thus the motor shaft is held.
Cross rail slide moves in horizontal transverse direction on Cross rail guide ways through ball screw (13) and is driven by X-axis servo motor (2') through flexible bellow coupling (11) as illustrated in the accompanying figure 5(b). For holding the vertical feed axis at a standstill without backlash during operating, a holding torque is generated by the servo motor.
Hydraulic power pack (9) shown in figure 1(c) is used to actuate the jaws of chuck through hydraulic cylinder (20). Motor pump assembly and oil cooler are mounted on the oil tank. Accumulator is given for safety to avoid accident in case of power failure. Manifold is mounted on bracket which is mounted on wall of table base. By means of solenoid direction control valve hydraulic cylinder actuates and chuck clamping as well as de-clamping is done.
Atomized lubrication system is used which provides lubrication in pressurized state to all sliding elements like ball screws, Ball screw support bearing and so on.
Recirculation type oil lubrication provided for spindle assembly. Power pack is mounted on wall of table base. Return line from spindle assembly is pumped by separate motor to tank through oil cooler.
Figure5 (a) illustrates schematically the drive chain mechanism for Z axis, wherein an AC servomotor (21) is coupled to precision ball screw (11) by

coupling (13). It is the direct drive to ball screw which results higher rapid travel for Z axis.
Figure 5 (b) illustrate schematically the drive chain mechanism for X axis, wherein an AC servomotor(2') is coupled to precision ball screw(11) by coupling(23). It is the direct drive to ball screw which results higher rapid travel for X axis.
Figure 6 illustrates schematically the Table speed block diagram. It shows the A.C. spindle motor (2"), flat belt drive (22), gear rim (24), pinion (25). The rotary movement to work piece is achieved by servomotor, flat belt and pulley mechanism. Preferably, the driving mechanism for transferring power from motor to spindle assembly includes a first driven pulley is mounted to said motor a second driven pulley mounted to the spindle assembly. Preferably, an encoder and a timing belt are provided, the timing belt being located between the encoder and the spindle assembly. More preferably, the driving assembly includes a first timing pulley mounted to the encoder and a second driven pulley mounted to the spindle assembly and a flat belt extending between the pulleys.
As the vertical turning machine is dedicated to the manufacture of a limited number of parts, with a limited number of tooling changes, the machine preferably includes a turret. The Tool turret significantly reduces vibration and chatter in the machine and allows the cutting assembly to be secured to the frame in a more stable manner.
Appropriate control of the motors, as can be accomplished through known control systems, permits the cutting tool to be guided along the desired path relative to the workpiece being turned by the spindle assembly machine the workpiece to the desired shape.

The method for fabricating a turning machine for machine for machining material(s) from a stock according to the present invention, includes designing at least a base, mounting thereon and operatively connecting at least an electrical driving means, at least a rotating means and at least frame having a tooling means. The method further including designing and operatively connecting the frame and base such that adequate mass and structural rigidity are ensured.
The machine in accordance with the present invention achieves the function of machining material(s) at a faster rate with minimum vibration/chatter during its operation. Further, it has a very simplified construction with a minimal number of moving parts and assemblies. This further facilitates, availability of the machine at a substantially low price. Furthermore, the spindle assembly can be rotated at adequate speed due to the simplicity of the construction and hence the heated cheap fragments are easily removed. To be precise, the servo motor and direct drive assembly are adapted to rotate the spindle assembly about a vertical axis at a rate such that the heated chip fragments aviate off of a work piece being machined at a faster rate. This facilitates, removal of heat accumulation during the running of the machine by removal of the heated chip fragments and consequently, substantially reduces the requirement for application of coolants during running of the machine.
The technical advancement and economic significance as described herein before were hitherto unknown and not conceived by persons skilled in the art from a knowledge of existing knowledge.
The present invention has been described with referance to some drawings and preferred embodiments, purely for the sake of understanding and not by way of any limitation and the present invention includes all legitimate developments within the slope of what has been described herein before and claimed in the appended claims.

We claim
1. A turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock including at least a base, having at least an electrical driving means, at least a rotating means for rotating said material(s) and at least a supporting means for holding a tooling means mounted thereon, said base and said supporting means being operatively connected and designed with adequate mass and structural rigidity, whereby substantial reduction in harmonics and vibrations is achieved.
2. The turning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical driving means is an A.C. Servo motor ,said rotating means is a spindle assembly and said supporting means is a frame.
3The turning machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said tooling means include a cutting assembly with or without turret having a variety of cutting tools.
4. The turning machine as claimed in claim 2 to 3, wherein there is provided a driving assembly for transferring power from said motor to spindle assembly, said driving assembly having a first driven pulley mounted to said motor and a second driven pulley mounted to said spindle assembly.
5. The turning machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein there is provided an encoder and a timing belt, said timing belt being located between said encoder and said spindle assembly.
6. The turning machine as claimed in claims 4 and 5 wherein said driving assembly includes a first driven pulley mounted to said encoder and a second driven pulley mounted to said spindle assembly and a flat belt extending between the pulleys.

7. The turning machine as claimed in any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said frame is
a vertically extending frame to which said cutter assembly is slidably mounted.
8. The turning machine as claimed in claims 2 to 7, wherein said cutting
assembly is counter balanced by a suitable weight.
9.The turning machine as claimed in any preceding claim wherein there is mounted thereon an indexable tool holder store having a plurality of tool holders to manufacture limited number of parts.
10. The turning machine as claimed in claim 2 to 9, wherein said spindle assembly is adapted to be rotated at adequate speed whereby heated chip fragments are caused to be removed.
11.The turning machine as claimed in claims 2 to 10, wherein a chuck assembly is located on top of said spindle assembly on two preloaded angular contact ball bearing, and double row cylindrical roller bearing, the entire unit being mounted on a table base and a column is mounted at the rear and top of said table base.
12. The turning machine as claimed in claim 11, wherein a hydraulic power pack is applied to actuate the jaws of said chuck through a hydraulic cylinder.
13. The turning machine as claimed in claims 10 to 12, wherein a chip conveyer is designed to carry chips.
14. The turning machine as claimed in claim 13, wherein a coolant tank is mounted on said table base of said machine.
15. The turning machine as claimed in claims 1 to 14, wherein there is provided a control panel mounted on right side of said column of said machine, and is provided with A.C. for cooling.

16.The turning machine as claimed in claim 15, wherein a swiveling pendent box is mounted on said column.
17. The turning machine as claimed in claims 2 to 16, wherein a drive chain mechanism is provided for each X and Z- axis of said machine, said mechanism comprising an A.C. servo motor coupled to a precision ball screw by coupling in each said axis.
18. The turning machine as claimed in claims 11 to 17, wherein said column is a thermo symmetrical fabricated structure and there is provided a special structure injected between said table base and said column.
19. The turning machine as claimed in claim 18, wherein said column carries a cross rail, said cross rail carries a cross rail slide and said cross rail slide is balanced by means of a hydraulic cylinder and a balancing weight.
20. The turning machine as claimed in claim19, wherein rod of said hydraulic cylinder is connected to said cross rail through floating joint mounted on said column, said balancing weight being adapted to move in the cavity of said column.
21 .A turning machine for machining work piece from a stock including a base; a spindle assembly for holding and turning a work piece; a motor; a direct drive assembly for transferring power from the motor to the spindle assembly; and a cutting assembly; the base being of sufficient mass and area to provide a damping force that facilitates reducing vibrations and harmonics generated by the machine, the motor and direct drive assembly being adapted to rotate the spindle assembly about a vertical axis at a rate wherein chip fragments aviate off of a work piece being machined, such that heat generated by a tooling process is removed by fragments which have absorbed the heat.

22.The turning machine as claimed in claim 21, wherein said machine is a vertical turning machine having at least a turret dedicated to the manufacture of a limited number of parts.
23.A method for fabricating a turning machine for machining material(s) from a stock, including designing at least a base, mounting thereon and operatively connecting at least an electrical driving means, at least a rotating means and at least a frame having a tooling means, said method further including designing and operatively connecting said frame and base, such that adequate mass and structural rigidity are ensured.