DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof. The present invention further relates to process of preparing said composition along with at least one inactive excipients and formulation thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Combination of insecticides are used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect, to improve the pest control with synergistc effect, reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, to broaden the spectrum of control, i.e. chewing and sucking insects at a time, decrease chances of development and management of resistance and to enhance residual control so lesser the number of sprays for crop protections and minimizing the pesticidal load in ecosystem. The combination of insecticides at times demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect that results in an improved control on the pests.

Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture
and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which
ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.

There are many combinations of insecticide known in the art for the control of insect - pests. WO2005070210 relates to an an insecticidal composition comprising a pyrethroid and a second insecticide selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, nithiazine, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, clothianidin and chlorfenapyr, with significantly improved knockdown and mortality characteristics when applied to general household pests.

WO2005096820 relates to to liquid termiticide compositions comprising a pyrethroid and a neonicotinoid selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, nithiazine, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and clothianadin, these compositions result in an increase in termite mortality at low application rates and a continuous chemical barrier of a termiticide in soil surrounding and beneath a structure in a locus where termites are suspected or known to exist.

WO2006052876 relates to an insecticidal composition suitable for use in preparation of insecticidal granular fertilizer and insecticidal formulations comprising a) a pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of bifenthrin, zeta-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, tralomethrin, cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin; and b) a glycol selected from the group consisting of hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Methylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerine present in a concentration of from 40.0% by weight to 99.0% by weight based upon the total weight of all components in the composition.

There is however a need for improvement of these combinations. Single active combinations used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of actives that decreases chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of disease and pest control. Objects of the invention.

Further there is a need to prepare a synergistic insecticidal composition effectively controls insect pest sucha as pests (thrip & aphid) and arval pests (fruit borer) in a sinlge application and effectively controls the dose.

However still there is a need for a composition comprises an insecticidal composition which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process.
Further there is a need for a composition comprises active ingredients have an excellent environmental profile, are essentially non-toxic or minimal toxic to mammals and other vertebrates, and have exhibited low toxicity towards most non-target invertebrates, including beneficial insects and bees. Composition should either show no resistance or cross-resistance development or delay resistance.

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides for the control of sucking pests (thrip & aphid) and the larval pests (fruit borer). Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling insect pests.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides that promote plant health.
Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.

Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic
insecticidal composition comprsing bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof as described herein which can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition for pest control comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof.
More particularly an aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof.
As per one embodiment formulation for the present insecticidal composition is selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW); and and one or more customary formulation adjuvants such as a) dispersant b) wetting agent c) anti-foaming agent d) biocides e) anti-freezing agent f) suspending agent g) thickener h) coating agent and i) buffering agent.
Further aspect of the present invention provides preferred formulation more particularly selected for present insecticidal composition are Zeon Concentrate formulation {Mixed formulation of CS (Capsule suspension) and SC (Suspension concentrate)}; Suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate) (SC); Suspo-emulsion (SE); Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG); Oil dispersion (OD) formulation.
Accordingly, in an another aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof shows synergistic activity.
Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising an insecticidal composition defined in the first aspect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active
agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their
individual effects.
"Bioactive amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied treatment of crops, is sufficient to effect such treatment.
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof.
More particular aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof.
The present invention provides formulation for the aforesaid composition and method of preparation thereof.
Deltamethrin:
Deltamethrin is an insecticide belonging to the pyrethroid family. Pyrethroids are the man-made versions of pyrethrins, natural insecticides from chrysanthemum flowers. Deltamethrin is used outdoors on lawns, ornamental gardens, golf courses, and indoors as a spot or crack and crevice treatment. In its purest form, deltamethrin is colorless or white to light beige crystals that have no odor.
Deltamethrin is a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester with IUPAC name as [(S)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate with chemical structure depicted in Formula I.

Deltamethrin prevents transmission of nervous impulses in insects thereby disrupting their nervous system.
Dinotefuran:
Dinotefuran is a new furanicotinyl insecticide which represents the third generation of neonicotinoid group. Dinotefuran binds irreversibly to insect nicotinic receptors and mimics the effects of acetylcholine, resulting in continuous nerve stimulation, incoordination, tremors, and death of the insect.
Dinotefuran is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid classwith IUPAC name as 2-methyl-1-nitro-3-[(tetrahydro-3-furanyl) methyl] guanidine with chemical structure depicted in Formula II.

Dinotefuran acts through contact and ingestion and results in the cessation of feeding within several hours of contact and death shortly after. Dinotefuran does not inhibit cholinesterase or interfere with sodium channels. Therefore, its mode of action is different from those of organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid compounds. It appears that Dinotefuran acts as an agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but it is postulated that Dinotefuran affects the nicotinic acetylcholine binding in a mode that differs from other neonicotinoid insecticides. It is reported that Dinotefuran was highly active on a certain silverleaf whitefly strain which developed resistance against imidacloprid.
Dinetofuran mainly controls sucking pests (thrip & aphid) and Deltamethrin mainly controls the larval pests (fruit borer). Dinetofuran individually controls thrip & aphid and very less control over the larval pests (fruit borer). On the other hand Deltamethrin also found to be comparatively lesser effective against larval pests (fruit borer).
Therefore as apect of the present invention is combination of Dinetofuran and Deltamethrin in very specific amount with selective formulations for complete control over sucking pests (thrip & aphid) as well as larval (fruit borer) and caterpillar pest pests in order to protect plants and fruits from damage with use of single product.
The further aspect of the present insecticidal composition is to provide formulated compositon to be effective insect pest complex management at a very lesser dose per hectare. Further the present application requires lesser number of sprays to be applied as compared to individual product application. Thus, it eventually reduces the does as well as labour charges for application would be reduced and also the environmental pollution would be reduced. Exposure to spray solution by the spray operator is minimized.
Furter aspect of the present invention is as the active componets component Dinetofuran and Deltamethrin of present composition having different site and mode of action leads to minimal chance of resistance or cross-resistance in the insect pest complex.
The present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention surprisingly results in a synergistic action. The combinations of the present invention allow for a broad spectrum of pest control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield. The broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
The synergistic composition of pesticide are used to protect the crops and plants from insect and insect-pests. The lists of the major crops includes genetically modified varieties or hybrid varieties or conventional varieties of Paddy Oryza sativa, Cotton Gossypium spp., Wheat Triticum aestavum, Maize Zea mays, Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum, Soybean Glycin max, Peanut Arachis hypogaea, Sunflower Helianthus annuus, Mustard Brassica juncea, Green gram Vigna radiate, Black gram Vigna mungo, Chickpea Cicer aritinum, Cowpea Vigna unguiculata, Redgram Cajanus cajan, Brinjal Solanum melongena, Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, Okra Abelmoschus esculentus, Onion Allium cepa L., Tomato Solanum lycopersicun, Potato Solanum tuberosum, Chilly Capsicum annum, Cucumber Cucumis sativus and Melons Cucumis melo, Apple Melus domestica, Banana Musa spp., Citrus groups Citrus spp., Grape Vitis vinifera, Mango Mangifera indica, Papaya Carica papaya, Pomegranate Punica granatum, Tea Camellia sinensis, Coffea Coffea arabica, Cumin Cuminum cyminum etc.
Further the said novel composition can be applied on corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, beet rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, etc.
The said novel composition can be applied on the vegetables and vegetables crops but not limited to solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, C hinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as P erilla frutescens, mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: , pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, P runus mume, cherry fruit, apricot prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit olive, plum, banana, coffee, i¾ date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, J udas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, J apanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.
The composition according to the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
The synergistic combination of the present invention used to control the insects-pests belongs to the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Chilo auricilius, Chilo infuscatellus, Chilo partellus, Chilo sacchariphagus, Chilo suppressalis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diatraea saccharalis, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Earias vittella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Emmalocera depressella, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou-liana, Exelastis atomosa, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa virescens, Helicoverpa zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Laphygma exigua, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocol-letis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Marasmia pantalis, Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, Mythimna separata, Orgyia pseu-dotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frus-trana, Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza novella, Tuta absoluta and Zeiraphera Canadensis.
The synergistic combination of the present invention used to control the insects-pests belongs to beetles (Coleoptera), for example Adoretus bicolor, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Anomala benghalensis, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Chiloloba acuta, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lepidiota stigma, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Maladera indica, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus gran aria.
Furher to control flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gaster-ophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Melanagromyza obtuse, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Ophiomyia phaseli, Opomyza florum, Orseolia oryzae, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phor-bia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psoro-phora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sar-cophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula ol-eracea, and Tipula paludosa.
Thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci.
Termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis.
Cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, Penplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica and Blatta orientalis.
True Bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aleurolobus barodensis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cavalerius sweeti, Cerosipha gossypii, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cicadulina spp., Clavigralla gibbosa, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Idioscopus spp. Leptoglossus phyllopus, Leptocorisa acuta, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nezara viridula, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Peregrinus maidis, Phorodon humuli, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp..
ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile.
Crickets, Grasshoppers, Locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina.
Arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodo-rus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetra-nychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panony-chus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxos-celes reclusa.
Fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus.
Silverfish, firebrat (Thysanura), e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica. Centipedes (Chilopoda), e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata. Millipedes (Diplopoda), e.g. Narceus spp. Earwigs (Dermaptera), e.g. forficula auricularia.
Lice (Phthiraptera), e.g. Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pthi-rus pubis, Haematopinus eurystemus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus,
Plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloi-dogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelen-choides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; ring ne-matodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, and Me-socriconema species; stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species, Rotylenchus robustus and other Roty-lenchus species; sheath nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolai-mus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species; false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other Radinaphelenchus species; burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniform nematodes, Rotylenchulus reniformis and other Rotylenchulus species; Scutellonema species; stubby root nematodes, Tri-chodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species; Paratrichodorus minor and other Paratrichodorus species; stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhyn-chus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; dagger nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other Xi-phinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species.
Formulation of the present invention can be in any of the formulations selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).
One or more of the active ingredients is encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.
Further an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof, which are bio active ingredient for the present composition are present in specific amount.
Further an insecticidal composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w; (B) an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w; with one or more customary formulation adjuvants and formulation thereof.
Compounds Compound A Compound B
Composition Deltamethrin Dinotefuron
Range 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w

The process for preparing the present synergistic compositoin can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of manufacturing the formulation. However all such variations and modifications are covered by the scope of the present invention.
The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises formulation excipients / inactive excipients including but not limited to dispersant or dispersing agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent or defoamer, wetting agent, anti-freezing agent, biocides, carrier as a diluent or continuous phase, emulsifying agent, suspending agent, encapsulating agents etc.
Examples of non polar solvent used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Hydrocarbon solvent such a an aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydro naphthalene, alkylated naphthalene or their derivatives, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point (such as kerosene, diesel oil, coal tar oils)); a vegetable oil such as corn oil, rapeseed oil; a fatty acid ester such as C1-C10-alkylester of a C10-C22-fatty acid; Solvent C9- solvent Naphtha.

Examples of Encapsulating polymer-1 used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethene-4,4’-diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate, PMPI, 2,4,4’-diphenyl ether tri-isocyanate, 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate and 4,4’4"-triphenylmethane tri-isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate or polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, polyurethane comprising of polyfunctional iso cyanate and a polyamine in polarized form.

Examples of Encapsulating polymer-2 used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Ammonia, hexamine, ethylenediamine, propylene-1,3-diamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetra ethylene pentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, 4,9-dioxadodecane-1, 12-diamine, 1,3- phenylenediamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine and 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, 1,3,6-triaminonaphthalene, 2,4,4'-triaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole and 1,4,5,8-tetraminoanthraquinone.

Examples of Emulsifiers used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkyl phenol ether phosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, Polyvinyl alcohol etc.
Examples of Anti-freezing agent used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, Glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), Glycerine, Urea, Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

Examples of wetting agent used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, Polyaryl phenyl ether phosphate, Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol, Alcohol Ethoxylate (Adsee 900), Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Octyl phenol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate.

Examples of dispersing agent used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Ethoxylated lignosulfonic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, oxidized lignins, lignin salts, salts of styrenemaleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, salts of partial esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, partial salts of polyacrylic acid and partial salts of polyacrylic acid terpolymers; Polymethyl methacrylate ( Atlox 4913); etc.

Examples of Antifoaming agent/defoamer used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, Silicone antifoam emulsion, Dimethyl siloxane, Poly dimethyl siloxane, Vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, poly alkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.

Examples of Biocide used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to 1,3 Isothiozolane (Proxel GXL).

Examples of Structuring agent/rheology modifier used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to Xanthan gum, Carboxy methyl cellulose, Attapulgite clay, Bentonite clay.
Examples of Filler used herein for Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation include but not limited to water, diluent water etc.
Examples of Wetting agents used herein for WG (Water-dispersible granules) formulation include but not limited to sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, mixture of isomers of dibutyl naphthalene sulphonic acid sodium salt, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium Lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulphosuccinates and non-ionic such as tridexyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl or alkaryl sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated alkyl or alkaryl carboxylates, alkyl or alkyaryl phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharide, di or mono alkyl sulfosuccinate derivatives, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates, butyl, dibutyl, isopropyl and diisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, C12 alkyl benzene sulfonate or C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonate;

Examples of Dispersing agents used herein for WG (Water-dispersible granules) formulation include but not limited to naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde, polyalcoxylated alkylphenol, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, methyl naphtaline-formaldehyde-condensate sodium salt, naphthalene condensates, lignosulfonates, polyacrylates and phosphate esters, calcium lignosulfonate, lignin sulfonate sodium salt, Sodium lingo sulphonate (Borresperse Na);

Examples of Suspending agent/ Co-dispersant used herein for WG (Water-dispersible granules) formulation include but not limited to Sodium salt of Napthalene formaldehyde condensate (Morwet D425).

Examples of Anti caking agent used herein for WG (Water-dispersible granules) formulation include but not limited to Silicon dioxide, precipitated silica.

Examples of Carrier used herein for WG (Water-dispersible granules) formulation include but not limited to china clay, silica, lactose anhydrous, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, corn starch, urea, EDTA, urea formaldehyde resin, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bole, loess, talc, chalk, dolomite, limestone, lime, calcium carbonate, powdered magnesia, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, gypsum, calcium sulphate, pyrophyllite, silicates and silica gels.

Examples of Wetting agents used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to Alcohol Ethoxylate (Adsee 900), ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.

Examples of Dispersing agent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid; Polymethyl methacrylate (Atlox 4913).

Examples of suspending agent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.

Examples of anti-foaming agent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane etc;

Examples of anti-freezing agent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc;

Examples of Biocide used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to 1,3 Isothiozolane (Proxel GXL).

Examples of Structuring agent/rheology modifier used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to Xanthan gum, Carboxy methyl cellulose, Attapulgite clay, Bentonite clay.

Examples of continuous phase used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation include but not limited to water.

Examples of Solvent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers; Water soluble alcohol or lower alcohol (1-4 carbon atoms) includes-methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol; Macromolecular alcohol includes polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol etc., dihydroxy alcohol ethers includes dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers; solvent Naphtha (Solvent C-9).

Examples of Emulsifier/emulsifying agent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkylphenoletherphosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, Polyvinyl alcohol etc.
Examples of anti-freezing agent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc;

Examples of wetting agent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol, Alcohol Ethoxylate (Adsee 900), Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Octyl phenol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate;

Examples of Dispersing agent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers, Polymethyl methacrylate (Atlox 4913).
Examples of anti-foaming agent used herein for Suspo-Emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified , poly dimethyl siloxane etc.

Examples of Wetting agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyldiphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate; Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts [ Terwet 1004].

Examples of Emulsifying agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, Castor oil ethoxylate (Emulsogen EL 360) etc.

Examples of Dispersing agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, polyalkylene glycol ether (Atlas G5000 L), etc.

Examples of Carrier or diluting agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to vegetable or plant or seed oil or its alkylated oil or alkylated oil of vegetable oil. The alkylated oil (alkylated vegetable oil) may be methylated or ethylated oil of the vegetable oil. Methylated oil in selected from methylated soyabean oil (methyl selate).

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.

ZEON CONCENTRATE FORMULATION (ZC):
Recipe:
Sr.
No. Raw Material Chemical name Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) Deltamethrin Active Ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 solvent Naphtha Solvent
3 PMPI Isocyanate Encapsulating polymer-1
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Polyvinylalcohol Emulsifier
5 Ethylenediamine Ethylenediamine Encapsulating polymer-2
6 Dinotefuron (97%) Dinotefuron Active Ingredient
7 Propylene glycol 1,2 Propane-diol Anti-freezing agent
8 Adsee 900 Alcohol Ethoxylate Wetting Agent
9 Atlox 4913 Polymethyl methacrylate Dispersing agent
10 Liquid defoamer Poly dimethyl siloxane Defoamer/anti foaming agent
11 Proxel GXL 1,3 Isothiozolane Biocide
12 Xanthum Gum Xanthum gum Rheology modifier/Structuring agent
13 Water Water Filler

EXAMPLE 1:
Deltamethrin 2.5 % + Dinotefuron 15 % ZC
Sr.No. Chemical name Function %w/w
1 Deltamthrin Active Ingredient 2.5
2 Solvent C-9 Solvent 2.5
3 PMPI Monomer 1.0
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Emulsifier 1.5
5 Ethylenediamine Monomer 0.5
6 Dinotefuron Active Ingredient 15.0
7 Propylene glycol Humactant 7.5
8 Adsee 900 Wetting Agent 2.0
9 Atlox 4913 Dispersing agent 5.0
10 Liquid defoamer Deforamer 0.5
11 Proxel GXL Biocide 0.1
12 Xanthum Gum Rheology modifier 0.2
13 Water Medium 61.7

Process of preparation of ZC formulation:
Formulation Process (Deltamethrin Capsule suspension)
Organic Phase
Step-1 In a vessel charge solvent C9
Step-2 To this mix Deltamethrin technical to dissolve
Step-3 To this add PMPI and mix to dissolve
Step-4 Start heating to get to a temperature of 60°C
Aqueous Phase
Step-5 In another vessel charge water
Step-6 Start heating to get to a temperature of 60°C
Step-7 Add Polyvinylaclohol and mix to dissolve
Step-8 Allow to pass the organic phase into aqueous under high speed mixing to get homogenised emulsion particles
Step-9 Add Ethylenediamine and mix well
Step-10 Cool this slurry and keep it aside for further process
Formulation Process (Dinotefuron Mill base)
Step-11 In another vessel charge water
Step-12 To this charge propylene glycol and start mixing
Step-13 Add Liquid defoamer and mix well
Step-14 Add Proxel Gxl and mix well
Step-15 Add Atlox 4913 and mix well
Step-16 Add Adsee 900 and mix well
Step-17 Add Dinotefuron technical and mix well
Step-18 Pass the slurry through beedmill to get a particle size of D90 less than 15 micron

Step-19 Keep the above milled slurry under stirring for further process
Preparation of ZC (Capsule suspension + Suspension concentrate)
Step-20 Mix both Capsule suspension phase and millbase phase to get ZC
Step-21 To this add previously hydrated xanthum gum and mix well

Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 2:
Deltamethrin 5.0% + Dinotefuron 5.0 % ZC
Sr.No. Chemical name Function %w/w
1 Deltamthrin Active Ingredient 5.0
2 Solvent C-9 Solvent 5.0
3 PMPI Monomer 0.5
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Emulsifier 1.5
5 Ethylenediamine Monomer 0.3
6 Dinotefuron Active Ingredient 5.0
7 Propylene glycol Humactant 7.5
8 Adsee 900 Wetting Agent 10.0
9 Atlox 4913 Dispersing agent 2.0
10 Liquid defoamer Deforamer 0.5
11 Proxel GXL Biocide 0.1
12 Xanthum Gum Rheology modifier 0.2
13 Water Medium 62.5

Process of preparation of ZC formulation: As per Example 1
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 3:
Deltamethrin 10.0% + Dinotefuron 1.0% ZC
Sr.No. Chemical name Function %w/w
1 Deltamthrin Active Ingredient 10.0
2 Solvent C-9 Solvent 10.0
3 PMPI Monomer 0.1
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Emulsifier 0.5
5 Ethylenediamine Monomer 0.1
6 Dinotefuron Active Ingredient 1.0
7 Propylene glycol Humactant 10.0
8 Adsee 900 Wetting Agent 12.0
9 Atlox 4913 Dispersing agent 1.0
10 Liquid defoamer Deforamer 0.5
11 Proxel GXL Biocide 0.1
12 Xanthum Gum Rheology modifier 0.2
13 Water Medium 54.5

Process of preparation of ZC formulation: As per Example 1
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 4:
Deltamethrin 15.0% + Dinotefuron 0.5% ZC
Sr.No. Chemical name Function %w/w
1 Deltamthrin Active Ingredient 15.0
2 Solvent C-9 Solvent 15.0
3 PMPI Monomer 1.5
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Emulsifier 0.5
5 Ethylenediamine Monomer 0.8
6 Dinotefuron Active Ingredient 0.5
7 Propylene glycol Humactant 7.5
8 Adsee 900 Wetting Agent 7.5
9 Atlox 4913 Dispersing agent 5.0
10 Liquid defoamer Deforamer 0.5
11 Proxel GXL Biocide 0.1
12 Xanthum Gum Rheology modifier 0.2
13 Water Medium 45.9

Process of preparation of ZC formulation: As per Example 1
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 5:
Deltamethrin 15.0% + Dinotefuron 0.5% ZC
Sr.No. Chemical name Function %w/w
1 Deltamthrin Active Ingredient 0.5
2 Solvent C-9 Solvent 1.0
3 PMPI Monomer 2.0
4 Polyvinlyalcohol Emulsifier 0.1
5 Ethylenediamine Monomer 1.0
6 Dinotefuron Active Ingredient 20.0
7 Propylene glycol Humactant 5.0
8 Adsee 900 Wetting Agent 7.5
9 Atlox 4913 Dispersing agent 10.0
10 Liquid defoamer Deforamer 0.5
11 Proxel GXL Biocide 0.1
12 Xanthum Gum Rheology modifier 0.2
13 Water Medium 52.1

Process of preparation of ZC formulation: As per Example 1
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 1-EXAMPLE 10:

Sr.
No.

Raw Material Example 01 Example 02 Example 03 Example 04 Example 05 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 2.5 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.5 0.5 - 15.0 Active ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 2.5 5.0 10.0 15.0 1.0 1.0 - 15.0 Non polar solvent
3 PMPI 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 2.0 0.1 - 2.5 Encpsulating Polymer-01
4 Polyvinlyalcohol 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 - 5.0 Emusifing agent
5 Ethylene diamine 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.1 - 1.0 Encpsulating Polymer-02
6 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 20.0 0.5 - 30.0 Active ingredient
7 Propylene glycol 7.5 7.5 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.0 - 10.0 Antifreeze
8 Adsee 900 2.0 10.0 12.0 7.5 7.5 2.0 - 12.0 Wetting agent
9 Atlox 4913 5.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 10.0 1.0 - 10.0 Dispersing agent
10 Liquid defoamer 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2-1.0 Defoamer
11 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05-0.2 Biocide
12 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Structuring agent
13 Water 61.7 62.5 54.5 45.9 52.1 41.4 - 62.5 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sr.
No.
Raw Material Example 06 Example 07 Example 08 Example 09 Example 10 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 1.0 7.5 2.5 1.5 5.0 0.5 - 15.0 Active ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 3.0 10.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 1.0 - 15.0 Non polar solvent
3 PMPI 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 - 2.5 Encpsulating Polymer-01
4 Polyvinlyalcohol 0.1 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 0.1 - 5.0 Emusifing agent
5 Ethylenediamine 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 - 1.0 Encpsulating Polymer-02
6 Dinotefuron (97%) 25.0 17.5 22.5 30.0 27.5 0.5 - 30.0 Active ingredient
7 Propylene glycol 2.0 5.0 10.0 2.0 7.5 2.0 - 10.0 Antifreeze
8 Adsee 900 10.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 - 12.0 Wetting agent
9 Atlox 4913 8.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 - 10.0 Dispersing agent
10 Liquid defoamer 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Defoamer
11 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Biocide
12 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Structuring agent
13 Water 46.3 46.4 51.7 47.7 41.4 41.4 - 62.5 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (SC) FORMULATION:
Recipe:
Sr.No. Raw Material Chemical name Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) Deltamethrin Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) Dinotefuron Active Ingredient
3 Propylene glycol 1,2 propane-diol Humactant
4 Adsee 900 Alcohol Ethoxylate Wetting Agent
5 Atlox 4913 Polymethyl methacrylate Dispersing agent
6 Liquid defoamer Poly dimethyl siloxane Deforamer/ Anti foaming agent
7 Proxel GXL 1,3 Isothiozolane Biocide
8 Xanthum Gum Xanthum gum Rheology modifier
9 Water Water Medium

EXAMPLE 11:
Deltamethrin 0.5% + Dinotefuron 50% SC
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 0.5
2 Dinotefuron 50.0
3 Propylene glycol 3.0
4 Adsee 900 5.0
5 Atlox 4913 10.0
6 Liquid defoamer 0.5
7 Proxel GXL 0.1
8 Xanthum Gum 0.2
9 Water 30.7

Process of preparation:
Step-1 In a vessel charge water
Step-2 To this charge propylene glycol and start mixing
Step-3 Add Liquid defoamer and mix well
Step-4 Add Proxel Gxl and mix well
Step-5 Add Atlox 4913 and mix well
Step-6 Add Adsee 900 and mix well
Step-7 Add Dinotefuron technical and mix well
Step-8 Add Deltamethrin technical and mix well
Step-9 Pass the slurry through beedmill to get a particle size of D90 less than 15 micron
Step-10 To this milled slurry add previously hydrated xanthum gum
Step-11 Mix well to get a homogenised suspension concentrate

Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 12:
Deltamethrin 1.0% + Dinotefuron 40% SC
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 1.0
2 Dinotefuron 40.0
3 Propyene glycol 3.0
4 Adsee 900 5.0
5 Atlox 4913 10.0
6 Liquid defoamer 0.5
7 Proxel GXL 0.1
8 Xanthum Gum 0.2
9 Water 40.2

Process of preparation: As per Example 11
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 13:
Deltamethrin 1.5% + Dinotefuron 30% SC
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 1.5
2 Dinotefuron 30.0
3 Propyene glycol 5.0
4 Adsee 900 10.0
5 Atlox 4913 2.0
6 Liquid defoamer 0.5
7 Proxel GXL 0.1
8 Xanthum Gum 0.2
9 Water 50.7

Process of preparation: As per Example 11
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 14:
Deltamethrin 2.0% + Dinotefuron 20% SC
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 2.0
2 Dinotefuron 20.0
3 Propyene glycol 5.0
4 Adsee 900 10.0
5 Atlox 4913 2.0
6 Liquid defoamer 2.0
7 Proxel GXL 0.1
8 Xanthum Gum 0.2
9 Water 58.7

Process of preparation: As per Example 11
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 15:
Deltamethrin 2.5% + Dinotefuron 15% SC
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 2.5
2 Dinotefuron 15.0
3 Propyene glycol 7.5
4 Adsee 900 2.0
5 Atlox 4913 7.5
6 Liquid defoamer 0.5
7 Proxel GXL 0.1
8 Xanthum Gum 0.2
9 Water 64.7

Process of preparation: As per Example 11
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 11-EXAMPLE 20:

Sr. No. Raw Material Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.5 - 25.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 15.0 0.5 - 50.0 Active Ingredient
3 Propylene glycol 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 3.0 - 15.0 Antifreeze
3 Adsee 900 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 - 20.0 Wetting Agent
4 Atlox 4913 10.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 7.5 2.0 - 10.0 Dispersing Agent
5 Liquid defoamer 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 - 2.5 Defoamer
6 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 to 0.5 Biocide
7 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.05-0.20 Structuring agent
8 Water 30.7 40.2 50.7 58.7 64.7 30.7 - 67.2 Continous phase
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sr. No. Raw Material Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 Example 19 Example 20 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 3.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 0.5 - 25.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 10.0 15.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 - 50.0 Active Ingredient
3 Propylene glycol 7.5 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 3.0 - 15.0 Antifreeze
3 Adsee 900 2.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 2.0 - 20.0 Wetting Agent
4 Atlox 4913 7.5 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 10.0 Dispersing Agent
5 Liquid defoamer 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 2.5 Defoamer
6 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Biocide
7 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Structuring agent
8 Water 67.2 49.2 58.7 41.2 36.2 30.7 - 67.2 Continous phase
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES (WG) FORMULATION:
EXAMPLE 21:
Deltamethrin 2.5 % + Dinotefuron 15 % WG
Recipe:
Sr.No. Raw Material Chemical name Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) Deltamethrin Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) Dinotefuron Active Ingredient
3 Supragil WP Sodium Isopropyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Wetting Agent
4 Borresperse Na Sodium lingo sulphonate Dispersing agent
5 Morwet D425 Sodium salt of Napthalene formaldehyde condensate Suspending agent/
Co-dispersant
6 Precipitated silica Silicon dioxide Anti caking agent
7 China clay China clay Carrier

EXAMPLE 21:
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 2.5
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0
3 Supragil WP 2.0
4 Borresperse Na 10.0
5 Morwet D425 8.0
6 Precipitated silica 2.0
7 China clay 60.5

Process of preparation:
Step-1 In a Ribbon blender charge china clay and mix precipitated silica into it.
Step-2 To this add Borresperse Na and mix well
Step-3 Add Morwet D425 and mix well
Step-4 Add Supragil WP and mix well
Step-5 Add Dinotefuron technical and mix well
Step-6 Add Deltamethrin technical and mix well
Step-7 Pass this pre-mixed powder through air-jet mill to get a particle size of D90 less than 15 micron
Step-8 Collect this milled material into a planetory mixer and start preparation of dough by adding water to it.
Step-9 Pass this dough through basket extruder to get wet granules
Step-10 Dry these granules in a fluidized bed dryer
Step-11 Sieve these granules to separate dusts and pack in suitable container
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 22:
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 0.5
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 40.0
3 Supragil WP 2.0
4 Borresperse Na 5.0
5 Morwet D425 15.0
6 Precipitated silica 2.0
7 China clay 35.5

Process of preparation: As per Example 21
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 23:
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 5.0
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 30.0
3 Supragil WP 1.0
4 Borresperse Na 15.0
5 Morwet D425 5.0
6 Precipitated silica 1.0
7 China clay 43.0

Process of preparation: As per Example 21
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 24:
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 7.5
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 25.0
3 Supragil WP 1.0
4 Borresperse Na 12.0
5 Morwet D425 8.0
6 Precipitated silica 1.0
7 China clay 45.5

Process of preparation: As per Example 21
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 25:
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 10.0
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0
3 Supragil WP 3.0
4 Borresperse Na 7.5
5 Morwet D425 12.0
6 Precipitated silica 0.5
7 China clay 52.0

Process of preparation: As per Example 21
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 21-EXAMPLE 30:
Sr. No. Raw Material Example 21 Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 Example 25 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 2.5 0.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0.5 - 40.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0 40.0 30.0 25.0 15.0 0.5 - 40.0 Active Ingredient
3 Supragil WP 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 - 7.5 Wetting Agent
3 Borresperse Na 10.0 5.0 15.0 12.0 7.5 5.0 - 15.0 Dispersing Agent
4 Morwet D425 8.0 15.0 5.0 8.0 12.0 1.0 - 15.0 Co-dispersant/
Suspending agent
5 Precipitated silica 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 - 2.0 Anti caking agent
6 China clay 60.5 35.5 43.0 45.5 52.0 26.5 - 60.5 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sr. No. Raw Material Example 26 Example 27 Example 28 Example 29 Example 30 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 15.0 17.5 25.0 35.0 40.0 0.5 - 40.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0 10.0 25.0 5.0 0.5 0.5 - 40.0 Active Ingredient
3 Supragil WP 3.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 7.5 1.0 - 7.5 Wetting Agent
3 Borresperse Na 10.0 15.0 7.5 5.0 10.0 5.0 - 15.0 Dispersing Agent
4 Morwet D425 7.0 3.0 10.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 - 15.0 Co-dispersant
5 Precipitated silica 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 - 2.0 Anti caking agent
6 China clay 49.5 48.5 26.5 43.5 39.0 26.5 - 60.5 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SUSPO-EMULSION (SE) FORMULATION
Recipe:
S.No. Raw Material Chemical name Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) Deltamethrin Active Ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 solvent Naphtha Solvent
3 Polyvinlyalcohol Polyvinylalcohol Emulsifier
4 Dinotefuron (97%) Dinotefuron Active Ingredient
5 Propylene glycol 1,2 Propane-diol Humactant/
Anti-Freezing agent
6 Adsee 900 Alcohol Ethoxylate Wetting Agent
7 Atlox 4913 Polymethyl methacrylate Dispersing agent
8 Liquid defoamer Poly dimethyl siloxane Deforamer
9 Proxel GXL 1,3 Isothiozolane Biocide
10 Xanthum Gum Xanthum gum Rheology modifier
11 Water Water Medium

EXAMPLE 31:
Deltamethrin 2.5 % + Dinotefuron 15 % SE
Sr. No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 2.5
2 Solvent C-9 2.5
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 1.5
4 Dinotefuron 15.0
5 Propylene glycol 7.5
6 Adsee 900 2.0
7 Atlox 4913 8.0
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5
9 Proxel GXL 0.1
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2
11 Water 60.2

Process of preparation:
Formulation Process
Organic Phase
Step-1 In a vessel charge solvent C9
Step-2 To this mix Deltamethrin technical to dissolve
Aqueous Phase
Step-3 In another vessel charge water
Step-4 To this charge propylene glycol and start mixing
Step-5 Add Liquid defoamer and mix well
Step-6 Add Proxel Gxl and mix well
Step-7 Add Atlox 4913 and mix well
Step-8 Add Adsee 900 and mix well
Step-9 Add Dinotefuron technical and mix well
Step-10 Pass the slurry through beedmill to get a particle size of D90 less than 15 micron
Step-11 Keep the above milled slurry under stirring and add the organic phase
Step-12 To this milled slurry add previously hydrated xanthum gum
Step-13 Mix well to get a homogenised suspo-emulsion
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 32:
Deltamethrin 5 % + Dinotefuron 5 % SE
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 5.0
2 Solvent C-9 5.0
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 1.5
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 5.0
5 Propylene glycol 10.0
6 Adsee 900 5.0
7 Atlox 4913 7.5
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5
9 Proxel GXL 0.1
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2
11 Water 60.2

Process of preparation: As per Example 31
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 33:
Deltamethrin 10 % + Dinotefuron 1 % SE
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 10.0
2 Solvent C-9 10.0
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 0.5
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 1.0
5 Propylene glycol 2.0
6 Adsee 900 10.0
7 Atlox 4913 10.0
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5
9 Proxel GXL 0.1
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2
11 Water 55.7

Process of preparation: As per Example 31
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 34:
Deltamethrin 15 % + Dinotefuron 0.5 % SE
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 15.0
2 Solvent C-9 15.0
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 0.5
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 0.5
5 Propylene glycol 2.0
6 Adsee 900 15.0
7 Atlox 4913 7.5
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5
9 Proxel GXL 0.1
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2
11 Water 43.7

Process of preparation: As per Example 31
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 35:
Deltamethrin 0.5 % + Dinotefuron 20 % SE
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 0.5
2 Solvent C-9 1.0
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 0.1
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 20.0
5 Propylene glycol 15.0
6 Adsee 900 7.5
7 Atlox 4913 0.5
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5
9 Proxel GXL 0.1
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2
11 Water 54.6

Process of preparation: As per Example 31
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 31-EXAMPLE 40:

Sr.
No.
Raw Material Example 31 Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Range Function
1 Deltamethrin (97%) 2.5 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.5 0.5 - 15.0 Active ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 2.5 5.0 10.0 15.0 1.0 1.0 - 15.0 Non polar solvent
3 Polyvinly alcohol 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 - 5.0 Emusifing agent
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 20.0 0.5 - 30.0 Active ingredient
5 Propylene glycol 7.5 10.0 2.0 2.0 15.0 2.0 - 15.0 Antifreeze
6 Adsee 900 2.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 7.5 2.0 - 15.0 Wetting agent
7 Atlox 4913 8.0 7.5 10.0 7.5 0.5 0.5 - 10.0 Dispersant
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Defoamer
9 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Biocide
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Structuring agent
11 Water 60.2 60.2 55.7 43.7 54.6 39.2 - 60.2 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sr.
No.

Raw Material Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example 40 Range Function
1 Deltamethrin (97%) 1.0 7.5 2.5 1.5 5.0 0.5 - 15.0 Active ingredient
2 Solvent C-9 3.0 10.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 1.0 - 15.0 Non polar solvent
3 Polyvinlyalcohol 0.1 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 0.1 - 5.0 Emusifing agent
4 Dinotefuron (97%) 25.0 17.5 22.5 30.0 27.5 0.5 - 30.0 Active ingredient
5 Propylene glycol 15.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 7.5 2.0 - 15.0 Antifreeze
6 Adsee 900 5.0 10.0 7.5 3.0 5.0 2.0 - 15.0 Wetting agent
7 Atlox 4913 1.0 5.0 10.0 2.0 2.5 0.5 - 10.0 Dispersant
8 Liquid defoamer 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Defoamer
9 Proxel GXL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Biocide
10 Xanthum Gum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Structuring agent
11 Water 49.1 41.7 46.2 42.7 39.2 39.2 - 60.2 Filler
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

OIL DISPERSION (OD) FORMULATION:
Recipe:
Sr.No. Raw Material Chemical name Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) Deltamethrin Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) Dinotefuron Active Ingredient
3 Emulsogen EL 360 Castor oil ethoxylate Emulsifier
4 Atlas G5000 L polyalkylene glycol ether Aqueous dispersant
5 Terwet 1004 Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts Wetting Agent
6 Methyl soyate Methylated soyabean oil Carrier

EXAMPLE 41:
Deltamethrin 2.5 % + Dinotefuron 15 % OD
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 2.5
2 Dinotefuron 15.0
3 Emulsogen EL 360 3.0
4 Atlas G5000 L 5.0
5 Terwet 1004 10.0
6 Methyl soyate 64.5

Process of preparation:
Formulation process
Step-1 In a vessel charge Methyl soyate oil
Step-2 Add Terwet 1004 and mix well
Step-3 Add Atlas G5000L and mix well
Step-4 Add Emulsogen EL 360 and mix well
Step-5 To the above slurry add Deltamethrin technical
Step-6 Add Dinotefuron technical and mix well
Step-7 Pass this slurry through beed mill to get particle size less than 15 micron
Step-8 Mix well this milled slurry to get homogenised oil dispersion.
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 42:
Deltamethrin 10 % + Dinotefuron 5 % OD
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 10.0
2 Dinotefuron 5.0
3 Emulsogen EL 360 3.0
4 Atlas G5000 L 5.0
5 Terwet 1004 10.0
6 Methyl soyate 67.0

Process of preparation: As per Example 41
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 43:
Deltamethrin 15 % + Dinotefuron 2.5 % OD
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 15.0
2 Dinotefuron 2.5
3 Emulsogen EL 360 5.0
4 Atlas G5000 L 3.0
5 Terwet 1004 5.0
6 Methyl soyate 69.5

Process of preparation: As per Example 41
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 44:
Deltamethrin 20 % + Dinotefuron 12.5 % OD
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 20.0
2 Dinotefuron 12.5
3 Emulsogen EL 360 5.0
4 Atlas G5000 L 3.0
5 Terwet 1004 5.0
6 Methyl soyate 54.5

Process of preparation: As per Example 41
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

EXAMPLE 45:
Deltamethrin 30 % + Dinotefuron 0.5 % OD
Sr.No. Raw Material %w/w
1 Deltamthrin 30.0
2 Dinotefuron 0.5
3 Emulsogen EL 360 7.5
4 Atlas G5000 L 2.0
5 Terwet 1004 7.5
6 Methyl soyate 52.5

Process of preparation: As per Example 41
Storage stability-
Storage stability study in laboratory and at room temperature shows that it complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
EXAMPLE 41-EXAMPLE 50:

Sr.
No.

Raw Material Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 2.5 10.0 15.0 20.0 30.0 0.5 - 30.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 15.0 5.0 2.5 12.5 0.5 0.5 - 30.0 Active Ingredient
3 Emulsogen EL 360 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 3.0 - 15.0 Non-ionic emulsifier
4 Atlas G5000 L 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.5 - 5.0 Polymeric Dispersant
5 Terwet 1004 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 7.5 2.0 - 10.0 Anionic emulsifier
6 Methyl soyate 64.5 67.0 69.5 54.5 52.5 50.0 - 69.5 Continuous phase

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sr.
No.

Raw Material Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 50 Range Function
1 Deltamthrin (97%) 5.0 12.5 17.5 22.5 0.5 0.5 - 30.0 Active Ingredient
2 Dinotefuron (97%) 17.5 15.0 7.5 10.0 30.0 0.5 - 30.0 Active Ingredient
3 Emulsogen EL 360
7.5 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 3.0 - 15.0 Non-ionic emulsifier
4 Atlas G5000 L 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 5.0 Polymeric Dispersant
5 Terwet 1004 7.5 10.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 10.0 Anionic emulsifier
6 Methyl soyate 60.5 51.5 54.0 50.0 52.0 50.0 - 69.5 Continuous phase

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES:
A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.

EXPERIMENT 1:
Field Bioefficacy of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC against gram pod bores (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner), thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) Infesting Chill
Introduction
Chilli (Capsicum annum Linnaeus) is one of the important condiments having immense commercial and therapeutic value. India contributes about one-fourth of world’s production of chillies. It is cultivated in almost all corners of India. Chilli fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner), thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood ) and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) are important pests of chilli in all over India causing about 50 to 90% yield loss. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a novel candidate combination product Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC, in controlling the pest complex of chilli, compared to conventional recommended insecticides. Dinotefuran a neonicotinoid group insecticide having systemic and translaminar activity with contact and contact action. It is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) receptor, thus effecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system.
Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid group non-systemic insecticide having contact and stomach action with fast acting activity. It acts on sodium channel modulation thus prevents sodium channel from functioning resulting in no transmission of nerve impulse.
ZC an advance formulation is a mixed formulation of CS (aqueous Capsule Suspension) and SC (Suspension Concentrate) which is safer to person handling the formulation concentrate, as compared to conventional formulations.
Experimental details:
Company Heranba Industries Limited (= HIL)
Location of experiment Farmer’s field: Mr. Siddappa R. Halguri; Post Madnal; Taluka Shahapur; District Yadgiri, Karnataka
Season Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2021-22
Year 2021 and 2021
Crop Chilli
Variety Pusa Jwala
Fertilizer application Basal: DAP + Urea; Top dressing: Urea
Date of transplanting 21.06.2021 01.10.2021
Date of spraying 20.07.2021, 03.08.’21, 18.08.’21 30.10.2021, 14.11.2021, 29.11.2021
Design Randomized Block Design
Treatment 10 (Ten). (Details given in the treatment Table)
Replications 3 (Three)
Plot size 5m x 3m = 15 sq.m.
Spacing Row to Row 60cm; Plant to Plant 45 cm
No. of plants/plot 48 plants. (8 rows and 6 plants per row)
Spraying technique Total three rounds of spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT with 500 litres of water with hand operated high volume Knapsak sprayer fitted with flat fan NMDS insecticide nozzle
Target species Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner), Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) and aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)
Sample size Select randomly 10 plants per plot, leaving the border plants, and tag them for observation before and after spraying.
Observation dates At PA= Pre-application & DAA = Days after application
Sucking pests-2021 20.07;27.07; 03.08;10.08;18.08;25.08-‘21 30.10;07.11;14.11;21.11,29.11,06.12-2021
Larval pests-2021 20.07; 03.08; 18.08; 02.09- 2021 30.10; 14.11; 29.11; 13.12- 2021
Crop safety- 2021 21.07; 23.07; 25.07;31.07- 2021 11.11; 13.11; 16.11; 21.11- 2021
Harvesting/Picking dates 02.09;12.09;23.09;03.10;14.10;24.10- ‘21 12.01; 22.10; 01.02; 11.02 & 21.02.2022
Official reported yield of Pusa Jwala variety 8 to 15 tonnes per hectare

Treatment details:
Trt.
No. Treatment Brand Name Dose g a.i./ha Form.
Dose (mL/ha)
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC Candidate product 17.5 100 Combination
Candidate product

2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC Candidate product 26.25 150
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC Candidate product 35.0 200
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC Decis 2.8% EC 11.2 400 Recommended
marketed products
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS Matador 4.9% CS 24.5 500
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG Actara 25% WG 50 200
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG Token 20% SG 30 150
8 Flonicamid 50% WG Ulala 50% WG 75 150
9 Quinalphos 25 EC Ekalux 25 EC 375 1500
10 Untreated control ----- ---- ---

Materials and methods
Thirty days old seedlings of chilli variety Pusa Jwala were transplanted in a RBD design plots of size 5m x 3m at a spacing of 60cm x 45cm during June 2021 and October 2021, in the farmer’s field in Madnal, Yadgiri. There were ten numbers of treatments including one untreated control, replicated three times. Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL was tried with the recommended marketed products, viz. Decis 2.8% EC, Matador 4.9% CS, Actara 25% WG, Token 20% SG, Ulala 50% WG and Ekalux 25% EC against gram caterpillar, thrips and aphid. Fertilizer was applied @ 120:80:60 kg :: N:P2O5:K2O/ha. Other agronomic practices were followed as per recommended package of practices of the state. Insecticides were applied with a high volume knapsak sprayer using 500 litres of spray solution per hectare at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting during Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2021. Ten plants in each plot were tagged for observation. Observation were recorded on the nymph and adult population of Chilli aphid and thrip before each application and 7th and 15th days after each spraying. Observation on chilli fruit borer was recorded before and 15 days after, each application. The population of nymph and adult thrips were counted and recorded from three leaves randomly selected from the upper most canopy of the 10 tagged plants. Similarly for counting population of nymph and adult aphids, six leaves from upper canopy were selected from each 10 tagged plant and recorded prior and 7th and 15th day of each application. Damaged chilli fruits by gram pod borer were counted, recorded and removed from the tagged plant before each application and 15 days of last application. The observation were recorded early in the morning. The two season pooled data (Kharif 2021 & Rabi 2021) on thirps, aphid and fruit borer were subjected to statistical comparison. Visual observation on natural enemies per plot were recorded.
Efficacy against Thrips
The data presented in table 1 showed that during Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2021 there was no significant difference in the population of thrips among different treatments before spraying, but at 7 DAS, significantly lower number of thrips 0.23 to 7.20 per three leave was observed in the pesticidal treatments, as compared to that of untreated check 18.11 per three leaves. There was no significant different among different doses of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL, but were significantly superior than all other recommended market samples treatments at their respective doses. At 15 DAS almost similar results seen, in which Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC at 35 g ai/ha has given significantly the best control with least no. of thrips, 0.04 followed by Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC at 26.25 0.14 when compared to other treatments
Efficacy against Aphids
The aphid population before initiate of the 1st spray ranged 8.89 to 11.25 /6 leaves (Table 2). This was reduced between 0.07 to 4.93 on day 7 after spay application. Plots sprayed with Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC at 26.25 and 35 g.a.i/ ha recorded significantly less aphid population as compare to all other recommended market sample treatments. All the three treatments of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL gave effective protection to Chilli from ahids up to 14 days after spray.
Efficacy against gram pod borer
Chilli fruit damage in all the plots of the trial before spray application, has no significantly difference. At 15 DAS the fruit damage was minimal in all the treatments of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL and were significantly superior than other chemical treatments. Least fruit damage was recorded in the treatment of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC at 35 g ai/ha followed by Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC @ 26.25 and 17.50 g ai per hectare.
Yield
Six picking done at an interval of 10 days. All the treatments of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC showed higher yield as compared to other treatments, including untreated control. Treatment 3, Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC @ 35 g ai / ha recorded highest yield of 100 kg/45m2, that is 13.33 tonnes per hectare. (Table 4).
Effect on natural enemies
The lady bird beetle and spider were associated with Chilli crop eco-system at each level of application. It was observed that all the doses of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL were quit safe and at par with untreated check. (Table. 5)
Crop Safety
None of the treatments showed any phytotoxic effects on chilli at the tested doses (Table 6).
Table 1. Effect of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC on thrips population on chilli variety pusa jwala (Pooled data Kharif, 2021 and Rabi, 2021-22).
Sl.
No. Treatment Dose
(g a.i./
ha) Mean Thrips population /3 upper canopy leaves at
PA 7 DAA 15 DAA
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 10.44
(3.30) 0.81
(1.4) 0.78
(0.79)
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 10.22
(3.26) 0.67
(1.05) 0.14
(0.09)
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 9.11
(3.10) 0.23
(0.98) 0.04
(0.05)
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 10.22
(3.26) 7.20
(2.61) 4.44
(2.22)
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 9.00
(3.08) 4.56
(2.25) 3.76
(2.05)
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 9.56
(3.16) 5.00
(2.34) 3.06
(2.98)
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 10.36
(3.28) 5.56
(2.36) 1.67
(1.45)
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 11.12
(3.42) 5.00
(2.34) 2.11
(1.60)
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 9.16
(3.11) 6.21
(2.52) 9.06
(3.09)
10 Untreated control ---- 11.11
(3.41) 18.11
(4.93) 20.78
(5.50)
SE (m) ± 0.11 0.23 0.10
CD (0.05) NS 0.69 0.29

PA- Pre application, DAA-Days after application
Figures in parenthesis are transformed values
* Mean data of two years and three observations per application each year
Table 2. Effect of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC on aphid population on chilli variety pusa jwala (Pooled data Kharif, 2021 and Rabi 2021-22).
Sl.
No. Treatment Dose
(g a.i./ha) Mean Aphid population /6 upper canopy leaves at
PA 7 DAA 15 DAA
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 10.53
(3.32) 0.43
(0.96) 0.53
(1.01)
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 10.20
(3.27) 0.20
(0.82) 0.17
(0.94)
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 9.67
(3.19) 0.07
(0.75) 0.07
(0.75)
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 10.13
(3.26) 4.93
(2.33) 5.89
(2.67)
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 10.47
(3.31) 4.23
(2.19) 2.10
(1.61)
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 9.87
(3.21) 3.23
(1.98) 4.80
(2.30)
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 9.76
(3.20) 2.04
(1.43) 1.63
(1.47)
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 11.25
(3.41) 1.23
(1.31) 1.97
(1.27)
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 8.89
(3.05) 4.40
(2.21) 4.83
(2.31)
10 Untreated control ---- 10.37
(3.29) 13.40
(3.14) 12.23
(2.95)
SE (m) ± 0.08 0.08 0.06
CD (0.05) (NS) 0.25 0.18
PA- Pre application, DAA-Days after application
Figures in parenthesis are transformed values
* Mean data of two years and three observations per application each year.

Table 3. Effect of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC on fruit borer infestation in chilli variety pusa jwala (Pooled data Kharif, 2021 and Rabi 2021-22).
Sl.
No. Treatment Dose
(g a.i./ha) Mean borer damaged fruits
PA 15 DAA
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 16.34
(2.34) 1.98
(0.14)
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 14.96
(2.13) 0.62
(0.09)
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 16.68
(2.45) 0.06
(0.01)
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 14.08
(2.09) 7.96
(1.63)
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 15.97
(2.21) 7.84
(1.62)
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 15.48
(2.18) 11.24
(2.18)
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 14.46
(2.11) 16.67
(3.46)
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 16.13
(2.32) 18.48
(4.11)
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 15.62
(2.16) 9.36
(1.86)
10 Untreated control ---- 16.33
(2.34) 27.35
(5.21)
SE (m) ± SD 7.97 0.16 0.08
CD (0.05) (NS) 0.25
PA- Pre application, DAA-Days after application
Figures in parenthesis are transformed values
* Mean data of two years and two observations per application each year

Table 4: Chilli Yield Data (Six pickings)
S.No. Treatment Dose
g ai/ha Yield/treatment
(45 m2) Yield/
Hectare
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 98.0 kg 13,066.00 kg
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 98.5 kg 13,133.00 kg
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 100.0 kg 13,333.33 kg
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 86.0 kg 11,466.66 kg
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 86.3 kg 11,506.66 kg
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 85.7 kg 11,426.66 kg
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 85.0 kg 11,333.33 kg
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 85.0 kg 11,333.33 kg
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 85.7 kg 11,426.66
10 Untreated control ---- 75.0 kg 10,000 kg
Note: Per treatment has 3 replicated plot. Each plot is 15 square meter.

Table 5. Effect of field application of Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC on natural enemies population on chilli variety Pusa Jwala (Kharif, 2021 and Rabi 2021-22).
Trt.
No. Treatment Dose g a.i./ha Lady Bird Beetle Spider
PA 15DAA PA 15DAA
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 2 3 1 2
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 1 2 0 1
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 0 1 2 1
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 0 0 1 0
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 1 0 0 1
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 0 1 0 0
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 1 1 0 0
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 2 1 3 1
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 1 0 0 1
10 Untreated control ---- 3 5 1 1
PA- Pre-application, DAA-Days after application
Table 6. Phytotoxicity of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC on chilli crop (Pooled Kharif 2021 and Rabi 2021)
TR
NO Treatments Dosage
(g a.i. /ha) Leaf injury on tips & surface Vein clearing Necr-osis Wilt-ing Epi-nasty Hypo-nasty
T1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 17.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 26.25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 35.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 24.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 Flonicamid 50% WG 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
T9 Quinalphos 25 EC 375 0 0 0 0 0 0
T10 Untreated check ---- 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 7. Effect of field pesticide applications on Yield of chilli crop (6 pickings)-Kharif, 2021 & Rabi 2021.
Tr.
No. Treatment Mean Yield/Treatment (45m2) Extrapolated Yield /Ha
1 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 51.72 kg 11493 kg
2 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 56.19 kg 12487 kg
3 Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC 58.30 kg 12955 kg
4 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 42.50 kg 9444 Kg
5 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS 43.50 kg 9667 kg
6 Thiamethoxam 25% WG 41.46 kg 9213 kg
7 Dinotefuran 20% SG 38.92 kg 8649 kg
8 Flonicamid 50% WG 37.75 kg 8389 kg
9 Quinalphos 25 EC 43.37 kg 9638 kg
10 Untreated control 22.55 kg 5016 kg

Conclusion: Results and Discussions
1. All the three doses of Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL at 17.5, 26.25 and 35.0 g a.i. / ha) were very effective in checking the population of thrips, aphids and fruit borer in chilli upto 15 days of application.
2. A broad spectrum combination insecticide killing sucking and chewing insects, thus would control the complete pest complex of a crop.
3. Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC is found highly detrimental in metamorphosis of thrips, aphids and gram pod borer of chilli crop.
4. Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL in toxicologically tested safe formulation and found to be highly effective in pests control.
5. It is quite safe to natural enemies under field condition.
6. Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL did not shown any phytotoxic effect to the crop. Thus Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL can be used as an effective and safe chemical for the control of pests of Chilli.
7. The combination product, Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC is a novel advance formulation with CS and SC components, having synergistic effect and very effectiveinsect pest complex management at a very lesser dose per hectare.
8. Both the pesticide component of this combination having different site and mode of action leads to minimal chance of resistance or cross-resistance in the insect pest complex of chilli crop.
9. Dinotefuran 15%+Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC of HIL is safer to use by the spray operators and those persons coming in direct contact of the concentrated formulation.
10. The formulation has minimal or lesser quantity of solvents thereby safer to environment and Ozone layer in the atmosphere.
11. Higher crop yield, better crop aesthetic value with lesser number of sprays as compared to other conventional insecticides. Thus safer to environment and economical to farmers.
12. The combination would be economical to control the pest complex in Chilli, as it controls both sucking pests and larval pests. If solo product is applied then separate respective sprays needed to control sucking pests and larval pests. No. of sprays need to control pest complex of chilli would be lesser in the combination product as compared to stand-alone products. Thus, labour charges for application would be reduced and also the environmental pollution would be reduced. Exposure to spray solution by the spray operator is minimized.
13. All the three treatments of the candidate products were superior in yield than other treatments.

COST BENEFIT RATIO
Sr.
No. FORMULATED PRODUCT DOSE /
Hectare DOSE g ai/ Ha Price per
Litre/Kg Cost/Ha/
Application Application cost/season Yield/
Hectare
1 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 500 mL 14 Rs.750.00 Rs. 375.00 Rs.1125.00 9444 kg
3 Dinotefuran 20% SG 200 g 40.0 Rs.7200.00 Rs.1440.00 Rs.4320.00 8649 kg
4 Dinetofuran 15%+Delta2.5% ZC 200 mL 35.0 Rs.2500.00 Rs.219.00 Rs.656.00 12955kg
No. of applications/ season: Three; Total no. of pickings is 6

Synergistic effect of the present composition:
a) Standalone products, viz. Dinetofuran 20% SG mainly controls sucking pests (thrip & aphid) and Deltamethrin 2.8% EC mainly controls the larval pests (fruit borer).
b) In the field studies it is observed that Dinetofuran 20% SG gave 83.88% control (from 10.36 population came down to 1.67) of thrip and 83.3% (from 9.76 population came down to 1.63) control of aphid. While gave 0 % control (14.46 increased to 16.67 of damaged fruits) of larval pest.
c) In the field studies it is observed that Deltamethrin 2.8% EC gave 56.56% control (from 10.22 population came down to 4.44) of thrip and 41.86% (from 10.13 population came down to 5.89) control of aphid. While gave 43.47 % control (14.08 decreased to 7.96 of damaged fruits) of larval pest.
d) Combination product Dinotefuran 15% + Deltamethrin 2.5% ZC gave as high as 99.56% control (from 9.11 population came down to 0.04) of thrip and 99.27% (from 9.67 population came down to 0.07) control of aphid. While gave 99.62 % control (16.08 decreased to 0.06 of damaged fruits) of larval pest.
e) Due to synergistic effect of Dinotefuran and Deltamethrin, it could give additional higher control of 16.26% of thrip and 15.39% of aphid while lesser fruit damage by 56.12 %
f) Standalone product best control of sucking pest was 83.88% and that of larval pest was 43.47% while the combination product gave best 99.56% control of sucking pest and 99.62% of larval/caterpillar pest.

Biological study findings summarized:
• Synergism observed in terms of insect control
• Provides higher level of insect control (increase % control)
• Provides longer duration of control (residual control)
• Provides effective control of a greater number of insect-pests species at a time and over a period of time.
• Highest yield of Dinetofuran 15%+Delta2.5% ZC [Sr. No. 4] as compared to other products.
• Least infestation of pests.
• Better quality product.
• Lesser numbers of sprays, thus lesser contamination of environment and less exposure of pesticides to the spray person.
• As compared to cost of application benefits are more in term of good and higher quality yield.
• Highest return on application of pesticide (3- applications) is from the candidate product in comparison to solo deltamethrin, dinotefuran and other solo products.
,CLAIMS:CLAIMS

We claim;

[CLAIM 1]. An insecticidal composition for pest control comprising:
i. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 30.0%w/w;
ii. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5%w/w to 50.0%w/w;
iii. an inactive formulation excipient selected from dispersant or dispersing agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent or defoamer, wetting agent, anti-freezing agent, biocides, carrier as a diluent or continuous phase, emulsifying agent, suspending agent, encapsulating agents.

[CLAIM 2]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a formulation for the said composition is selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate ( flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

[CLAIM 3]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein, the preferred combinations of active ingredients in the said composition comprises:
a. Dinotefuran 5% w/w + Deltamethrin 15%w/w;
b. Dinotefuran 7.5 %w/w + Deltamethrin 8.5 %w/w;
c. Dinotefuran 10 % w/w + Deltamethrin 7.5 % w/w;
d. Dinotefuran 12.5 % w/w + Deltamethrin 4.5 % w/w;
e. Dinotefuran 15 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2.5 % w/w;
f. Dinotefuran 17.5 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2.5 % w/w;
g. Dinotefuran 20 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2 % w/w;
h. Dinotefuran 22.5 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2.5 % w/w;
i. Dinotefuran 25 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2 % w/w;
j. Dinotefuran 27.5 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2.5 % w/w;
k. Dinotefuran 30 % w/w + Deltamethrin 2 % w/w;
l. Dinotefuran 32.5% w/w + Deltamethrin 1.8 % w/w;
m. Dinotefuran 35 % w/w + Deltamethrin 1.5 % w/w;
n. Dinotefuran 40 % w/w + Deltamethrin 1 % w/w.

[CLAIM 4]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the Zeon Concentrate (ZC) formulation comprises:
a. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5 - 30.0 %w/w;
b. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5 - 50.0 %w/w;
c. Non polar solvent in an amount of 1.0 - 15.0%w/w;
d. Encpsulating Polymer-1 in an amount of 0.1 - 2.5%w/w;
e. Emusifing agent in an amount of 0.1 - 5.0%w/w;
f. Encpsulating Polymer-2 in an amount of 0.1 - 1.0%w/w;
g. Anti-freezing agent in an amount of 2.0 - 10.0%w/w;
h. Wetting agent in an amount of 2.0 - 12.0%w/w;
i. Dispersing agent in an amount of 1.0 - 10.0%w/w;
j. Antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.2-1.0%w/w;
k. Biocide in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
l. Structuring agent / rheology modifier in an amount of 0.05-0.20%w/w;
m. Filler in an amount of 41.4 - 62.5%w/w.

[CLAIM 5]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein non polar solvent is selected from hydrocarbon solvent such a an aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydro naphthalene, alkylated naphthalene or their derivatives, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point (such as kerosene, diesel oil, coal tar oils)); a vegetable oil such as corn oil, rapeseed oil; a fatty acid ester such as C1-C10-alkylester of a C10-C22-fatty acid; Solvent C9- solvent Naphtha.

[CLAIM 6]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein encpsulating polymer-1 is selected from Tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethene-4,4’-diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate, PMPI, 2,4,4’-diphenyl ether tri-isocyanate, 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate and 4,4’4"-triphenylmethane tri-isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate or polymethylene poly phenyl isocyanate, polyurethane comprising of poly functional iso cyanate and a polyamine in polarized form.

[CLAIM 7]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein encpsulating polymer-2 is selected from ammonia, hexamine, ethylene diamine, propylene-1,3-diamine, tetramethylenediamine, penta methylene diamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, tri ethylene tetramine, tetra ethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, 4,9-dioxadodecane-1, 12-diamine, 1,3- phenylene diamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine and 4,4’-diamino diphenyl methane, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, 1,3,6-triaminonaphthalene, 2,4,4'-triaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole and 1,4,5,8-tetraminoanthraquinone.

[CLAIM 8]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein emusifing agent is selected from salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkyl benzenes, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl phenol ether phosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, Polyvinyl alcohol.
[CLAIM 9]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein anti-freezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, Glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), Glycerine, Urea, Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

[CLAIM 10]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein wetting agent is selected from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, Polyaryl phenyl ether phosphate, Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol, Alcohol Ethoxylate (Adsee 900), Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Octyl phenol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate.

[CLAIM 11]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein dispersing agent is selected from ethoxylated lignosulfonic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, oxidized lignins, lignin salts, salts of styrenemaleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, salts of partial esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, partial salts of polyacrylic acid and partial salts of polyacrylic acid terpolymers; Polymethyl methacrylate ( Atlox 4913).

[CLAIM 12]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, Silicone antifoam emulsion, Dimethyl siloxane, Poly dimethyl siloxane, Vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, poly alkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane

[CLAIM 13]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein biocide is 1,3 Isothiozolane (Proxel GXL).

[CLAIM 14]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein structuring agent / rheology modifier is selected from xanthan gum, carboxy methyl cellulose, attapulgite clay, bentonite clay.

[CLAIM 15]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein filler is water or diluent water.

[CLAIM 16]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the WG formulation comprises:
a. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5 - 40.0 %w/w;
b. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5 - 40.0 %w/w;
c. Wetting agent in an amount of 1.0 - 7.5%w/w;
d. Dispersing agent in an amount of 5.0 - 15.0%w/w;
e. Co-dispersant cum Suspending agent in an amount of 1.0 - 15.0%w/w;
f. Anti-caking agent in an amount of 0.5 - 2.0%w/w;
g. Filler in an amount of 26.5 - 60.5%w/w.

[CLAIM 17]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein wetting agent is selected from sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, mixture of isomers of dibutyl naphthalene sulphonic acid sodium salt, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium Lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulphosuccinates and non-ionic such as tridexyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl or alkaryl sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated alkyl or alkaryl carboxylates, alkyl or alkyaryl phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharide, di or mono alkyl sulfosuccinate derivatives, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates, butyl, dibutyl, isopropyl and diisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, C12 alkyl benzene sulfonate or C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonate.

[CLAIM 18]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein dispersing agent is selected from naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde, polyalcoxylated alkylphenol, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, methyl naphtaline-formaldehyde-condensate sodium salt, naphthalene condensates, lignosulfonates, polyacrylates and phosphate esters, calcium lignosulfonate, lignin sulfonate sodium salt, Sodium lingo sulphonate (Borresperse Na).

[CLAIM 19]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein co-dispersant cum suspending agent is sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (Morwet D425).

[CLAIM 20]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein anti-caking agent is selected from silicon dioxide, precipitated silica.

[CLAIM 21]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 16, wherein carrier is selected from china clay, silica, lactose anhydrous, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, corn starch, urea, EDTA, urea formaldehyde resin, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bole, loess, talc, chalk, dolomite, limestone, lime, calcium carbonate, powdered magnesia, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, gypsum, calcium sulphate, pyrophyllite, silicates and silica gels.

[CLAIM 22]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation comprises:
a. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5 - 25.0 %w/w;
b. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5 - 50.0 %w/w;
c. Anti-freezing agent in an amount of 3.0 - 15.0%w/w;
d. Wetting agent in an amount of 2.0 - 20.0%w/w;
e. Dispersing agent in an amount of 2.0 - 10.0%w/w;
f. Antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.5-2.5%w/w;
g. Biocide in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
h. Structuring agent / rheology modifier in an amount of 0.05-0.20%w/w;
i. medium as continuous phase in an amount of 30.7 - 67.2 %w/w.

[CLAIM 23]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation comprises:
a. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5 - 15.0 %w/w;
b. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5 - 30.0 %w/w;
c. Non-polar solvent in an amount of 1.0 - 15.0%w/w;
d. Emusifing agent in an amount of 0.1 - 5.0%w/w;
e. Anti freezing agent in an amount of 2.0 - 15.0%w/w;
f. Wetting agent in an amount of 2.0 - 15.0%w/w;
g. Dispersing agent in an amount of 0.5 - 10.0%w/w;
h. Antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.2-1.0%w/w;
i. Biocide in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
j. Structuring agent / rheology modifier in an amount of 0.05-0.20%w/w;
k. Filler in an amount of 39.2 - 60.2%w/w.

[CLAIM 24]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprises:
a. an insecticide Deltamethrin present in amount of 0.5 - 30.0 %w/w;
b. an insecticide Dinotefuron present in amount of 0.5 - 30.0 %w/w;
c. Non-ionic Emusifing agent in an amount of 3.0 - 15.0%w/w;
d. Anionic Emusifing agent in an amount of 2.0 - 10.0%w/w;
e. Polymeric Dispersing agent in an amount of 0.5 - 5.0%w/w;
f. carrier in an amount of 50.0 - 69.5%w/w.

Dated this 06th day of August 2022.