DESC:Technical field of the invention:
The present invention relates to a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives, useful for controlling wide variety of insects/pest that damages various crops, fruits and vegetables. The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of said composition thereof.

Background and Prior art of the Invention:
In agricultural pest control, pesticide resistance is becoming increasingly prominent, thus, there is an urgent need for developing and applying efficient and safe insecticides. Now-a-days, cultivation of crops and agriculture in general is expensive. A good yield from the farmed crops is essential and to achieve higher yield protecting crops from insects/pests and diseases is vital. The most effective way to control insects/pests and diseases is the application of insecticides in accordance with the appropriate management practices with proper formulation thereof.

Insecticides or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.

Insecticidal mixtures are used to control infestation/diseases caused by insects/pest in a cost-effective and efficient manner. Insecticidal combinations provide benefits such as a broad spectrum of insecticidal action, synergistic impact, suppression of one insecticide degradation due to the presence of the second insecticide, and reduced insecticide dosages to broaden the spectrum of control i.e. chewing and sucking insects at a time, decrease chances of development and management of resistance and to enhance residual control so lesser the number of sprays for crop protections and minimizing the insecticidal load in ecosystem. The combination of insecticides at times demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect that results in an improved control of insect/pests.

Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide belonging to the pyrethroid family. It is a non-systemic synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with contact and stomach action. It is also used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Chemical name of Deltamethrin is (S)-a-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 3R)-3-(2, 2-dibromovinyl)-2, 2-Dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate OR (S)-Cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (1R, 3R)-3-(2, 2-dibromoethen-1-yl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate and is represented by following structure:

Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR)3, a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. Organophosphates (OPs) are generally utilized for the protection of crops from pests and used in commercial agriculture.

Profenofos is an organophosphate insecticide, mainly non-systemic insecticide-cum-acaricide with contact and stomach action used on a variety of crops. Chemically, Profenofos is O-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate and is represented by following structure:

Quinalphos is an organothiophosphate chemical chiefly used as a pesticide. It is a broad spectrum insecticide having contact and stomach activity against pests in a wide range of crops. Chemically, Quinalphos is O, O-Diethyl O-(quinoxalin-2-yl) phosphorothioate and is represented by following structure:

Chlorpyrifos belongs to the organothiophosphate pesticide family. Chemically, Chlorpyrifos is O, O-Diethyl O-(3, 5, 6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphorothioate and is represented by following structure:

The combinations of insecticides are often used to facilitate insect control, to broaden spectrum of control and to retard resistance development.

Chinese Patent Publication CN103621551A relates to composite insecticidal composition containing thiamethoxam and profenofos, and a use thereof. Said composition prevent and control Hemiptera pests on crops, and is especially used for preventing and controlling brown plant hoppers and aphids, and has higher effect than single doses.

Chinese Patent Publication CN103563975A relates to pesticidal composition containing methoxyfenozide and profenofos and application thereof. Said pesticidal composition can generate higher synergistic effect, overcomes and postpones the drug resistance of pests, has the advantages of high pesticidal speed and long duration time, lowers the pesticide cost, and has obviously higher preventing and treating effects than single agent.

US Patent 10791732B2 relates to the water dispersible granular composition comprising, at least one solid agrochemically active substance; at least one sorptive filler; at least one first agrochemically acceptable excipient; at least one liquid or low melting agrochemically active substance; and, at least one second agrochemically acceptable excipient.

However, it is a known problem that insecticides when administered solo or alone displays reduced efficacy in populations of target pests that are treated multiple times, as the population tend to build resistance to the active ingredient. Similarly, the repeated and continuous application of active insecticide as single or solo administration develops resistance against the targeted insect/pest. Moreover, it is also observed that resistance to deltamethrin is now extremely widespread and has been identified in several insects worldwide.

Thus to overcome the above problem, the present invention provides a solution by preparing a synergistic composition that comprises combination of Deltamethrin and Organophosphate insecticide; wherein the addition of organophosphate insecticide in the composition reduces or breakdowns the resistance of Deltamethrin which appeared when applied as individually or solo.

Object of the Invention:
Thus it is an object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising (A) Deltamethrin and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives, which is highly effective in controlling different varieties and large spectrum of insects/pests that damages various crops, fruits and vegetables.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of said synergistic insecticidal composition.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that gives a quick knock down kill of the insects/pests and is comparatively more persistent.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that killing many internal feeders, since, it is strongly active as a contact and stomach insecticide.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that kill resistance insect pests, which are normally not controlled by other insecticides.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that is safe with no phytotoxic effect and is active against all life stages of major insect pests.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition that improves crop health and increase yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

Summary of the Invention:
Accordingly, in an aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives, which is highly effective in controlling wide variety and large spectrum of insects/pests that damages various crops, fruits and vegetables.

In a preferred aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising;
(A) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(C) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of total composition;
useful for controlling wide variety and large spectrum of insects/pests that damage various crops, fruits and vegetables.

In a preferred aspect, the present invention describes a process for preparation of said synergistic insecticidal composition.

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition that can be formulated as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE) and a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a method of controlling/reducing wide variety of insects/pest that damages various crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives on crops, fruits and vegetables.

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising Deltamethrin and organophosphate insecticide that is capable of controlling a large spectrum of insects in a wide range of crops, especially the order of lepidoptera, hemiptera, coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, isopteran and is also effective against controlling soil pest, gram pod borer, stem borer, fruit borer, leaf roller, leaf folder, leaf miner, looper, hoppers, thrips, jassids, aphid and mites that damages variety of crops, fruits, vegetables and non-agronomic crops (other than field crops).

Detailed Description of the Invention:
The present invention will now be described in detail in connection with certain embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be fully understood and appreciated.

The phrase “synergistic” used herein, refer as the interaction of two or more active agents combined together and apply conjointly to produce an effect which is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

“Contact and Stomach” OR “Non-systemic” insecticide means insecticide that are designed to kill insects via contact with or ingestion of surface residues shortly after application.

The active ingredients Deltamethrin and Organophosphate insecticides selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos used in the present synergistic composition has an effective mode of action as well as site of action against large spectrum of insects/pests.

Deltamethrin is contact, non-systemic insecticide. It kills insects/pests by direct contact or if they eat it. It disrupts their normal nervous system function. Deltamethrin interfere with normal production and conduction of nerve signals in the nervous system of insects. It act on nerve membranes by delaying the closing of the activation gate for the sodium ion channel. It prevents the sodium channel from functioning thereby stops transmission of nerve impulse in insects/pests.

Organophosphates (OPs) insecticides kills many types of insects, since its readily absorbed through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory surfaces and are toxic to insects by virtue of their ability to inactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is broadly essential for normal function in insects.

Profenofos is a non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. The mechanism of action of profenofos is via inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase enzyme, which is essential for the transmission of impulses between insect’s nerve cells. The separate optical isomers in it, due to the chiral phosphorus atom, shows different types of insecticidal activities and ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. It binds tightly to and inhibit the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase and disrupts nerve impulse transmission by acting in synaptic regions of insect central nervous system.

Quinalphos is a non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Quinalphos penetrates in the plant tissues through translaminar action and exhibits a quick knock-down effect to control internal feeders of leaf and is also a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Chlorpyrifos is a non-systemic insecticide and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, designed to be effective by direct contact, ingestion, and inhalation. It has contact, stomach and respiratory activity.

Thus by combining these active ingredients in a present synergistic composition, a control over a wide variety of insects/pest belongs to order lepidoptera, hemiptera, coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, isopteran and also over soil pest, gram pod borer, thrips, jassids, aphid and mites is highly possible.

Accordingly, the present invention disclose a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising (A) Deltamethrin and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention disclose a synergistic insecticidal composition useful for controlling wide variety and large spectrum of insects/pests that damage various crops, fruits and vegetables comprising;
(A) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(C) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

In another preferred embodiment, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising;
(A) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(B) Profenofos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(C) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

In another preferred embodiment, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising;
(A) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(B) Quinalphos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(C) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

In another preferred embodiment, the present invention describes a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising;
(A) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(B) Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(C) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

The agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives used in the present synergistic composition include but not limited to dispersant, diluents, emulsifiers, fillers, carrier, binders, surfactant, encapsulating polymer-1, encapsulating polymer-2, anti-freezing agent, anti-foaming agent or defoamer, anti-microbial agent or biocide, wetting agent, rheology modifier or thickening agents, buffering agent, stabilizer or stabilizing agent, preservative, coating agent, colorant or coloring agent, pH adjuster/modifier, extender or sticker, solvent and the like.

Dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. They are added to agrochemical compositions to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water. Dispersant is added to a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a liquid (such as a colloid or emulsion) to improve the separation of the particles and to prevent their settling or clumping. They can disperse active ingredients in the formulation and prevent agglomeration after dispersal in water. Examples of dispersants selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to sodium lingo sulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; ethoxylated lignosulfonic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, oxidized lignins, lignin salts, salts of styrenemaleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, salts of partial esters of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, partial salts of polyacrylic acid and partial salts of polyacrylic acid terpolymers; Polymethyl methacrylate, graft copolymers and the like. These dispersants may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 25% of the total composition.

Diluents decreases the viscosity of the fluids and improves the consistency and applicability of the products to which they were added. Examples of diluents selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to water, water-soluble or dispersible polymers, water soluble inorganic salts, lactose, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, urea, starch and the like. These diluents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 1 to 70% of the total composition.

Emulsifiers are added to provide uniform emulsions of actives. They enhance the effectiveness of insecticides so that the insecticides can penetrate and target the insect. Examples of emulsifiers selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkyl phenol ether phosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, Polyvinyl alcohol, Castor oil ethoxylates, Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, Polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenyl ether, Calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate, Polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, Polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate, Calcium Benzene Sulphonate, Calcium alkyl benzen sulfonate and the like. These emulsifiers may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 2 to 7% of the total composition.

Filler is added to improve the handling and storage characteristics of the composition. They also add mass and/or volume to the active ingredient in order to facilitate precise measurement of the doses. It also aid in the delivery of active and increase its dispersibility. Examples of filler selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to silicon dioxide, china-clay, bentonite clay, silica, kaolin, talc, starch, diatomaceous earth, urea formaldehyde resin, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, quartz, pyrophyllite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, kieselguhr, chalk, zeolite, calcite, sericite, acid clay, natural rock, Fuller’s earth, meerschaum, gibbsite, dolomite or pumice; synthetic minerals such as precipitated silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, alumina, aluminum silicate, aluminum hydroxide; inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate or other ammonium salts, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and the like. These fillers may be used either alone or in combination thereof.

Carrier has the function of adsorbing or carrying the active ingredient. Examples of carrier selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to solid carriers such as clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof or liquid carriers such as water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases and the like. These carriers may be used either alone or in combination thereof.

Binders are used to facilitate bonding of powder particles during granulation. They ensure the agglomeration and cohesion of the granules to each other, promoting appropriate compactibility and free-flowing properties. Examples of binders selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, denatured dextrin, soluble starch, guar gum, xanthan gum, sucrose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose or its salt, carboxymethylcellulose dextrin, bentonite, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, natural phosphatide such as cephalinic acid or lecithin and the like. These binders may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% of the total composition.

Surfactant are capable of promoting the entry of active ingredients of insecticides into plants and insects. They have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. Surfactant when dissolved in a liquid, reduces the surface tension of the liquid, which reduces the interfacial tension between two liquids or which reduces surface tension between a liquid and a solid. The commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, cationic or mixtures of these types. Examples of the surfactant selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to anionic surfactants such as polyacrylate sodium salt (Agrilan 789), naphthalene sulfonate condensate, Condensed methyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether, acrylic copolymer, alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethyl ammonium salts and the like. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 1.5 to 20% of the total composition.

Encapsulating polymers promote easier handling and preventing lumping, improving flow ability, compression and mixing properties, reducing core particle dustiness and modifying particle density. It also enhances the shelf life of the formulation.

The encapsulating polymer-1 is selected from isocyanates such as Polyisocyanates, Polydiisocyanates, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Napthalene diisocyanate, Methylene bis-cyclohexylisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4' methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), hydrogenate, polyphenylisocyanate, Polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, Toluene diisocyanate, and/or trimers of HMDI or IPDI, Trimethyl hexamethylene, Xylene diisocyanate, Tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate, Hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate (HTDI), Isocyanate dimers, Isocyanate trimmers, isomers of tolylene diisocyanate, isomers and derivatives of phenylene diisocyanate, isomers and derivatives of biphenylene diisocyanates, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric polyisocyanates, biurets and blocked polyisocyanates, and the like. The encapsulating polymer-1 may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% of the total composition.

The encapsulating polymer-2 is selected from amines such as diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetraamine, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,4-Benzenediamine, Benzylamine, Ethyl amine, Butylamine, Propylamine, Isopropyamine, 1-methylbutylamine, Tert-butylamine, Cyclo-hexylamine, Phenylamine, 2-Pentanamine, 2-methylaniline, Hexamethylenediamine, Monoethanolamine (MEA), Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), Diisopropylamine (DIPA), N-methylethanolamine (NMEA), N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), Monoisopropylamine (MIPA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), n-propyl amine, Trimethylenedipiperidine (TMDP), Pentamethylene hexamine, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine,, 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5 triazine 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and the like. The encapsulating polymer-2 may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% of the total composition.

Anti-freezing agent can enhance the resistance of crops to low temperature. Examples of anti-freezing agent selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to monoethylene glycol (MEG), polyethylene glycols, methoxy polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, propylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, trimethylol propane, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, xylenol, bisphenol A, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetrapentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, pentaglycerol, hexaglycerol, heptaglycerol, octaglycerol and the like. These anti-freezing agent may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 1 to 10% of the total composition.

Anti-foaming agent or defoamer are used to prevent foaming during mixing and spraying stage and generally added to the composition as foam formation prevents the efficient filling of a container. Examples of anti-foaming agent or defoamer selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polydimethyl siloxane, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, dimethylsiloxane, silicon based agents and the like. These anti-foaming agent may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% of the total composition.

Anti-microbial agents or biocides are used to destroy or suppress the growth/effect of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi and prevent the spread of infections. Examples of anti-microbial agents selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts, sodium o-phenyl phenate, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt, methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt, methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde/sodium benzoate/sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and the like. These anti-microbial agents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2% of the total composition.

Wetting agent is added to increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. It significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution, increase the contact of the liquid with the solid surface, or increase the wetting and spreading of the solid surface. Quickly moisturize the active particles, enhance the ability of the solution to wet and spread on the surface of plants or pests, increase the uniformity of the active, improve the efficacy of the active, and reduce the risk of active damage. Examples of wetting agents selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium dioctyl sulpho succinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, Polyaryl phenyl ether phosphate, Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol, Alcohol Ethoxylate (Adsee 900), Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Octyl phenol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate and the like. These wetting agents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 25% of the total composition.

Rheology modifier or thickening agent increases the viscosity of an aqueous solution and helps to stabilize the composition. It is also used to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Examples of thickening agent selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, acrylic polymer, acrylic graft copolymer, starch derivative, synthetic macromolecules, such as modified cellulose-based polymers, polycarboxylates, montmorillonites, hectonites, attapulgites, polysaccharide gums such as gellan gum, jelutong gum, xanthan gum (polysaccharide), guar gum, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum karya, tara gum, locust gum, agar agar, carrageenan, alginates, alginic acid, propylene glycol alginate, alginates (e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium, or calcium), methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or an inorganic fine powder selected from high purity silica, bentonite, white carbon and the like. These rheology modifier or thickening agent may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.05 to 7% of the total composition.

Buffering agent increases the dispersion and/or solubility of an insecticide under conditions of extreme acidic or alkaline waters. Examples of buffering agent selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to calcium hydroxyapatite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium hydroxide and the like. These buffering agents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5% of the total composition.

Stabilizers or stabilizing agents are capable of imparting resistance against physical or chemical deterioration or de-formulation. They improve the stability of insecticide and inhibits or slows down the decomposition of active ingredients of insecticide. Examples of stabilizer or stabilizing agents selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polysaccharides, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, zeolite, quick lime or magnesium oxide and the like. These stabilizer or stabilizing agents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% of the total composition.

Preservative acts as decomposition-preventer or slow down the decomposition by actively working to prevent microbial growth. They are used to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. Examples of preservatives selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel GXL), potassium sorbate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and the like. These preservatives may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% of the total composition.

Coating agent protect the active from external environmental factors or is also used to modify the release of the active. Examples of coating agent selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polyesters, polyamides, poly-carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins, define copolymers and the like. These coating agents may be used either alone or in combination thereof.

Colorants or coloring agent are used as crop protectants as it helps in identification of areas where product has previously been applied, and for health, safety precaution and awareness. Examples of colorants or coloring agents selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to inorganic pigment such as iron oxide, titanium oxide or Prussian blue; organic dye such as alizarin dye, azo dye, metal phthalocyanine dye and the like. These coloring agents may be used either alone or in combination thereof.

pH adjuster/modifier allows insecticides to mix with diluents or other insecticides of different acidities or alkalinities. It helps to keep the finished product stable and efficient. Examples of pH adjuster/modifier selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium or potassium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, triethanolamine and the like. These pH adjusters/modifier may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5% of the total composition.

Extender or sticker keeps insecticides active on a target for an extended period or on waxy foliage. Some extender or stickers help to hold solid particles to treated surfaces. This reduces the amount that washes off due to rain or irrigation. Others reduce evaporation and/or slow breakdown by sunlight. Examples of extender or sticker selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, silicon type surfactant, a cellulose powder, dextrin, processed starch, a polyaminocarboxylic acid chelate compound, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, maleic acid and styrene, methacrylic acid copolymer, half ester of polymer of polyhydric alcohol with dicarboxylic anhydride, watersoluble salt of polystyrene sulfonic acid. These extenders or sticker may be used either alone or in combination thereof.

Solvent is used to dissolve and dilute the active ingredients of insecticides, making them easy to process and use. Examples of solvent selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to water soluble alcohols, naphtha, light petroleum, aromatic hydrocarbon, C-9, glucitol, sorbitol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether, dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers, 1-octanol and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination thereof and is present in an amount of 1 to 15% of the total composition.

The preferable agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives used in the present synergistic composition are selected from solvent, encapsulating polymer-1, encapsulating polymer-2, surfactant, anti-foaming agent or defoamer, preservative, anti-freezing agent, rheology modifier, pH adjuster/modifier and diluent.

The synergistic composition of the present invention can be formulated in different dosage forms such as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In one embodiment, the composition of present invention is in the form of ZW (a mixed formulation of CS and EW).

ZW is an advance mixed formulation of CS (Capsule Suspension) and EW (Emulsion-in-water) which is safer to person handling the formulation concentrate, as compared to conventional formulations. Its particle size is smaller than EC (Emulsifier concentration) formulations and more active ingredient is imparted on the leaf surface for improved efficacy. EW has lesser drift than EC and has lower odour and lower VOC (Volatile Organic Content) compared to EC formulations.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic insecticidal ZW composition comprising mixed formulation of CS and EW; wherein, CS phase contain Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10% to 75%; solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%; encapsulating polymer-1 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%; surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%; anti-foaming agent or defoamer in an amount of 0.1 to 5%; preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%; encapsulating polymer- 2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%; anti-freezing agent in an amount of 1 to 10%; rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%; pH adjusting agent in an amount of 0.5 to 5%, diluent in an amount of 1 to 70%; AND wherein, EW phase contain Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%; solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%; surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%; rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%; and diluent in an amount of 1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

In another embodiment, the composition of present invention is in the form of CS (Capsule suspension).

Capsule suspension (CS) is a water based formulation containing active ingredient encapsulated inside polymer microcapsules which gets released from the microcapsules after its application in the agricultural field. CS reduces toxicity and degradation of active ingredient and delivers uniform suspension upon dilution, thus is very useful in providing effective biological action and good bio-efficacy at lower doses of actives for controlling target pests.

Thus, in another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic insecticidal Capsule Suspension (CS) comprising Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%; Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10% to 75%; solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%; encapsulating polymer-1 and 2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10% each; surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%; anti-foaming agent or defoamer in an amount of 0.1 to 5%; preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%; anti-freezing agent in an amount of 1 to 10%; rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%; pH adjusting agent in an amount of 0.5 to 5%, and diluent in an amount of 1 to 70% by weight of total composition.

In another preferred embodiment the present invention discloses a process for preparation of synergistic composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives.

Accordingly, in an embodiment, the present invention discloses a process for preparation of ZW composition (a mixed formulation of CS and EW) that involves the following stages:

Stage I: Preparation of EW phase:
This phase comprises mixing rheology modifier, surfactant with DM water in a vessel. Further mixing solvent and active ingredient (Deltamethrin) in another vessel till the active dissolves. Mix the dissolved active into solution of first vessel to obtain EW phase.

Stage II: Preparation of CS phase:
These phase comprises organic phase, aqueous phase, and emulsification and encapsulation phase.

The organic phase comprises an active ingredient (Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos), solvent and encapsulating polymer-1. The preparation of organic phase includes mixing of solvent with active ingredient followed by heating and adding encapsulating polymer-1 followed by mixing to get clear solution.

The aqueous phase comprises surfactant, defoamer, preservative and DM water. The preparation of aqueous phase includes mixing surfactant, defoamer and preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing to get clear solution.

The emulsification and encapsulation phase comprises organic phase, aqueous phase, encapsulating polymer-2, anti-freezing agent, rheology modifier and pH adjusting agent. The process involves mixing organic phase and aqueous phase with stirrer to obtain pre-mix slurry and passing this pre-mix slurry through high speed homogenizer and is mixed with previously hydrated encapsulating polymer-2 Cool the slurry to room temperature and adjust the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and previously hydrated rheological modifier to obtain CS phase.

Stage III: Preparation of ZW Composition
Mixing EW phase of Stage I and CS phase of Stage II together and adding xanthan gum solution to obtain final ZW composition.

Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the invention discloses a process for preparation of ZW composition (a mixed formulation of CS and EW) comprises the steps of;
a) mixing rheology modifier and surfactant with DM water; and solvent with active ingredient (Deltamethrin) separately followed by mixing both to obtain EW phase;
b) preparing an organic phase by mixing solvent with active ingredient (Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) followed by heating and adding encapsulating polymer-1;
c) preparing an aqueous phase by mixing surfactant, defoamer, preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing;
d) mixing organic phase of step (b) and aqueous phase of step (c) to obtain pre-mix slurry;
e) passing the pre-mix slurry of step (d) through high speed homogenizer and mixing the pre-mix slurry with encapsulating polymer-2;
f) cooling the slurry of step (e) and adjusting the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and rheological modifier to obtain CS phase; and
g) mixing EW phase of step (a) and CS phase of step (f) together and adding xanthan gum solution to obtain ZW composition.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a process for preparation of CS composition (Capsule Suspension) that involves the following stages:

Step 1: Preparation of Organic phase:
The Organic phase comprises an active ingredient (Deltamethrin and Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos and Chlorpyrifos), solvent and encapsulating polymer-1. The preparation of organic phase includes mixing of solvent with active ingredient (Deltamethrin) and adding organophosphate insecticide (selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos and Chlorpyrifos) to dissolve Deltamethrin with continuous stirring with encapsulating polymer-1 to get clear solution.

Step 2: Preparation of Aqueous phase:
The aqueous phase comprises surfactant, defoamer, preservative and DM water. The preparation of aqueous phase includes mixing surfactant, defoamer and preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing to get clear solution.

Step 3: Emulsification and Encapsulation phase:
The emulsification and encapsulation phase comprises organic phase, aqueous phase, encapsulating polymer-2, anti-freezing agent, rheology modifier and pH adjusting agent. The process involves mixing organic phase and aqueous phase with continuous stirrer to obtain pre-mix slurry and passing this pre-mix slurry through high speed homogenizer and is mixed with previously hydrated encapsulating polymer-2. Cooling the slurry to room temperature and adjusting the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and previously hydrated rheological modifier to obtain CS composition.

Accordingly, in another preferred embodiment, the invention discloses a process for preparation of CS (Capsule Suspension) composition comprises the steps of;
a) preparing an organic phase by mixing solvent with active ingredient (Deltamethrin) and adding Organophosphate insecticide (selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) and encapsulating polymer-1 with continuous stirring;
b) preparing an aqueous phase by mixing surfactant, defoamer, preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing;
c) mixing organic phase of step (a) and aqueous phase of step (b) with continuous stirrer to obtain pre-mix slurry;
d) passing the pre-mix slurry of step (c) through high speed homogenizer and mixing the pre-mix slurry with encapsulating polymer-2; and
e) cooling the slurry of step (d) to room temperature and adjusting the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and rheological modifier to obtain CS composition.

The phrase ‘previously hydrated’ used in above emulsification and encapsulation phase (of ZW and CS composition) refers as the material is first mixed with water and left aside for 24 hrs. that allows it to absorb water and swell.

The pH of the mixture in above emulsification and encapsulation phase (of ZW and CS composition) is maintained between 6.0 to 8.0.

The active ingredients used in the present synergistic composition and also in the process for preparation thereof viz., Deltamethrin and Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos is having 98% purity and 94% purity, respectively.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively controlling insects and pests from the order of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isopteran by applying synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

The order lepidoptera include insect-pest such as Agrotis ypsilon, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Chilo auricilius, Chilo infuscatellus, Chilo partellus, Chilo sacchariphagus, Chilo suppressalis, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diatraea saccharalis, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Earias vittella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Emmalocera depressella, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou-liana, Exelastis atomosa, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa virescens, Helicoverpa zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Laphygma exigua, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocol-letis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Marasmia pantalis, Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, Mythimna separata, Orgyia pseu-dotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frus-trana, Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusiani, Tryporyza novella, Tuta absoluta and Zeiraphera Canadensis.

Hemiptera include insect-pest such as Acrosternum hilare, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aleurolobus barodensis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cavalerius sweeti, Cerosipha gossypii, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cicadulina spp., Clavigralla gibbosa, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Idioscopus spp. Leptoglossus phyllopus, Leptocorisa acuta, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nezara viridula, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Peregrinus maidis, Phorodon humuli, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp.

Coleoptera include insect-pest such as Adoretus bicolor, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Anomala benghalensis, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Chiloloba acuta, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lepidiota stigma, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Maladera indica, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus gran aria.

Diptera include insect-pest such as Atherigona orientalis, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gaster-ophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Melanagromyza obtuse, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Ophiomyia phaseli, Opomyza florum, Orseolia oryzae, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phor-bia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psoro-phora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sar-cophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula ol-eracea, and Tipula paludosa.

Hymenoptera include insect-pest such as Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasymutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile.

Isopterans include insect-pest such as Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis, Cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, Penplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica and Blatta orientalis.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively controlling gram pod borer, stem borer, fruit borer, leaf roller, leaf folder, leaf miner, looper, hoppers, thrips, jassids, aphid and mites by applying synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effective controlling soil pests such as Cockroaches (Calolampra elegans and C. solida), Black field Crickets (Teleogryllus commodus), Black field Earwigs (Nala lividipes), Scarabs (Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Pseudoheteronyx basicollis), Symphyla (Hanseniella spp.), Wireworms (Agrypnus spp., Pterohelaeus spp., Gonocephalum spp.), White grubs (Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrate) Mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis) Beetles, Cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon), Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) by applying synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

In yet another embodiment, the synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention is applied to any and all developmental stages of insect/pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

In yet another embodiment, depending on the desired effect, the application rate of present synergistic insecticidal composition in the field vary from 50 to 2500 gm of active ingredients per hectare, preferably 100 to 1000 gm of active ingredients per hectare.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives which is totally safe with no phytotoxic effect on crops, fruits and vegetables.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of improving crop health and increasing crop yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives.

The composition of present invention is effective for management of insects/pests feed on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables such as Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Maize (Zea mays), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun), Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Mango (Mangifera indica), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum).

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses the use of present synergistic insecticidal composition comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in field crops, veg and horticultural crops, plantation crop, industrial land crops, wood-plywood industry and building & construction sites.

The composition of present invention also provides a non-agronomic (other than field crops) application such as application on horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse, nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential, commercial and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sod farm, pasture, golf course, lawn, sports field, etc.).

Examples:
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. The different aspects and embodiments of the present invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples describe possible preferred embodiments for illustrative purposes only, but they do not limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1: Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW (A mixture of CS and EW)
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
Emulsion - Oil in Water (EW)
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 1.04 Active ingredient
2. Solvent C-9 1.00 Solvent
3. Polyoxyethylene 2.00 Surfactant
4. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 1.00 Rheology modifier
5. DM Water 3.00 Diluent
Capsule Suspension (CS)
6. Profenofos technical (94% Purity) 43.62 Active Ingredient
7. Solvent C-9 7.00 Solvent
8. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (isocynate) 2.5 Encapsulating Polymer-1
9. Polyacrylate sodium salt (Agrilan 789) 2.5 Surfactant
10. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.5 Defoamer
11. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
(Proxel GXL) 0.1 Preservative
12. Diethylenetriamine (amine) 3.5 Encapsulating polymer-2
13. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) 3 Anti-freezing agent
14. Xanthan gum (2% gel) 7 Rheology modifier
15. Citric acid (45% Solution) 1 pH adjusting agent
16. DM Water 21.24 Diluent
Total 100

Process for Preparation of Example 1:
Preparation of Deltamethrin EW Phase:
a) Mixing 3g water, 1g polyvinyl alcohol and 2g emulsifier in a vessel;
b) mixing 1g of Solvent C-9 and 1.04gm of Deltamethrin in another vessel and dissolve;
c) mixing solution of step (b) to solution of step (a) to get EW phase.

Preparation of Profenofos CS:
STAGE 1: Preparation of Organic Phase:
a) Mixing 7g solvent C-9 and 43.62g Profenofos with continuous stirring followed by maintaining the temperature of 42 to 48°C; and
b) adding 2.5 g polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate in step (a) followed by mixing and maintaining the temperature at 70°C to form clear solution.

STAGE 2: Preparation of Aqueous Phase:
Taking 21.24g DM water in a clean vessel (fitted with stirrer) and adding 0.1g 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel GXL), 0.5g defoamer and 2.5g Polyacrylate sodium salt (Agrilan 789) to DM water with continuous stirring/mixing and marinating the temperature of 70°C to get clear solution.

STAGE 3: Preparation of Emulsification and Encapsulation Phase:
a) Mixing an aqueous phase and organic phase with stirrer and maintaining the temperature of 42 to 48°C to get pre-mix slurry;
b) passing pre-mix slurry of step (a) through homogenizer @ 4000 rpm and collecting the material into a vessel fitted with overhead stirrer followed by maintaining the temperature of 42 to 48°C under stirring;
c) adding previously hydrated 3.5 g of diethylenetriamine (10% solution) to step (b) and stir for 2 hrs. at 42 to 48°C temperature;
d) cooling the solution of step (c) to room temperature and adjusting the pH at 6.5 using 1g citric acid solution followed by addition of 3g Monoethylene glycol; and
e) adding previously hydrated 7g xanthan gum and mixing well to get CS phase.

Preparation of Final ZW Composition:
Mixing EW phase and CS phase both together and adding 7g Xanthan gum solution to obtain final ZW composition.

Example 2: Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS (Capsule Suspension)
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 1.53 Active Ingredient
2. Profenofos technical (94% Purity) 42.60 Active Ingredient
3. Solvent C9 7 Solvent
4. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (isocyanate) 2 Encapsulating polymer-1
5. Polyacrylate sodium salt (Agrilan 789) 2.5 Surfactant
6. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.5 Defoamer
7. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
(Proxel GXL) 0.1 Preservative
8. Diethylenetriamine (amine) 4 Encapsulating polymer-2
9. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) 10 Anti-freezing agent
10. Polysaccharide (Xanthan gum) 0.2 Rheology modifier
11. Citric acid 1 pH adjusting agent
12. DM Water 28.57 Diluent
Total 100

Process for Preparation of Example 2:
STAGE 1: Preparation of Organic Phase:
a) Adding 7g solvent C-9 and 1.53g Deltamethrin in a clean and dry reactor and dissolve;
b) adding 42.6g Profenofos in step (a) with continuous stirring and mixing followed by marinating the temperature at 42 to 48°C; and
c) adding 2g polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate in step (b) followed by mixing and maintaining the temperature at 70°C to form clear solution.

STAGE 2: Preparation of Aqueous Phase:
Taking 28.57g DM water in a clean vessel (fitted with stirrer) and adding 0.1g Polyacrylate sodium salt, 0.5g defoamer and 2.5g Polyacrylate sodium salt to DM water with continuous stirring/mixing and maintaining the temperature of 70°C to get clear solution.

STAGE 3: Preparation of Emulsification and Encapsulation Phase:
a) Mixing an aqueous phase and organic phase with stirrer and maintaining the temperature of 42 to 48°C to get pre-mix slurry;
b) passing pre-mix slurry of step (a) through homogenizer @ 4000 rpm and collecting the material into a vessel fitted with overhead stirrer followed by maintaining the temperature of 42 to 48°C under stirring;
c) adding previously hydrated diethylenetriamine (10% solution) to step (b) and stir for 2 hrs. at 42 to 48°C temperature;
d) cooling the solution of step (c) to room temperature and adjusting the pH at 6.5 using 1g citric acid solution followed by addition of 10g Monoethylene glycol; and
e) adding previously hydrated 10g xanthan gum and mixing well to get CS composition.

Example 3: Deltamethrin + Profenofos CS
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 0.20 Active Ingredient
2. Profenofos technical (94% Purity) 15.80 Active Ingredient
3. Solvent Naphtha 3 Solvent
4. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate 0.80 Encapsulating polymer-1
5. Naphthalene sulfonate condensate 1.5 Surfactant
6. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.5 Defoamer
7. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel GXL) 0.1 Preservative
8. Diethylenetriamine 2 Encapsulating polymer-2
9. Propylene glycol 7 Anti-freezing agent
10. Polysaccharide 0.25 Rheology modifier
11. Citric acid 0.5 pH Adjusting agent
12. Water 68.35 Diluent
Total 100

Preparation of Example 3: As per process steps of Example 2

Example 4: Deltamethrin + Quinalphos CS
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 1.50 Active Ingredient
2. Quinalphos technical (94% Purity) 15.80 Active Ingredient
3. Light petroleum 3 Solvent
4. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate 0.80 Encapsulating
polymer-1
5. Condensed methyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt 1.5 Surfactant
6. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.5 Defoamer
7. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
(Proxel GXL) 0.1 Preservative
8. Diethylenetriamine 2 Encapsulating
polymer-2
9. Monoethylene glycol 7 Antifreezing agent
10. Polysaccharide 0.25 Rheology modifier
11. Oxalic acid 0.5 pH Adjusting agent
12. Water 67.05 Diluent
Total 100

Preparation of Example 4: As per process steps of Example 2

Example 5: Deltamethrin + Quinalphos CS
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 5.20 Active Ingredient
2. Quinalphos technical (94% Purity) 50 Active Ingredient
3. Solvent Naphtha 10 Solvent
4. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate 1.20 Encapsulating polymer-1
5. Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester 3.2 Surfactant
6. Nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether 2.1 Surfactant
7. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.5 Defoamer
8. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1 Preservative
9. Diethylenetriamine 2 Encapsulating polymer-2
10. Propylene glycol 7 Anti-freezing agent
11. Polysaccharide 0.25 Rheology modifier
12. Citric acid 0.5 pH adjusting agent
13. Water 17.95 Diluent
Total 100

Preparation of Example 5: As per process steps of Example 2

Example 6: Deltamethrin + Chlorpyrifos CS
Sr. No. Ingredients % w/w Role of Ingredient
1. Deltamethrin technical (98% Purity) 1.50 Active Ingredient
2. Chlorpyrifos technical (94% Purity) 30.80 Active Ingredient
3. Aromatic hydrocarbon 5 Solvent
4. Polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate 0.80 Encapsulating
polymer-1
5. Acrylic copolymer 1.5 Surfactant
6. Polydimethyl siloxane 0.7 Defoamer
7. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1 Preservative
8. Diethylenetriamine 4 Encapsulating
polymer-2
9. Glycerol 7 Anti-freezing agent
10. Polysaccharide 0.15 Rheology modifier
11. Tartaric acid 0.5 pH adjusting agent
12. Water 47.95 Diluent
Total 100

Preparation of Example 6: As per process steps of Example 2

Synergy and Bio-efficacy Data:

Example 7: Field Bio-efficacy of Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) infesting Chilli

Chilli (Capsicum annum Linnaeus) is one of the important condiments having immense commercial and therapeutic value. It is cultivated in almost all the states of India. Chilli fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner), Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood), White fly (Bemesia tabaci Gennadius) and Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) are some important pests of chilli. The present experiment was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of present synergistic composition comprising combination of Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW in controlling the pest complex of Chilli, compared to conventional recommended insecticides.

Different chemical treatments were made in Chilli to control Thrips and Fruit borer. All the treatments effectively reduced the Thrips and Fruit borer population as compared to untreated control. All the dosages of present composition comprising Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW gave higher control of both the pests as compared to other chemical treatments. All the dosages of present composition, Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW were non-phytotoxic to the crop Chilli and were safe to natural enemies. Higher yield was also recorded with synergistic composition of present invention as compared to other treatments.

Experimental details:
Season Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23
Year 2022 - 2023
Crop Chilli
Variety CT - 20
Fertilizer application Basal: DAP + Urea; Top dressing: Urea
Date of transplanting 10/06/2022 (30 days old seedlings) 14/10/2022 (30 days old seedlings)
Date of spraying 10/07/2022, 25/07/2022, 09/08/2022 14/11/2022, 29/11/2022, 14/12/2022
Design Randomized Block Design
Treatments 9 (Nine). (Details given in the treatment Table)
Replications 3 (Three)
Plot size 5m x 3m = 15 sq.m.
Spacing Row to Row 60cm; Plant to Plant 45 cm
No. of plants/plot 65 plants. (5 rows and 11 plants per row)
Spraying technique Total three rounds of spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT with 500 litres of water with hand operated high volume Knapsak sprayer fitted with flat fan NMDS insecticide nozzle
Target species Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and
Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)
Sample size Select randomly 10 plants per plot, leaving the border plants, and tag them for observation before and after spraying
Observation dates : Abbreviation: PA= Pre-application & DAA = Days after application
Sucking pests-2022 10/07/22; 15/07/22; 20/07/22; 25/07/22; 30/07/22; 04/08/22; 09/08/22 14/11/22; 19/11/22; 24/11/22; 29/11/22; 04/12/22; 09/12/22;
14/12/22
Larval pests-2022 10/07/22; 25/07/22; 09/08/22; 24/08/22 14/11/22; 29/11/22; 14/12/22; 29/12/22
Crop safety- 2022 10/07/22; 13/07/22; 17/07/22; 20/07/22 14/11/22; 17/11/22; 21/11/22;
24/11/22
Harvesting/
Picking dates 29/08/22; 03/09/22; 08/09/22; 13/10/22; 18/1022; 23/10/22 10/01/23; 15/02/23; 20/02/23;
25/02/23 and 03/03/23
Official reported yield 8 to 14 tonnes per hectare 8 to 14 tonnes per hectare

Treatment details:
• Thirty days old seedlings of Chilli variety CT-20 were transplanted in a RBD (Randomized Block Design) plots.
• There were nine numbers of treatments, including untreated control and three replicates.
• Four treatments of present synergistic composition Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW was tried in comparison with four recommended marketed products, viz. Deltamethrin 2.8% EC (Decis), Profenofos 50% EC (Curacron), Cypermethrin 25% EC (Cymbush) and Cypermethrin 4% + Profenofos 40% EC (Polytryn C) against Chilli pest complex.
• Observation were recorded on the nymph and adult population of Chilli Thrips from three leaves randomly selected from the upper most canopy of the 10 tagged plants.
• Observation on Chilli fruit borer was recorded from 10 tagged plants. Damaged Chilli fruits by Helicoverpa were counted, recorded and removed from the tagged plant before and after each application.

Treatment
No. Treatment Brand Name Dose
g a. i./ha Dose (mL/
ha)
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW ---- 7.5 + 300 750 Composition of Present Invention
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW ---- 10.0 + 400 1000
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW ---- 12.5 + 500 1250
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW ---- 25.0 + 1000 2500
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC Decis 2.8% EC 12.50 500 Recommended
Marketed Products
T6 Profenofos 50% EC Curacron 50% EC 1000 2000
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC Cymbush 25% EC 70 280
T8 Cypermethrin 4% +
Profenofos 40% EC Polytryn C 44% EC 660 1500
T9 Untreated control ----- ---- ---
g.a.i./ha – gram active ingredient per hectare

Table 1: Effect of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW on Thrips population on Chilli variety CT-20 (Pooled data Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23)
Treat ment
No.
Treatment Dose
(g a. i./ ha) *Mean Thrips population / 3 upper canopy leaves at
PA 7 DAA 15 DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 11.34
(8.30) 1.53
(1.04) 0.48
(0.59)
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 13.86
(8.26) 1.02
(0.95) 0.12
(0.48)
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 10.11
(8.09) 0.11
(0.68) 0.04
(0.05)
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 11.02
(8.19) 0.12
(1.81) 0.02
(1.02)
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 24.5 12.68
(8.12) 4.56
(1.85) 4.65
(1.05)
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 50 12.11
(8.11) 5.75
(1.75) 4.02
(1.09)
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 30 10.65
(8.11) 7.50
(1.71) 7.66
(1.89)
T8 Cypermethrin 4% +
Profenofos 40% EC 75 11.34
(8.20) 3.01
(1.36) 4.16
(1.05)
T9 Untreated control ---- 13.11
(8.30) 25.76
(4.93) 29.38
(4.50)
SE (m) ± 0.19 0.18 0.14
CD (P=0.05) NS 0.11 0.08
PA- Pre application, DAA-Days after application
Figures in parenthesis are transformed values
* Mean data of two seasons, three observations each application of three replicates each year

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 1 that, treatments T1 to T4 effectively reduced Thrips population as compared to individual/marketed/untreated control. Treatment T4 exhibits highest percent of Thrips control followed by T3, T2, T1 as compared to T5, T6, T7, T8 (Marketed Products) and T9 (untreated control). Thus the present composition exhibit synergy as well as efficacy over individual/marketed products.

Table 2: Effect of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW on Fruit borer infestation in Chilli variety CT-20 (Pooled data Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose
(g a. i./ha) *Mean borer damaged fruits
PA 15 DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 12.24
(2.64) 2.28
(0.12)
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 12.15
(2.44) 1.12
(0.10)
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 11.36
(2.21) 0.08
(0.04)
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 11.68
(2.10) 0.06
(0.06)
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 12.08
(2.19) 9.16
(1.63)
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 50 12.86
(2.76) 14.98
(3.96)
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 30 13.36
(2.94) 10.20
(2.38)
T8 Cypermethrin 4% + Profenofos 40% EC 75 12.46
(2.74) 9.03
(1.60)
T9 Untreated control ---- 11.68
(2.10) 32.01
(5.81)
SE (m) ± 7.97 0.14 0.08
CD (0.05) (NS) 0.31
PA- Pre application, DAA-Days after application
Figures in parenthesis are transformed values
* Mean data of two seasons, two observations per application with three replicates each year

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 2 that, treatments T1 to T4 effectively reduced fruit borer infestation as compared to individual/marketed/untreated control. Treatment T4 exhibits highest reduction in fruit damage followed by T3, T2, T1 as compared to T5, T6, T7, T8 (Marketed Products) and T9 (untreated control). Thus the present composition exhibit synergy as well as efficacy over individual/marketed products.

Example 8: Crop Safety data
Table 3: Phytotoxicity of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW on Chilli crop (Pooled data Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23)
Treat ment
No. Treatments Dosage
(g a.i./ ha) Leaf injury on tips & surface Vein clearing Necrosis Wilting Epi nasty Hyponasty
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 Cypermethrin 4% + Profenofos 40% EC 660 0 0 0 0 0 0
T9 Untreated control ---- 0 0 0 0 0 0

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 3 that, none of the treatments T1 to T4 exhibits any phytotoxic effects on Chilli at the tested doses.
Example 9: Effect on Natural enemies
Table 4: Effect of field application of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW on natural enemies population on chilli variety CT - 20 (Kharif, 2022)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g a.i./ha Lady Bird Beetle Spider
PA 15DAA PA 15DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 2 3 1 2
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 0 1 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 1 3 1 1
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 1 1 2 2
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 0 0 0 1
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 1 1 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 2 1 1 1
T8 Cypermethrin 4% +
Profenofos 40% EC 660 1 0 0 0
T9 Untreated control ---- 2 2 0 1

Table 5: Effect of field application of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW on natural enemies population on Chilli variety CT - 20 (Rabi 2022-23)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g a.i./ha Lady Bird Beetle Spider
PA 15DAA PA 15DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 2 3 1 2
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 1 1 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 1 3 1 1
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0% +
Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 0 1 2 2
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 1 0 1 1
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 1 1 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 2 1 1 1
T8 Cypermethrin 4% +
Profenofos 40% EC 660 1 1 0 0
T9 Untreated control ---- 1 2 1 1

Result: The lady bird beetle and spider were associated with Chilli crop eco-system at each level of application. It is observed from above Table 4 and Table 5 that, all the doses of Deltamethrin 1% + Profenofos 40% ZW were quit safe and at par with untreated control.

Example 10: Yield
Table 6: Chilli Yield Data (Six pickings)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g ai/ha Yield/ treatment
(45m2) Yield/ Hectare
T1 Deltamethrin 1.0%+Profenofos 40% ZW 7.5 + 300 81.68 kg 18,150.93 kg
T2 Deltamethrin 1.0%+Profenofos 40% ZW 10.0 + 400 82.09 kg 18,242.04 kg
T3 Deltamethrin 1.0%+Profenofos 40% ZW 12.5 + 500 83.50 kg 18,555.37 kg
T4 Deltamethrin 1.0%+Profenofos 40% ZW 25.0 + 1000 84.01 kg 18,668.70 kg
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.5 71.63 kg 15,917.62 kg
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 67.75 kg 15,055.40 kg
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 71.25 kg 15,917.62 kg
T8 Cypermethrin 4% + Profenofos 40% EC 600 81.50 kg 18,110.93 kg
T9 Untreated control ------ 58.90 kg 13,088.76 kg
Note: 1] Per treatment has 3 replicated plots. Each plot is 15 sq. m. 2] Extrapolated Yield per Hectare (10,000 m2)

Result: Six picking done at an interval of 5 to 7 days. It is observed from above Table 6 that, all the treatments of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW (T1 to T4) exhibits higher yield as compared to other treatments, including untreated control (T5 to T9). Treatment T4 of Deltamethrin 1.0% + Profenofos 40% ZW @ 25.0 + 1000 g a.i. / ha recorded highest yield of 84.01 kg/45m2, that is 18,668.70 kg per hectare, followed by T3, T2 and T1.

Example 11: Field Bio-efficacy of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) infesting Chilli

Experimental details:
Season Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23
Year 2022 - 2023
Crop Chilli
Variety CT - 20
Fertilizer application Basal: DAP + Urea; Top dressing: Urea
Date of transplanting 10/06/2022
(30 days old seedlings) 14/10/2022
(30 days old seedlings)
Date of spraying 11/07/2022; 26/07/2022; 10/08/2022 15/11/2022; 30/11/2022;
15/12/2022
Design Randomized Block Design
Treatments 9 (Nine). (Details given in the treatment Table)
Replications 3 (Three)
Plot size 5m x 3m = 15 sq.m.
Spacing Row to Row 60cm; Plant to Plant 45 cm
No. of plants/plot 65 plants. (5 rows and 11 plants per row)
Spraying technique Total three rounds of spray at 31, 46 and 61 DAT with 500 litres of water with hand operated high volume Knapsak sprayer fitted with flat fan NMDS insecticide nozzle
Target species Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and
Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)
Sample size Select randomly 10 plants per plot, leaving the border plants, and tag them for observation before and after spraying
Observation dates : Abbreviation: PA= Pre-application & DAA = Days after application
Sucking pests-2022 11/07/22; 16/07/22; 21/07/22; 26/07/22; 31/07/22; 05/08/22; 10/08/22 15/11/22; 20/11/22; 25/11/22; 30/11/22; 05/12/22; 10/12/22; 15/12/22
Larval pests-2022 11/07/22; 26/07/22; 10/08/22; 25/08/22 15/11/22; 30/11/22; 15/12/22; 30/12/22
Crop safety- 2022 11/07/22; 14/07/22; 18/07/22; 21/07/22 15/11/22; 18/11/22; 22/11/22; 25/11/22
Harvesting/
Picking dates 29/08/22; 04/09/22; 09/09/22; 14/10/22; 19/10/22; 24/10/22 11/01/23; 16/01/23; 21/02/23; 26/02/23; 04/03/23
Official reported yield 8 to 14 tonnes per hectare 8 to 14 tonnes per hectare

Treatment details:
Treatment
No. Treatment Brand Name Dose
g a.i./ha Dose (mL/
ha)
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS ---- 11.25 + 300 750 Composition of Present Invention
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS ---- 15.0 + 400 1000
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS ---- 18.75 + 500 1250
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS ---- 37.5 + 1000 2500
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC Decis 2.8% EC 12.50 500 Recommended
marketed products
T6 Profenofos 50% EC Curacron 50% EC 1000 2000
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC Cymbush 25% EC 70 280
T8 Untreated control ----- ---- ---

Table 7: Effect of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Pofenofos 40% CS on Thrips population on Chilli variety CT-20 (Pooled data Kharif, 2022 and Rabi, 2022-23)

Treat ment
No.
Treatment Dose
(g a.i./ ha) *Mean Thrips population / 3 upper canopy leaves at
PA 7 DAA 15 DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 3.84
(1.30) 0.53
(1.04) 0.33
(0.89)
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 3.66
(1.56) 0.42
(0.95) 0.21
(0.48)
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 3.64
(1.34) 0.27
(0.68) 0.17
(0.05)
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 4.02
(1.19) 0.12
(1.81) 0.12
(1.02)
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 24.5 2.98
(2.26) 1.56
(1.85) 2.64
(1.05)
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 50 3.12
(1.98) 1.15
(1.75) 1.24
(1.09)
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 30 3.65
(1.34) 1.91
(1.71) 2.86
(1.89)
T8 Untreated control ---- 3.14
(1.68) 25.76
(4.93) 29.38
(4.50)
SE (m) ± 0.09 0.04 0.04
CD (P=0.05) NS 0.14 0.18
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values
* Mean data of two seasons, three observations each application of three replicates each year

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 7 that, treatments T1 to T4 effectively reduced Thrips population as compared to individual/marketed/untreated control. Treatment T4 exhibits highest percent of Thrips control followed by T3, T2, T1 as compared to T5, T6, T7 (Marketed Products) and T8 (untreated control). Thus the present composition exhibit synergy as well as efficacy over individual/marketed products.

Table 8: Effect of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS on Fruit borer infestation in Chilli variety CT-20 (Pooled data Kharif, 2022 and Rabi 2022-23)

Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose
(g a.i./ha) Mean borer damaged fruits
PA 15 DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 12.64
(21.64) 3.08
(0.12)
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 9.35
(18.24) 2.62
(0.10)
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 08.36
(16.24) 2.02
(0.04)
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 11.33
(12.10) 1.00
(0.06)
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 11.2 14.08
(21.62) 9.66
(1.63)
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 50 12.86
(2.76) 14.98
(3.96)
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 30 13.36
(2.94) 10.20
(2.38)
T8 Untreated control ---- 14.68
(2.10) 32.01
(5.81)
SE (m) ± 7.97 0.14 1.08
CD (0.05) (0.06) 3.31
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values
* Mean data of two seasons, two observations per application with three replicates each year

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 8 that, treatments T1 to T4 effectively reduced Fruit borer infestation as compared to individual/marketed/untreated control. Treatment T4 exhibits highest reduction in fruit damage followed by T3, T2, T1 as compared to T5, T6, T7 (Marketed Products) and T8 (untreated control). Thus the present composition exhibit synergy as well as efficacy over individual/marketed products.

Example 12: Crop Safety data
Table 9: Phytotoxicity of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS on Chilli crop (Pooled data Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022-23)

Treat ment
No. Treatments Dosage
(g a.i. / ha) Leaf injury on tips & surface Vein clearing Necrosis Wilt-ing Epi-nasty Hypo-nasty
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 Untreated control ---- 0 0 0 0 0 0

Result: It is clearly observed from above Table 9 that, none of the treatments T1 to T4 exhibits any phytotoxic effects on Chilli at the tested doses.

Example 13: Effect on Natural enemies
Table 10: Effect of field application of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS on natural enemies population on Chilli variety CT - 20 (Kharif, 2022)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g a.i./ha Lady Bird Beetle Spider
PA 15DAA PA 15DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 0 1 0 1
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 1 2 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 1 1 1 1
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 0 1 1 2
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 0 0 0 1
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 1 1 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 2 1 1 1
T8 Untreated control ---- 1 2 0 1

Table 11: Effect of field application of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS on natural enemies population on chilli variety CT - 20 (Rabi 2022-23)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g a.i./ha Lady Bird Beetle Spider
PA 15DAA PA 15DAA
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 2 3 1 2
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 1 1 0 0
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 1 3 1 1
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 0 1 2 2
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.50 1 0 1 1
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 1 1 0 0
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 2 1 1 1
T8 Untreated control ---- 1 2 1 1

Result: The lady bird beetle and spider were associated with Chilli crop eco-system at each level of application. It is observed from above Table 10 and Table 11 that, all the doses of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS were quit safe and at par with untreated control.

Example 14: Yield
Table 12: Chilli Yield Data (Six pickings)
Treat ment
No. Treatment Dose g ai/ha Yield/treatment (45 m2) Yield / Hectare
T1 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 11.25 + 300 81.75 kg 18,166.49 kg
T2 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 15.0 + 400 83.20 kg 18,488.70 kg
T3 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 18.75 + 500 83.55 kg 18,566.48 kg
T4 Deltamethrin 1.5% +
Profenofos 40% CS 37.5 + 1000 85.15 kg 18,922.03 kg
T5 Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 12.5 72.03 kg 16,006.51 kg
T6 Profenofos 50% EC 1000 68.05 kg 15,122.07 kg
T7 Cypermethrin 25% EC 70 71.75 kg 15,944.29 kg
T8 Untreated control ------ 57.65 kg 12,810.98 kg
Note: 1] Per treatment has 3 replicated plots. Each plot is 15 sq. m. 2] Extrapolated Yield per Hectare (10,000 m2)

Result: Six picking done at an interval of 5 to 7 days. It is observed from above Table 12 that, all the treatments of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS (T1 to T4) exhibits higher yield as compared to other treatments, including untreated control (T5 to T8). Treatment T4 of Deltamethrin 1.5% + Profenofos 40% CS @ 37.5 + 1000 g a.i. / ha recorded highest yield of 85.15 kg/45m2, that is 18,922.03 kg per hectare, followed by T3, T2 and T1.

Conclusion:
1. All the four doses of present composition (Treatment T1 to T4) of ZW and CS were very effective in reducing the population of Thrips and Fruit borer infestation/damage upto 15 days or more, of each application.
2. A broad spectrum combination insecticide (Deltamethrin + Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) killing sucking and chewing insects, thus controls the complete insect/pest complex of a crop.
3. Present composition is found highly detrimental in metamorphosis of Thrips and Gram pod borer.
4. Present composition is toxicologically tested safe and found to be highly biologically active and effective in insect/pest control.
5. Present composition is quite safe to natural enemies under field condition.
6. Present composition did not shown any phytotoxic effect on crop. Thus can be used as an effective and safe chemical for the control of variety of insect-pest complex.

Advantages of Present Invention:
? The composition of present invention comprising combination of Deltamethrin and Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos is a novel advanced composition having synergistic effect and is very effective in insect-pest complex management at a very lesser dose per hectare.

? Both the active components of present composition viz., Deltamethrin and Organophosphate (selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) having different site and mode of action leads to minimal chance of resistance or cross-resistance in the insect-pest complex. Organophosphate inhibit acetylcholinesterase, thus effecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system while Deltamethrin acts on nerve impulse. Organophosphorus also breaks the resistance against individual application of Deltamethrin.

? Present synergistic insecticidal composition is safe to use by the spray operators and those persons coming in direct contact of concentrated formulation, since exposure to spray solution by the spray operator is minimized.

? Present synergistic insecticidal composition has minimal quantity of solvents thereby safer to environment and Ozone layer in the atmosphere.

? Present synergistic insecticidal composition provide higher crop yield, better crop aesthetic value with lesser number of sprays as compared to other conventional insecticides. Thus safer to environment and economical to farmers.

? The combination would be economical to control the different varieties of insect-pest complex, as it controls both sucking pests and larval pests. If solo active is applied then separate respective sprays needed to control sucking pests and larval pests. Present synergistic composition overcomes this drawback and provides combination product with less amount of actives.

? Number of sprays needed to control insect-pest complex would be lesser with the present synergistic composition as compared to stand-alone products. Thus, labor charges for application would be reduced and also the environmental pollution would be reduced.
,CLAIMS:We Claim,

1. A Synergistic insecticidal composition comprising;
(a) Deltamethrin;
(b) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos; and
(c) Agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives.

2. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1; wherein Deltamethrin present in an amount of 0.20 to 20%; Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos present in an amount of 10 to 75%; and agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives present in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

3. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and 2; wherein said composition comprises;
(a) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(b) Profenofos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(c) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

4. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and 2; wherein said composition comprises;
(a) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(b) Quinalphos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(c) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

5. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and 2; wherein said composition comprises;
(a) Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
(b) Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10 to 75%; and
(c) agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives in an amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

6. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1 to 5; wherein said agrochemically acceptable excipients/additives are selected from solvent, encapsulating polymer-1, encapsulating polymer-2, surfactant, anti-foaming agent or defoamer, preservative, anti-freezing agent, rheology modifier, pH adjuster/modifier and diluent.

7. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said solvent is selected from water soluble alcohols, naphtha, light petroleum, aromatic hydrocarbon, C-9, glucitol, sorbitol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether, dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers, 1-octanol and is present in an amount of 1 to 15% of the total composition.

8. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said encapsulating polymer-1 is selected from isocyanates such as Polyisocyanates, Polydiisocyanates, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Napthalene diisocyanate, Methylene bis-cyclohexylisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4' methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), hydrogenate, polyphenylisocyanate, Polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, Toluene diisocyanate, and/or trimers of HMDI or IPDI, Trimethyl hexamethylene, Xylene diisocyanate, Tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate, Hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate (HTDI), Isocyanate dimers, Isocyanate trimmers, isomers of tolylene diisocyanate, isomers and derivatives of phenylene diisocyanate, isomers and derivatives of biphenylene diisocyanates, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric polyisocyanates, biurets and blocked polyisocyanates and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% of the total composition.

9. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said encapsulating polymer-2 is selected from selected from amines such as diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine, triethylenetetraamine, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,4-Benzenediamine, Benzylamine, Ethyl amine, Butylamine, Propylamine, Isopropyamine, 1-methylbutylamine, Tert-butylamine, Cyclo-hexylamine, Phenylamine, 2-Pentanamine, 2-methylaniline, Hexamethylenediamine, Monoethanolamine (MEA), Triisopropanolamine (TIPA), Diisopropylamine (DIPA), N-methylethanolamine (NMEA), N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), Monoisopropylamine (MIPA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), n-propyl amine, Trimethylenedipiperidine (TMDP), Pentamethylene hexamine, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine,, and 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5 triazine 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% of the total composition.

10. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said surfactant is selected from anionic surfactants such as polyacrylate sodium salt, naphthalene sulfonate condensate, condensed methyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether, acrylic copolymer, alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethyl ammonium salts and is present in an amount of 1.5 to 20% of the total composition.

11. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said anti-foaming agent or defoamer is selected from polydimethyl siloxane, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, dimethylsiloxane, silicon based agents and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% of the total composition.

12. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel GXL), potassium sorbate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% of the total composition.

13. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said anti-freezing agent is selected from monoethylene glycol (MEG), polyethylene glycols, methoxy polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, propylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, trimethylol propane, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, xylenol, bisphenol A, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetrapentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, pentaglycerol, hexaglycerol, heptaglycerol, octaglycerol and is present in an amount of 1 to 10% of the total composition.

14. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said rheology modifier is selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, acrylic polymer, acrylic graft copolymer, starch derivative, synthetic macromolecules, such as modified cellulose-based polymers, polycarboxylates, montmorillonites, hectonites, attapulgites, polysaccharide gums such as gellan gum, jelutong gum, xanthan gum (polysaccharide), guar gum, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum karya, tara gum, locust gum, agar agar, carrageenan, alginates, alginic acid, propylene glycol alginate, alginates (e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium, or calcium), methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or an inorganic fine powder selected from high purity silica, bentonite, white carbon and is present in an amount of 0.05 to 7% of the total composition.

15. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said pH adjuster/modifier is selected from sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium or potassium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, triethanolamine and is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5% of the total composition.

16. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6; wherein said diluent is selected from water, water-soluble or dispersible polymers, water soluble inorganic salts, lactose, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, urea, starch and is present in an amount of 1 to 70% of the total composition.

17. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1 to 5; wherein said composition is formulated in one of the form of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

18. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 17; wherein said composition is formulated in the form of ZW (a mixed formulation of CS and EW) and CS (Capsule suspension).

19. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 18; wherein said ZW composition comprise mixed formulation of CS and EW phase;

wherein, EW phase consists of;
a. Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
b. solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%;
c. surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%;
d. rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%;
e. diluent in an amount of 1 to 70%;
AND wherein, CS phase consists of;
a. Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10% to 75%;
b. solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%;
c. encapsulating polymer-1 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%;
d. surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%;
e. anti-foaming agent or defoamer in an amount of 0.1 to 5%;
f. preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%;
g. encapsulating polymer-2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%;
h. anti-freezing agent in an amount of 1 to 10%;
i. rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%;
j. pH adjusting agent in an amount of 0.5 to 5%, and
k. diluent in an amount of 1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

20. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 18; wherein said CS composition comprises;
a. Deltamethrin in an amount of 0.20 to 20%;
b. Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos in an amount of 10% to 75%;
c. solvent in an amount of 1 to 15%;
d. encapsulating polymer-1 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%;
e. surfactant in an amount of 1.5 to 20%;
f. anti-foaming agent or defoamer in an amount of 0.1 to 5%;
g. preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%;
h. encapsulating polymer- 2 in an amount of 0.1 to 10%;
i. anti-freezing agent in an amount of 1 to 10%;
j. rheology modifier or thickening agent in an amount of 0.05 to 7%;
k. pH adjusting agent in an amount of 0.5 to 5%, and
l. diluent in an amount of 1 to 70% by weight of the total composition.

21. A process for preparation of synergistic insecticidal ZW composition as claimed in claim 19 comprises the steps of;
(a) mixing rheology modifier and surfactant with DM water; and solvent with active ingredient (Deltamethrin) separately followed by mixing both to obtain EW phase;
(b) preparing an organic phase by mixing solvent with active ingredient (organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) followed by heating and adding encapsulating polymer-1;
(c) preparing an aqueous phase by mixing surfactant, defoamer, preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing;
(d) mixing organic phase of step (b) and aqueous phase of step (c) to obtain pre-mix slurry;
(e) passing the pre-mix slurry of step (d) through high speed homogenizer and adding encapsulating polymer-2;
(f) cooling the slurry of step (e) and adjusting the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and rheological modifier to obtain CS phase; and
(g) mixing EW phase of step (a) and CS phase of step (f) together and adding xanthan gum solution to obtain ZW composition.

22. A process for preparation of synergistic insecticidal CS composition as claimed in claim 20 comprises the steps of;
(a) preparing an organic phase by mixing solvent with active ingredient (Deltamethrin) and adding organophosphate insecticide (selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos) and encapsulating polymer-1 with continuous stirring;
(b) preparing an aqueous phase by mixing surfactant, defoamer, preservative with DM water followed by continuous stirring/mixing;
(c) mixing organic phase of step (a) and aqueous phase of step (b) with continuous stirrer to obtain pre-mix slurry;
(d) passing the pre-mix slurry of step (c) through high speed homogenizer and adding encapsulating polymer-2; and
(e) cooling the slurry of step (d) to room temperature and adjusting the pH followed by adding anti-freezing agent and rheological modifier to obtain CS composition.

23. A method of effectively controlling insects and pests from the order Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Isopteran by applying synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetable.

24. A method of effectively controlling insects and pests selected from gram pod borer, stem borer, fruit borer, leaf roller, leaf folder, leaf miner, looper, hoppers, thrips, jassids, aphid and mites by applying synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) Organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

25. A method of effectively controlling soil pests selected from Cockroaches (Calolampra elegans and C. solida), Black field Crickets (Teleogryllus commodus), Black field Earwigs (Nala lividipes), Scarabs (Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Pseudoheteronyx basicollis), Symphyla (Hanseniella spp.), Wireworms (Agrypnus spp., Pterohelaeus spp., Gonocephalum spp.) White grubs (Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrate) Mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis) Beetles, Cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon), Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) by applying synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

26. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims comprising; (A) Deltamethrin; and (B) organophosphate insecticide selected from Profenofos, Quinalphos or Chlorpyrifos along with agrochemical acceptable excipients/additives is use in field crops, veg and horticultural crops, plantation crop, industrial land crops, wood-plywood industry and building & construction sites.

Dated this 01st day of September 2023