FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION: "An Integrated Braking System for Two Wheeled Electric Vehicles"
2. APPLICANT:

(A) Name: ADVIK HI-TECH PVT. LTD.
(B) Nationality: Indian
(C) Address: Plot No. B-5, Phase II,
Chakan Industrial Area, Village Vasuli, Taluka: Khed, District: Pune-410501 Maharashtra, India.
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates with the field of a braking system for electric vehicles and more particularly it relates to an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles,
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
A brake is a mechanical device or apparatus in automobile vehicles, which inhibits motion by absorbing rotational energy from the moving wheels of vehicles to decelerate the vehicle's momentum for preventing motion of the moving vehicle. A braking system plays a crucial role in improving efficiency of the vehicles while providing auto safety in terms of prevention of road accidents, particularly for high-speed two wheeled vehicles. In an automotive vehicle, a braking system is an arrangement of various linkages and components (brake links or mechanical linkages, brake drum or brake disc, master cylinder or fulcrums etc.) that are arranged in such a way that it converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into the heat energy in form of friction which in turn stops the vehicle.
In prior art braking systems of two wheeled vehicles, separate brakes, namely a front wheel brake and a rear wheel brake are provided for the front wheel and the rear wheel respectively. The front wheel brake and the rear wheel brake are conventionally applied separately in two wheeled vehicles which requires give poor braking stability due to individual braking all the time, and manual intervention required to integrate the brake. In order to achieve a minimum stopping distance, both the front

wheel brake and the rear wheel brake are required to be applied in a balanced manner. The front wheel brake enables halting of the two wheeled vehicles within a shorter distance as compared to the rear wheel brake.
In conventional braking systems of motorcycles, the front wheel is stopped by applying brake through the right hand brake lever of the handle, and the rear wheel is stopped by applying brake through the left hand brake lever of the handle. In said conventional braking system, both of the brakes are independent and there is no inter-connection between the front brake and rear brake. In normal condition, it is difficult to get coordination between the right hand brake and left hand brake for safe braking i.e. to apply both the brakes in a specific ratio. In adverse conditions, when the reaction time is very less and the balancing or controlling has to be done along with the braking, it becomes very difficult to attain a safe braking ratio, and sometimes only either hand (left hand or right hand) brake is applied.
However, there are many demerits of independent braking systems. One such shortcoming is the poor timing of application of the front and rear independent brakes leading to disproportionate braking between the two wheels. Usually when the rear brake is applied much more than the front brake the stopping distance increases (the braking effect reduces) and also there will be a possibility of skidding of rear wheel causing hazard to the rider. On the contrary, if the front brake is applied harder than the rear brake, the braking effect on the front wheel will be very high which may

lead to toppling of the scooter/bike or loss of control of vehicle causing hazard to the rider.
Further, if only the front wheel brake is applied, in a panic braking situation for halting the two wheeled vehicle running at a high speed, there is a risk of skidding or nose-diving of the two wheeled vehicles resulting in an accident. Hence, in panic braking situations, there is a greater risk of accident due to sudden application of the front wheel brake while being driven at high speed, while negotiating sharp turns. Hence, the front wheel brake is substantially not preferable for riders to use, due to resulting in an inefficient deceleration of the vehicle. This results in vehicle halting after a longer period of time, from the time of application of the conventional braking system. Thus, difficulty was found in halting the vehicle in time when encountered with an unforeseen obstacle.
If the front wheel is stopped by the front brake and the back wheel is still running, the tail-end of the motorcycle tends to swing aside and in most serve situation the motorcycle may fall down due to unbalanced condition. On the other hand, as the riding speed increases, the braking force required to stop the wheels also increases proportionally. If the front brake lever and rear brake lever are simultaneously pressed, the braking force will be doubled and the motorcycle can be stopped in balanced manner. However, the front brake and the rear brake cannot be applied in an accurate proportion to stop the front and rear wheels simultaneously in a balanced manner without skidding, pitching or yawing.

Since last few years, several attempts have been made to overcome the drawbacks and shortcomings of the conventional isolated braking system by developing a combined operation of the front wheel brake and the rear wheel brake in a single braking system. Virtually, it is very difficult to obtain specific braking ratio of the front brake and the rear brake by actuating both of the braking levers (i.e. left hand brake lever and right hand brake lever) simultaneously.
There is, therefore, a need in the prior art of braking system that provides a linkage between the front brake and the rear brake such that by actuating either of the brake lever, both the front and rear brake will automatically be applied in ideal proportion.
One Indian Patent Application Number IN510/CHE/2010 illustrates a combined brake system which comprising an independent brake lever for actuating a front brake, an interlocking brake lever for actuating both the front brake and the rear brake. As disclosed in IN510/CHE/2010, the braking forces applied by the brake levers are transmitted by brake cables and a movable force distributing lever is provided for connecting the interlocking brake lever and the independent brake lever with the brake cables while a sliding element enables transferring the brake force from the independent brake lever to one of the output brake cables. The sliding element is housed in a cylinder and includes a slide rod bolted to a slide tube.

Thus, the aforementioned combined brake system of IN510/CHE/2010 requires a sliding element enclosed into the housing which makes the system more complex in construction and operation.
Hence, it is an essential need to develop an efficient and technically advanced combined braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles, which is cost effective in terms of material consumption and smooth operation with minimum number of moving elements to obtain an optimum output. More specifically, it is desperately needed to provide combined braking system whereby the rider can easily achieve maximum braking through minimal effort for minimum stopping distance and least chances of skidding or toppling thereby enhancing rider safety.
Although the existing conventional combined braking systems have been proved to be an advantageous, there is still scope to improve an efficiency and operational functionality of existing combined braking system. Hence, there's a need to provide a combined braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which can overcome the. drawbacks and shortcomings of conventional combined braking system.
OBJECT OF INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which is having less number of moving components.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which is cost effective in terms of consumption of raw materials.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which conveys an optimum brake load distribution between the front brake and rear brake simultaneously.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which prevents chances of skidding and toppling of vehicles.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which enhances the safety of vehicles in terms of prevention of accidents.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles which overcomes drawbacks and deficiencies of prior art combined braking system of two wheeled vehicles.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION
An integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles comprise front brake actuating means mounted at right-hand terminal of handle bar through secondary bracket; dual-brake actuating means mounted at left-hand terminal of handle bar through primary bracket. The dual-brake actuating means includes hollow quadrangular main body fixed to primary bracket; integrated brake lever pivotably connected to primary bracket; parking brake lever pivotably connected to main body. Said front brake actuating means includes independent brake lever and secondary brake lever pivotably mounted to secondary bracket; master cylinder mounted onto secondary bracket and connected to front disc brake through front hydraulic hose; plunger connectively mounted between master cylinder and secondary brake lever. Said secondary brake lever is mechanically connected to intermediate brake cable through secondary cable-connector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Various other objects, features and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will be understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 illustrates an isometric perspective view of an integrated braking system for two wheeled electric vehicles according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 illustrates a detailed view of quadrangular main body of dual brake actuating means of integrated braking system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates a detailed view of front brake actuating means of integrated braking system according to the present invention.
It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are generally represented by like reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout the figures. It also should be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the preferred embodiments. The figures do not illustrate every aspect of the described embodiments and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The nature of the invention and the manner in which it works is clearly described in the complete specification. The invention has various embodiments and they are clearly described in the following pages of the complete specification. Before explaining the present invention, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Further, it is to be noted that the background of the invention, illustrated hereinbefore, gives the detailed information of combined/integrated braking technology and system being known in the art, which explains the deficiencies of the related prior art combined/integrated braking system.

Before explaining the present invention, it is to be understood that "an integrated braking system" is a generic term commonly used for a braking system, which actuates front brake of front wheel and the rear brake of rear wheel simultaneously by using a single brake actuating means, such as a brake lever. Further, the term "front hydraulic disc brake", herein described, refers to a front brake-linkages [for front wheel] for operating of a front brake; and the term "rear mechanical drum brake" refers to a rear brake-linkages [for rear wheel] for operating of a rear brake.
The term "handle bar", hereinafter illustrated, stands for a steering handle of a two-wheeled electric vehicle which is used for steering of the vehicle.
Now referring to Fig.1, an integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles according to the present invention comprises a front hydraulic disc brake (2) disposed at front wheel (3); a rear mechanical drum brake (4) disposed at rear wheel (5); a dual-brake actuating means (6) mounted at left-hand terminal (7) of handle bar (8) through a primary bracket (9); and a front brake actuating means (10) mounted at right-hand terminal (11) of the handle bar (8) through a secondary bracket (12). As depicted in Fig.l, said front brake actuating means (10) is mechanically connected to the front disc brake (2) through a front hydraulic hose (13); and the dual-brake actuating means (6) is mechanically connected to the rear drum brake (5) through a rear brake cable (14) and said dual-brake actuating means (6) is mechanically connected to the front brake actuating means (10) through an intermediate brake cable (15).

Further referring to Fig.1, the dual-brake actuating means (6) comprises a hollow quadrangular main body (16) rigidly fixed to the primary bracket (9); an integrated brake lever (17) pivotably connected to the primary bracket (9) through a first pivot pin (P1); and a parking brake lever (18) pivotably connected to the main body (16) through a second pivot pin (P2) over the integrated brake lever (17).
Now turning onto Fig.2, said hollow quadrangular main body (16) comprises a first opening (19) with a rear-cable connector (20) to receive a rear-brake cable (14) and a second opening (21) with an intermediate-cable connector (22) to receive the intermediate-brake cable (15); a brake equalizer (23) having a first distal end (24) and a second distal end (25) being movably disposed within the main body (16) alongside the first and second openings (19, 21); a first opening hole (26) at first distal end (24) thereof to securely fix a rear cable connecting means (27) and a second opening hole (28) at second distal end (25) thereof to securely fix an intermediate cable connecting means (29); a compression spring (30) disposed alongside the second distal end (25) of the brake equalizer (16); a pivot hinge (31) disposed onto the brake equalizer (16) between the first opening hole (26) and second opening hole (28); a shaft (32) mechanically connected to the brake equalizer (16) through the pivot hinge (31) and other end thereof being connected to the integrated brake lever (17) through a third pivot pin (not shown in figure); a rubber boot (33) partially covered onto the rod shaft (32) to impart a sealing for dust proof operation.

Continuous referring to Fig.2, said compression spring (30) is configured for urging the brake equalizer (16) to retain in an extended position (as depicted in Fig.2) towards the first and second openings (19,21) and configured to allow the rear brake cable (14) being initially actuated to apply the braking load onto the rear drum brake (5).
Before explaining the further invention, it is to be understood that the terms "rear-cable connecting means (27)" and ''intermediate-cable connecting means (29)", hereinbefore described, respectively includes a first end-casting (27) and a second end-casting (29) respectively of cylindrical shape being securely fixed into the respective first opening hole (26) and second opening hole (28).
Now referring to Fig.3, said front brake actuating means (10) comprises an independent brake lever (34) and a secondary brake lever (35) being pivotably mounted to the secondary bracket (12) through a forth pivot pin (P4); a master cylinder (36) mounted onto the secondary bracket (12) through a fastening means and mechanically connected to the front disc brake (2) through the front hydraulic hose (13); a plunger (37) connectively mounted between the master cylinder (36) and secondary brake lever (35).
Now referring to Fig.l and 3 collectively, said secondary brake lever (35) is a rocker which is mechanically connected to the intermediate brake cable (15) through a secondary cable-connector (38), and being operated through the intermediate brake lever (15).

Before explaining the detailed invention, it is to be noted that the dual-brake actuating means (6) initially urges the rear drum brake (5) to be actuated to apply the brake load onto the rear wheel (4) and thereafter the front disc brake (2) being actuated to apply the brake load onto the front wheel (3) while operating the intermediate brake lever (17). Further, the independent brake lever (34) of the front brake actuating means (10) is being operated to merely actuate the front disc brake (2) only to apply the braking load onto the front wheel (3).
According to the present intention, when the integrated brake lever (17) is operated to apply the brake, the first distal end (24) of the brake equalizer (16) is initially pulled along with the rear brake cable (14) to actuate the rear drum brake (5) for applying brake load onto the rear wheel (4); and then-after the front disc brake (2) is being actuated due to elastic effect of the compression spring (30). After actuating the rear drum brake (5), the front disc brake (2) is actuated to apply the brake load onto the front wheel (3) while operating a single integrated brake lever (17).
Before explaining an operational features of the present invention, it should be noted that the integrated brake lever (17) of the present invention can be mounted either at right hand side of the handle bar (8).
In operational characteristics of the present invention, when the brake is applied by operating the integrated brake lever (17), initially the first distal end (24) of the brake equalizer (16) being pulled through the shaft (32) which urging the rear brake cable (14) to be pulled for actuating the

rear drum brake (5) to apply the brake load to the rear wheel (4); and simultaneously the compression spring (30) prevents the second distal end (25) of the brake equalizer (16) from pulling to prevent braking of the front disc brake (2). After actuating the rear drum brake (5) and while operating the integrated brake lever (17), the second distal end (25) of the brake equalizer (16) is being pulled which urging the intermediate brake cable (15) to be pulled to operate the secondary brake lever (35), which actuates the front disc brake (2) through the plunger (37) and master cylinder (36) for applying brake load to the front wheel (3). Thus, by operating a single integrated brake lever (17), both the rear drum brake (5) and the front disc brake (2) are simultaneously actuated to apply the brake load to the front wheel (3) and to the rear wheel (4) respectively. The integrated brake lever (17) is configured to apply an amount of load to the master cylinder (36) to achieve a predefined stopping distance
The integrated braking system of the present invention is disclosed for two wheeled electric vehicles. However, it is considered within the scope of the present invention to use said integrated braking system in engine vehicles.
The integrated braking system of the present invention conveys an optimum braking load distribution between the front brake and rear brake simultaneously and reduces the stopping distance while enhancing the safety of vehicles in terms of prevention of accidents by preventing the skidding and toppling of vehicles. Further, said integrated braking system

of the present invention is cost effective in terms of production or manufacturing cost and consumption of raw materials.
The invention has been explained in relation to specific embodiment. It is inferred that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and it is not intended that the invention be limited or restrictive thereto. Many other specific embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure. All substitutions, alterations and modifications of the present invention which come within the scope of the following claims are to which the present invention is readily susceptible without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined not with reference to the above description but should be determined with reference to appended claims along with full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
• An integrated braking system (1)
• Front hydraulic disc brake (2)
• Front wheel (3)
• Rear wheel (4)
• Rear mechanical drum brake (5)
• Dual-brake actuating means (6)
• Left-hand terminal (7)
• Handle bar (8)
• Primary bracket (9)
• Front brake actuating means (10)
• Right-hand terminal (11)
• Secondary bracket (12)
• Front hydraulic hose (13)
• Rear brake cable (14)
• Intermediate brake cable (15)
• Hollow quadrangular main body (16)
• Integrated brake lever (17)
• Parking brake lever (18)
• First opening (19)
• Rear-cable connector (20)
• Second opening (21)
• Intermediate-cable connector (22)
• Brake equalizer (23)
• First distal end (24) and
• Second distal end (25)
• First opening hole (26)
• Rear cable connecting means (27)
• Second opening hole (28)
• Intermediate cable connecting means (29)
• Compression spring (30)
• Pivot hinge (31)
• Shaft (32)
• Rubber boot (33)
• independent brake lever (34)
• secondary brake lever (35)
• master cylinder (36)
• plunger (37)
• secondary cable-connector (38)

We claim,
1. An integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles comprises:
a front hydraulic disc brake (2) disposed at front wheel (3);
a rear mechanical drum brake (5) disposed at rear wheel (4);
a front brake actuating means (10) mounted at right-hand terminal (11) of handle bar (8) through a secondary bracket (12), said front brake actuating means (10) being mechanically connected to the front disc brake (2) through a front hydraulic hose (13);
a dual-brake actuating means (6) mounted at left-hand terminal (7) of handle bar (8) through a primary bracket (9), said dual-brake actuating means (6) being synchronously mechanically connected to the rear drum brake (5) through a rear brake cable (14) and to the front brake actuating means (10) through an intermediate brake cable (15);
characterized in that,
said dual-brake actuating means (6) having,
a hollow quadrangular main body (16) being rigidly fixed to the primary bracket (9),
an integrated brake lever (17) pivotably connected to the primary bracket (9) through a first pivot pin (P1),
a parking brake lever (18) being pivotably connected to the main body (16) through a second pivot pin (P2) over the integrated brake lever (17);

said hollow quadrangular main body (16) having,
a first opening (19) with a rear-cable connector (20) to receive a rear-brake cable (14) and a second opening (21) with an intermediate-cable connector (22) to receive an intermediate-brake cable (15),
a brake equalizer (23) having a first distal end (24) and a second distal end (25) being movably disposed within the main body (16) alongside the first and second openings (19,21),
a first opening hole (26) at first distal end (24) of the brake equalizer (23) to securely fix a rear cable connecting means (27) and a second opening hole (28) at second distal end (25) thereof to securely fix an intermediate-cable connecting means (29);
a compression spring (30), configured to urge the brake equalizer (23) to retain in an extended position towards the first and second openings (19,21), being disposed alongside the second distal end (25) of the brake equalizer (23),
a pivot hinge (31) provided onto the brake equalizer (23) between the first opening hole (26) and the second opening hole (28),
a shaft (32) perpendicularly connected to the pivot hinge (31) with respect to the brake equalizer (23) and other end of the shaft (32) being connected to the integrated brake lever (17) through a third pivot pin; said shaft () being partially shielded with a rubber boot (33) to impart a sealing medium for dust proof operation;

said front brake actuating means (10) having,
an independent brake lever (34) and a secondary brake lever (35) pivotably mounted to the secondary bracket (12) through a common forth pivot pin (P4);
a master cylinder (36) rigidly mounted onto the secondary bracket (12) through a fastening means, said master cylinder (36) being mechanically connected to the front disc brake (2) through the front hydraulic hose (13);
a plunger (37) connectively mounted between the master cylinder (36) and the secondary brake lever (35);
said secondary brake lever (35) being mechanically connected to the intermediate brake cable (15) through a secondary cable-connector (38), and configured to be operated through the intermediate brake lever (17).
2. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear cable connecting means (27) includes a first end-casting (27) of cylindrical shape being securely fixed into the first opening hole (26) at first distal end (24) of the brake equalizer (23).
3. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate cable connecting means (29) includes a second end-casting (29) of cylindrical shape being securely fixed into the second, opening hole (28) at second distal end (25) of the brake equalizer (23).

4. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end-casting (27) is mechanically connected to the rear drum brake (5) through the rear brake cable (14).
5. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second end-casting (29) is mechanically connected to the secondary cable-connector (38) through the intermediate brake cable (15) to operate the front disc brake (2) through the integrated brake lever (17).
6. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parking brake lever (18) is configured to be applied to retain the integrated brake lever (17) in a stationary position, when the integrated brake lever (17) of the dual-brake actuating means (6) is applied on the sloppy road conditions.
7. The integrated braking system (1) for two wheeled electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integrated brake lever (17) is configured to apply an amount of load to the master cylinder (36) to achieve a predefined stopping distance.