FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
An intelligent transformer monitoring system
APPLICANTS
Crompton Greaves Limited, CG House, Dr Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 030, Maharashtra, India, an Indian Company
INVENTORS
Sanders David G. of CG Power Syst Smart Grid / Intelligent Transformer, CG Power Systems Canada Inc, Canada, 101 Rockman Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 0L7; Canadian National
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to the field of transformers, information systems, and artificial intelligence based computing systems.
Particularly, this invention relates to an intelligent transformer monitoring system.
Background of the Invention:
A transformer is a power electronic device used in applications ranging from home use to industrial use.
Power reliability is of critical importance in today's world, since it directly affects production and trade in the industrial world, amongst other things. Power transformers are utilised throughout the electrical power generation, transmission and distribution industry. The equipment such as transformers which form a crucial part of substation and other power industries are expensive. The cost of interruption also turns out to be expensive.
Each of the transformers has a plurality of electrical, electronic, mechanical, fluid-based components which collaborate to form its working. Maintenance of the components is a crucial aspect in order to maintain a sustainable environment without glitches and to avoid interruptions which could have cascaded catastrophic effects in and around the power industry environment, depending upon the time for which interruptions occur.
To avoid breakdown of transformers in crucial environment, it is necessary that the health of the transformer be maintained continuously. This is usually done by means of regular servicing by service personnel who are in charge of timely

scheduled maintenance. However, aberrations occur, and even in spite of timely maintenance activities, the transformers may break down. There is no warning mechanism.
Especially, at remote sites, it is not feasible to have a completely dedicated staff of professional to take care of the transformer, since this would result in unwarranted expensed. Instead, there is a need for a surveillance system or an intelligent system which can receive a variety of inputs and predict potential problem or pain point scenarios, and relay them to various units depending upon pre-defined parameters.
Objects of the Invention:
An object of the invention is to improve transformer efficiency and reliability.
Another object of the invention is to maintain transformer health.
Yet another object of the invention is to monitor transformer elements.
Still another object of the invention is to merge or collate transformer health data from a plurality of monitoring parameters.
An additional object of the invention is to divulge collated transformer health data to a supervisory control and data acquisition system.
Another additional object of the invention is to divulge collated transformer health data to a proprietary computational engine.
Yet another additional object of the invention is to provide operational data in relation to transformer health condition.

Still another additional object of the invention is to provide maintenance data in relation to transformer health condition.
Summary of the Invention:
According to this invention, there is provided an intelligent transformer monitoring system, said system comprises:
a. plurality of monitoring components adapted to monitor transformer
conditions in relation to each of a pre-defined element or parameter of said
transformer;
b. data merging unit adapted to collate readings from each of said monitoring
components, said data merging unit further comprising:
i. computational means adapted to compute and output a first operational data stream in relation to operational data and a second maintenance data stream in relation to maintenance data; and ii. data logging means adapted for logging data of said transformer's parameters to permit root-cause analysis of alarms for condition based maintenance purposes;
c. supervisory control and data acquisition system adapted to receive said first
data stream;
d. network means adapted to receive said second data for further relaying to
further means for purposes of maintenance scheduling; and
e. server means adapted to receive said second data stream, said server being
equipped with artificial intelligence in order to process and interpret said
second stream data in relation to pre-defined parameters and models in order
to obtain predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing

calls in relation to said predicted performance, thereby obtaining a condition based servicing model.
Typically, said monitoring component includes a plurality of monitoring means selected from a group of monitoring means consisting of but not limited to bushing monitoring means, partial discharge monitoring means, top oil temperature detector monitoring means, load current monitoring means, cooling monitoring means, Dissolved Gas Analysis (single or multi-gas) monitoring means, ambient air temperature detector monitoring means., direct winding fiber optic temperature measurement means, and on-load tap-changer monitoring means.
Typically, said computational means includes calculation means to determine calculated winding hotspot temperature, loss of life, calculated early warning for overload conditions, and dynamic loading modelling.
Typically, said system includes forecasting means adapted to forecast the remaining time until a critical temperature is reached under the current loading conditions of transformer, said prediction based on pre-designed mathematical models and user-input parameters.
Typically, said system includes a two way communication means between said merging unit and said supervisory control and data acquisition system.
Typically, said system includes a one way communication means between said merging unit and said network means.

Typically, said system includes means to permit an operator of said supervisory control and data acquisition system in order to permit adjustment of settings as well as to receive data, said data being used for dynamic loading modeling.
Typically, said server means includes communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing calls to a smart phone, pager or emails to a personal computer.
Typically, said server means includes communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing calls to a website.
Typically, said server means includes communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing calls to a customer support / service centre.
Typically, said server means includes human assessment means, said human assessment means being human based smart asset group of examiners.
Brief Description of the Accompanying Drawings:
The invention will now be described in relation to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the system; and
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic flow diagram of the process of the system of Figure 1.

Detailed Description of the Accompanying Drawings:
According to this invention, there is provided an intelligent transformer monitoring system.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the system.
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic flow diagram of the process of the system of Figure
1.
In accordance with an embodiment of this invention, there is provided a plurality of monitoring components adapted to monitor transformer condition in relation to each of a pre-defined element of the transformer. The monitoring components, therefore, are adapted to obtain readings in relation to bushing monitoring (BM), readings in relation to partial discharge (PDM), readings in relation to resistance temperature detector for top oil (ORTDM), readings in relation to load current (LCM), readings in relation to cooling monitoring (CM), readings in relation to Dissolved Gas Analysis (multi-gas) (DGAM), readings in relation to resistance temperature detector for ambient air (ARTDM). Various known monitoring components or means may be coupled to obtain all of the above-mentioned readings,
In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a data merging unit (DMU) adapted to receive readings from each of said monitoring components in order to output a first operational data stream (DS1) and a second maintenance data stream (DS2).

The merging unit has computational abilities to determine calculated winding hotspot temperature, loss of life, and calculated early warning for overload conditions. This permits critical forecasting to predict the remaining time until a critical temperature is reached under the current loading conditions. The merging unit also has a data logging means (DLM) for logging data of the transformers parameters to permit root-cause analysis of alarms for condition based maintenance purposes.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system adapted to receive said first data stream. This is the operational data for utility. It is a two way exchange of data, permitting an operator of the SCADA system to adjust settings as well as to receive data. This data could be used for dynamic loading modeling.
In accordance with still another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a network means (VPN) adapted to receive said second data. This completely separate second data stream is the maintenance data. This second data stream is sent to the Internet via a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The VPN uses authentication to deny access to unauthorized users, and encryption to prevent unauthorized users from reading the private network packets. VPN is one of the most secure network connections currently know. It receives the same information as the SCADA operator but has no facility to adjust settings. It is a one way transfer of data. This offers some level of cyber security, in that, the setting adjustment feature will belong to the SCADA operator only.
In accordance with an additional embodiment of this invention, there is provided a server means (SAGE) adapted to receive said second data stream. This server is

equipped with artificial intelligence in order to process and interpret the second stream data in relation to pre-defined parameters and models. This server is a Smart Asset Group Examiner (SAGE) server.
This system will examine the information from an intelligent transformer. It will provide alerts in relation to the transformer condition and utilise artificial intelligence which will make predictions on its performance and make recommendations on servicing. With the support a manufacturer's service (MS), it is possible to move away from interval-based maintenance and move towards condition-based maintenance based on on-line results of two data streams. This will result in savings to the utility, and investing time in transformers that are in need of servicing. SAGE messaging and data will be available at any time and virtually anywhere through Smart Phone access (SP). It will be monitored 24 hours a day, seven days a week by authorised personnel, to provide the customer, support and expertise in the event of transformer malfunction.
The technical advance of this invention lies in the provisioning a data merging unit with computational ability in relation to user-driven parameters, which data merging unit is adapted to provide an output of two data streams, where there is an operational data stream and a completely separate second data stream for maintenance data. There is two way exchange of information where the SCADA operator is able to alter settings remotely. This system offers a remote artificial intelligence to interpret the data from the transformer and make recommendations on servicing.

While this detailed description has disclosed certain specific embodiments of the present invention for illustrative purposes, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims, and it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter }s to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation.

We claim,
1. An intelligent transformer monitoring system, said system comprising:
a. plurality of monitoring components adapted to monitor transformer
conditions in relation to each of a pre-defined element or parameter of said
transformer;
b. data merging unit adapted to collate readings from each of said monitoring
components, said data merging unit further comprising:
i. computational means adapted to compute and output a first operational data stream in relation to operational data and a second maintenance data stream in relation to maintenance data; and ii. data logging means adapted for logging data of said transformer's parameters to permit root-cause analysis of alarms for condition based maintenance purposes;
c. supervisory control and data acquisition system adapted to receive said first
data stream;
d. network means adapted to receive said second data for further relaying to
further means for purposes of maintenance scheduling; and
e. server means adapted to receive said second data stream, said server being
equipped with artificial intelligence in order to process and interpret said
second stream data in relation to pre-defined parameters and models in order
to obtain predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing
calls in relation to said predicted performance, thereby obtaining a condition
based servicing model.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said monitoring component includes a plurality of monitoring means selected from a group of monitoring means consisting of bushing monitoring means, partial discharge monitoring means, top oil temperature detector monitoring means, load current monitoring means, cooling monitoring means, Dissolved Gas Analysis (single or multi-gas) monitoring means, ambient air temperature detector monitoring means, direct winding fiber optic temperature measurement means, and on-load tap-changer monitoring means.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said computational means includes calculation means to determine calculated winding hotspot temperature, loss of life, calculated early warning for overload conditions, and dynamic loading modeling.
4. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said system includes forecasting means adapted to forecast the remaining time until a critical temperature is reached under the current loading conditions of transformer, said prediction based on pre-designed mathematical models and user-input parameters.
5. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said system includes a two way communication means between said merging unit and said supervisory control and data acquisition system.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said system includes a one way communication means between said merging unit and said network means.

7. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said system includes means to permit an operator of said supervisory control and data acquisition system in order to permit adjustment of settings as well as to receive data, said data being used for dynamic loading modeling.
8. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said server means includes communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing calls to a smart phone, pager or emails to a personal computer.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said server means includes communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer performance parameters and servicing calls to a website.
10. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said server means includes
communication means adapted to communicate predictions of transformer
performance parameters and servicing calls to a customer support / service
centre.
11. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said server means includes human
assessment means, said human assessment means being human based smart
asset group of examiners.