Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to power management systems, in mode details, an internet of things-based power management system and method for secured and uninterrupted power service.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Power theft is a major issue on a worldwide scale. The third most common type of theft, after auto theft and credit card data theft, is now power theft. About 70–80% of power theft occurs in residential settings, with the remaining 20–30% occurring in business settings. One of the most prevalent, if not the most prevalent, kind of non-technical loss is power theft. Non-technical losses are brought on by events outside the utility's control, or by loads and/or circumstances that are not considered when calculating the technical losses of the power distribution system.

Power theft from the utility company is a common practise among utility consumers. The master metre, which measures the amount of electricity entering the home or business load, is frequently tampered with in many ways. An old metre may be tampered with by being pulled out of the electrical route from the utility to the property and then being placed back in the path upside down. As a result, the meter's line side and load side will be switched, and any measurements performed will be recorded as a reverse power flow. In other words, according to the metre, the load is supplying energy to the utility. Placing a shunt at the bottom of the metre to create an untraceable parallel electrical channel is another option for utility customers to tamper with their metres. Placing one or more magnets on the instrument is another typical technique for messing with instruments. The magnet causes the metre to rotate more slowly than expected, which lowers power expenses.

By messing with the cables running to the premises, utility users also steal power from the electric utility. By connecting cables from the metre wire side or input straight to the load side or output of the metre, many utility customers bypass the metre within the metre housing. Additionally, some customers just reach the overhead power line on or close to the property with a fishhook or other similar tool to get around the metre and its metre. While other clients excavate underground power lines on their land to access these power lines directly.

In one prior art solution (WO2017126273A1), a power-theft detection apparatus and program are disclosed. The theft detection device calculates a contract height for each contract type based on a correlation between the contract type of the power supply contract and the stealing current value calculated by the theft power calculation unit.

In another prior art solution (WO2016181693A1), an electric energy calculation system is disclosed. The power amount calculation system calculates a statistical value of power consumption in the distribution area using each watt hour meter installed in the distribution area to which power is supplied by an electric power company.

However, there are few systems available that detects the power theft, but unable to prevent it. Furthermore, the available systems are not able to detect theft practiced using hook. In the view of the forgoing discussion, it is clearly portrayed that there is a need to have an internet of things-based power management system and method for secured and uninterrupted power service.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure seeks to provide a system and method for providing uninterrupted power services and reducing power requirements and network costs associated with detecting and reporting power theft on a micro power grid.

In an embodiment, an internet of things-based power management system for secured and uninterrupted power service is disclosed. The system includes a network mesh connected to establish a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes consisting at least one electric meter for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter enables two-way communication between the electric meter and the distribution line.
The system further includes a cloud server coupled to the network mesh connected to the plurality of distribution nodes and a utility grid for collecting real time power distribution information from utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh.
The system further includes a central processing unit connected to the cloud server for determining a power theft upon comparing instantaneous current of the electric meter or a first distribution line with the threshold current value, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter or one or more distribution nodes from the plurality of distribution nodes, wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection.
The system further includes a plurality of control units mechanically coupled to each of the plurality of distribution nodes for shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal.
The system further includes a graphical user interface for displaying information of a first power distribution line in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line and displaying information of power theft, and faults.

In one embodiment, the bi-directional current and frequency data is collected over a period of time from a plurality of distribution nodes connected to individual ones of identified segments of the microgrids.

In one embodiment, in case of electric meter tapping, a pair of a first current transformer (CT1) and a second current transformer (CT2) are used one after the other inside the distribution junction and sub junction such that the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 are furnished to the control unit, wherein if in case the distribution line energy is more and sub junction electricity is much less, then a difference is detected among the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 thereby the control unit compares the voltages of CT1 and CT2 and if any considerable difference is observed, it disconnects the electricity immediately through the relay module.

In one embodiment, the central processing unit is connected with the system through a communication module for automation of the system, wherein the central processing unit is interfaced with machine learning technique to determine the power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and fault including wire/cable breakage and short circuit upon comparing the real time power distribution from utility grid with the collected bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh, wherein the bi-directional current and frequency data is collected over a period of time from a plurality of distribution nodes connected to individual ones of identified segments of the microgrids.

In one embodiment, the central processing unit determines the power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and fault including wire/cable breakage and short circuit upon comparing the real time power distribution from utility grid with the collected bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh.

In one embodiment, a plurality of relay module coupled to the plurality of control units for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes of the first power distribution line upon receiving one or more power cut signal.

In one embodiment, each control unit is configured for resetting a plurality of packet transmission hop counts between the plurality of distribution nodes on each of the individual ones of identified segments and resetting the time period interval between subsequent power theft check routines for each of the individual ones of identified segments.

In one embodiment, the graphical user interface displays a color having the power theft indicator associated with each of the electric meters to indicate a power theft probability associated with each power theft indicator using a difference between the electric meter data of a power consumer and the power delivered to that power consumer.

In one embodiment, the control unit is trained with a machine learning technique for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes even when disconnected with the central processing unit to prevent power theft and power wastage when one or both of the current and frequency of the one or more plurality of distribution nodes changes instantaneously than a threshold value.

In one embodiment, the threshold value is automatically set by interpreting real time power distribution information from utility grid and bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh, wherein the control unit is wirelessly connected with the cloud server through a communication module for receiving the interpreting real time power distribution information and bi-directional current and frequency data.

In one embodiment, the control unit turns on a secondary power distribution line for providing uninterrupted power distribution to the power consumer upon detecting the fault in the first power distribution line, wherein the control unit generates an electricity bill with a power theft alert signal, which is displayed on the graphical user interface when power theft is practiced in between two network meshes through a hook system to prevent the power theft manually.

In one embodiment, the relay is connected to an interrupt pin of a driver, such that closed switch applies 12Volts to the interrupt pin and opened relay drives the voltage to zero, wherein the relay module normally closed when there is no fluctuation in current, and if power theft is practiced, the switch gets opened and an interrupt pin gets triggered as 0Volts is sensed by it.

In another embodiment, an internet of things-based power management method for secured and uninterrupted power service is disclosed. The method includes establishing a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes consisting at least one electric meter through a network mesh for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter enables two-way communication between the electric meter and the distribution line. The method further includes collecting real time power distribution information from a utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh using a cloud server. The method further includes determining a power theft upon comparing a power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter or one or more distribution nodes from the plurality of distribution nodes by employing a central processing unit, wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection. The method further includes shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal upon deploying a plurality of control units. The method further includes displaying information of a first power distribution line in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line and displaying information of power theft, and faults through a graphical user interface.

An object of the present disclosure is to reduce power requirements and network costs associated with detecting and reporting power theft on a micro power grid.

Another object of the present disclosure is to locate and communicate power theft in a power distribution system.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide uninterrupted power services to avoid power cut due to wire/cable breakage and short circuit.

Yet another object of the present invention is to deliver an expeditious and cost-effective internet of things-based power management system and method for secured and uninterrupted power service.

To further clarify advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of an internet of things-based power management system for secured and uninterrupted power service in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of internet of things-based power management method for secured and uninterrupted power service in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 3 illustrates an architecture of an internet of things-based power management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 4 illustrates a circuit diagram of a meter tapering circuit using the power management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Figure 5 illustrates a circuit diagram of a smart electric meter theft prevention in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, a block diagram of a system for analyzing Tamil tweets into positive and negative sentiment is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 includes a network mesh 106 connected to establish a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes 104 consisting at least one electric meter 102 for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter 102 enables two-way communication between the electric meter 102 and the distribution line 118.

In an embodiment, a cloud server 108 is coupled to the network mesh 106 connected to the plurality of distribution nodes 104 and a utility grid for collecting real time power distribution information from utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh 106.

In an embodiment, a central processing unit 110 is connected to the cloud server 108 for determining a power theft upon comparing instantaneous current of the electric meter or a first distribution line 118 with the threshold current value, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter 102 or one or more distribution nodes 104 from the plurality of distribution nodes 104, wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection.

In an embodiment, a plurality of control units 112 are mechanically coupled to each of the plurality of distribution nodes 104 for shutting off the one or more specific electric meter 102 and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes 104 in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal.

In an embodiment, a graphical user interface 114 is coupled to the plurality of control units 112 and the cloud server 108 for displaying information of a first power distribution line 118 in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line 118 and displaying information of power theft, and faults.

In one embodiment, the bi-directional current and frequency data is collected over a period of time from a plurality of distribution nodes 104 connected to individual ones of identified segments of the microgrids.

In one embodiment, the central processing unit 110 determines the power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and fault including wire/cable breakage and short circuit upon comparing the real time power distribution from utility grid with the collected bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh 106.

In one embodiment, a plurality of relay module 116 coupled to the plurality of control units 112 for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter 102 and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes 104 of the first power distribution line 118 upon receiving one or more power cut signal.

In one embodiment, each control unit is configured for resetting a plurality of packet transmission hop counts between the plurality of distribution nodes 104 on each of the individual ones of identified segments and resetting the time period interval between subsequent power theft check routines for each of the individual ones of identified segments.

In one embodiment, the graphical user interface 114 displays a color having the power theft indicator associated with each of the electric meters 102 to indicate a power theft probability associated with each power theft indicator using a difference between the electric meter data of a power consumer and the power delivered to that power consumer.

In one embodiment, the control unit is trained with a machine learning technique for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter 102 and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes 104 even when disconnected with the central processing unit 110 to prevent power theft and power wastage when one or both of the current and frequency of the one or more plurality of distribution nodes 104 changes instantaneously than a threshold value.

In one embodiment, the threshold value is automatically set by interpreting real time power distribution information from utility grid and bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh 106, wherein the control unit is wirelessly connected with the cloud server 108 through a communication module for receiving the interpreting real time power distribution information and bi-directional current and frequency data.

In one embodiment, the control unit turns on a secondary power distribution line 120 for providing uninterrupted power distribution to the power consumer upon detecting the fault in the first power distribution line 118, wherein the control unit generates an electricity bill with a power theft alert signal, which is displayed on the graphical user interface 114 when power theft is practiced in between two network meshes 106 through a hook system to prevent the power theft manually.

In one embodiment, the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit thereby resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft thereby resulting confirmation of power theft detection, wherein in case of electric meter tapping, a pair of a first current transformer (CT1) and a second current transformer (CT2) are used one after the other inside the distribution junction and sub junction such that the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 are furnished to the control unit, wherein if in case the distribution line energy is more and sub junction electricity is much less, then a difference is detected among the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 thereby the control unit compares the voltages of CT1 and CT2 and if any considerable difference is observed, it disconnects the electricity immediately through the relay module.

In one embodiment, the central processing unit 110 is connected with the system through a communication module 408 for automation of the system, wherein the central processing unit 110 is interfaced with machine learning technique to determine the power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and fault including wire/cable breakage and short circuit upon comparing the real time power distribution from utility grid with the collected bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh, wherein the bi-directional current and frequency data is collected over a period of time from a plurality of distribution nodes 104 connected to individual ones of identified segments of the microgrids.

In one embodiment, the relay module 116 is connected to an interrupt pin of a driver, such that closed switch applies 12Volts to the interrupt pin and opened relay module 116 drives the voltage to zero, wherein the relay module 116 normally closed when there is no fluctuation in current, and if power theft is practiced, the switch gets opened and an interrupt pin gets triggered as 0Volts is sensed by it.

Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of internet of things-based power management method for secured and uninterrupted power service in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. At step 202, the method 200 includes establishing a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes 104 consisting at least one electric meter 102 through a network mesh 106 for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter 102 enables two-way communication between the electric meter 102 and the distribution line 118.

At step 204, the method 200 includes collecting real time power distribution information from a utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh 106 using a cloud server 108.

At step 206, the method 200 includes determining a power theft upon comparing instantaneous current of the electric meter or a first distribution line with the threshold current value, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter 102 or one or more distribution nodes 104 from the plurality of distribution nodes 104 by employing a central processing unit 110, wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection.

At step 208, the method 200 includes shutting off the one or more specific electric meter 102 and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes 104 in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal upon deploying a plurality of control units 112.

At step 210, the method 200 includes displaying information of a first power distribution line 118 in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line 118 and displaying information of power theft, and faults through a graphical user interface 114.

In one embodiment, the hook system based power theft can be prevented by observing the exact theft location on the graphical user interface 114 thereby removing the hook manually, wherein the manual removing of hook is necessary in case the hook is stucked where there in no relay module 116 nearby the hook.

Figure 3 illustrates an architecture of an internet of things-based power management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network mesh 106 establish a wired or a wireless connection within the plurality of distribution nodes 104a, 104b… 104n and 104n+1 for paid and unpaid consumers for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments. The network mesh 106 may include a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LAN and the like. The paid distribution nodes are 104a, 104b… 104n and unpaid distribution node is 104n+1.

In another embodiment, the plurality of electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n connected to the power consumers 302a, 302b…, 302n those are paying electricity bills.

In another embodiment, the theft consumer 304 is a consumer who is performing electricity theft by hook or any other means.

In one embodiment, the cloud server 108 collects real time power distribution information from utility grid and collects bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh 106 and stores in dataset, wherein the dataset information is updated in course of time.

In one embodiment, the central processing determines the power theft upon comparing a power theft event frequency, power theft current information with a threshold value. The central processing determines the fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and thereafter generates one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n, which is tracked with a power theft or fault.

In one embodiment, the plurality of control units 112a, 112b…, 112n are coupled to the relay for shutting off the one or more specific electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal. The control unit 112 is solely capable of turning off the one or more distribution nodes temporarily in case of fault detection. However, when the control unit 112 turns off the electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n, the central processing unit 110 is informed about the same.

In another embodiment, the plurality of control units 112a, 112b…, 112n controls each of the relay modules116a1, 116b1…,116n1 and 116a2, 116b2…,116n2.

In another embodiment, the control unit 112 is further configured to determine a probability that power at each of the plurality of kilowatt-hour meters 102a, 102b… 102n is stolen by adding the number of points from each power theft indicator associated with each respective electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n.

In one embodiment, the graphical user interface 114 displays information of the first power distribution line 118 in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line 118 and displays information of power theft, and faults. The graphical user interface 114 displays a first color if there is a first power theft probability, a second color if a second power theft probability exists, a third color if a third power theft probability exists, and a fourth color if there is a fourth probability of power theft.

In another embodiment, an identical first power distribution line 118 from a plurality of first power distribution lines 118a, 118b… ,118n is coupled to the electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n and controlled through a relay module 116a1, 116b1…,116n1 respectively for cutting off the connection in case of theft and fault detection.

In another embodiment, an identical second power distribution line 120 from a plurality of first power distribution lines 120a, 120b… , 120n is coupled to the electric meters 102a, 102b… 102n and controlled through a relay module 116a2, 116b2…,116n2 respectively for turning on the connection in case of theft and fault detection in first power distribution lines 120a, 120b… , 120n.

In another embodiment, the graphical user interface 114 displays each probability as a color selected according to a likelihood of theft of power at each of the plurality of meters 102a, 102b… 102n.

In another embodiment, the bi-directional current and frequency data is processed to remove minor current and frequency change data and no current and frequency change data using a filter to speed up the processing time.
In another embodiment, the transmission of collected data between the meters 102a, 102b… 102n, the distribution nodes, and the cloud server 108 is performed wirelessly.
Figure 4 illustrates a circuit diagram of a meter tapering circuit using the power management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the circuit first, a power supply 406 i.e., IC LM2596, is coupled to the system to provide a constant 5v DC output, that is used to power 16*2 LCD 402, control unit 112, and the relay module 116. Data pins of the LCD display 402 are connected to digital pins of the control unit 112 (pin-6,7,8 & 9) which is used as output pins. The communication unit 408 is also interfaced with the control unit 112 through digital pins 2 and 3.
In one embodiment, a buzzer 404 is connected to pin 11 of the control unit 112 which functions in case of theft. The relay 116 is used to trip the load in case of theft, this is connected to pin 10 of the control unit 112. Two energy meters 102a, 102b are used one is named as master energy meter and other as a house energy meter. These meters 102a, 102b are connected to pins A0 and A1(Analog input pins) of control unit 112 through PC817(optocoupler). The Optocoupler’s input terminals are connected to calibration LED of Energy meter and output is connected to pins A0 & A1 to avoid internal short circuit.
Figure 5 illustrates a circuit diagram of a smart electric meter theft prevention in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit comprises a digital energy meter module 102 that is connected to an AT89C51 low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller 502 with 40 pins, a highly reliable 24 MHz oscillator, 4 KB of flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM), 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial The AT89C51 502 also features two software configurable power saving modes and static logic allowing operating down to zero frequency.
In another embodiment, CPU is turned off in idle mode, but the RAM, timers and counters, serial port, and interrupt system are still operational. Power-down Mode preserves the RAM data but stops all other chip operations by freezing the oscillator until the subsequent hardware reset. General I/O and LCD analogue output may be provided via PIN P0.0-P0.7, P1.0-1.7, P2.0-P2.7, and P3.0-P3.7. The first pin of the 16-pin LCD 402 is grounded, the second pin is linked to the power supply, and the third pin will be connected to a variable pot to regulate the LCD's contrast.
In another embodiment, the microcontroller pins P2.7, P2.6, and P2.5 are linked to the LCD control pins RS, R/W, and EN, respectively. The LCD data lines are connected to port P0. The pins for ALE, PSEN, and EA are left alone. Because the micro-software controller's needs clock pulses at a frequency of 12MHz, which are produced by a crystal oscillator with a 33PF grounding capacitance, the crystal oscillator is linked to the micro-XTAL2 controller's and XTAL1 pins. To interface the Smart Card Reader module, the RX (P3.0) and TX (P3.1) are connected to the 12 and 11 pins of the MAX 232 serial communication via a DB9 connector. From this smart card, data regarding the amount is fed to the micro controller, which activates and begins to take data from the 4N35 optocoupler. The number of units spent is counted with the aid of the counted pulses that are created from the optocoupler by the microcontroller P3.2, which is coupled to the IRLED digital energy metre via optocoupler.
In another embodiment, when a unit is consumed, the IR rays that strike the optocoupler drive the transistor base linked to P3.2, which in turn causes the IR LED to blink. The micro-controller 502 counts the quantity while concurrently checking the smart card reader to see if the card is present. The micro-controller 502 reads the total number of bought units from the smart card, and for each unit used, the value of the remaining units is decreased by one. When the smart card's units reach zero, the microcontroller 502 signals the relay to turn off the whole supply to the energy metre. The transistor serves as the conduit connecting the P2.0 to the relay. The microcontroller's pins 40 (Vcc) and 20 (GND) are linked to ground and a 5 V power source, respectively. The micro-C-Language controller's software will be run by pushing the reset pin, which is connected to the 9th pin. As a result, the micro controller 502 receives information from the energy metre and SLE4428 card reader and also manages the system's overall power supply.
The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims. , Claims:1. An internet of things-based power management system for secured and uninterrupted power service, the system comprises:
a network mesh connected to establish a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes consisting at least one electric meter for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter enables two-way communication between the electric meter and the distribution line;
a cloud server coupled to the network mesh connected to the plurality of distribution nodes and a utility grid for collecting real time power distribution information from utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh;
a central processing unit connected to the cloud server for determining a power theft upon comparing instantaneous current of the electric meter or a first distribution line with the threshold value, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter or one or more distribution nodes from the plurality of distribution nodes;
wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection;
a plurality of control units mechanically coupled to each of the plurality of distribution nodes for shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal; and
a graphical user interface for displaying information of the first power distribution line in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line and displaying information of power theft, and faults.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in case of electric meter tapping, a pair of a first current transformer (CT1) and a second current transformer (CT2) are used one after the other inside the distribution junction and sub junction such that the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 are furnished to the control unit, wherein if in case the distribution line energy is more and sub junction electricity is much less, then a difference is detected among the output voltages of CT1 and CT2 thereby the control unit compares the voltages of CT1 and CT2 and if any considerable difference is observed, it disconnects the electricity immediately through the relay module.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is connected with the system through a communication module for automation of the system, wherein the central processing unit is interfaced with machine learning technique to determine the power theft event frequency, power theft current information, and fault including wire/cable breakage and short circuit upon comparing the real time power distribution from utility grid with the collected bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh, wherein the bi-directional current and frequency data is collected over a period of time from a plurality of distribution nodes connected to individual ones of identified segments of the microgrids.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of relay module coupled to the plurality of control units for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes of the first power distribution line upon receiving one or more power cut signal.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relay module is connected to an interrupt pin of a driver, such that closed switch applies 12Volts to the interrupt pin and opened relay drives the voltage to zero, wherein the relay module normally closed when there is no fluctuation in current, and if power theft is practiced, the switch gets opened and an interrupt pin gets triggered as 0Volts is sensed by it.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each control unit is configured for resetting a plurality of packet transmission hop counts between the plurality of distribution nodes on each of the individual ones of identified segments and resetting the time period interval between subsequent power theft check routines for each of the individual ones of identified segments.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface displays a color having the power theft indicator associated with each of the electric meters to indicate a power theft probability associated with each power theft indicator using a difference between the electric meter data of a power consumer and the power delivered to that power consumer.

8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit is trained with a machine learning technique for automatically shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes even when disconnected with the central processing unit to prevent power theft and power wastage when one or both of the current and frequency of the one or more plurality of distribution nodes changes instantaneously than a threshold value, wherein the threshold value is automatically set by interpreting real time power distribution information from utility grid and bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh, wherein the control unit is wirelessly connected with the cloud server through a communication module for receiving the interpreting real time power distribution information and bi-directional current and frequency data.

9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit turns on a secondary power distribution line for providing uninterrupted power distribution to the power consumer upon detecting the fault in the first power distribution line, wherein the control unit generates an electricity bill with a power theft alert signal, which is displayed on the graphical user interface when power theft is practiced in between two network meshes through a hook system to prevent the power theft manually.

10. An internet of things-based power management method for secured and uninterrupted power service, the method comprises:
establishing a connection within a plurality of distribution nodes consisting at least one electric meter through a network mesh for collecting bi-directional current and frequency data distributed to one or more client demarcation points on identified segments, wherein the electric meter enables two-way communication between the electric meter and the distribution line;
collecting real time power distribution information from a utility grid and collecting bi-directional current and frequency data from each network mesh using a cloud server;
determining a power theft upon comparing instantaneous current of the electric meter or a first distribution line with the threshold current value, and determining a fault including a wire/cable breakage and short circuit and generating one or more power cut signal for one or more specific electric meter or one or more distribution nodes from the plurality of distribution nodes by employing a central processing unit, wherein the instantaneous current peak increases abruptly in case of short circuit, resulting the fault detection whereas the instantaneous current peak decreases in case of power theft resulting confirmation of power theft detection;
shutting off the one or more specific electric meter and cutting off power of the one or more distribution nodes in case of fault detection upon receiving one or more power cut signal upon deploying a plurality of control units; and
displaying information of a first power distribution line in a graphical and tabular related to power flow within the first power distribution line and displaying information of power theft, and faults through a graphical user interface.