The present invention relates to the smart energy generation. More particularly present invention relates to an improved the IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit for effective grid feed control.
PRIOR ART
[002] Generating electricity is easier than ever. Drastic price decline in the last decade, combined with policy incentives for rooftop systems, have allowed consumers to install solar system on their rooftop. However, given that it is expensive to store electricity, systems are often connected to the grid so that surplus can be exported to the grid and deficit can be imported from the grid. Two arrangements are often defined by governments when designing the regulations for solar rooftop system - Gross and Net metering.
[003] Reference may be made to the following citations:-
[004] Indian patent No. 884/DEL/2011 discloses an improved solar grid hybrid subsystem which controls the charging of the external batteries or charge storage device either through solar power available through the PV panels or power backup system by controlling the input power flow into power backup system. User can configure the solar grid hybrid subsystem and set the priority of the source of the power as per requirement. Solar grid hybrid subsystem controls the battery charging through solar or grid power or both and AC and DC load simultaneously.
[005] This system does not includes lithium ion battery for storage. The present system includes the battery management system integrated in the inverter for managing the lithium ion battery charging and is useful for electric vehicle charging.
-2-

6] US Patent No. 7145265B2 discloses hybrid power system has i voltage sources, a variable DC power source, and a second power Tee, connected through selection components to a common node. ; variable DC power source may be a solar power source and the ond source may be an AC grid. The selection components, e.g. eking diodes, SCRs, or relays, allow one or both of the sources to connected to the node depending on the voltages produced by the Lrces. This invention has a solar DC power source and a second ver source such as an AC power supply. It does not allows setting r priority.
7] WO2017019302A1 discloses methods, systems, and computer dable media for monitoring photovoltaic solar systems. The tern includes a solar power measurement input for coupling to a ar panel system, a measurement circuit configured to measure ver produced by the solar panel system using the solar power asurement input, and a data transmission system.
8] AU2017271591B2 discloses integrated metering device allows 'source provider to control the output of a distributed generation ice onto a resource distribution network or grid. The integrated :ering device may include a communications module, a metrology iule, an inverter and regulator device, and a transfer switch.
9] US20070282495 discloses method for calculating power liable for sale from an electric vehicle to an electric power market a grid includes determining maximum DC power available from electric vehicle; determining an electrical conversion efficiency ited to a conversion of DC power from the electric vehicle to AC rer; accounting for a time period in which the DC power is ilable from the electric vehicle; and calculating the power ilable for sale from the electric vehicle.

[010] US20130076140 discloses systems and methods for coordinating selective activation of a multiplicity of emergency power generation equipment over a predetermined geographic area for distribution and/or storage to supply a microgrid of electrical power for a substantially similar geographic area.
[Oil] US8509954B2 discloses system and method migrating virtualized environments. According to an aspect of the disclosure, a home energy management system and method includes a database configured to store site report data received from a plurality of residential sites using a wireless home energy network at each site. Each residential site includes a thermostat accessible to the wireless home energy network.
[012] Publication no. CN209282850 discloses a vehicle-mounted lithium ion battery energy storage system for engineering. The vehicle-mounted lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises a battery system, a bidirectional inverter, a soft starter, a high-voltage control box and a vehicle-mounted 12V power supply, and a battery management system BMS is arranged in the high-voltage control box. And the battery system is connected with the high-voltage control box through the bidirectional inverter and the soft starter to form an alternating-current charging or discharging circuit.
[013] CN106505730 relates to a battery power supply management system, which comprises a battery state monitoring module, a power conversion module and a control module, wherein the control module controls the power conversion module according to battery data collected by the battery state monitoring module and storage battery pack data and a power supply bus state collected by the power conversion module, so that a storage battery pack is

controlled to discharge a power supply bus through the power conversion module when a DC power supply system connected with the power supply bus is broken, or the power supply bus is controlled to charge the storage battery pack through the power conversion module when the DC power supply system is normal and the storage battery pack is in a non-full state, or the power conversion module is in a standby hot backup state when the DC power supply system is normal and the storage battery pack is in a full state.
[014] CN111934375 provides a novel lithium ion storage battery with a battery management system to solve the problem that an existing lead-acid storage battery cannot be started due to the fact that an automobile is not used after being placed for a short time and power of the storage battery is insufficient.
[015] US2020223318 discloses systems and method manage battery charging of a battery of an electric vehicle. The system can include a battery management system. The battery management system can receive current battery characteristics and conditions. Based on the battery characteristics and conditions, the battery management system can select a charging profile from a plurality of charging profiles. Based on the selected charging profile, the battery management system can set a rate for charging the battery.
[016] US2020016989 discloses single, internally adjustable modular battery systems, for handling power delivery from and to various power systems such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, solar systems, grid-scale battery energy storage systems, home energy storage systems and power walls. Batteries comprise a main fast-charging lithium ion battery (FC), configured to deliver power to the electric vehicle, a supercapacitor-emulating fast-

charging lithium ion battery (SCeFC), configured to receive power and deliver power to the FC and/or to the EV and to operate at high rates within a limited operation range of state of charge (SoQ. respective module management systems, and a control unit. Both 5 the FC and the SCeFC have anodes based on the same anode active material and the control unit is configured to manage the FC and the SCeFC and manage power delivery to and from the power system(s), to optimize the operation of the FC.
[017] CN106505730 discloses a battery power supply management
0 system, which comprises a battery state monitoring module, a power conversion module and a control module, wherein the control module controls the power conversion module according to batten-data collected by the battery state monitoring module and storage battery pack data and a power supply bus state collected by the
5 power conversion module, so that a storage batten' pack is controlled to discharge a power supply bus through the power conversion module when a DC power supply system connected with the power supply bus is broken, or the power supply bus is controlled to charge the storage battery pack through the power
0 conversion module when the DC power supply system is normal and the storage batten- pack is in a non-full state, or the power conversion module is in a standby hot backup state when the DC power supply system is normal and the storage battery pack is in a full state. The battery power supply management system can be
5 suitable for power supply management of a lithium-ion batten' pack; the application security and the intelligent degree of lithium batteries are improved; and the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
[018] CN102496991 provides a backup lithium ion battery pack 0 management method and a management system. The method

comprises the following steps: real-time data sampling, running state identification and electric quantity estimation, intelligent charging management and discharging management, self-discharge
power consumption management, heating management, alarm and 5 security protection. The cell management system comprises a power
supply unit, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a micro control
unit (MCU), a state indication unit, an equalization unit, a heating
unit, a switch unit and a communication unit.
[019] CN103580084 discloses an indoor distributed system integral 10 switch power source and a power supply method of the indoor distributed system integral switch power source. Firstly, an external connection high-voltage direct current is input in a direct current-direct current rectifier module, alternating current commercial power is input in an alternating current-direct current rectifier 15 module, a plumbic acid/lithium-ion two-in-one charging management system monitoring unit is used for starting a plumbic acid storage battery charging management 'process or an iron lithium battery charging management process according to the types of storage batteries, then staring a cross coupling shielding system 0 and finally conducting outputting.
[020J US Publication No. 2010019577 relates to the solar power kits
for uninterruptible power supplies and related methods. The
uninterruptible power supply includes a power bus, mains circuitry
configured to rectify electrical energy received from a mains supply
system into rectified electrical energy and to provide the rectified
electrical energy to a power bus of the uninterruptible power supply,
photovoltaic circuitry configured to convert solar energy into
converted electrical energy and to provide the converted electrical
energy to the power bus, a battery system configured to receive
electrical energy from the power bus to charge a battery of the

battery system and to discharge electrical energy to the power bus, an inverter configured to provide electrical energy from the power bus to the load, and a controller configured to monitor the photovoltaic circuitry and to implement at least one operation of the uninterruptible power supply using the monitoring.
[021] US2010060229 discloses portable PV modular solar generator. Plurality of wheels are attached to the bottom of a rechargeable battery container. At least one rechargeable battery is contained inside the rechargeable battery container. A power conditioning panel is connected to the rechargeable battery container. At least one photovoltaic panel is pivotally connected.
[022] Publication No. JP2009016785 is directed to the solar photovoltaic portable generation unit which is always easy to carry. The system comprises a case main body and a lid body of the case house solar panels. A battery which is charged with power generated by the respective solar panels, a controller for controlling the charge to the battery and an inverter for converting the power charged to the battery into an alternating current to feed the alternating current to the outside are fixed to the inside of the case main body. The case main body is provided with a receptacle for power supply electrically connected to the inverter and a handle for carrying the case. The solar panel is fixed to the case main body while covering the battery, the controller and the inverter.
[023] Publication No. CN1070290 pertains to the multifunctional controller for solar electric generating equipment which is composed of photovoltaic silicon array, automatic charge regulator circuit, automatic distribution circuit, automatic power supply controller circuit, voltage-stabilizing circuit, DC output and protecting circuit, alarm circuit, lagging battery treating and emergency power supply,

inversion circuit, two sets of battery, casing, panel and rear cover. The electric energy output from solar photovoltaic silicon array is fully and reasonably stored in battery sets in a certain manner and the battery set is controlled to continuously supply stabilized DC 5 voltage to load.
[024] US Patent No. 7,072,194 discloses a power conversion system adapted to provide continuous power to single or multiple phase AC loads when fed from separate DC and single or multiple phase AC sources.
10 [025] US Patent No. 7,479,774 discloses an automatic control, electronics, DC-DC conversion, DC-AC conversion and energy technology, specifically, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system being used in power grid.
[026] Publication No. CN201194333 is directed to a novel solar 15 energy photovoltaic grid-connected system.
[027] US Publication No. 20100208501 relates to management of power transfer from a local power source to a load that is tied to a utility power grid.
[028] US Publication No. 20100246230 discloses a solar 20 photovoltaic source feeding into an enhanced DC-DC power converter providing a smoothed DC output to a photovoltaic DC-AC inverter that may perhaps ultimately interface with a grid.
[029] The article entitles "Power converter solutions and controls for green energy" by Vijay K. Sood, Haytham Abdelgawad, in Distributed 25 Energy Resources in Microgrids, 2019 talks about Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems which are increasingly attracting the attention of industry and academia as a means of providing an alternative to conventional fossil-fuel generation. In grid-connected
Q

PV systems, a key consideration is the design and operation of power converters and how to achieve high efficiency for different power configurations. The requirements for converter connection include: maximum power point, high efficiency, control power injected into 5 the grid, and low total harmonic distortion of the currents injected into the grid. Consequently, the performance of the inverters connected to the grid depends largely on the control strategy applied. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of power converter topologies and control structures for grid-connected PV systems
) [030] The article entitles "On Grid-Interactive Smart Inverters: Features and Advancements" by Behrooz Mirafzal, and Aswad Adib, d August 28, IEEE ACCESS, 2020 talks about grid-interactive inverters, in which self-governing feature can be identified as the capability of inverters to operate in grid-following and grid-forming
5 control modes, where the self-adapting is referred to as more flexibility realized by adaptive controllers for stable dynamics of inverters under various grid conditions. Moreover, for supervisory control and economic dispatch in a grid with high-penetration of inverter-based power generators, a minimum communication might
) be necessary, but it can place grid-interactive inverters in danger of being hacked when self-security becomes essential to identify malicious setpoints. Furthermore, the self-healing is defined as fault-tolerance and stress reduction under abnormal conditions. It suggests that after realizing these features, an inverter is called a smart inverter. In this paper, the advancements toward achieving these features for grid-interactive inverters are reviewed.
[031] For grid feed a meter is needed to be installed which is provided by the government and during excess power the electricity is feeded continuously to the grid through inverter. The meter senses the current flowing through it and store the value of total consumption

according to the net flow of current. The meter runs forward during export or import and increases the meter reading for the export as well. Hence during daytime, most of the loads are in off-stage and excess energy generating by solar system will send back to the grid (Export). Hence electricity bill is increased and charging extra for your export. Hence there needed a backup system which can also monitor and control the grid feed as per the need and reduce the cost.
[032] In order to overcome above listed prior arts, the present invention provides the IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit for effective grid feed control. The system monitors the meter and never let it go to the zero position. As soon as it is approaching zero, the backup system lowers the wattage so that the power may not go to grid. Thus backup system is controlling the grid supply and power usage which reduces the electricity bill and hence provides cost saving.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[033] The principal object of the present invention is to provide IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem implemented with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit for effective grid feed control.
[034] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system which is configured for use with existing power backup systems with photovoltaic circuitry and its control of power utilization
[035] Still another object of the present invention is to provide IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem is implemented with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit to control the grid feed supply which communicates with the single side meter which senses the

current flowing through it and store the value of total consumption according to the net flow of current.
[036] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem is implemented with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit to control the grid feed supply which helps in reducing electricity bill.
[037] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a cost effective and efficient power backup systems for grid feed which is useful for electricity saving.
I SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[038] Accordingly the present invention the IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem implemented with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit with grid feed control. The system is configured for use with existing power backup systems with photovoltaic circuitry > and its control of power utilization.
[039] In an embodiment the system monitors the meter and never let it go to the zero position. As soon as it is approaching zero, the backup system lowers the wattage so that the power may not go to grid. Thus backup system is controlling the grid supply and power ) usage which reduces the electricity bill and hence provides cost saving.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
[040] Further objects and advantages of this invention will be more apparent from the ensuing description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and wherein:

[041] FIG. 1 shows block diagram according to the present invention.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING:
5 [042] Reference may be made to fig. 1, wherein the IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit with grid feed control. The system is configured for use with existing power backup systems with photovoltaic circuitry and its control of power utilization.
10 [043] The system comprises a wifi enabled (2) single side meter (1) to communicate with the IoT server characterized in that sensor on meter to sense the excessive power reading wherein the sensor senses the excessive power and communicates it to the power backup system. The solar grid hybrid subsystem includes at least
15 one photovoltaic panels (3), a DC-to-DC converter coupled with the photovoltaic panels (4), contactor and interface circuitry configured to couple with a power bus of power backup system (5) with battery management system which is a part of charging control and is controlled by the control unit of the backup system for managing
20 lithium ion battery bank (6) and monitoring the voltage, charging and discharging of the battery. An additional output port connects the system with IoT server which generates control signal related to the backup system (5). The meter senses the direction of flow of current and sends the data to the backup system (5) using IoT based
25 communication media (2). The backup system controller either switches the inverter off or reduces the wattage at the meter or to charge the battery accordingly.
[044] The surplus power from the photovoltaic array is feeded to the grid or used to charge the battery or to run the electrical load

connected at the output of the power backup system by controlling the input mains power flow to backup system. The battery can be charged through the backup system or directly through the solar grid hybrid subsystem.
[045] Accordingly the system monitors the meter and never lets it go to the zero position. As soon as it is approaching zero, the backup system lowers the wattage so that the power may not go to grid. Thus backup system is controlling the grid feed supply which will reduce the electricity bill.
[046] The backup system includes battery management system which is a part of charging control and is controlled by the control unit of the backup system for managing lithium ion battery bank and monitors the voltage, charging and discharging of the battery.
[047] The user terminal is in communication terminal used by backup system, for example, a mobile communication terminal capable of voice communication, data communication, and Internet communication, PDA, smart phone, tablet PC, personal computer (PC), etc. may include. The user terminal performs various functions through communication with the server.
[048] The external user interface is provided so that the user can defines the priority of the available source of power such as but not limited to the grid, solar batteries or charge storage device and controls the charging of the batteries from grid or solar power or both and AC and DC load simultaneously using Internet of things (IoT).
[049] This system of the present invention comprises at least three energy sources: the photovoltaic DC source, which supplies energy when available; the battery, which acts as energy storage, accepting energy from the photovoltaic source or the AC grid during

emergency; and the AC grid, which provides energy either to charge the battery or supply to loads.
[050] The system of the present invention involves a solar photovoltaic source feeding into solar grid hybrid subsystem providing a smooth and uniform DC output to a battery/charge storage device connected with power backup system. Ultimately, the power backup system inverts the DC and creates an AC output which is established as an input to a domestic electrical system or some other power consuming device.
[051] The system allows power from the utility grid when the sunlight is insufficient to generate enough electricity to power all the electrical loads. In this case, the power from the utility grid is used to supply power to the electrical loads and to recharge the battery. The system can also operate independently from the grid.
[052] It is to be noted that the present invention is susceptible
to modifications, adaptations and changes by those skilled in
the art. Such variant embodiments employing the concepts and
features of this invention are intended to be within the scope of
the present invention, which is further set forth under the
following claims.

WE CLAIM-
1. An IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic
power generation and backup unit with grid feed control
comprises a wifi enabled (2) single side grid meter (1) to
communicate with the IoT server characterized in that sensor on
meter to sense the excessive power reading wherein the sensor
senses the excessive power and communicates it to the power
backup system, at least one photovoltaic panel (3), a DC-to-DC
converter coupled with the photovoltaic panels (4), contactor and
interface circuitry configured to couple with a power bus of power
backup system (5) with battery management system which is a
part of charging control and is controlled by the control unit of
the backup system for managing lithium ion battery bank (6) and
monitoring the voltage, charging and discharging of the battery,
battery management system, output port to connect the system
with IoT server which generates control signal related to the
backup system characterized in that the meter senses the
direction of flow of current and sends the data to the backup
system (5) using IoT based communication media (2) and backup
system controller either switches the inverter off or reduces the
wattage at the meter or to charge the battery accordingly.
2. The IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit with grid feed control as claimed in claim 1, if the system is configured for use with existing power backup systems with photovoltaic circuitry and its control of power utilization.
3. The IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit with grid feed control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system monitors the meter and

never let it go to the zero position and as soon as it is approaches zero, the backup system lowers the wattage so that the power may not go to grid.
4. The IoT based solar grid hybrid subsystem with photovoltaic power generation and backup unit with grid feed control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surplus power from the photovoltaic array is feeded to the grid or used to charge the battery or to run the electrical load connected at the output of the power backup system by controlling the input mains power flow to backup system.