Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of a communication antenna, and in specific, relates to a metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Designing antennas for mobile applications presents significant challenges due to the complex requirements and constraints involved. With the anticipated advent of sixth-generation (6G) communications, there is a strong belief that internet connectivity will experience substantial improvements compared to current fifth-generation (5G) networks. The forthcoming 6G technology promises to deliver ultra-low latency and extremely high downloading speeds, addressing the escalating demand for ultra-high-speed connectivity and elevated data rates. Consequently, 6G is poised to exert a transformative impact on wireless communication. Antennas are integral to the field of wireless communications, serving as the critical interface between transmitting and receiving devices.
[0003] In recent years, microstrip patch antennas have undergone significant advancements, becoming a focal point of research and development. These antennas are highly favored due to their planar structure, which makes them low-profile, cost-effective, and lightweight. Among the various configurations of microstrip patch antennas, circular and rectangular shapes are the most prevalent due to their efficient design and ease of fabrication. The performance and functionality of these antennas can be further enhanced through different feeding techniques. The most common feeding methods for microstrip patch antennas include inset feed, aperture coupled, coaxial feed, and proximity coupled feed. However, traditional microstrip patch antennas has a low gain and narrow bandwidth.
[0004] In existing technology, an E-shaped DGS microstrip patch antenna for Wi-Max application is known. The E-shaped DGS microstrip patch antenna having a circular slot on the ground for C-band frequency range application such as satellite TV network, Wi-Max networks. The antenna is designed with commercially available FR-4 substrate having 4.4 dielectric constant and 1.6mm thickness. The resonating frequency range of 5.3 – 6.3GHz is achieved with simple structure having the size of 30(L) x 30(W) mm2. However, the E-shaped DGS microstrip patch antenna does not reduce the mutual coupling challenges.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that reduces the mutual coupling challenge, thereby enhancing overall antenna efficiency. There is also a need for the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments. Further, there is also a need for the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that achieves optimal performance metrics like voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient.
Objectives of the invention:
[0006] The primary objective of the invention is to provide a metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments.
[0007] Another objective of the invention is to provide the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna with a circular-shaped metamaterial that improves radiation and diversity performance.
[0008] The other objective of the invention is to provide the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna having an E-shaped defective ground structure (DGS) to minimize the mutual coupling effect in antenna arrays.
[0009] Yet another objective of the invention is to provide the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that resonates at two distant frequencies within the 6G range (around 11.24 GHz and 14.74 GHz) with good gain and radiation characteristics.
[0010] Further objective of the invention is to provide the metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that achieves optimal performance metrics like voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient.
Summary of the invention:
[0011] The present disclosure proposes an optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna for 6G applications. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0012] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments.
[0013] According to an aspect, the invention provides an optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna for 6G applications. In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, an umbrella-shaped metamaterial, a pair of circular-shaped members and an E-shaped member. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna utilizes a gazelle optimizing technique to enhance antenna performance in 6G applications. In one embodiment herein, the dielectric substrate having a top face and a bottom face. The dielectric substrate is a fabricated with a Roger’s 4350 substrate material. In one embodiment herein, the umbrella-shaped metamaterial is positioned at the top face of the dielectric substrate.
[0014] In one embodiment herein, the pair of circular-shaped members is positioned beneath the left and right sides of the umbrella-shaped metamaterial. In addition, each circular-shaped member is configured to enhance gain and antenna performance. The each circular-shaped member comprises an outer circular member and an inner circular member. The outer circular member acts as an inductor and the inner circular member acts as a capacitor. The pair of circular-shaped members are fabricated with a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR).
[0015] In one embodiment herein, the E-shaped member is positioned at the bottom face of the dielectric substrate. The E-shaped member is configured to mitigate the mutual coupling effect, thereby enhancing overall antenna efficiency. The E-shaped member is fabricated with a defective ground structure (DGS). In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna comprises a feeding member that is positioned to the dielectric substrate of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna. The feeding member enables to connect with external devices and configured to emit and receive the radio waves.
[0016] In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna having dimensions of 30 x 25 x 1.524 mm3. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna operates at a frequency that ranges between 7 to 20 GHz. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna resonates at the frequency that ranges between 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna achieves the gain between 3.6 dB and 5.4 dB. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna achieves a directivity between 4.1 dB and 5.2 dB.
[0017] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of an optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0020] FIG. 1B illustrates a top view of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0021] FIG. 1C illustrates a bottom view of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit diagram the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates a graphical representation of a reflection coefficient of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates a graphical representation of a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates a graphical representation of an axial ration of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 6A illustrates a pictorial representation of a directivity of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 11.2356 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0027] FIG. 6B illustrates a pictorial representation of a directivity of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 14.7378 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0028] FIG. 7A illustrates a pictorial representation of an E-plane of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 11.2356 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0029] FIG. 7B illustrates a pictorial representation of the H-plane of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 11.2356 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0030] FIG. 7C illustrates a pictorial representation of an E-plane of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 14.7378 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0031] FIG. 7D illustrates a pictorial representation of the H-plane of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 14.7378 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0032] FIG. 8A illustrates a pictorial representation of a gain of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 11.2356 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0033] FIG. 8B illustrates a pictorial representation of a gain of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 14.7378 GHz, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates a graphical representation of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0035] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.
[0036] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna that improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments.
[0037] Several limitations were identified in the existing antenna research analysis. The antenna parameters were not properly optimized, resulting in suboptimal performance, the absence of metamaterial elements led to reduced gain; high mutual coupling was observed, exacerbated by the lack of a defected ground structure (DGS). There is a need for improving the antenna performance by incorporating metamaterials. Existing research explores designs both with and without metamaterials, as well as various ground structures. However, these metamaterial-based antennas offer a superior solution for achieving better gain.
[0038] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 1A-1C refers to an optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 for 6G applications. In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 comprises a dielectric substrate 102, an umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104, a pair of circular-shaped members (106A) and an E-shaped member 112. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 utilizes a gazelle optimizing technique to enhance antenna performance in 6G applications. In one embodiment herein, the dielectric substrate 102 having a top face and a bottom face. The dielectric substrate 102 is a fabricated with a Roger’s 4350 substrate metamaterial, which enhances the bandwidth and radiation characteristics of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. In one embodiment herein, the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 is positioned at the top face of the dielectric substrate 102.
[0039] In one embodiment herein, the pair of circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) is positioned beneath the left and right sides of the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104. In addition, each circular-shaped member (106A, 106B) is configured to enhance gain and antenna performance. The each circular-shaped member (106A, 106B) comprises an outer circular member 108 and an inner circular member 110. The outer circular member 108 acts as an inductor and the inner circular member 110 acts as a capacitor. The pair of circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) are fabricated with a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR).
[0040] In one embodiment herein, the circular-shaped member (106A, 106B) is positioned on the dielectric substrate 102 to improve its performance. The inner and outer circular member (108, 110) represents a parallel connection of metamaterials. In refractive index analysis, the circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) improve the gain more effectively than other metamaterials. The current flows through a transmitting ring generated by the magnetic field. The gaps between the rings form the capacitance values, and the capacitive reactance equals the inductive reactance size.
[0041] In one embodiment herein, the E-shaped member 112 is positioned at the bottom face of the dielectric substrate 102. The E-shaped member 112 is configured to mitigate the mutual coupling effect, thereby enhancing overall antenna efficiency. The E-shaped member 112 is fabricated with a defective ground structure (DGS). In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 comprises a feeding member 114 that is positioned to the dielectric substrate 102 of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. The feeding member 114 enables to connect with external devices and configured to emit and receive the radio waves.
[0042] In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 having dimensions of 30 x 25 x 1.524 mm3. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 operates at a frequency that ranges between 7 to 20 GHz. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 resonates at the frequency that ranges between 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 achieves the gain between 3.6 dB and 5.4 dB. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 achieves a directivity between 4.1 dB and 5.2 dB. The dielectric substrate 102 having a thickness of at least 0.508 mm.
[0043] In one example embodiment herein, the a 3D rectangular dielectric substrate 102 is fabricated with dimensions of 30 x 25 x 1.524 mm³, selected based on specific dielectric constant and loss tangent values. An umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 is then designed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate (102), while an E-shaped member 112 is placed on the bottom surface. Subsequently, a pair of circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) are positioned below the left and right sides of the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 and the feed line.
[0044] Subsequently, the feed member 114, which can include an SMA connector among other options, is attached to the feed line of the dielectric substrate 102. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 is then provided with the operating frequency, and the resonating frequency is selected. A high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to simulate the performance of the antenna. The obtained results are evaluated, and if satisfactory, the simulation process is concluded. If the results are not satisfactory, the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 must be redesigned.
[0045] In one embodiment herein, the dielectric substrate 102 of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 utilizes a dielectric constant of 3.66, loss tangent of 0.004 and thickness of 1.524 mm. The circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) are designed by following equations, such as

[0046] Where , the resonant frequency and substrate thickness is denoted as fr and h respectively. The effective dielectric constant is represented as:

[0047] The feed line’s length is represented as:

[0048] Where ?g is a guided wavelength. The width of the feedline can be evaluated by the following equation as

[0049] In one embodiment, the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 features a plurality of slots and a feed line designed to enhance the bandwidth and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna 100. Specifically, the plurality of slots includes, but is not limited to, circular and semicircular shapes. This configuration consists of one main circle, two mini-circles, and one semicircle. The radius of the main circle is at least 5.2 mm, while the radius of each mini-circle is at least 2.2 mm. The distance from the center of a mini-circle to the edge of the umbrella-shaped metamaterial 104 is at least 3.75 mm. The semicircle has a diameter of at least 13.4 mm. The feed line has a length of at least 11.14 mm and a width of at least 3 mm.
[0050] In one embodiment, the E-shaped member 112 includes at least one vertical slit and three horizontal slits. The vertical slit has a minimum length of 18 mm. The three horizontal slits are positioned equidistant from the vertical slit, with a distance of 6.75 mm between each horizontal slit. Specifically, the length and width of the first and third horizontal slits are 12 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. When aligned with the vertical slit, the effective length of the first and third slits is 10.5 mm. The length of the second horizontal slit is 8.5 mm. In one embodiment described herein, the radius of the inner circular member 110 is 2 mm from the center to the inner surface and 2.5 mm to the outer surface. For the outer circular member 108, the radius is 3 mm from the center to the inner surface and 3.5 mm to the outer surface. Each circular member (106A, 106B) has a distance of 0.5 mm between its ends.
[0051] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a circuit diagram 200 the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. In one embodiment herein, the gazelle optimization technique is employed to precisely tune the antenna parameters, resulting in improved gain for the proposed circular patch antenna 100. This gazelle optimization technique enhances various performance metrics, including gain and other critical parameters. In particular, it optimizes design aspects of the proposed antenna 100 such as the length, height of the patch, and the substrate material. The population initialization in gazelle optimization by initializing the candidate population of gazelles (Y), which is represented as

[0052] Here, the current candidate’s population is denoted as (Y), individual candidates population is denoted by yp,q for qth location and pth dimension. The total number of locations and dimensions considered are m and c. The mathematical representation of yp,q is

[0053] Here, rand represents the random number drawn uniformly from the interval (0, 1), the lower bound and upper bound of the problem is represented as Uq and Lq. The next step of the gazelle is identified using the Elite matrix, which is represented as

[0054] Here, the top gazelle vectors are denoted as y’p,q, which is replicated m times to construct the Elite matrix. This gazelle optimization contains Brownian motion and levy flight functions. fA(y;µ,s) represents the Brownian motion quantitatively as

[0055] When µ = 0 and s2 = 1the above equation becomes

[0056] The random walk that has been performed by the levy flight function, which is expressed as

[0057] Here, the flight length is denoted as yq. The power law exponent is represented as 1 < a = 2 and levy stable process expressed in the following equation as

[0058] Here, the distribution function is denoted as a, which controls the scale properties of the motion and the scale unit is represented as ?. The levy motion is mathematically expressed in the following equation as

[0059] Here,

[0060] The survival behavior of a gazelle is observed both when it is grazing without any predators and when it is running after being spotted by a predator. The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) includes two distinct phases: the exploitation phase and the exploration phase. During the exploitation phase, Brownian motion is utilized to thoroughly search the neighboring areas of the domain. The mathematical model of the behaviour is represented in the following equation as

[0061] Here, the solution of the next iteration and current iteration is denoted as and , the gazelle’s grazing speed and vector containing random numbers in the Brownian motion is denoted as t and the uniform random numbers in [0, 1] is represented as . The exploration phase uses the levy flight function is expressed in the following equation as

[0062] Here, a quick change in direction is µ, and the maximum speed that the gazelle can achieve is indicated by T. Random numbers based on Levy distribution are represented as . This equation represents the predator chasing the gazelle model quantitatively.

[0063] Here, the control movement of the parameter is denoted as

[0064] The predator success rate (PSR) is expressed in the following equation as

[0065] Here, the binary vectors are denoted as , it is created by creating a random number S in [0, 1] such that

[0066] The random indices of the gazelle are denoted by s1 and s2. During the initialization of algorithm parameters, t = [0, 1] can be set to a random value between 0 and 1 for each individual in the population or for specific parameters within the algorithm. The fitness function of the optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the antenna parameters, thereby enhancing the gain and other performance metrics of the antenna. In one embodiment herein, using this optimization strategy, the antenna’s parameters, including substrate thickness, height, and length, are optimized. These refined parameters are then applied to future designs to achieve better performance. By leveraging the strategy based on grazing speed and predator escape behavior, the antenna parameters are effectively optimized. In this context, the gazelle's behavior is considered to optimize the antenna parameters. Consequently, this optimization technique is employed to enhance the gain of the proposed circular patch antenna 100. The equivalent RLC (resistance, inductance, and capacitance) circuit for the proposed antenna 100 is depicted in FIG. 2.
[0067] In one embodiment herein, a 50O impedance is introduced into the port through a microstrip feed line, which functions as the radiating element of the proposed antenna 100. The alternating current voltage flows through the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) in the circuit. The CSRR circuit is configured as a parallel connection of an inductor and a capacitor. The outer circles serve as inductors while the inner circles function as capacitors, together forming an LC tank circuit. The current flows through all components of the proposed antenna 100, including the CSRR, feed line, and defected ground structure (DGS). This represents the overall equivalent circuit for the proposed antenna 100.
[0068] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 refers to a graphical representation 300 of a reflection coefficient of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. The reflection coefficient, often expressed in decibels (dB), quantifies the proportion of a signal that is reflected due to an impedance mismatch. A lower reflection coefficient indicates better impedance matching. Typically, a return loss value below -10 dB signifies good resonating performance in antennas.

[0069] The reflection coefficients of -17.1389 dB and -19.8039 dB at resonant frequencies of 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz, respectively through simulation. Furthermore, measurements revealed reflection coefficients of -22.43 dB and -21.34 dB at resonant frequencies of 11.167 GHz and 15.87 GHz, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed antenna consistently achieves reflection coefficients well below the -10 dB threshold at both resonant frequencies. This indicates excellent impedance matching and efficient signal transmission.
[0070] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4 refers to a graphical representation 400 of a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. In one embodiment herein, the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) values are crucial in assessing the performance of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 and its impedance matching with the transmission line. A lower VSWR indicates that the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 is well-matched to the transmission line, resulting in efficient power transmission. Conversely, a higher VSWR suggests greater power reflection and reduced transmission efficiency. For optimal performance, the VSWR should be within the range of 1 = VSWR = 2. The VSWR analysis of the proposed antenna 100 reveals the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage along the transmission line, indicating the presence of standing waves.

[0071] The simulated and measured VSWR results for the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 provide insight into its performance. According to the simulation, the VSWR reaches a peak value of 2.4306 dB at a resonant frequency of 11.2356 GHz and a value of 1.8196 dB at a resonant frequency of 14.7556 GHz. The measured results closely align with these simulated values, confirming the reliability and effectiveness of the antenna's design and optimization as depicted in FIG. 4.
[0072] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5 refers to a graphical representation 500 of an axial ration of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. In one embodiment herein, the X-axis represents frequency (GHz) and Y-axis represents axial ratio value (dB). The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 exhibits a remarkable axial ratio. In addition, the axial ratio is a crucial parameter that measures the polarization quality of an antenna, particularly its ability to maintain circular polarization. The axial ratio should be 1 dB, which indicates near-perfect circular polarization, signifying an optimal antenna design. The proposed antenna 100 not only aims to achieve this ideal axial ratio but also surpasses it in performance, demonstrating superior results in axial ratio analysis. This enhanced performance is attributed to the innovative integration of metamaterials, which effectively refine the antenna's electromagnetic properties, ensuring highly efficient and reliable operation in various communication applications.
[0073] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 6A-6B refer to pictorial representations (600, 602) of the directivity of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 at 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz. In one embodiment herein, the directivity plot at the resonance frequency of 11.2356 GHz reveals that the proposed antenna 100 achieves a directivity value of 4.1 dB as depicted in FIG. 6A. Additionally, an analysis of the antenna's performance at a higher frequency, specifically 14.7378 GHz, shows an increased directivity value of 5.2 dB as depicted in FIG. 6B. These results indicate that the proposed antenna 100 is capable of delivering enhanced performance metrics, including faster communication speeds due to the improved signal focus and strength. Furthermore, the ability to maintain high directivity across different frequencies and supports greater diversity performance, ensuring more reliable and robust communication by mitigating issues such as signal fading and interference.
[0074] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 7A-7D refer to pictorial representations (700,702, 704, 706) of E-plane and H-plane of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna at 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz. In one embodiment herein, a microwave anechoic chamber is a specialized testing environment designed to completely absorb reflections of electromagnetic waves. This chamber simulates free-space conditions by preventing external electromagnetic interference, allowing precise measurements of antenna characteristics. It is an ideal setting for examining an antenna's radiation pattern because it provides a controlled and reflection-free environment.
[0075] The radiation pattern of an antenna represents the distribution of radiated power as a function of direction around the antenna. This pattern is crucial for understanding how the antenna transmits or receives electromagnetic waves. Two main components of the radiation pattern are an E-plane (Electric field plane) and an H-plane (Magnetic field plane). The E-plane is essential for understanding the directional characteristics and strength of the electric field emitted by the proposed antenna 100. The H-plane is important for comprehensively understanding the antenna's radiation characteristics, including how it interacts with surrounding electromagnetic fields. Polarization refers to the orientation of the electric field of the radiated waves. The polarization can be divided into two types such as co-polarization and cross-polarization. The radiated wave aligns with the intended polarization of the antenna is known as the co-polarization. The radiated wave that is orthogonal to the intended polarization of the antenna is known as the cross-polarization.
[0076] In one embodiment herein, the antenna's performance is evaluated at specific resonant frequencies, where it operates most efficiently. The polar plot of the E-plane and H-plane at the resonant frequency of 11.2356 GHz as depicted in FIGs. 7A-7B. The polar plot of the E-plane and H-plane at the resonant frequency of 14.7378 GHz is depicted in FIGs. 7C-7D. The maximum radiation direction is consistent in both planes, which is crucial for ensuring that the antenna delivers its energy efficiently in the desired direction. The radiation waves assists in optimizing antenna 100 for specific applications, ensuring reliable communication and signal quality.
[0077] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 8A-8B refer to pictorial representations (800, 802) of the gain of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 at 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz. In one embodiment herein, the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 achieves a gain of 3.9 dB at 11.2356 GHz and 5.4 dB at 14.7378 GHz, demonstrating the amplification of signal strength at those frequencies as depicted in FIGs. 8A-8B. These gains are indicative of the antenna's ability to enhance signal transmission and reception. The proposed antenna 100 performs better in terms of diversity than other antennas that are already in use. The diversity of the proposed antenna 100 mitigates signal fading and improve reliability compared to existing antenna designs.
[0078] According to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 9 refers to a graphical representation 900 of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100. In one embodiment herein, the radiation intensity and current flow in areas with the proposed antenna 100 is explained by the surface current distribution. It also implies that the antenna’s patch area has the ability to generate radiation resonance frequency as depicted in FIG. 8. In one embodiment herein, the parameters of the proposed antenna 100 such as reflection coefficient and impedance are determined by using a smith chart. In addition, the smith chart is used to determine the reflection coefficient and impedance along the transmission line. For two different frequencies such as 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz, it can attain magnitude of 0.1390 and 0.1023 at angle of 172.6383 and 179.5837. Based on this performance analysis, the proposed antenna model can outperform other existing models in terms of results and diversity.
[0079] For two distinct frequencies, namely 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz, the proposed antenna 100 can achieve magnitudes of 0.1390 and 0.1023 at angles of 172.6383 and 179.5837, respectively. This performance analysis suggests that the proposed antenna 100 outperforms existing models in terms of both results and diversity. The proposed antenna 100 meets the standard values for all parameters, including return loss, VSWR, and axial ratio. The proposed antenna 100 is linearly polarized, achieving infinite values in the axial ratio analysis.
[0080] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, an optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna for 6G applications is disclosed. The proposed metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 improves gain and bandwidth, thereby enhancing performance in complex communication environments. The proposed metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 with a circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) that improves radiation and diversity performance. The proposed metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna 100 achieves optimal performance metrics like voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient.
[0081] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I / We Claim:
1. An optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100), comprising:
a dielectric substrate (102) having a top face and a bottom face;
an umbrella-shaped metamaterial (104) positioned at the top face of the dielectric substrate (102);
a pair of circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) positioned beneath the left and right sides of the umbrella-shaped metamaterial (104), wherein the each circular-shaped member (106A, 106B) is configured to enhance gain and antenna performance; and
an E-shaped member (112) positioned at the bottom face of the dielectric substrate (102), wherein the E-shaped member (112) is configured to mitigate the mutual coupling effect, thereby enhancing overall antenna efficiency,
whereby the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) utilizes a gazelle optimizing technique to enhance antenna performance in 6G applications.
2. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein dimensions of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) is 30 x 25 x 1.524 mm3.
3. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) operates at a frequency that ranges between 7 to 20 GHz.
4. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the each circular-shaped member (106A, 106B) comprises:
an outer circular member (108) acts as an inductor; and
an inner circular member (110) acts as a capacitor.
5. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) resonates at the frequency that ranges between 11.2356 GHz and 14.7378 GHz.
6. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) achieves the gain between 3.6 dB and 5.4 dB.
7. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) achieves a directivity between 4.1 dB and 5.2 dB.
8. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (102) is a fabricated with a Roger’s 4350 substrate material.
9. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pair of circular-shaped members (106A, 106B) are fabricated with a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), wherein the E-shaped member (112) is fabricated with a defective ground structure (DGS).
10. The optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100) comprises a feeding member (114) positioned to the dielectric substrate (102) of the optimized metamaterial-based microstrip patch antenna (100), wherein the feeding member (114) enables to connect with external devices and configured to emit and receive the radio waves.