Claims:We Claim:

1. An organic composition to treat the soil and reduce soil resistivity of an earthing system, the composition comprises:
a. a chemical fly ash, in the range of 40%; and
b. a chemical bentonite, in the range of 60%.
2. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the organic composition is an amorphous light brown colored powder and is odorless in nature.
3. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the organic composition is partially miscible in water.
4. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the organic composition reduces the soil resistivity and enhance earthing system.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical fly ash aids in spreading carbon intended to absorb moisture in the soil and retains moisture in the soil.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical fly ash aids in spreading salts intended to maintain ions for conduction of electrical charges in the earth pit.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical bentonite expands several folds by absorbing water and aids in maintaining ions for electrical conduction of the charges in the soil, absorbs moisture from atmosphere and surroundings and retains the moisture in the soil.
, Description:Preamble to the Description
[001] The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Technical field of the invention
[002] The present invention discloses an organic composition to treat the soil and reduce soil resistivity of an earthing system. More particularly, the invention relates to an organic composition to enhance the earthing systems
Background of the invention
[003] Electrical Safety earthing or a grounding is a mechanism employed to dispose undesired and unwanted electrical charge to the earth or sent back to its source via earth mass, the transfer of charge may be due to earth faults at low frequency, high frequency noise, or transients (lightning or switching impulses).
[004] The earthing systems provide a drain path to all kinds of faults that develops in an electrical system comprising of power circuits, control circuits etc. The nature of these faults is varied with respect to frequency, amplitude and time. A proper earthing system protects the apparatus and the personnel from high voltage surges and lighting discharges. Therefore, a prerequisite for any electrical installation is designing an earthing system to handle all such faults effectively.
[005] Generally, an earthing system’s installation consists of an elaborate system of earth grid comprising of earth rods of electrodes, tapes or strips and pipes that are connected to the electrical resistance property of the surrounding ground. This helps to absorb and dissipate the fault currents from the carrier grid to the earth mass. The main intent of an earthing system is to protect from voltage fluctuation such as an over voltage or an under voltage and further prevent any form of damage to the electrical appliance as well as to the personnel operating the appliance under such fault current flow.
[006] The effectiveness of any earthing system is highly affected by the surrounding environment, mainly the properties of the soil, a low resistance is required to prevent high potential gradient in the event of earth fault currents of reasonably high values. However, ideal soil conditions may not exist in real practices. Difficulties such as shallow, rocky, highly acidic or alkaline soil and dry upper layer soils are most common in real life earthing practices. Areas where soil resistivity of the earth mass is high, the penetration of the charges into the earth is poor as the soil resists flow of electricity, further the resistivity depends on various factors such as soil composition, moisture, temperature etc., as soil is not a homogenous composition. Earthing in the region of high soil resistivity leads to high concentration of charges in the vicinity of the earth grid and creates high voltage. The presence of high voltage in the vicinity of the grid and its neighboring area is a matter of concern and a serious hazard to the safety of human life and livestock. Therefore, a need to reduce the soil resistivity and to enhance the earthing system is of utmost importance while establishing an earthing system.
[007] The available systems to detect faulty earthing systems and methods to provide earthing systems are disclosed in the following prior arts:
[008] The Patent Application No. US20060125486A1 titled “System and method of locating ground fault in electrical power distribution system” discloses a method for locating a ground fault in an electrical power distribution system. The method includes providing a plurality of current sensors at a plurality of locations in the electrical power distribution system for detecting a ground fault. The current is monitored at a plurality of locations in the electrical power distribution system by means of the current sensors, also a test signal is introduced into the electrical power distribution system through a test signal generating device. The pluralities of locations are monitored to locate the ground fault between a location at which the test signal is detected and a downstream location where the test signals is not detected.
[009] The Patent Application No. CN2457752Y titled “Earthing device for high soil resistivity area” discloses a utility model relating to an earthing device for a high soil resistivity area relevant to safety protecting device in a power system. The utility model comprises a flat earthing net composed of sliver-shaped rigid metal conductors connected vertically and horizontally, and the rigid metal electrodes are arranged at the lower parts of nodes at four corners of the flat earthing net and extends into the foundation holes. The foundation holes are filled with a low conducting medium with a definite pressure. The model is provided with an earthing resistor to satisfy the requirements of the specification of the electricity industry. The earthing device is a safety protecting facility built on a power station, a transformer substation and an electric network in a high soil resistivity area.
[0010] The Patent Application No. CN102492202A titled “Intumescent grounding reinforcing agent and preparation method” discloses an intumescent grounding reinforcing agent, which comprises modified starch super water absorbent resin, a polyvinyl intumescent resin, meshes of cryptocrystalline graphite powder, meshes of crystalline flake graphite powder, a calcium-magnesium-based bentonite and aluminum silicate cement. The intumescent grounding reinforcing agent is particularly suitable for grounding projects of power system power transmission tower poles in the geological environment with high soil resistivity and the extreme drought geological environment.
[0011] The publication entitled “Electrical earthing in troubled environment” by Siow Chun Lim et al. discusses the practical challenges of electrical earthing in both steady and transient state. Suitable solutions are proposed analyzing the cases based on theoretical and practical aspects. Less complicated cases are approached with various electrode configurations such as multiple ring, antenna, crow-foot and centipede arrangements. Areas having extremely high resistivity in the soil, an earthing arrangement treated with backfill materials are suitable. Clay based backfill materials such as bentonite-mix reduces the soil resistivity and provides protection for the electrodes in highly acidic, alkaline, saline and sulfur-rich environments from corrosion and erosion. Transmission and communication towers are better approached with concrete-based earthing systems in both cases of power and lightning protection earthing. The suitability of vertical and horizontal electrode components as well as copper and steel electrodes under various soil conditions is considered.
[0012] The publication entitled “Research and applications of ground enhancing compositions in grounding systems” by Vasilios P. Androvitsaneas et al. discusses the operation and the behavior of grounding systems defined by some fundamental parameters such as the rate of change in soil resistivity, the type and the size of grounding systems. The continuous improvement in designing these systems guarantees the maximum safety of people and electrical facilities. The usage of ground enhancing compositions (GECs) for soil improvement and decreasing the ground resistance value has become more popular in electric power systems and in electric railway. The study provides an overview of researches carried out on GECs. It includes computational and experimental work on these materials, both at steady-state and under impulse conditions. The study also refers to international standards that specify the requirements and tests for GECs producing low resistance of a ground termination system.
[0013] Hence, there is a need for an earthing system which provides a drain path to all kinds of faults that may develop in an electrical system and to design a better earthing system with a fundamental concern for effective reduction of the soil resistivity of the earth without leaching any harmful substance to the surrounding soil.
Summary of the invention
[0014] The present invention discloses an organic composition to treat the soil and reduce soil resistivity of an earthing system. The invention utilizes the organic composition to entrap ions for trapping moisture in the soil to achieve reduction in the soil resistivity.
[0015] The organic composition comprises of a chemical fly ash in the range of 40% and a chemical bentonite in the range of 60%. The organic composition exhibits properties of an ionic chemical, a dispersion chemical, and an expansion chemical and is of hygroscopic nature. The ionic property of the organic composition aids in creating ions for easy conduction of electrical charges in areas with high soil resistivity. The dispersion property aids in spreading the salts and the carbon in the earth pit. The salts maintain the ions required for quick conduction of the electrical charge in the soil, while carbon maintains moisture and enhances conductivity of the soil. The expansion nature of bentonite, wherein bentonite swells or expands to several folds of its dry size by absorbing water from the surrounding earth and removes entrapped air in the soil. The hygroscopic nature results in absorbing and retaining the atmospheric and surrounding moisture in the soil. Wherein, the organic composition is involved in reducing the soil resistivity and provides better earthing systems for draining the electrical faults.
[0016] Thus, the present invention discloses an environmentally friendly, a non-hazardous organic composition to reduce soil resistivity and provides an enhanced earthing system to drain electrical faults. Further, the organic composition does not leach any harmful substances to the surrounding soil and also doesn’t allow soil to corrode the conducting materials.
Detailed description of the invention
[0017] In order to make the matter of the invention clear and concise, the following definitions are provided for specific terms used in the following description.
[0018] The term “soil resistivity” refers to the measure of resistance offered by the soil to the flow of electricity.
[0019] The term “earthing” refers to a method of transmitting the electrical discharge directly to the ground or the earth using low resistance electrical cables or wires. The electrical wire removes the overflow of current and allows it to flow through the earth.
[0020] The present invention discloses an organic composition to treat the soil and reduce soil resistivity of an earthing system. The invention utilizes the organic composition to entrap ions for trapping moisture in the soil to achieve reduction in the soil resistivity.
[0021] The organic composition is an amorphous light brown colored powder, odorless and is partially miscible in water. The organic composition comprises mixture of a chemical fly ash in the range of 40% and a chemical bentonite in the range of 60%.
[0022] The organic composition entraps ions for trapping moisture in the soil, and reduces the soil resistivity. The organic composition has properties of an ionic chemical, a dispersion chemical, and an expansion chemical and is hygroscopic in nature.
[0023] The ionic property of the organic composition aids in creating ions for easy conduction of electrical charges in areas with high soil resistivity. The dispersion property of the organic composition aids in dispersing or spreading the salts and carbon in the earth pit, wherein the salts maintain the ions required for quick conduction of the electric charge in the soil, while carbon maintains moisture and enhances conductivity of the soil. The expansion property of the organic composition, wherein the chemicals in the organic composition expands or swells to several folds of its dry size by absorbing water from the surrounding soil and removes entrapped air. The hygroscopic nature of the organic composition results in absorbing and retaining the atmospheric and surrounding moisture in the soil. Further, the organic composition helps in reducing the soil resistivity and provides better earthing systems for draining the electrical faults.
[0024] The chemical fly ash exhibits low resistivity, dispersion and ionic properties, and also is hygroscopic in nature. The ionic property of the chemical fly ash aids in creating ions for easy conduction of electrical charges in the soil. The dispersion property of the chemical fly ash aids in spreading carbon and salt equally in the soil. The salts maintain the ions required for conduction of electrical charge in the soil while carbon maintains moisture and enhances the conductivity of soil. Further, the hygroscopic nature of the chemical fly ash aids in absorbing and retaining atmospheric and surrounding moisture in the soil.
[0025] The chemical bentonite exhibits an expansion and ionic properties, and also is hygroscopic in nature. The expansion nature of the chemical bentonite helps in removing entrapped air, by expanding or swelling in mass up to 18-20 times by absorbing water from the surrounding soil. The ionic property of the chemical bentonite aids in maintaining ions for easy conduction of electrical charges in the soil. Further, the hygroscopic nature of the chemical bentonite aids in absorbing atmospheric and surrounding moisture and retains the moisture in the soil.
[0026] The organic composition does not leach any harmful substances to the surrounding and also does not allow soil to corrode the conducting materials. Hence, the invention discloses an environment friendly, non-hazardous organic composition to reduce soil resistivity and to provide a better earthing system to drain electrical faults.