1]The invention relates to relates to a rechargeable lithium battery including the negative electrode active material, and it has a high output characteristic.
[2]This application claims priority based on the Korea Application No. 10-2017-0035600, filed on March 21, 2017, and all information disclosed in the specification of that application is hereby incorporated in the present application.
BACKGROUND
[3]
This is amplified interest in rising prices of energy resources, environmental pollution caused by the depletion of fossil fuels, there is a need for an environmentally friendly alternative sources of energy being essential factors for the future life.
[4]
Mobile phones, camcorders and notebook PC, furthermore there is a commitment to research and development of electrochemical devices embodied as applications are increasingly extended to the electric vehicle energy.
[5]
The electrochemical device is a field most attention in this respect. Particularly, development of rechargeable secondary batteries is the new electrode in order to improve capacity density and specific energy of as has been the focus of attention, in recent years, the development of these cells and it is proceeding with research and development for the design of the battery.
[6]
In particular, when the lithium secondary battery, in recent years, electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), a micro hybrid vehicle (u-HEV) is realization the power source used as such, and grid power assisting through (Grid) Chemistry is also used in applications such as power domain has been expanded.
[7]
Micro hybrid vehicle is a partially type that uses a secondary battery, so use 12V dual or secondary battery of 48V being developed are being advanced in the direction that requires a higher output performance.
[8]
On the other hand, lithium titanium oxide (Lithium titanium oxide) is close to almost 100% efficiency in the initial charging and discharging cycle, because the operation voltage is high is formed coating the surface of the negative electrode by the electrolyte decomposition reaction, the application as a high-power cathode material for forward it is.
[9]
Thus, the application of the lithium titanium oxide is essential or at least 20C in order to implement the high-speed charge-discharge characteristics, a lithium titanium oxide previously used has a problem that can not satisfy its output.
[10]
Thus, the development of a lithium titanium oxide negative electrode material that can be applied to a hybrid vehicle field that requires high output characteristic is still needed.
Detailed Description of the Invention
SUMMARY
[11]
Therefore, object of the present invention, may be used in a battery having a high output characteristic, to provide a negative active material of the manufacturing process easier.
[12]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery having the negative electrode active material.
Problem solving means
[13]
According to one aspect of the present invention to achieve the above object, there is provided a negative active material of example to implement.
[14]
The first embodiment is,
[15]
As a negative electrode active material comprising a lithium titanium oxide particles,
[16]
The average particle size of the lithium titanium oxide particles is 0.5 ㎛ ㎛ to 9 (D50), 4 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 under a pressure of a specific surface area, and a 64 MPa / g having a pellet density of 1.7 g / cc,
[17]
Relates to a negative electrode active material the lithium titanium oxide represented by the following general formula (1):
[18]
Formula 1
[19]
It x Ti y O z M you
[20]
(Wherein, M is Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and a mixture of one or two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Zn, 0.5≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5, 2≤z≤12 , 0≤w <0.1 a).
[21]
The second embodiment is the first embodiment,
[22]
Wherein the lithium titanium oxide particle having a primary particle and to a negative electrode active material at least one kinds selected from the group consisting of secondary particles made of the primary particles.
[23]
The third embodiment is characterized in that, in the second embodiment,
[24]
Wherein the primary particles and the average particle diameter of 0.2 ㎛ ㎛ to 1.2 (D50), 5 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 relates to a cathode active material having a specific surface area / g.
[25]
The fourth embodiment is, in the second embodiment or third embodiment,
[26]
Relates to the first negative electrode active material particles have a pellet density of 1.7 g / cc to about 1.82 g / cc under pressure of 64 MPa.
[27]
The fifth embodiment is characterized in that, in the second embodiment,
[28]
Wherein the secondary particles have an average particle size of 2 to 9 ㎛ ㎛ (D50) and, 3 m 2 / g to 4.9 m 2 relates to a cathode active material having a specific surface area / g.
[29]
The sixth embodiment is, in the second embodiment or the fifth embodiment,
[30]
Relates to the second negative electrode active material particles have a pellet density of 1.75 g / cc to about 1.85 g / cc under pressure of 64 MPa.
[31]
The seventh embodiment is, in the second embodiment to the sixth implementation of any of the embodiments of the examples,
[32]
The lithium titanium oxide particles and the primary particles and a mixture of primary particles, wherein the weight ratio of the primary particles and the secondary particles 1: 6 relates to the negative electrode active material: 9 to 4.
[33]
Eighth embodiments, in the first embodiment to the seventh implementation of any of the embodiments of the examples,
[34]
The lithium titanium oxide is Li 0 . 8 Ti 2 . 2 O 4 , Li 2 . 67 Ti 1 . 33 O 4 , Li 1 . 33 Ti 1 . 67 O 4 , Li 1 . 14 Ti 1 . 71 O 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiTi 2 O 4 , and Li 2 TiO 3 relates to a cathode active material at least one member selected from the group consisting of.
[35]
The ninth embodiment is, in the first embodiment to which one embodiment of the eighth embodiment,
[36]
The carbonaceous material in the negative electrode active material; The metal (Me) Si, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; Alloys consisting of the metals (Me); Oxide (MeOx) in the metal (Me); And to a negative electrode active material further comprises a metal (Me), and any of the active material particles or a mixture of two or more of them selected from the group consisting of a composite of the carbon.
[37]
According to one aspect of the present invention to achieve the above object, there is provided an embodiment implementing a lithium secondary battery.
[38]
A tenth embodiment is,
[39]
A negative electrode comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode active material comprising a positive active material, and a separator, and an electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode,
[40]
The negative electrode active material is related to the first embodiment to ninth embodiments implementing any of the negative electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery of Example.
Effects of the Invention
[41]
According to one embodiment of the present invention, by using the negative electrode active material is obtained by controlling the average particle diameter (D50), a specific surface area (BET), and the range of pellet density of the particles, the capacity retention rate at a high rate is improved, the initial capacity this is ensured, it can be applied to a car battery requiring high power, such as a micro-cell hybrid.
Mode for the Invention
[42]
Hereinafter, it will be described in detail with respect to the present invention. Prior to this, the specification and are should not be construed as limited to the terms or general and dictionary meanings used in the claims, the inventor accordingly the concept of terms to describe his own invention in the best way that on the basis of the ability to define principle interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, the configuration shown in the examples and figures disclosed herein are in not intended to limit the scope of the present merely nothing but the embodiment most preferred embodiment of the present invention invention, a variety that can be made thereto according to the present application point It should be understood that there are equivalents and modifications.
[43]
Negative electrode active material according to an aspect of the invention,
[44]
As a negative electrode active material comprising a lithium titanium oxide particles,
[45]
The average particle size of the lithium titanium oxide particles is 0.5 ㎛ ㎛ to 9 (D50), 4 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 under a pressure of a specific surface area, and a 64 MPa / g having a pellet density of 1.7 g / cc,
[46]
To the lithium titanium oxide is an anode active material represented by Formula 1:
[47]
Formula 1
[48]
It x Ti y O z M you
[49]
(Wherein, M is Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and a mixture of one or two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Zn, 0.5≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5, 2≤z≤12 , 0≤w a <0.1)
[50]
In addition, the lithium titanium oxide, spinel (spinel), perovskite (perovskite), and the orthorhombic form, but can have one or more of the crystal structure (orthorhombic), but are not limited to:
[51]
The lithium titanium oxide may, for example, Li 0 . 8 Ti 2 . 2 O 4 , Li 2 . 67 Ti 1 . 33 O 4 , Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4 , Li 1 . 14 Ti 1 . 71 O 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiTi 2O 4 and Li 2 TiO 3 , and the like, and more particularly the excellent spinel structure less the change in the crystal structure during charge and discharge Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 1 . 33 Ti 1 . 67 O 4 or LiTi 2 O 4 may be. But it is not limited to these.
[52]
According to one embodiment, the lithium titanium oxide (LTO) is may be in the form of a lithium titanium oxide primary particles, these have a primary particle may be a secondary form of particles formed by a plurality of aggregation, these 1 It may be a mixture in the form of primary particles and secondary particles.
[53]
Also, according to one embodiment of the invention, the lithium titanium oxide has a glass lithium titanium oxide primary particles are not aggregated in addition to the lithium titanium oxide secondary particle may contain a small amount, but may be composed of substantially of secondary particles.
[54]
According to one embodiment of the invention, the lithium titanium oxide is used as the negative electrode active material is particularly the secondary particles in the form of the lithium titanium oxide has a total lithium titanium oxide to 100 wt.% Of 60 wt% or more contained in the negative electrode, or 70 % or more, or 80 wt%, or 90 wt%, or 95% or more by weight or 99% by weight may be greater than or equal to.
[55]
According to one embodiment of the invention, when the lithium titanium oxide (LTO), lithium titanium oxide first mixture in the form of primary particles and secondary particles, the weight ratio of the primary particles and the secondary particles is from 1: 9 to 4: 6 , particularly from 1: 9 to 3: 7 can work. When the above weight ratio satisfies this range, it may be possible to apply high-power battery conformity to a predetermined density for the pellet.
[56]
Lithium titanium oxide particles in the present invention have a 0.5 ㎛ to 9 ㎛ average particle diameter (volume-based average particle diameter, D50) of, specifically 2 ㎛ to 8 ㎛, more particularly have an average particle size of 3.5 ㎛ to 7.5 ㎛ can.
[57]
In particular, when the lithium titanium oxide particles having a primary particle, D50 of the primary particle may be 0.2 to 1.2 ㎛ ㎛, specifically 0.4 ㎛ to 0.7 ㎛. In addition, when the lithium titanium oxide particles having a secondary particle D50 of the secondary particles may be 2 to 9 ㎛ ㎛, particularly 3.5 to 8.2 ㎛ ㎛. This volume-based mean particle diameter D50 in the means particle diameter of the particles equal to 50% of the total volume if the cumulative volume from the smaller particles to measure the particle diameter with a particle size analyzer.
[58]
The primary particles and the secondary particles may be in the form of spherical or similar to spherical, each independently, a term similar to a spherical herein, such as amorphous can not be specified in the form as having a three-dimensional volume which includes the oval all to include the particles of the form.
[59]
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer is to be the porous structure of a large number of pores are present, such a porous structure according to the shape of a number of lithium titanium oxide particles, as described for e.g. It may result from one or more of the features.
[60]
The lithium titanium oxide secondary particles have a porous structure in which a plurality of pores formed in the inner surface and the body of the secondary particle by a plurality of pores formed between the agglomerated primary particles. In addition, the lithium titanium oxide primary particles may have a porous structure in which a plurality of primary pores are formed on the surface and inside the particle body. The pores are there connected to each other with one or more other pores adjacent may function as a passage of the electrolyte. Thus it formed in the pores inside the particles that are connected to each other to have a function as the moving passage of the electrolyte.
[61]
Lithium titanium oxide particles in the present invention is 3 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 having a specific surface area / g, particularly 3.5 m 2 / g to 6.5 m 2 / g, more particularly 4 m 2 / g to 6.3 m 2 may have a specific surface area / g.
[62]
This, rate characteristics when the specific surface area of the lithium titanium oxide particles satisfy this range it is possible to ensure excellent high output.
[63]
In particular, when the lithium titanium oxide particles, the primary particles, the primary surface area of the particles is 5 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 / g, particularly 6 m 2 / g to 6.5 m 2 could be / g have. Further, the above-mentioned lithium titanium oxide particles, the secondary when the particle surface area of the secondary particles is 3 m 2 / g to 4.9 m 2 / g, particularly 3.5 m 2 / g to 4.8 m 2 may be a / g . Here, the specific surface area was measured by BET specific surface area analysis equipment (Brunauer Emmett Teller, BET).
[64]
The pellet density (rolled density) as compared to if I can be rolled when the rolling how the negative active material, there is an advantage that the higher the rolling density can increase the energy density of the cell. The number of the rolling is low density high particle strength, and small particles may be less the content of the (primary particles).
[65]
Rolling the density measurement of the negative electrode active material is, for example, Mitsubishi cake can be measured using a powder resistivity meter MCP-PD51 of bikal (Mitsubishi chemical). For the powder resistance measuring device into the negative electrode active material particles in a certain amount of cylinder-type load cells (load cell) exerts a force in a continuous, one to determine the density wherein the particles nulrimyeonseo measured. The larger the particle strength is less incorrectly pressed at the same pressure, and may receive low density is rolled, the rolling density may increase if the lithium titanium oxide particles of a suitable amount of small particle size exists.
[66]
Lithium titanium oxide particles in the present invention under the environment of 64 MPa pressure 1.7 g / cc has a more pellet density, under the environment of 64 MPa pressure 1.7 g / cc to about 1.85 g / cc, more particularly 1.74 g / cc to 1.82 g / It may have a pellet density of cc.
[67]
In particular, when the lithium titanium oxide particles having a primary particle, a pellet density of the secondary particles under the environment of 64 MPa pressure 1.7 g / cc to about 1.82 g / cc, particularly, 1.72 g / cc to about 1.78 g / cc days can. Further, the above-mentioned lithium titanium oxide particles can be secondary when the particle pellet density of the secondary particles under the environment of 64 MPa pressure 1.75 g / cc to about 1.85 g / cc, particularly, 1.76 g / cc to about 1.82 g / cc have.
[68]
If when the lithium titanium oxide particles which consist only of a primary particle is not a phenomenon that if the pellet density of at least 1.7 g / cc is the current collector, such as the Al foil tear, composed of the secondary particles is the pellet density of 1.75 g / or more cc may be a problem with the whole house being torn may be prevented. When the lithium titanium oxide particles to be composed of only the primary particle is not exerted a great pressure is passed is that the pressure to the current collector, for the particles if the (secondary particles) because the pressure is being delivered to the current collector .
[69]
Because when the idea to particle number, the first number of particles when the lithium titanium oxide particles to be composed of only the primary particles are more than when it consists of secondary particles are relatively light pressure may be delivered to the current collector, such as the Al foil have. However, the lithium titanium oxide, because the particles that the number is less than when consist only of primary particles, if consisting of secondary particles, and the pressure transmitted to the particles a larger, the impact applied to the current collector can be made larger. Therefore, when the lithium titanium oxide particles consisting of secondary particles to be better compression at the time of electrode manufacture, at this time is better it crimps (or the more well-pressed), which means are less subject to the force at the same pressure conditions, In other words it means that the pellet density values greater.
[70]
The pores in which the lithium titanium oxide secondary particle formed between both the contact particles by contact with the primary particles contained in the other secondary particles with or adjacent to the other secondary particles can affect the porosity characteristics of the anode active material layer .
[71]
The lithium titanium oxide may rapidly take a three-dimensional Li diffusion paths in the spinel structure is advantageous in charge and implement high-output characteristics. Further, in the characteristics of maintaining the original crystal structure during charge and discharge has excellent structural stability.
[72]
In addition, the lithium titanium oxide may have a discharge capacity of 70 to 200mAh / g, preferably 100 to 170 mAh / g, more preferably from 110 to 160 mAh / g.
[73]
According to one embodiment, the lithium titanium oxide particles have a grain size of 100 nm to 200 nm, specifically 110 nm to 180 nm, more particularly, may have a grain size of 120 nm to 180 nm have.
[74]
When the grain size is less than 100 nm has to be inserted in the lithium-ion count is too much of the grain boundary (grain boundary) disadvantage, in the case of which a charging characteristic of the battery may be deteriorated, exceeds 200 nm, the lithium ions within the grains the diffusion of the more difficult, and the output may be reduced due to increase in resistance.
[75]
The grain size of the lithium titanium oxide particles may be determined by using a commercial program, the TOPAS Rietveld analysis (Rietveld refinement) by X-ray diffraction analysis. The grain size measurement method utilizing a TOPAS program may be subject to a method conventionally used in the art.
[76]
In addition, the lithium titanium oxide is the preparation of a by-product of lithium carbonate amount of lithium titanium oxide 100% compared to 2% by weight or less of, or 1 wt.%, Or 0.5 wt%, or 0.1 wt% or less, or 0.05 wt% or less can.
[77]
The lithium titanium oxide is a liquid synthetic corporation co-precipitation (corprecipitation), sol-it not is prepared in the same way as the gel method (sol-gel) or a hydrothermal method (hydrothermal), but is not limited thereto. If when the production of the lithium titanium oxide particles having the characteristics of the present invention can not be limited to a particular production method.
[78]
Production method of the lithium titanium oxide (LTO), according to one embodiment of the present invention are as follows.
[79]
First, the Li-containing precursors (e.g., LiOH, etc.) and the titanium-containing precursor (e.g., TiO 2 , etc.), and the wet milling, and this solid mixture can be stirred and dissolved in water to prepare a slurry. Then, it is possible to spray drying in hot air of a predetermined temperature, and ground to the firing in an oxygen or air atmosphere to obtain a lithium-titanium oxide powder.
[80]
In this case, if making the lithium titanium oxide as the primary particles, and then prepared to the smallest diameter by changing conditions of spray drying, and firing can control the grain size during grinding. Further, when making the lithium titanium oxide to the secondary particles, making the target particle size by changing the spray-drying conditions can be obtained by pulverizing the fired.
[81]
Even when the lithium-containing precursor and a titanium-containing precursor wet milling, TiO by adjusting the milling time and rpm 2 to control the particle size, and thus also the specific surface area (BET) of the lithium titanium oxide particles (powder) Change can. As a way to increase the specific surface area (BET) of the lithium titanium oxide particles (powder) is, and changes the milling conditions (increasing time, increases rpm), increased crushing strength, reduce the sintering temperature, etc. can be considered, measures to lower the specific surface area as it may be possible, changing the milling conditions, crushing strength decreased, increased baking temperature or the like.
[82]
In one embodiment of the present invention, the loading of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode 0.2mAh / cm the amount of 2 to 10mAh / cm 2 may be.
[83]
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer may further include a binder resin and a conductive material. The negative electrode active material layer herein is the negative electrode active material: the binder resin is 80 ~ 95:: conductive material 3-13: may be included in a weight ratio of 2-9.
[84]
In addition, the negative electrode active material layer is a carbonaceous material such as artificial graphite, natural graphite is normally used as an anode active material other than the lithium titanium oxide as the negative electrode active material; The metal (Me) Si, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; Alloys consisting of the metals (Me); Oxide (MeOx) in the metal (Me); And it may further include the metal (Me), and any of the active material particles or a mixture of two or more of those selected from the group consisting of a composite of the carbon.
[85]
Non-limiting examples of the binder resin is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro fluorine, polytetrafluoroethylene (polytetrafluoroethylene; PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinylidenefloride; PVDF), carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethylcellulose; CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (polyvinyl alcohol; PVA), polyvinyl butyral (polyvinyl butyral; PVB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone; PVP), styrene-butadiene rubber (styrene butadiene rubber; SBR), polyamide - can already be mixed de (Polyamide-imide), polyimide alone or in combination of two or more selected from (polyimide), such as, but not limited to these.
[86]
When the electron conductive material which does not cause the conductive material chemical change is not specially claim. Examples of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, Super-P (Super-P) black, carbon fiber, copper, nickel, aluminum, is capable of such as a metal powder or metal fiber and the like.
[87]
In a specific exemplary embodiment of the invention, the cathode may be referenced according to the following method.
[88]
First, by dispersing the negative electrode active material, a binder resin and a conductive material in ethanol (EtOH), acetone, isopropyl alcohol, N- methylpyrrolidone (NMP), propylene glycol, a suitable solvent, such as water or an organic solvent such as a (PG) to prepare a negative electrode slurry and squeezed it forms an electrode shape, or the slurry is coated on a metal foil to form an electrode shape, or making the above-mentioned negative electrode composition into a sheet (sheet) state to push a roller incorporated with a metal foil to the electrode shape formation, and the output electrode formed of a shape to form a negative electrode was dried at a temperature of 100 ℃ ~350 ℃. Turning to the example of forming a negative electrode and more specifically, can be formed by pressing using a roll press molding the negative electrode slurry. Roll press molding machine has a thickness control of electrode density improvement and the electrode via the rolling purposes, to release the controller and the electrode capable of controlling the top and bottom rolls and the roll thickness and heating temperature of the winding that can roll It is composed of a. The status of the electrode roll over a roll press rolling process is underway again this wound in a roll state of the electrode stand is completed. At this time, the pressing pressure of the press, the temperature of the roll into 5 ~ 20 ton / ㎠ may by 0 ~ 150 ℃. Slurry was subjected to press-compression process as described above is subjected to a drying step. The drying process may be carried out at 100 ℃ ~350 ℃, particularly to a temperature of 150 ℃ ~300 ℃. In this case, the undesirable evaporation of the solvent is difficult when the drying temperature is lower than 100 ℃, can take place of the conductive material is oxidized at a high temperature dried in excess of 350 ℃. And the drying step may be conducted at the same temperature as above for about 10 minutes ~6 hours.
[89]
The lithium secondary battery of the present invention is configured to include a separator, and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the above-mentioned negative electrode and a positive electrode.
[90]
The anode can be produced by drying after applying the mixture of the positive electrode active material, conductive material and a binder on a positive electrode collector and, if necessary, and may further include a filler to the mixture. The positive electrode active material is a reversible intercalation and de capable of intercalation compounds of lithium, specifically, it may comprise a lithium composite metal oxide containing at least one metal and lithium such as cobalt, manganese, nickel or aluminum have. More specifically, the lithium composite metal oxide is the lithium-manganese-based oxide (for example, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and the like), lithium-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiCoO 2 and the like), lithium-nickel-based oxide (for example, LiNiO 2 and the like), lithium-nickel-manganese-based oxide (for example, LiNi 1 - Y Mn Y O 2 (where, 0
[121]
As a positive electrode active material Li (Ni 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 ) O 2 is 91-methyl-N- polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) solvent to 5.5 weight% by weight%, carbon black conductive agent (carbon black) 3.5% by weight, the binder - 2 was added to the pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry. A positive electrode after the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to a thickness of the positive electrode collector of aluminum (Al) film of about 20 ㎛ and dried to produce a positive electrode, subjected to a roll press (press roll) was prepared.
[122]
[123]
[124]
Via a porous polyethylene separator between the thus produced in the prepared anode and the cathode are manufactured an electrode assembly and then put into a pouch-shaped battery case, the ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) 30:70 1M LiPF in a solvent mixture in a volume ratio of 6, a lithium secondary battery was prepared by injecting a dissolution electrolyte and sealed.
[125]
[126]
[127]
Half cell was prepared as follows.
[128]
The lithium titanium oxide Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 powder 92% by weight, as a conductive material of carbon black (carbon black) 4% by weight, and a binder of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) 4% by weight of the solvent is N- methyl-2 - in addition to the pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. After coating with a thickness 90㎛ the slurry on an aluminum (Al) foil to prepare a negative electrode was vacuum dried at 120 ℃. (Loading quantity: 145 ± 5 mg / 25cm 2 )
[129]
Thereafter, the take-up of the negative electrode in a circular shape with a diameter of 12mm, and then lithium metal (foil) by a relative pole to prepare a coin-type half-cell of 2032. At this time, the electrolytic solution is an ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate 2: 1.0M LiPF dissolved in a solvent mixture in a volume ratio of 6:02 6 was used as a solution.
[130]
[131]
Examples 2 to 6
[132]
To the form of particles as shown in Table 1, specific surface area, average particle diameter (D50), and lithium titanium oxide was changed to pellet density Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in the same manner as in, except that using the powder of Example 1 a negative electrode, a lithium secondary battery, and the half cell was prepared, respectively.
[133]
[134]
Comparative Examples 1 to 8
[135]
To the form of particles as shown in Table 1, specific surface area, average particle diameter (D50), and lithium titanium oxide was changed to pellet density Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in the same manner as in, except that using the powder of Example 1 a negative electrode, a lithium secondary battery, and the half cell was prepared, respectively.
[136]
[137]
TABLE 1
Particle form BET(m2/g) D50(㎛) Pellet Density (g / cc)
Example 1 All primary particles 6.3 0.5 1.72
Example 2 All primary particles 6.0 0.7 1.73
Example 3 All secondary particles 4.6 8 1.80
Example 4 All secondary particles 4.7 6 1.79
Example 5 1, a mixture of primary particles and secondary particles (weight ratio 5: 5) 5.6 4 1.75
Example 6 The primary mixture of the particles and the secondary particles (weight ratio of 2: 8) 5.3 8 1.82
Comparative Example 1 All primary particles 4.6 1.0 1.75
Comparative Example 2 All primary particles 6.0 1.3 1.78
Comparative Example 3 All primary particles 6.0 0.7 1.68
Comparative Example 4 All secondary particles 2.8 8 1.82
Comparative Example 5 All secondary particles 5.2 8 1.68
Comparative Example 6 All secondary particles 4.0 10 1.78
Comparative Example 7 All secondary particles 4.2 8 1.71
Comparative Example 8 The primary mixture of the particles and the secondary particles (weight ratio of 2: 8) 4.8 10 1.78
[138]
[139]
Characteristics Measurement
[140]
(1) Specific surface area
[141]
The lithium titanium oxide Li used in the above Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 4 Ti 5 O 12 The specific surface area of the powder was measured as follows.
[142]
Li in ℃ 200 4 Ti 5 O 12 and then heat-treating the powder, the specific surface area was measured using a BET specific surface area analysis equipment (Brunauer Emmett Teller, BET). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 3.
[143]
[144]
(2) average particle diameter (D50)
[145]
The lithium titanium oxide Li used in the above Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 4 Ti 5 O 12 The average particle diameter of the powder was measured as follows.
[146]
Li 0.35g of the vial (vial) in 10ml 4 Ti 5 O 12 powder and a dispersing agent (NaPO 3 and then the mixture) of 10 wt% solution was poured into cold 5 drops all the water to the vial, for 2 minutes sonication treatment (sonification) embodiments, and the average particle size was measured after the treated powder by using a particle size analyzer (Microtrac Inc.). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 3.
[147]
[148]
(3) Pellet Density
[149]
The Examples 1-6 and the comparative rolled density measurement of the lithium titanium oxide used in Examples 1 to 8 was measured using a powder resistivity meter MCP-PD51 of Mitsubishi Chemical (Mitsubishi chemical). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 3.
[150]
[151]
(4) The initial Li insertion reference capacitance (0.2C, mAh / g)
[152]
The Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and Comparative Examples in the half-cells prepared from 6 to 8 with two 0.2C was measured on the basis of the second discharge (Li insertion) capacitor, the voltage is 1.0V ~ 2.5V He proceeds to cut.
[153]
[154]
5 rate (Rate, insertion basis) volume ratio (10C / 0.2C) (%)
[155]
The Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and Comparative Example 6 by using the half-cell prepared in to 8 in Table 2 as the charging and discharging pattern to 1 st than 0.2C discharge capacity at the second cycle of step 3 rd the ratio of the 10C discharge capacity of the step was measured. At this time, between each step there was a pause time between 20 minutes. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 3.
[156]
Spreadable (diffusion) of the larger the value of the ratio of the capacity of the lithium battery is excellent, it means that the electrolyte is an LTO active material particles well received by the wetting (wetting), the glass formed in the high-output battery.
[157]
TABLE 2
step Charging (Li-ion desorption) Discharge (Li ion insertion) The number of cycles Reset time
C-rate mode C-rate mode
1 st 0.2C CC 0.2C CC 2 20 minutes
2nd 0.2C CC 1C CC 1
3 the rd 0.2C CC 10C CC 1
[158]
TABLE 3
Particle form BET(m2/g) D50(㎛) Pellet Density (g / cc) The initial Li insertion reference capacitance (0.2C, mAh / g) Rate capacity ratio (insert reference) 10C / 0.2C (%) Remarks
Example 1 All primary particles 6.3 0.5 1.72 171 90 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Example 2 All primary particles 6.0 0.7 1.73 170 86 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Example 3 All secondary particles 4.6 8 1.80 168 82 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Example 4 All secondary particles 4.7 6 1.79 168 84 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Example 5 1, a mixture of primary particles and secondary particles (weight ratio 5: 5) 5.6 4 1.75 170 88 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Example 6 The primary mixture of the particles and the secondary particles (weight ratio of 2: 8) 5.3 8 1.82 170 90 Capacity and excellent rate characteristics
Comparative Example 1 All primary particles If less than the lower limit of the range 4.6 Included in the range 1.0 Included in the range of 1.75 163 78 Capacity and rate characteristics inferior
Comparative Example 2 All primary particles Included in the range 6.0 If it is greater than the upper limit of the range 1.3 Included in the range 1.78 165 75 Capacity and rate characteristics inferior
Comparative Example 3 All primary particles Included in the range 6.0 Included in the range of 0.7 If less than the lower limit of the range of 1.68 170 85 Did not meet the electrode density can not be prepared also electrode (Rolling Al foil tears)
Comparative Example 4 All secondary particles If less than the lower limit of the range 2.8 Included in the range 8 Included in the range 1.82 162 70 Capacity and rate characteristics inferior
Comparative Example 6 All secondary particles Included in the range 4.0 10 is greater than the upper limit of the range Included in the range 1.78 162 77 Capacity and rate characteristics inferior
Comparative Example 7 All secondary particles Included in the range 4.2 Included in the range 8 If less than the lower limit of the range of 1.71 168 80 No cell design
Comparative Example 8 The primary mixture of the particles and the secondary particles (weight ratio of 2: 8) Included in the range of 4.8 10 is greater than the upper limit of the range Included in the range 1.78 163 77 Capacity and rate characteristics inferior
[159]
[160]
Referring to Table 3, in Examples 1 to average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5 ㎛ to 9 ㎛ to 6 for, 3 m of the present invention 2 / g to 7 m 2 / g of specific surface area, and a 64 MPa pressure under may be 1.7 g / cc result of applying the lithium titanium oxide particles that satisfied all of the above pellet density as an anode active material, and both the capacity and the rate characteristics of the battery excellent it confirmed that can be applied to a high-output battery.
[161]
On the other hand, comparative examples were not such a mean particle size, specific surface area and density of pellets that do not satisfy one or more conditions of the result, the capacity and the rate characteristics inferior, or an electrode made difficult, the cell design itself.
Claims
[Claim 1]As a negative electrode active material comprising a lithium titanium oxide particles, the average particle size of the lithium titanium oxide particles is 0.5 ㎛ to 9 ㎛ (D50), 3 m 2 / g to 7 m 2 under a pressure of a specific surface area, and 64 MPa in / g 1.7 g / cc has a more pellet density, the lithium titanium oxide for a cathode active material represented by formula 1: [formula 1] Li x Ti y O z M w (wherein, M is Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and a mixture of one or two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Zn, 0.5≤x≤5, 1≤y≤5, 2≤z≤12, 0≤w <0.1 a).
[Claim 2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium titanium oxide particle having a primary particle and at least less than the negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of secondary particles made of the primary particles.
[Claim 3]
Claim 2 wherein the primary particle is 0.2 ㎛ to average particle diameter (D50) of 1.2 ㎛, 5 m to 2 / g to 7 m 2, the negative electrode active material having a specific surface area / g.
[Claim 4]
According to claim 3, wherein the primary particles are under 64 MPa pressure of 1.7 g / cc to about 1.82 the negative electrode active material having a pellet density in g / cc to.
[Claim 5]
The method of claim 2, wherein the secondary particles are 2 to 9 ㎛ ㎛ average particle diameter (D50) of the, 3 m 2 / g to 4.9 m 2, the negative electrode active material having a specific surface area / g.
[Claim 6]
Claim 5 wherein, the secondary particles under a pressure of 64 MPa 1.75 g / cc to 1.85 negative electrode active material having a pellet density in g / cc to.
[Claim 7]
The method of claim 2, wherein the lithium titanium oxide particles, the primary particles and the secondary particles of a mixture, the weight ratio of the primary particles and the secondary particles 1: 9 to 4: 6 of the negative electrode active material.
[Claim 8]
The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium titanium oxide is Li 0 . 8 Ti 2 . 2 O 4 , Li 2 . 67 Ti 1 . 33 O 4 , Li 1 . 33 Ti 1 . 67 O 4 , Li 1 . 14 Ti 1 . 71 O 4 , Li 4 Ti 5O 12 , LiTi 2 O 4 , and Li 2 TiO 3 1 jong or more negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of.
[Claim 9]
According to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material in the negative electrode active material; The metal (Me) Si, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; Alloys consisting of the metals (Me); Oxide (MeOx) in the metal (Me); And said metal (Me), and any one of the active material particles and the negative electrode active material further comprises a mixture of two or more of them selected from the group consisting of a composite of the carbon.
[Claim 10]
A negative electrode comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode active material comprising a positive active material, and a separator, and an electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the cathode active material of claim 1 to any one of the negative electrode active material of claim 9 wherein The lithium secondary battery.