Description:TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to an antenna testing device (unit). More particularly it relates to devices (units), systems, and methods for steering the antenna pattern of an array with multiple antenna elements operating at radio frequencies (RF). More specifically, it pertains to an antenna testing unit designed to control the amplitude and phase of signals applied to an antenna array for enhanced accuracy and performance evaluation.

BACKGROUND ART

The domain of radio frequency (RF) communication relies heavily on the efficiency and performance of antenna systems. Antennas are fundamental components in wireless systems for transmitting and receiving RF signals, and their performance directly impacts the quality and reliability of communication, wireless sensors and radars systems. In this context, the accurate testing and control of antenna arrays are crucial for optimizing their performance and ensuring their alignment with specified operational requirements. The present invention addresses several critical aspects of antenna testing, particularly focusing on methods and systems for steering the antenna pattern of an array with multiple elements.
Overview of Antenna Systems: Antenna systems are designed to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. These systems are used in a wide range of applications, from mobile communications and satellite broadcasting to radar systems and scientific research. The fundamental objective of an antenna system is to effectively transmit or receive signals with minimal loss and interference. The performance of an antenna system is determined by various factors, including its directivity, gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe levels.
Directivity and Beamforming: Directivity refers to the ability of an antenna to focus energy in a particular direction. High directivity is often desired to concentrate the signal in a specific area, thereby enhancing the signal strength and reducing interference. Beamforming is a technique used to combine coherently the energy of two or more antenna elements to enhance the directivity of the antenna and steer the direction of the antenna pattern by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the RF signals at the antenna elements in an array. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the antenna pattern to adapt to varying signal conditions and target areas.
Antenna Array: An antenna array consists of multiple antenna elements arranged in a specific geometric configuration. The arrangement of these elements determines the overall radiation pattern and directivity of the array. The size and number of elements in the array directly influence its directivity, sidelobe levels and beamwidth. However, increasing the size of the array to achieve higher directivity introduces additional complexity, cost, size, and power consumption challenges.
Challenges in Antenna Testing: Testing the performance of an antenna array involves evaluating its ability to meet design specifications and operational requirements. This process is complex due to several factors, including the need for precise control over amplitude and phase parameters, handling large numbers of elements, and managing environmental variations as temperature variation across the array.
Precise Control of Amplitude and Phase: Accurate testing of an antenna array requires precise control over the amplitude and phase of the signals applied to each element. This control is essential for achieving the desired radiation pattern and reducing sidelobes level. Variations in amplitude and phase can lead to deviations from the intended antenna pattern, resulting in reduced gain, pointing errors and increased sidelobe levels. The complexity of managing these parameters grows with the size of the array, as each element or subgroup of elements may require individual adjustment.
Handling Large Antenna Arrays: As antenna arrays grow in size, the number of individual stimuluses required for testing increases significantly. For large arrays, the challenge is to apply and manage stimuli across numerous elements while ensuring accurate measurement of the resulting antenna pattern. Traditional testing methods may become impractical due to the sheer number of variables involved, necessitating the development of more efficient and scalable testing solutions.
Calibration and Error Correction: Calibration is a critical aspect of antenna testing, aimed at minimizing errors caused by variations in the system. Calibration ensures that the amplitude and phase settings are accurate, compensating for factors such as hardware imperfections, environmental conditions, and system tolerances. Effective calibration requires sophisticated methods such as the use of pilot signals in a feedback system and tools to identify and correct errors, particularly in large and complex antenna arrays.
Existing Solutions and Limitations: Various methods and systems have been developed to address the challenges of antenna testing and steering. These solutions include the use of pilot or common signals and complex calibration techniques automated testing systems. However, each approach has its limitations and may not fully address the complexities associated with diverse antenna arrays configurations and advanced testing requirements.

Auxiliary signals: Auxiliary signals are traditionally employed to calibrate antenna arrays. An auxiliary signal, pilot signal, is applied close to the elements to calibrate the antenna array system in the receiving mode. The auxiliary signal is demodulated, and the relative phase and amplitude is recorded and corrected. As the frequency increases, adding additional signals for system calibration becomes impractical. Similarly, in the transmission mode, the signal applied at the antenna element is sampled and demodulated. The relative difference is recorded and compensated.
Calibration Techniques: Calibration techniques are employed to ensure that the amplitude and phase parameters are accurately set. These techniques often involve using reference signals and calibration data to correct system errors. However, traditional calibration methods may be time-consuming and may not fully account for dynamic changes in the environment or variations between individual elements. Automated calibration systems have been developed to improve efficiency, but they still face limitations in handling large arrays and providing real-time feedback.
Automated Testing Systems: Automated testing systems are designed to streamline the testing process by incorporating advanced control and measurement capabilities. These systems can automate the application of stimuli and the measurement of antenna performance, reducing manual intervention and improving accuracy. However, existing automated systems may not provide the level of precision required for complex antenna arrays or offer comprehensive calibration features to address all potential sources of error.
The Need for an Advanced Testing Solution: The growing demand for high-performance antenna systems, coupled with the increasing complexity of antenna arrays, underscores the need for an advanced testing solution. An effective testing system must address the challenges of precise amplitude and phase control, handle large numbers of elements, and provide comprehensive calibration and performance evaluation capabilities without the need for auxiliary signals
Enhanced Calibration and Error Correction: An advanced testing system should include a robust calibration module that can dynamically adjust for implementation errors and environmental variations. This module should provide real-time feedback and correction capabilities to ensure accurate amplitude and phase settings. Additionally, the system should support automated calibration processes to improve efficiency and accuracy.
Multi-Channel Vector Modulation: To address the complexity of large antenna arrays, the testing system should incorporate multi-channel vector modulators. These modulators allow for simultaneous control of multiple elements or sub-groups, enabling precise adjustments to the antenna pattern. The system should be capable of operating across various frequency bands and support both horizontal and vertical polarizations.
Comprehensive Testing Features: An advanced testing system should offer a range of testing features, including channel prediction, filtering, and real-time visualization of the antenna pattern. These features enhance the accuracy of measurements and provide valuable insights into the performance of the antenna array. The system should also include a user-friendly interface for easy operation and configuration.
Antenna prototype: An advanced testing system should enable verification and evaluation of system concepts using antenna arrays. This system simplifies the workload and development cycle of new antenna products. It further enables and simplifies the evaluation of T/R and power amplifiers in the presence of an antenna array system.
Thus, to summarize the above and to specifically highlight the need of the present invention, it can be noted that systems that transmit and receive RF signals usually include one or more antenna elements, transmitter and/or receiver units and a processing unit capable of modulating the data signals to the transmit and receive RF frequencies. The antenna array comprises two or more elements to shape the antenna pattern according to the signal to noise ratio and system requirements.
The scanning angle of the antenna system is defined according to the angle coverage needed by the system while the number of elements an antenna array defined the directivity, sidelobes and beamwidth of the antenna. In general, it is desired to have the maximum directivity with minimum sidelobe levels to reduce the interference originated from unwanted signals.
The increase of the antenna array size is required to obtain high directivity resulting. As the size of the antenna array increases, additional complexity, size and power consumption of the system are needed.
Testing the functionality of an antenna array system demands complex test solutions. Stimuluses applied to either an element or sub-group of the antenna array over approximately +/- 90 degrees scanning angle with control over the sidelobe require precise control over the amplitude and phase. As the size of the array increases the number of individual stimuluses, where each stimulus is function of amplitude and phase, becomes very large.
To cope with the need for multiple independent stimuluses to test an antenna array, it is convenient to evaluate the antenna array as a single unit with a limited number of independent stimuluses. This approach assumes that the relative amplitude and phase errors between either elements or sub-groups can be eliminated, for instance through calibration, to assure the correct amplitude and phase across +/- 90 degrees scanning angle.
There is a growing need to provide system and method for controlling the amplitude and phase parameters of the individual stimuluses of an antenna array in order to guarantee the delivered the correct amplitude and phase at the antenna elements regardless the variations between the elements due to impairments such as the limited isolation between elements. Furthermore, there is a growing need for quick evaluation of antenna arrays under multiple excitation and polarization conditions.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a sophisticated antenna testing unit (device), system and method capable of precisely controlling the amplitude and phase parameters of signals applied to an antenna array.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that enable fine-tuned control over the amplitude and phase of RF signals at each antenna element.
Another object of the present invention isto an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that addresses the complexities associated with testing large antenna arrays, including the need for managing numerous stimuli and ensuring accurate measurement of performance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that includes a robust calibration module designed to dynamically correct for implementation errors and environmental variations.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that enables the design and evaluation of antenna array configurations under multiple stimulus conditions and polarization schemes. Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that enables the design and evaluation of power amplifiers units and T/R front-end modules under multiple stimulus conditions and polarization schemes and associated with an antenna array system.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna testing unit (device), system and method that incorporates multi-channel vector modulators that allow simultaneous control and adjustment of multiple elements or sub-groups within the antenna array.
SUMMARY
Accurate determination of the amplitude and phase of stimuluses during measurements of an antenna array is difficult to achieve. Errors in the amplitude and phase result in pointing errors and an increase in the sidelobe levels.
The present invention provides an antenna testing device to enable accurate measurements of the antenna array. The device enables calibration of the complex signals applied to each of the antenna element of the array, enabling accurate evaluation of the antenna pattern.
Key features of the antenna testing device of the present invention are that:
The antenna testing device is capable of measurement up to 8 antenna elements with a single unit. While it is disclosed that the antenna testing device is capable of measurement up to 8 antenna elements with a single unit, it may be appreciated that the single unit can be used for measurement up to 16, 32 and 64 antenna elements.
The antenna testing device is capable to measure large antenna arrays by combining multiple devices.
The antenna testing device can be vary the phase over 360 degrees.
The antenna testing device can vary accurately the amplitude over a wide amplitude range to assure the correct synthesis of the amplitude values
The antenna testing device enables comprehensive user interface to program and configure the device.
The antenna testing device has an external charger capability to power the device.
The antenna testing device comprises a USB interface.
The antenna testing device comprises a user interface to program the device.
The present invention provides an advanced antenna testing unit and method designed to enhance the precision and efficiency of testing and steering antenna arrays. This invention addresses the complexities associated with controlling and measuring the amplitude and phase of signals applied to an array of antenna elements, with a focus on providing comprehensive calibration, real-time control, and enhanced performance evaluation. The invention includes several key components and functionalities that collectively offer a powerful solution for antenna array testing.
The present invention addresses the limitations of existing antenna testing methods by providing an advanced system that integrates vector modulators, calibration procedures, and additional testing functionalities. This comprehensive approach enables precise control of amplitude and phase parameters, accurate measurement of antenna performance, and efficient handling of large arrays. By incorporating enhanced calibration techniques, multi-channel modulation, and comprehensive testing features, the invention offers a powerful solution to the challenges of modern antenna testing and steering.
Antenna Testing System Overview:
The core of the invention is an antenna testing system that allows for precise control of amplitude and phase parameters applied to an antenna array. This system comprises several essential components:
Common port having dual polarizations: These ports are used for connecting stimuli from external sources or integrating with a receiving unit. They serve as either the common entry or the common output points for signals that need to be tested or measured.
Vector Modulator Module Sub-System: This sub-system is responsible for outputting complex signals to specific subsets of the antenna array. It includes vector modulators that allow for detailed adjustment of both amplitude and phase parameters. Additionally, this module can receive complex signals from the input ports and route them to common port having dual polarizations as needed. It can be an amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system.
Control Module: The control module programs the amplitude and phase settings for the antenna testing system. It enables users to define and adjust the parameters required for accurate testing and measurement.
Power Splitter/Combiner Unit: This unit manages the distribution of signals between the common port having dual polarization and the amplitude/phase control module. It ensures that signals are properly routed and combined or split as needed for effective testing.
User Interface and Software: The system includes a user-friendly interface and software that allow for external programming of the antenna testing unit. The interface provides real-time visualization of testing parameters and results, enabling users to configure and monitor the system efficiently.
Calibration and Error Correction: One of the key advancements of this invention is its focus on calibration and error correction. The system includes a robust calibration module designed to address implementation errors and variations in the environment. This module offers the following features:
Calibration: The calibration module dynamically adjusts amplitude and phase settings to correct for implementation errors. This ensures that the signals applied to each antenna element are accurate and consistent.
Error correction: The system supports automated error correction processes that use reference signals and calibration data to verify and correct performance. This improves the efficiency of the calibration procedure applied to the antenna array under evaluation.
Multi-Channel Vector Modulation: To handle the complexity of large antenna arrays, the invention incorporates multi-channel vector modulators. These provide the following benefits:
Simultaneous Control: Multi-channel vector modulators allow for simultaneous adjustment of multiple elements or sub-groups within the antenna array. This capability facilitates precise control over the antenna pattern and performance.
Wide frequency band: The vector modulators are designed to operate across a wide frequency band, accommodating different antenna designs and applications. This flexibility enhances the system’s versatility and adaptability.
Comprehensive Testing Features: The invention offers a range of comprehensive testing features that enhance measurement accuracy and system performance:
Real-Time Visualization: The user interface includes real-time visualization of the antenna pattern, showing amplitude and phase distribution across the array. This feature allows users to monitor and adjust the testing process effectively.
Dual-Polarized Systems Unit: The system includes functionality for testing dual-polarized antenna arrays, which supports both horizontal and vertical polarizations. This capability expands the system’s application to a wider range of antenna configurations.
Channel Prediction and Filtering: The invention incorporates advanced features for channel prediction and filtering. These features leverage sophisticated algorithms or machine learning techniques to optimize signal processing and improve measurement accuracy.
Automated Testing and Control: The automated testing and control features of the present invention streamline the testing process and enhance operational efficiency:
Automated Calibration and Testing: The system supports automated calibration and testing procedures, reducing the need for manual intervention and improving consistency. This automation ensures accurate and reliable results while saving time.

Remote Operation: The system includes options for remote control, such as wireless operation and data transfer to external devices. This feature provides users with flexibility and convenience in managing the testing process.
User-Friendly Interface: The user interface is designed to be intuitive and easy to use, offering several advantages:
Customizable Test Configurations: Users can create and save specific testing scenarios and parameters, allowing for tailored testing setups based on different antenna designs and requirements.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): The calibration module features a graphical user interface that provides visual feedback and guidance for calibration procedures. This interface enhances user experience and accuracy.
Reliable and Consistent Performance: The invention ensures that the antenna testing unit delivers reliable and consistent performance:
Power Supply Management: The system includes an external power supply with automatic voltage regulation to maintain consistent performance during operation. This feature ensures that power variations do not impact the testing results.
Diagnostic Module: The system features a diagnostic module that identifies and reports anomalies or faults within the antenna array or testing unit. This module provides troubleshooting assistance and helps maintain high testing standards.
Summary of Advantages: The present invention offers several significant advantages:
Enhanced Precision: The advanced control and calibration features enable precise adjustment of amplitude and phase parameters, leading to accurate measurement and improved antenna performance.
Scalability and Flexibility: The system’s multi-channel vector modulation and frequency band flexibility make it suitable for testing large and diverse antenna arrays.
Efficiency and Automation: Automated calibration and testing procedures streamline operations, reduce manual intervention, and improve efficiency.
Versatility: The inclusion of features such as dual-polarized testing, channel prediction, and filtering enhances the system’s versatility and applicability to various antenna designs.
User-Friendly Operation: The intuitive user interface and remote-control options provide a seamless and convenient testing experience.
In conclusion, the invention represents a significant advancement in the field of antenna array testing and antenna array prototype verification. By integrating sophisticated control mechanisms, comprehensive calibration features, and advanced testing functionalities, the invention addresses the challenges associated with large antenna arrays and complex testing scenarios. The system offers a powerful and versatile solution for ensuring the optimal performance of antenna arrays across a range of applications.
These and other features will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. While the invention has been described and shown with reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The subject matter regarding the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows an example of an antenna array with multiple excitations well known in the field.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a module with multiple amplitude and phase channels with the multiple channels connected to multiple antenna elements with arbitrary amplitude and phase properties and a common signal connecting the channels.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more multi-channel modules, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the complete unit to provide the conditioning amplitude and phase values for the antenna array, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing the association in a transmit system of multiple modules connected to the antenna array.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the association of multiple units
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation of a single module for amplitude and phase controls
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation of a single channel vector modulator for amplitude and phase controls
FIG. 8 is the antenna pattern with an un calibrated and calibrated phase array.
FIG. 9 a schematic diagram of the antenna testing unit applied to channel prediction and filtering.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the antenna testing unit for measuring antenna array of a dual polarized systems.
FIG. 11 illustrates a method for calibration according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 12 illustrates an antenna testing system and/or A multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)for an antenna testing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 illustrates a method for controlling amplitude and phase of input signals applied to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and the detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claim.
As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one” and the word “plurality” means “one or more” unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein are solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers, or steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the terms "including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of documents acts, materials, devices, articles, and the like are included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.
In this disclosure, whenever a composition or an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element, or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting of”, “consisting”, “selected from the group of consisting of, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa.
The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein reference numerals used in the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are to be treated as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. In addition, several materials are identified as suitable for various facets of the implementations.
The present invention pertains to an advanced antenna testing unit and method specifically designed for precise control and measurement of antenna arrays. This invention addresses the challenges associated with steering antenna patterns, handling large arrays, and ensuring accurate calibration. It incorporates several key components and functionalities to provide a comprehensive solution for antenna testing.
Introduction:
Antenna systems are integral to modern RF communication, serving critical roles in applications such as telecommunications, satellite broadcasting, radar systems, and scientific research. Testing and controlling the performance of antenna arrays, which consist of multiple elements arranged to achieve desired radiation patterns, is essential for optimizing system performance. The invention provides an advanced testing system that improves the accuracy and efficiency of this process by offering precise control over amplitude and phase parameters, comprehensive calibration capabilities, and enhanced testing functionalities.
Overview of the Antenna Testing System:
The invention centers around an antenna testing system designed to handle the complexities of measuring and controlling antenna arrays. The system includes several primary components:
Input Ports: These are used for connecting stimuli from external sources or for integrating with a receiving unit. The input ports facilitate the entry of test signals into the system.
Vector Modulator Module Sub-System: This sub-system is critical for outputting complex signals to subsets of the antenna array. It comprises vector modulators that enable precise control over both amplitude and phase. The sub-system can also receive signals from the input ports and route them to the common port as required.
Control Module: This module is responsible for programming the amplitude and phase settings for the antenna testing system. It allows users to define and adjust the parameters needed for accurate testing.
Power Splitter/Combiner Unit: This unit manages the distribution of signals between the common port and the amplitude/phase control module. It ensures that signals are properly combined or split to facilitate effective testing.
User Interface and Software: The system features a user-friendly interface and software that provide real-time control and monitoring of the antenna testing unit. The interface allows users to configure settings, visualize results, and manage the testing process.
Detailed Description of Components:
Common port: The common port serve as the common points for stimuli and receiving signals. They are designed to handle a variety of signal types and frequencies, accommodating different testing scenarios. Each common port is equipped with high-quality connectors to ensure stable and reliable signal transmission.
Vector Modulator Module Sub-System: The vector modulator module conditions the amplitude and phase of the system. It includes several vector modulators that control the amplitude and phase of the signals applied to the antenna array. The sub-system provides:
Complex Signal Output: The vector modulators can generate complex signals with adjustable amplitude and phase. This capability is essential for accurately steering the antenna pattern and evaluating the performance of the array.

Signal Routing: The module can receive signals from the input ports and route them to the common port. This routing capability allows for flexible testing configurations and facilitates the distribution of signals across the array.
Multi-Channel Operation: The sub-system supports multi-channel operation, enabling simultaneous control of multiple elements or sub-groups within the antenna array. This feature is particularly useful for testing large arrays with numerous elements.
Control Module: The control module plays a crucial role in managing the testing process. It provides:
Programming and Configuration: Users can program and configure the amplitude and phase settings for the antenna testing system through the control module. The module allows for precise adjustments based on the specific requirements of the antenna array.
Real-Time Adjustment: The control module enables real-time adjustment of parameters, allowing users to monitor and modify settings during the testing process. This feature ensures that the antenna array operates within the desired performance specifications.
Power Splitter/Combiner Unit:
The power splitter/combiner unit is designed to manage the distribution of signals within the system. It provides:
Signal Distribution: The unit splits signals from the common port to various components or combines signals from multiple sources. This capability ensures that signals are properly routed to the appropriate parts of the system.
Power Management: The unit is equipped to handle varying power levels and maintain signal integrity throughout the testing process. This feature is essential for accurate measurements and reliable performance.
User Interface and Software:
The user interface and software are designed to provide an intuitive and comprehensive control experience. They include:
Graphical User Interface (GUI): The GUI offers a visual representation of the antenna testing system, including real-time data and performance metrics. Users can interact with the system through a touch screen or other input devices.
Configuration and Monitoring: The software allows users to configure testing parameters, monitor results, and perform data analysis. It supports various testing modes and provides detailed feedback on the antenna array's performance.
Remote Control: The system supports remote control options, enabling users to operate and manage the testing process from external devices. This feature enhances convenience and flexibility.
Calibration and Error Correction:
Calibration is a critical aspect of the invention, ensuring that the antenna testing system delivers accurate and reliable results. The calibration module includes:
Dynamic Calibration: The calibration module dynamically adjusts amplitude and phase settings to correct for implementation errors. It uses reference signals and calibration data to verify and correct performance.
Error correction: The system supports automated error correction processes that use reference signals and calibration data to verify and correct performance. This improves the efficiency of the calibration procedure applied to the antenna array under evaluation.
Multi-Channel Vector Modulation:
The multi-channel vector modulator sub-system is designed to handle the complexities of large antenna arrays. It provides:
Simultaneous Control: The system enables simultaneous adjustment of multiple antenna elements or sub-groups, allowing for precise control over the antenna pattern. This capability is essential for testing extensive arrays with numerous elements.
Frequency Band Flexibility: The vector modulators operate across wide frequency band, making the system adaptable to different antenna designs and applications. This flexibility supports a wide range of testing scenarios.
Comprehensive Testing Features: The invention includes several advanced testing features that enhance measurement accuracy and system performance:
Real-Time Visualization: The user interface provides real-time visualization of the antenna pattern, showing amplitude and phase distribution across the array. This feature allows users to monitor and adjust the testing process effectively.
Dual-Polarized Systems Unit: The system supports testing of dual-polarized antenna arrays, accommodating both horizontal and vertical polarizations. This capability expands the system’s applicability to a broader range of antenna configurations.
Channel Prediction and Filtering: Advanced features for channel prediction and filtering are integrated into the system. These features use sophisticated algorithms or machine learning techniques to optimize signal processing and improve measurement accuracy.
Automated Testing and Control: Automated testing and control features are central to the invention’s design:

Automated Calibration and Testing: The system supports automated calibration and testing procedures, reducing manual intervention and improving efficiency. This automation ensures accurate and consistent results while saving time.
Remote Operation: The invention includes remote control options, such as wireless operation and data transfer to external devices. This feature provides users with flexibility and convenience in managing the testing process.
User-Friendly Interface:
The user interface is designed to be intuitive and easy to use, offering several advantages:
Customizable Test Configurations: Users can create and save specific testing scenarios and parameters, allowing for tailored setups based on different antenna designs and requirements.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): The GUI provides visual feedback and guidance for calibration procedures. This interface enhances user experience and ensures accurate testing.
Reliable and Consistent Performance: The invention ensures that the antenna testing unit delivers reliable and consistent performance:
Power Supply Management: The system includes an external power supply with automatic voltage regulation to maintain consistent performance. This feature ensures that power variations do not impact testing results.
The system begins its operation with the common port, which serve as the common point for external signals or stimuli. The common point is an input point in the case of a transmitter system and an output point in case of a receiver system. These ports are designed to handle various signal types and frequencies, accommodating different testing scenarios. High-quality connectors at these ports ensure stable and reliable signal transmission into the system.
Once the signals enter through the one or more input ports, common port in a transmit system, they are processed by the vector modulator module sub-system. This sub-system is crucial for controlling the amplitude and phase of the signals. It consists of multiple vector modulators that independently adjust these parameters. By generating complex signals with precise amplitude and phase settings, the vector modulator module allows the system to steer the antenna pattern and evaluate the performance of the antenna array. The modulators can route signals from the input ports to different subsets of the antenna array, depending on the specific testing requirements. This capability enables flexible and scalable testing configurations, accommodating both small and large arrays.
Once the signals enter through the ports connected to the device under test, antenna system, they are processed by the vector modulator module sub-system. This sub-system is crucial for controlling the amplitude and phase of the signals. It consists of multiple vector modulators that independently adjust these parameters. By generating complex signals with precise amplitude and phase settings, the vector modulator module allows the system to steer the antenna pattern and evaluate the performance of the antenna array. The modulators can route signals from the input ports associated with the antenna array under test, depending on the specific testing requirements. The output of the modulator is combined into one or more common port. This capability enables flexible and scalable testing configurations, accommodating both small and large arrays.
The control module plays an essential role in managing the antenna testing process. It provides users with the ability to program and adjust the amplitude and phase settings of the system. Through the user interface, which connects to the control module, users can set specific parameters for testing. The control module processes these settings and sends commands to the vector modulator module, ensuring that the signals are adjusted according to the defined parameters. This allows for real-time adjustments, enabling users to fine-tune the performance of the antenna array during testing.
In conjunction with the control module, the power splitter/combiner unit manages the distribution and routing of signals within the system. This unit ensures that signals are correctly split or combined as needed. For instance, if a signal needs to be distributed to multiple components, the power splitter function divides the signal into several paths. Conversely, if multiple signals need to be combined into a single path, the combiner function merges them. This process ensures that signals are properly routed to the relevant parts of the system.
Calibration is a critical aspect of the system, and the calibration module ensures that the antenna testing system operates with high accuracy. It adjusts amplitude and phase settings to correct for any implementation errors. The calibration module uses reference signals to compare against the output and make necessary corrections. This process is largely automated, with predefined algorithms and calibration data guiding the adjustments.
The testing system also features advanced capabilities for real-time visualization. The user interface provides graphical representations of the antenna pattern, displaying amplitude and phase distribution across the array. This visual feedback allows users to monitor and adjust the testing process effectively. Based on these visuals, users can make further adjustments to the amplitude and phase settings to optimize the antenna array’s performance.
The invention is designed to support dual-polarized systems, which are capable of handling both horizontal and vertical polarizations. This feature allows for comprehensive evaluation of dual-polarized antenna systems, accommodating a broader range of antenna configurations. Additionally, the system includes advanced features for channel prediction and filtering, utilizing sophisticated algorithms or machine learning techniques to enhance signal processing and measurement accuracy. These features help to optimize performance and reduce interference or noise in the measurements.
The system supports automated operations to improve efficiency and consistency. Automated testing procedures streamline the process by reducing manual intervention. This automation includes setting parameters, performing measurements, and applying corrections based on predefined procedures. Furthermore, the system supports remote operation, allowing users to manage and monitor the testing process from external devices. This flexibility enhances convenience and facilitates effective testing.
Reliability is a key consideration, and the system includes features for power supply management and diagnostics. An external power supply with automatic voltage regulation ensures consistent performance by preventing power variations from affecting the results. The diagnostic module continuously monitors the system for anomalies or faults, providing alerts and troubleshooting information to maintain high testing standards and reliable performance.
In summary, the advanced antenna testing system integrates multiple components to control, measure, and optimize the performance of antenna arrays. It begins with receiving signals through input ports, which are then processed by the vector modulator module to adjust amplitude and phase. Signals are distributed and routed via the power splitter/combiner unit, while the control module manages parameter settings. The system’s real-time visualization, dual-polarized testing capabilities, and automated operations contribute to accurate and efficient antenna testing. By combining these functionalities, the invention provides a comprehensive solution for ensuring optimal antenna performance across various applications.
The invention represents a significant advancement in the field of antenna testing and steering. By integrating sophisticated control mechanisms, comprehensive calibration features, and advanced testing functionalities, the invention addresses the challenges associated with large antenna arrays and complex testing scenarios. The system offers a powerful and versatile solution for ensuring optimal performance of antenna arrays across a range of applications.
It may be appreciated that the signals at the common ports are distributed to the ports other ports connected to the structure under test, for instance, the antenna array, meaning they are connected in such a way that they can exchange information and signals.
The main purpose of these common ports is to distribute the signals to the phase and amplitude conditioning units applied to the antenna elements. The signals passing through the second conditioning module carries information that is used to adjust the signals being applied to the antenna elements. By adjusting amplitude and phase, the system can control how the antenna elements interact with the transmitted or received signals, leading to more accurate testing and measurement.
This feature allows the system to precisely control the signals sent to the antenna elements by using the output from the second conditioning module. The multiple common port capability ensures that the system can test the antenna array under various polarization conditions and multiple antenna patterns.
FIG. 1 shows an example of an antenna array with multiple excitations well known in the field. Testing an antenna array is not a trivial task. It requires assuring the phase and amplitude are properly applied to the antenna elements. An example is illustrated in the FIG. 1where the amplitude values, A_1 to A_N, and the phase values, θ_1 to θ_N, of the stimulus signals must be accurately determined. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a module with multiple amplitude and phase channels with the multiple channels connected to multiple antenna elements with arbitrary amplitude and phase properties and a common signal connecting the channels.
However, accurate determination of the amplitude and phase of stimuluses during measurements of an antenna array is difficult to achieve. Errors in the amplitude and phase result in pointing errors and an increase in the sidelobe levels.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (high level diagram) of an antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more modules, comprises a group of vector modulator channels, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown an antenna array where the phase and amplitude conditioning unit are replaced by one or more modules offer a more integrated and potentially compact solution for controlling the signal characteristics across the array. In traditional systems, separate components might be used to adjust the phase and amplitude of each signal feeding the antenna elements, which can be complex and bulky. By using multi-channel vector modulators, which can simultaneously control both the phase and amplitude of multiple signals, the system can achieve precise beamforming and signal shaping with fewer components. This integration not only simplifies the hardware but also enhances the array's flexibility and performance by allowing more dynamic and coordinated control over the signals feeding the antenna elements.
An exemplary module implementation of the antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more multi-channel vector modulators as shown in FIG. 3 is show in FIG. 6. Further, an exemplary channel implementation of the antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more multi-channel vector modulators as shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the complete unit to provide the conditioning amplitude and phase values for the antenna array, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.An antenna testing system designed as described below integrates various modules to control, modulate, and measure the performance of an antenna array with high precision.
In an embodiment, the system of the present invention includes an antenna array having one or more input ports for either connecting the stimuluses of the system or connecting to a receiving unit, one or more output ports connected to antenna array for controlling the amplitude and phase applied to the antenna elements, a vector modulator module sub-system that is arranged to output a complex signal to a subset of the antenna array, a vector modulator module sub-system that is arranged to receive a complex signal from the input ports and output the signal to a common port a control module arranged to program the amplitude and phase of the antenna testing system, a power splitter / combiner unit that is arranged to combine / splitter the signals between a common port and the amplitude and phase control module, and a user interface and software that is used to control the antenna testing system from an external device.
In this embodiment, the antenna testing system controls the amplitude and phase of the input signals, and calibrates for implementation errors that impact on the relative amplitude and phase accuracy of the system.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system enables to accurately measure the antenna array. The device enables calibration of the complex signals applied to each of the antenna element of the array, enabling accurate evaluation of the antenna pattern.
Below content elaborates the detailed working of each component and functionality of the invention:
Control of Amplitude and Phase: The system includes output ports connected directly to the antenna array. These ports allow precise control over the amplitude and phase of the signals applied to each antenna element. This capability is essential for testing and calibrating the antenna's beamforming or directionality.
Input Ports: The system has one or more input ports that can either be connected to external signal sources (stimulus) or to a receiving unit. This flexibility allows the system to be used in both transmission and reception testing modes.
Vector Modulator Module Sub-System: One vector modulator module is designed to take input signals from the system and output a complex signal (a signal with both amplitude and phase components) to a subset of the antenna array. For instance, if the system is testing a phased array radar, the vector modulator could apply specific amplitude and phase settings to a group of antennas to simulate how the radar would perform in different conditions. Another vector modulator module is configured to receive a complex signal from the input ports (for instance, from a receiving antenna picking up a reflected signal) and output it to a common port having dual polarization for further processing. This module ensures that the system can accurately capture and analyse signals received by the antenna array.
Control Module: This is the brain of the system. It programs the amplitude and phase settings across the antenna testing system, ensuring that the test conditions match the desired scenarios. For example, the control module could be programmed to simulate the effect of signal interference by adjusting the phase and amplitude across different elements.
Power Splitter/Combiner Unit: This unit plays a critical role in distributing signals between the common port having dual polarization and the amplitude/phase control modules. For instance, when testing how an antenna array combines signals from different directions, the power splitter/combiner could distribute a single signal to multiple antennas and then combine the results to simulate how the array would function in a real-world scenario.
User Interface and Software: This part of the system allows an operator to control the entire testing process via an external device like a computer. The software might provide visualizations of the antenna's radiation pattern, allow for real-time adjustments, or automate complex testing sequences.
Calibration: The system is designed to calibrate itself to account for any implementation errors that might affect amplitude and phase accuracy. For example, if there's a slight mismatch in the signal paths that could cause phase distortion, the system would automatically adjust for this, ensuring the accuracy of the test results.
FIG. 4B shows a signal flow diagram in a transmit system showing the association of multiple modules multiple to provide the conditioning amplitude and phase values for the antenna array, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Imagine testing a satellite communication antenna array. The antenna testing system can be used to simulate how the array would perform in different conditions, such as varying signal strengths and interference scenarios. The control module might adjust the phase and amplitude to test how well the antenna can maintain a connection in the presence of a nearby satellite broadcasting at a similar frequency. The vector modulators ensure that each antenna element receives the correct signal, while the power splitter/combiner unit handles the distribution and combination of signals for analysis. The calibration process ensures that any potential errors in the test setup don't affect the accuracy of the results. The user interface provides real-time feedback, allowing engineers to make adjustments on the fly or to run automated tests to assess the antenna's performance across a wide range of conditions.
In an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the association of multiple units which also indicates that multiple antennas testing units can be used for testing and steering of an antenna array.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation of a single module for amplitude and phase controls. An exemplary module implementation of the antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more multi-channel vector modulators as shown in FIG. 3 is show in FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation of a single channel vector modulator for amplitude and phase controls. For example, FIG. 7 shows a vector modulator channel that is used to describe a single channel for amplitude and phase.An exemplary channel implementation of the antenna array with the phase and amplitude conditioning unit replaced by one or more multi-channel vector modulators as shown in FIG. 3 is show in FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 is the antenna pattern with an uncalibrated and calibrated phase array.The antenna pattern of a phased array can differ significantly between its uncalibrated and calibrated states. In an uncalibrated phased array, the individual antenna elements may have phase and amplitude mismatches due to manufacturing tolerances, environmental factors, or variations in signal paths. These mismatches can cause the array to produce an unintended radiation pattern, with side lobes, nulls, or distortions that degrade performance, such as reduced beam steering accuracy or lower signal gain in the desired direction. In contrast, a calibrated phased array, obtained upon utilizing testing system and steering mechanisms of the present invention, has had these phase and amplitude errors corrected, resulting in a more precise and focused radiation pattern. Calibration aligns the phase and amplitude of each element, allowing the array to achieve its designed beam shape, maximizing gain in the intended direction and minimizing side lobes or other unintended radiation, leading to optimal performance in applications like radar, communication, or satellite systems.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the antenna testing unit applied to channel prediction and filtering.When applied to channel prediction and filtering, the antenna testing unit plays a crucial role in enhancing signal processing and communication performance. Channel prediction involves forecasting the future state of a communication channel based on current and historical data, which is vital for adaptive systems like beamforming in phased arrays. The antenna testing unit can simulate various channel conditions, allowing engineers to analyze how signals propagate and predict changes in real-time. By accurately controlling the amplitude and phase across the antenna elements, the unit helps identify potential interference or fading effects. Filtering, on the other hand, involves selectively passing signals of interest while suppressing unwanted noise or interference. The testing unit of the present invention is used to fine-tune the filtering processes by adjusting the antenna elements' responses, ensuring that the array effectively isolates the desired signals from noise. This capability is especially important in environments with high levels of interference or dynamic channel conditions, as it enables more reliable and efficient communication by enhancing signal clarity and reducing errors.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the antenna testing unit for measuring antenna array of a dual polarized systems. In an exemplary implementation, for the receiver, the direction of the analog and RF lines flows in the opposite direction as that of shown in FIG. 4B, however is not repeated for the brevity of this application.
FIG. 11 illustrates a method for calibration according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the flowchart explains the process of connecting an antenna array testing unit to a vector network analyser (VNA) and using it to measure and calibrate the antenna system involves several key steps.
Step 1: Connecting the Antenna Array Testing Unit to a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA):
The antenna array testing unit, which includes modules for controlling amplitude and phase, is connected to a VNA. The VNA is a precision instrument used to measure the S-parameters (scattering parameters) of the system, which describe how RF signals behave as they travel through the network. S-parameters are essential for understanding how signals are transmitted, reflected, and absorbed within the system.
For example, suppose you're testing a 4x4 phased array antenna that will be used in a 5G base station. You connect each of the 16 antenna elements to the testing unit, which in turn is connected to the VNA. The VNA's ports are linked to both the input (where signals enter the antenna array) and output (where signals are transmitted or reflected by the array).
Step 2: Measuring S-Parameters:
The VNA sends RF signals through the testing unit and measures the S-parameters between the input/output ports and the ports connected to the antenna array. These measurements help to identify how each channel (i.e., the path between the input and each antenna element) behaves in terms of transmission loss, reflection, and phase shifts.
For example, the VNA might measure the S21 parameter (forward transmission) for each channel to determine how efficiently the signal is transmitted from the input port to each antenna element. It could also measure S11 (reflection coefficient) to see how much signal is reflected back, indicating potential mismatches or inefficiencies in the system.
Step 3: Configuring Amplitude and Phase Values via the User Interface:
Using the testing unit's user interface, you can configure the amplitude and phase for each channel. This step is critical for compensating for any residual phase and amplitude errors between channels. Such errors could arise due to imperfections in the hardware, slight differences in cable lengths, or other factors.
For example, if the S-parameter measurements show that one channel has a slight phase lag compared to others, you can adjust the phase setting for that channel via the user interface to bring it in line with the others. Similarly, if one channel has a lower amplitude (possibly due to higher transmission loss), you can increase its amplitude setting to match the desired output level.
Step 4: Applying the Calibrated Testing Unit to the Antenna Array Under Test:
After calibrating the system, you apply the testing unit to the actual antenna array under test. This involves running the array with the calibrated amplitude and phase settings to ensure it performs as expected in its intended environment.
For example, continuing with the 5G base station antenna example, after calibration, you would test the array by simulating real-world conditions, such as varying signal strengths and angles of incidence. The calibrated testing unit ensures that each antenna element operates correctly, with minimal phase and amplitude errors, leading to optimal beamforming and signal transmission.
In a working example, testing a phased array antenna intended for a radar system. After connecting the array testing unit to the VNA, you measure the S-parameters to understand how signals are being transmitted through each antenna element. The VNA reveals that certain channels have phase and amplitude discrepancies, which could degrade the antenna's performance.
Using the user interface, you configure the amplitude and phase settings to correct these discrepancies. For example, you might increase the phase of one channel by 5 degrees and the amplitude of another by 0.5 dB. Once these adjustments are made, the system apply the calibrated testing unit to the antenna array and re-measure the S-parameters. The VNA now shows that the channels are aligned correctly, ensuring that the array will perform optimally in its intended application, such as accurately tracking targets in a radar system.
In an exemplary embodiment, a multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for an antenna testing system is disclosed. The system includes one or more common ports configured to receive and apply common input signals to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array.
The system also includes a first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system communicably coupled to the one or more common ports. The first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system configured to receive the common input signals and output a complex signal with adjustable amplitude and phase to a selected subset of the antenna elements within the antenna array.
The system also includes a second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system communicably coupled to the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system. The second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system configured to receive the complex signal and generate an output signal.
The system also includes one or more output ports communicably coupled to the common ports. The one or more output ports configured to connect to the antenna array and control the amplitude and phase of the input signals applied to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array, based on the output signal generated by the second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system.
The multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming ASIC provides precise control over the amplitude and phase of the signals transmitted through the antenna array for enhanced testing and calibration of the antenna system.
FIG. 12 illustrates an antenna testing system and/or A multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for an antenna testing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 12 provide a block diagram illustrating the working of an antenna testing system (100) that includes several key components and subsystems. Below is an elaboration on each feature and how they interact within the system:
Common Ports as Input (102):The common ports act as the entry point for the signals into the antenna testing system. They are connected to one or more antenna elements of the antenna array under test (104).These ports are configured to apply common signals to the antenna elements. A common signal means that the same signal is applied across multiple elements, serving as a baseline or reference signal that is used for testing the antenna array. The input ports allow the system to uniformly apply signals to the antenna elements, enabling consistent testing conditions across the array.
First Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module Sub-System (106):This subsystem is responsible for modifying the incoming common signals by adjusting their amplitude (signal strength) and phase (timing). After conditioning, the subsystem outputs a complex signal. A complex signal in this context refers to a signal with both magnitude (amplitude) and phase characteristics that can be adjusted independently. The complex signal is then directed to a subset of the antenna array. This allows the system to precisely control the signal characteristics sent to specific antenna elements, which is crucial for testing how individual or groups of elements respond to varying signal conditions.
Second Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module Sub-System (108):This subsystem takes the complex signal generated by the first conditioning module and further processes it. The second module refines the complex signal, potentially making additional adjustments to amplitude and phase. The result is an output signal that is optimized for the next stage of testing. This output signal is used to control the signals that are eventually sent back to the antenna elements via the common ports as output. This creates a feedback loop that ensures the signals applied to the antenna array are precisely controlled for the desired testing conditions.
Common Ports as Output (110): After processing, the refined output signal is sent to the antenna elements through these common ports. These ports serve as the exit point for the signals from the system. The output ports are designed to handle dual polarization, meaning they can transmit and receive signals that are polarized in two different orientations (e.g., horizontal and vertical). Dual polarization testing is important for evaluating how the antenna array performs under different electromagnetic wave orientations. The output common ports, in conjunction with the feedback from the second conditioning module, control the amplitude and phase of the signals applied to the antenna elements. This level of control ensures that the signals being tested on the antenna array are exactly as intended, allowing for accurate performance evaluation.
The system includes one or more common ports that serve as an output to the antenna elements of the array being tested. These ports are responsible for sending the final signals to the antenna elements. These common ports are communicably coupled with other ports in the system, meaning they are connected in such a way that they can exchange information and signals. This coupling is important for coordinating the signal flow through the system. The main purpose of these common ports is to control the amplitude (signal strength) and phase (timing) of the signals applied to the antenna elements. The control is based on the output signal generated by the second amplitude and phase conditioning module. The output signal from the second conditioning module carries information that is used to adjust the signals being applied to the antenna elements. This creates a feedback loop where the system can continuously fine-tune the signals for optimal performance. By adjusting amplitude and phase, the system can control how the antenna elements interact with the transmitted or received signals, leading to more accurate testing and measurement.
This feature allows the system to precisely control the signals sent to the antenna elements by using the output from the second conditioning module. The dual polarization capability ensures that the system can test the antenna array under various polarization conditions, and the feedback mechanism helps maintain optimal signal characteristics.
In an exemplary implementation, the process begins with the application of common signals via the input ports. These signals are then conditioned by the first module, which adjusts their amplitude and phase to create a complex signal tailored for specific elements of the antenna array.
The second module takes this complex signal and further adjusts it, generating an output signal that is then fed back into the system through the output ports.
The system’s ability to handle dual polarization and precisely control signal characteristics (amplitude and phase) allows for comprehensive testing of the antenna array under various conditions. This ensures that the antenna elements perform optimally across different signal configurations.
In essence, this system is designed to provide a highly controlled environment for testing antenna arrays, enabling precise adjustments and feedback to ensure the antenna elements are evaluated accurately.
In an exemplary embodiment, the input connects at least to a stimulus source or to a receiving unit to supply input signals applied to the antenna elements of the antenna array.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system also includes a control module configured to monitor and program the amplitude and phase values across the antenna testing system, and is further configured to adjust the phase and amplitude of each antenna element in the array to compensate for channel discrepancies.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system also includes a power splitter/combiner unit arranged to distribute and combine signals between the common port and the amplitude and phase from the control module, and is further configured to optimize signal distribution and combination for accurate phase and amplitude control across the antenna array
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system also includes a user interface and associated software configured to control the antenna testing system from an external device, and is further configured to provide real-time visualization and adjustment capabilities for the amplitude and phase settings applied to the antenna elements
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system is configured to automatically correct for phase and amplitude errors caused by hardware imperfections or environmental factors.
In an exemplary embodiment, the vector modulator module sub-system is configured to operate over a wide frequency range to support multi-band antenna array testing.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna testing system further comprising a feedback mechanism that monitors the output signals from the antenna array to dynamically adjust the amplitude and phase settings for optimal performance.
In another embodiment, FIG. 12 illustrates a multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (300) for an antenna testing system (104).
Multi-Channel Vector Modulator-Based Beamforming ASIC (300):The vector modulator-based ASIC is a specialized integrated circuit designed for beamforming applications. In this context, it plays a critical role in controlling the amplitude (signal strength) and phase (timing) of signals across multiple channels. This control is essential for accurate testing and calibration of the antenna array.

The ASIC is multi-channel, meaning it can manage multiple signal paths simultaneously. This capability allows the system to test and calibrate several antenna elements or subsets of the array concurrently, ensuring more efficient and comprehensive testing.
Common Ports as Input (102):These ports are the entry points for the signals into the system. They are connected to the antenna elements under test and configured to receive and apply common input signals to these elements. The common input signals are the baseline signals distributed to the antenna array. These signals are then further processed by the system's conditioning modules.
First Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module Sub-System (106):This module receives the common input signals from the input ports and modifies them. It adjusts the amplitude and phase of the signals to create a complex signal. The output of this module is a complex signal that has been customized in terms of amplitude and phase. This signal is then directed to a selected subset of the antenna elements within the array, enabling targeted testing. The vector modulator-based ASIC plays a role here by providing precise control over the signal modulation, ensuring that the beamforming process (the shaping and directing of signals) is accurate.
Second Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module Sub-System (108): This module is connected to the first conditioning module and further processes the complex signal it receives. The second module refines the complex signal, adjusting its characteristics as necessary to generate an output signal. This signal is used for further testing or calibration. The vector modulator-based ASIC enhances the functionality of this module by ensuring that the adjustments to amplitude and phase are made with high precision, critical for accurate antenna testing.
Common Ports as Output (110):These ports serve as the exit points for the signals from the system. They are connected back to the antenna elements of the array under test. The output ports are responsible for applying the refined signals to the antenna elements. The control over amplitude and phase at this stage ensures that the signals applied to the antenna elements are precisely what is needed for testing. The system may use feedback from the output ports to make further adjustments, ensuring that the signals applied to the antenna array match the desired test conditions.
Beamforming and Calibration: The ASIC's beamforming capabilities allow the system to direct the signals in specific patterns or directions, simulating different operating conditions for the antenna array. This is crucial for testing how the antenna will perform in real-world scenarios where signals may come from different directions. The precise control over amplitude and phase provided by the ASIC enables the system to calibrate the antenna array with high accuracy. Calibration is the process of adjusting the antenna's settings to ensure it performs optimally. The ability to finely tune the signals ensures that the antenna's response can be measured and adjusted accurately.
Overall System Operation: The system begins by receiving common input signals through the input ports. These signals are then modulated by the first and second amplitude and phase conditioning modules, with the ASIC providing precise control over these adjustments. The refined signals are then sent to the antenna elements through the output ports, where they are used to test and calibrate the antenna array. The system may use feedback from the output ports to further refine the signal characteristics. The use of a multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming ASIC ensures that the system can control the signals with high precision, enabling enhanced testing and calibration of the antenna array. This precision is critical for ensuring that the antenna performs as expected in various operational scenarios.
In summary, the integration of a multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming ASIC into this antenna testing system provides advanced control over the signal characteristics, allowing for precise testing and calibration of the antenna array. This capability is essential for ensuring that the antenna elements are accurately evaluated and optimized for real-world performance.
FIG. 13 illustrates a method (200) for controlling amplitude and phase of input signals applied to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
This method claim outlines a process for controlling the amplitude and phase of input signals applied to antenna elements within an antenna array, using an antenna testing system. The steps describe how the system manipulates signals to achieve precise control over these parameters. Let’s break down the working of each step in the method:
Applying Input Signals (Step 202): Input signals are applied to the antenna elements through one or more common ports connected as an input to the antenna testing system. This step initiates the process by introducing signals into the antenna array under test. The input signals serve as the baseline or reference signals that will be further processed by the system. The common ports handle the incoming signals and distribute them to the antenna elements. The signals may be standard or pre-defined, designed to test the performance of the antenna array under specific conditions.
Receiving and Processing by First Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module (Step 204): The first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system receives the applied input signals from the common ports. It processes these signals to output a complex signal with adjustable amplitude and phase. This step is crucial for customizing the input signals. The first module conditions the signals, adjusting their amplitude and phase to create a complex signal that is tailored for specific testing requirements. The complex signal refers to a signal that has been modified to have specific amplitude and phase characteristics. The first module may use various algorithms or signal processing techniques to achieve the desired adjustments. The complex signal is then directed to a subset of the antenna elements, allowing for targeted testing within the array.
Receiving and Further Processing by Second Amplitude and Phase Conditioning Module (Step 206): The second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system receive the complex signal generated by the first module. It further processes this signal and generates an output signal, which is transmitted to a common port with dual polarization capabilities. This step adds another layer of refinement to the signal processing. The second module further adjusts the amplitude and phase, if necessary, to ensure that the output signal is optimized for the next stage of testing or application. The second module works in conjunction with the first module, taking the complex signal and making any additional modifications required. The output signal is then prepared for transmission through the system’s output ports. The dual polarization capability allows the system to handle signals with two different orientations (e.g., horizontal and vertical), which is important for comprehensive testing of the antenna array.
Connecting to Antenna Array and Controlling Amplitude and Phase (Step 208): The output signal generated by the second module is transmitted through one or more common ports connected as an output. These ports are communicably coupled to the common port with dual polarization and connected to the antenna array. This final step ensures that the refined signals are applied to the antenna elements in a controlled manner. The system uses the output signal to precisely control the amplitude and phase of the signals applied to the antenna elements. The connection to the antenna array allows the system to apply the output signal directly to the antenna elements, enabling the testing and calibration of the array. By controlling the amplitude and phase of these signals, the system can simulate various operating conditions and evaluate the performance of the antenna elements. The dual polarization aspect ensures that the signals are applied correctly, regardless of their orientation.
Overall Method Operation:
The method begins by introducing input signals into the antenna testing system through the input ports. These signals are then processed by two successive amplitude and phase conditioning modules, which modify the signals to create complex, refined output signals.
The refined signals are then applied to the antenna elements through the output ports. The system's ability to control the amplitude and phase of these signals ensures that the antenna elements are tested under precise conditions, allowing for accurate performance evaluation and calibration.
This method is designed to ensure that the signals applied to the antenna elements are precisely controlled, enabling thorough testing and calibration of the antenna array. The step-by-step approach allows for detailed signal refinement, resulting in accurate and reliable performance evaluations.
While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.
Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and includes both combinations and sub-combinations of the various features described hereinabove as well as variations and modifications thereof, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
1. An antenna testing system (100) comprising:
one or more common ports connected as an input (102) and to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array under test (104), the input configured to apply common signals;
a first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (106) communicably coupled to the one or more common ports, the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system is configured to receive common signals and output a complex signal with adjustable amplitude and phase to a subset of the antenna array;
a second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (108) communicably coupled to the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (106), the second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (108) is configured to receive the complex signal and generate an output signal to transmit to one or more common ports; and
one or more common ports, either input or output (110) common ports in either transmitter or receiver modes respectively, are distributed to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array under test (104), meaning they are connected in such a way that they can exchange information and signals; and
wherein the one or more common ports are configured to connect to the antenna array to thereby control amplitude and phase of the input signals applied to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array based on the output signal generated by second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system.

2. The antenna testing system of claim 1, wherein the input connects at least to a stimulus source or to a receiving unit to supply input signals applied to the antenna elements of the antenna array.

3. The antenna testing system of claim 1, wherein the antenna testing system further comprises:
a control module configured to monitor and program the amplitude and phase values across the antenna testing system, and is further configured to adjust the phase and amplitude of each antenna element in the array to compensate for channel discrepancies;
a power splitter/combiner unit arranged to distribute and combine signals between the common port and the amplitude and phase from the control module, and is further configured to optimize signal distribution and combination for accurate phase and amplitude control across the antenna array;
a user interface and associated software configured to control the antenna testing system from an external device, and is further configured to provide real-time visualization and adjustment capabilities for the amplitude and phase settings applied to the antenna elements.

4. The antenna testing system of claim 1, wherein the antenna testing system is configured to automatically correct for phase and amplitude errors caused by hardware imperfections or environmental factors.

5. The antenna testing system of claim 1, wherein the vector modulator module sub-system is configured to operate over a wide frequency range to support multi-band antenna array testing.

6. The antenna testing system of claim 1, wherein the antenna testing system further comprising a feedback mechanism that monitors the output signals from the antenna array to dynamically adjust the amplitude and phase settings for optimal performance.

7. A method (200) for controlling amplitude and phase of input signals applied to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array, the method comprising:
applying (202), through one or more common ports connected as an input of an antenna testing system, input signals to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array;
receiving (204), by a first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system of the antenna testing system communicably coupled to the one or more input ports, the applied input signals to output a complex signal with adjustable amplitude and phase to a subset of the antenna array;
receiving (206), by a second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system of the antenna testing system communicably coupled to the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system, the second vector, the complex signal and generate an output signal to transmit to a common port having dual polarization having dual polarization; and
connecting (208), by one or more common ports, either input or output (110) common ports in either transmitter or receiver modes respectively, to the antenna array to thereby control amplitude and phase of the input signals applied to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array based on the output signal generated by second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more input ports connect at least to a stimulus source or to a receiving unit to supply input signals applied to the antenna elements of the antenna array.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
monitoring and regulating, by a control module of the antenna testing system, the amplitude and phase values across the antenna testing system, and further adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna element in the array to compensate for channel discrepancies;
distributing and combining, by a power splitter/combiner unit of the antenna testing system, signals between the common port having dual polarization having dual polarization and the amplitude and phase from the control module, and further optimizing signal distribution and combination for accurate phase and amplitude control across the antenna array;
controlling, through a user interface and associated software of an external device, the antenna testing system, and further providing real-time visualization and adjustment capabilities for the amplitude and phase settings applied to the antenna elements.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprising:
correcting the phase and amplitude errors caused by hardware imperfections or environmental factors; and
operating, by the vector modulator module sub-system, over a wide frequency range to support multi-band antenna array testing.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprising: monitoring, by a feedback mechanism of the antenna testing system, the output signals from the antenna array to adjust the amplitude and phase settings for optimal performance.

12. A multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (300) for an antenna testing system (104), the system comprising:
one or more common ports connected as an input (102) and configured to receive and apply common input signals to one or more antenna elements of an antenna array under test;
a first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (106) communicably coupled to the one or more common ports, the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system configured to receive the common input signals and output a complex signal with adjustable amplitude and phase to a selected subset of the antenna elements within the antenna array;
a second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (108) communicably coupled to the first amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system (104), the second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system configured to receive the complex signal and generate an output signal;
one or more common ports connected as an output (110) to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array under test, the output communicably coupled to the common ports, the output configured to connect to the antenna array and control the amplitude and phase of the input signals applied to the one or more antenna elements of the antenna array, based on the output signal generated by the second amplitude and phase conditioning module sub-system;
wherein the multi-channel vector modulator-based beamforming ASIC provides precise control over the amplitude and phase of the signals transmitted through the antenna array for enhanced testing and calibration of the antenna system.