Antiqravitv Supersonic Spacecraft

The spacecraft has two concentric hollow ellipsoidal shells, magnetically suspended. The two shells suspend each other, thereby resulting in antigravity. The craft is then propelled using magnetic repulsion (Meissner effect). Magnetic belts are used to achieve tilts and turns.

The speciality of the craft is that it can move at supersonic speeds and at the same time halt completely in mid-air. It is also fully functional under water.

Basic Design

Introduction (Refer Diagram - Basic Design)

The craft involves two concentric ellipsoidal shells magnetically suspended.

1) Shell 1 - Outer ellipsoidal shell made up of a Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) Type II superconductor.

2) Shell 2 - Inner ellipsoidal shell made up of electromagnetic segments of a ferromagnetic metal such as iron. Each electromagnet is wound by superconducting coils of a niobium-titanium alloy. When cooled with liquid helium, the electromagnet becomes a superconducting magnet. The inner shell is slightly smaller in diameter than the outer shell and is magnetically suspended by the outer shell.

3) Seating and Piloting area - The seating and piloting area is present inside a ring shaped chamber, which is attached to the outer shell.

The principle behind the working of the craft involves the following: -

1) Magnetic suspension using a YBCO superconductor in Shell 1 and superconducting magnets in Shell 2.

2) Corrective electromagnetic coils to achieve a stable suspension.

3) Digital remote controllers, which are used to control all the processes.

4) Liquid nitrogen poured in the area between Shell 1 and Shell 2.

5) A cryostat containing liquid helium, a heater, a persistent current switch, a polarity reverse switch and a blip resistor system on each superconducting magnet.

6) Magnetic repulsion (Meissner effect) - achieved by the superconducting magnets for propulsion.

7) Rotating magnetic belts placed on Shell 2 for achieving tilts and turns.

8) A huge power source inside Shell 2 that supplies power to Shell 2.

Basic Setup

Shell 1 (outer shell) is a hollow shell made up of a YBCO Type II superconductor. Shell 2 (inner shell) is also a hollow shell completely made up of segments of superconducting magnets. The superconducting magnets are electromagnets made up of iron, wound by superconducting coils of a niobium-titanium alloy. Shell 1 suspends Shell 2 because of magnetic suspension.

Diagram 1 - Process 1

1) Antigravitv (Surround Suspension) View of Shell 1 and Shell 2

Process 1 - Diagram 1

1) Magnetic Suspension

Design every part of Shell 2 (made up of superconducting magnets) with segments exactly as shown in Design X in diagram 1. The segments at the middle should be equal square shaped segments. There are three magnetic belts on Shell 2 that intersect each other at six points. These magnetic belts should also be made up of equal square shaped segments. Out of the three magnetic belts, two magnetic belts intersect each other at both the top and the bottom. That leaves four equal triangular segments at the top and the bottom. The whole inner shell (Shell 2) must be constructed as a single piece for maintaining stability, although it is divided into individual segments.

Each segment in Shell 2 must have digital remote controllers. When turned on, the respective segment should act as an electromagnet. It is then made into a superconducting magnet when cooled with liquid helium. The superconducting magnets must have wiring setup for both polarities and a polarity reverse switch.

Shell 1, which is made up of the YBCO superconductor need not be divided into segments.

Antigravitv (Surround Suspension)

This happens between Shell 1 and Shell 2. First, all the segments in the outer layer of Shell 2 must be equally supplied with high amounts of DC current through the digital remote controllers so that it becomes an electromagnet. You must make sure that each electromagnet has either a strong positive or negative net charge. Then the liquid helium present in a cryostat in each of the electromagnets must be used to cool the electromagnets so that they become superconducting magnets. After that, use the persistent current switches, which are controlled by the digital remote controllers to make the current in each superconducting magnet flow as a loop.

Then, liquid nitrogen is poured in the area between Shell 1 and Shell 2 using digital remote controllers, so that the YBCO superconductor reaches its superconducting state. Now the YBCO superconductor in the inner layer of Shell 1 faces the superconducting magnets in the outer layer of Shell 2. When the YBCO superconductor in the inner layer of Shell 1 becomes active, it suspends the superconducting magnets in the outer layer of Shell 2 and the superconducting magnets in the outer layer of Shell 2 suspend the YBCO superconductor in the inner layer of Shell 1. Because magnetic levitation and suspension happens on all angles and directions of Shell 1 and Shell 2, the two shells suspend each other. This is due to the flux trapping effect. The outer shell is suspended from inside by the inner shell and the inner shell is suspended from outside by the outer shell, thereby achieving antigravity. Shell 1 and Shell 2 are highly subjected to the magnetic field that exists between them and hence the external gravitational pull of Earth will not influence the two shells. Corrective electromagnetic coils are present in every superconducting magnet. These use feedback loop signals to achieve a stable suspension.

Diagram 2 - Tilts and Turns (Showing the 3 magnetic belts placed on Shell 2)
Process 2 (Tilts and Turns) - Diagram 2

For this process, you will need three magnetic belts (belts made up of superconducting magnets) placed on Shell 2 as shown in the figure. In diagram 2, the three magnetic belts carry out a rightward tilt, upward tilt and a right turn. Motors, which are controlled by the digital remote controllers, power the belts up. The belts should be made to rotate as a loop. By activating these belts, you can achieve tilts and turns. For example, for turning right, activate the rightward rotating magnetic belt. The craft will turn in the direction of the magnetic belt. Just reverse the direction of the belts to achieve a leftward tilt, downward tilt and a left turn. The magnetic belts must be equally as strong as the rest of the superconducting magnets in Shell 2 in order to maintain suspension.

What happens in this process is explained below:

When a magnetic belt on Shell 2 is made to rotate by the motors present inside Shell 2, it will cause Shell 1 to rotate in the same direction. As Shell 1 and Shell 2 are attached to each other through magnetic suspension, Shell 2 will also rotate simultaneously. Hence, the whole craft will tilt or turn.

As both the shells will tilt or turn simultaneously along with a rotating belt, the belt's position will never change. So you can activate more than one belt at once and make complex maneuvers.

Process 3 (Direction Controls) - Partial Repulsion - Diagram 3

The principle behind propelling and maneuvering

Note: Diagram depicts the outer layer of Shell 2

First, make sure Shell 1 suspends Shell 2. Now that the YBCO superconductor in the inner layer of Shell 1 and the superconducting magnets in the outer layer Shell 2 are active, reverse the polarity of the current only in the selected green shaded segments in the outer layer of Shell 2 (as shown in Diagram 3). This current should have a net charge of the opposite polarity and it should be sent only to the selected green shaded points via the digital remote controllers to achieve the desired directional movement. There should be polarity reverse switches on all the superconducting magnets, which are controlled by the digital remote controllers, to achieve this. Magnetic repulsion is used to propel the craft (Meissner effect).

By default, Shell 1 suspends Shell 2. When DC current of the opposite polarity is sent only to the selected green shaded points in the outer layer of Shell 2, those points will stop being suspended by Shell 1 and will act as repelling magnets towards Shell 1 due to the Meissner effect.

In this process, you must first turn off the persistent current mode and then cut off the supply of the DC current from the selected green shaded point. Then you must supply DC current with the opposite polarity to the same green shaded point in Shell 2 so that it can repel Shell 1. This will create movement. These green shaded points must act as repelling magnets, which will push the whole craft in any given direction. In this process, Shell 2 repels Shell 1 at one point at a time, creating propulsion (because Shell 2 is attached to Shell 1 through magnetic suspension, propulsion is achieved).

What happens in this process is explained below:

Shell 1 and Shell 2 are suspended because of magnetic suspension. When a select portion of Shell 2 is made to repel Shell 1, first Shell 1 will be repelled. As Shell 1 and Shell 2 are attached to each other through magnetic suspension, Shell 2 will also move simultaneously along with Shell 1. Hence, the whole craft achieves propulsion. In simple words, when the inner shell pushes the outer shell, the outer shell will push the inner shell because of the suspension. Therefore, both the shells (i.e the whole craft) will move simultaneously.

When current of the opposite polarity is supplied at the points as shown in diagram 3, the entire craft will move in the same direction of the activated green shaded points (because Shell 2 is attached to Shell 1 through magnetic suspension, this process will move the entire spacecraft).

You can accelerate and decelerate by increasing and reducing the electricity supplied to these points. In diagram 3, Illustrations A, B, C, D, E, and F correspond to upward, downward, leftward, rightward, forward, and backward movements. You can add more points to achieve propulsion in other directions. Activate one or two points out of the four triangular segments at either the top or the bottom to achieve diagonal movement. To brake, create magnetic repulsion in the point opposite to the direction in which the craft is moving. For example, let us say you have activated the forward button and the craft is moving forward. In order to brake, activate the backward button while holding down the forward button. Vary the electricity supplied to that point to alter the intensity of braking.

Supply the same amount of electricity that you have supplied for propulsion in order to make a sudden stop. To stay static in mid-air, just release all the control buttons. The craft will hover due to antigravity. There should be a blip resistor system on each superconducting magnet to avoid voltage spikes and noise when the current is varied.

Note: Always remember to change the selected green shaded point back to its default polarity before activating another point. Only then will that region of Shell 2 continue to stay suspended by Shell 1.

Note: The green shaded points selected for movement must not be on the magnetic belts because that would hamper the belts' movement. Points for movement must be placed on the sides of the belts.

Power supply & Windings

A huge power source must be placed inside Shell 2. This powers all the superconducting magnets in Shell 2. The windings of the wires for the superconducting magnets in Shells 2 must be between the outer layer and inner layer of each segment, just like a basic electromagnet. Each segment must be connected to the power supply. After the superconducting magnets have been energized and cooled, it can be operated in the persistent current mode without a power supply by short-circuiting each of the superconducting magnets. This is accomplished by using the digital remote controllers to activate the persistent current switch, which connects a section of the superconducting wire across the terminals of each magnet. So the current will now flow as a loop. Only when you need to reverse the polarity of a selected point for achieving movement, you will need a power supply. For reversing the polarity of a particular point, first deactivate the persistent mode and then supply the current.

Power will last for a minimum of three months. Then after that period, you need to use the heater present in the cryostat of every superconducting magnet to bring the superconducting magnets to the resistive state and then re-energize the magnets. So you won't need much power to fly the craft. It just needs constant cooling.

The working in a nutshell

Shell 2 is suspended by Shell 1 and Shell 1 is suspended by Shell 2 through magnetic suspension (surround suspension). This creates antigravity. Magnetic repulsion is used at various points in Shell 2 for propulsion. Then, magnetic belts placed on Shell 2 are used to achieve tilts and turns. This is the principle.

How to build the craft

First, build the outer shell as two equal hemispheres and keep it aside. The two hemispheres should each be made up of a hollow YBCO superconductor. Then build the inner shell using superconducting magnets. Design every part of the inner shell (Shell 2) with segments exactly as shown in Design X in diagram 1. The segments of the superconducting magnets in Shell 2 should be equipped with digital remote controllers that supply and remove electricity at various voltages. The inner shell must be built as a single piece, although it is divided into individual segments. The superconducting magnets in the outer layer Shell 2 have to be lined up next to each other without any gaps to achieve antigravity. Hence, the portion of the superconducting magnets inside Shell 2 must be constructed a bit smaller because there needs to be space for the cryostats, which enclose the windings on every superconducting magnet.

Then the power from a huge power source present inside Shell 2 must be used power up all the electromagnets in Shell 2. The net charge must be either a strong positive or negative charge. Then liquid helium present in a cryostat of every electromagnet must be used to cool the electromagnets so that they become superconducting magnets. Liquid helium should be stored in a reservoir inside Shell 2 and must refill the cryostat whenever necessary. Then, once the electromagnets become superconducting magnets, use the persistent current switch, which is present on every superconducting magnet to make the current flow as a loop.

Then, after completing the above-mentioned process, cool the first hemisphere of the YBCO superconductor using liquid nitrogen and fix it above Shell 2, so that it levitates.

Follow a similar procedure and fix the second hemisphere below Shell 2, so that it also levitates. This will result in antigravity making the craft levitate in mid-air with no electric supply. A liquid nitrogen reservoir must be present inside shell 2 and must pour liquid nitrogen in the area between Shell 1 and Shell 2 through a funnel at regular intervals.

Now Shell 1 suspends Shell 2 through magnetic suspension. Use corrective electromagnetic coils that use feedback loop signals to achieve a stable suspension of Shell 1 and 2.

After that, attach the ring shaped chamber, which is the seating and piloting area, outside Shell 1. The digital remote controllers must be controlled from here.

Then use the control buttons assigned to the various segments as shown in diagram 3 to achieve propulsion (process 3). This is done by supplying a current of the opposite polarity to the selected green shaded segment using the polarity reverse switch. This creates magnetic repulsion, which propels the craft in any direction. Then, use the magnetic belts as described in process 2 to achieve tilts and turns.

The seating and piloting area must have windows in all directions to provide a good view of the surroundings. You should also have external cameras equipped with telescopic capabilities placed in all directions outside the seating and piloting area. It should quickly transmit video signals to the piloting area. The piloting area of the craft must have displays in all directions. This will be necessary in space travel.

Navigation lights or beacons should also be placed surrounding the aircraft in every direction. These should be illuminated while the aircraft operates in darkness.

Then, you will need six retractable stands to rest the craft firmly on the ground. The stands must be placed underneath Shell 1.

Then you must build an outer layer for the craft using an impenetrable non-magnetic metal. This will protect the superconductor in Shell 1 from wear and tear and will also prevent the shell from falling apart, in case the super cooling fails during flight.

Finally, for powering off the craft, you will need non-magnetic rods within each superconducting magnet in Shell 2. There must be a hole in every superconducting magnet and a non-magnetic rod must be within the hole of each superconducting magnet in Shell 2, during flight. There must also be holes in the YBCO superconductor and the non-magnetic rods must extend through the holes of the superconducting magnets in Shell 2, into the holes of the YBCO superconductor in Shell 1. These rods must connect the two shells before powering off. Then use the heater present in the cryostat of every superconducting magnet to bring the superconducting magnets to the resistive state. After that, de-energize the superconducting magnets.

Then to power on the craft, first supply the electricity to the electromagnets and then cool them so that they become superconducting magnets. Then cool the YBCO superconductor. Then use the corrective electromagnetic coils, which are present in every superconducting magnet in Shell 2 and use the feedback loop signals to cause a stable suspension. Then retract the rods into each superconducting magnet in Shell 2.

Note: On total, there should be two holes in every superconducting magnet, one for the non-magnetic rods and another for adding liquid nitrogen between the two shells to cool the YBCO superconductor.

A brief about Superconductors and Superconductivity

Superconductors can make magnets levitate because of a process called diamagnetism or the Meissner effect (named after Walter Meissner who first discovered this effect). First, the superconductor is cooled to the required superconducting critical temperature. In that temperature, when a magnet is brought towards the superconductor, the superconductor will be repelled. For levitating the magnet, the magnet is brought even closer to the superconductor in order for the flux trapping effect to take place. The flux trapping effect is an effect where the superconductor and the magnet both attract and repel at the same time, maintaining a fixed distance in between. This causes the magnet to levitate above the superconductor. When the magnet is picked up, the superconductor will come along with it, also due to the flux trapping effect. This process is called magnetic suspension.

Now when we forcefully separate the magnet, then turn the magnet to the opposite polarity, and bring it close to the superconductor, the superconductor will be repelled again. If we turn the magnet back to the initial polarity, the superconductor will be attracted by the magnet and will be pulled closer to once again engage in the flux trapping effect.

Description of the UFO design

This design uses superconducting magnets instead of electromagnets. Simply because unlike electromagnets, superconducting magnets don't need a constant supply of electricity. Using the persistent current mode, they can retain the magnetic field even after the power supply is turned off. There are two ellipsoidal shells in my design. The outer shell is made up of a Yttrium barium copper oxide superconductor and the inner shell is made up of superconducting magnets. The two shells are made to suspend each other using the flux trapping effect as described above. The outer shell is suspended from inside by the inner shell and the inner shell is suspended from outside by the outer shell, thereby achieving antigravity, purely through static magnetic fields. The magnetic field between the two shells is high, and hence the external gravitational pull of earth will not affect the craft.

Then the polarity of a select portion of the superconducting magnets in the inner shell is reversed, causing the craft to move in the direction of that particular point. The whole craft moves due to magnetic suspension. First, the outer shell will be repelled, then the inner shell will follow simultaneously along with the outer shell due to magnetic suspension. In simple words, when the inner shell pushes the outer shell, the outer shell will push the inner shell. Therefore, both the shells (i.e the whole craft) will move simultaneously. It's just like pushing the craft from outside, except here, the repulsion happens inside, between Shells 1 and 2. After the movement is achieved and the respective segment is switched back to the initial polarity, that segment will once again engage in the flux trapping effect. So this is the principle.

The theory of using magnetic belts for tilting and turning is based on the following observation. When two magnets are brought close to one another, but not close enough so that they stick to each other and one magnet is moved around the other magnet, the other magnet follows and rotates around the moving magnet. So in the UFO design, when a magnetic belt moves, first shell 1 will rotate. Then shell 2 will also follow shell 1, due to the suspension. Hence, the whole craft will tilt of turn.

Surround suspension can be explained using just electromagnets. Let us have two ellipsoidal shells both made up of electromagnets. Shell 1 is the outer shell made up of electromagnets and Shell 2 is the inner shell also made up of electromagnets. Let all the electromagnets in Shell 1 have the opposite polarity of all the electromagnets in Shell 2. And let Shell 1 have a positive net charge and let Shell 2 have a negative net charge.

Shell 1 and Shell 2 are attracting electromagnets by default. This creates a strong attraction between Shell 1 and Shell 2. As there is attraction between Shell 1 and Shell 2 on all angles and directions, the two shells suspend each other. Of course, for this to be achieved there should be corrective electromagnetic coils in each electromagnet, so that a stable suspension is achieved. Now the outer shell suspends the inner shell and the inner shell suspends the outer shell, thereby resulting in antigravity. This will cause the craft to hover and stand still in mid air at any point within the atmosphere. And then, the electromagnets in Shell 2 repel the electromagnets in Shell 1 at one point at a time, hence propelling the craft in the selected direction.

5. CLAIMS.

I, S.Kaushik son of R.Subramanian aged about 25 years residing at Old no 6 New No 11 Vijayalakshmy Street, Mahalingapuram, Chennai-600 034, claim as follows:-

I am the sole inventor of "ANTIGRAVITY SUPERSONIC SPACECRAFT" which has has two concentric hollow ellipsoidal shells, magnetically suspended. The two shells suspend each other, thereby resulting in antigravity. The craft is then propelled using magnetic repulsion (Meissner effect). Magnetic belts are used to achieve tilts and turns.

The speciality of the craft is that it can move at supersonic speeds and at the same time halt completely in mid-air. It is also fully functional under water.
As such I am entitled to the following claims.

CLAIMS.

1. Antigravity Technology

2. Magnetic Suspension based lift and propulsion

3. Magnetic Suspension based tilts and turns