ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS WITH A HETEROTRICYCLE MOIETY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to antiviral compounds, their tautomeric forms,
their stereoisomers, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more such compounds, and
methods of treating viral infection.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
The present application claims the benefit of Indian Provisional Patent
Application Nos. 0147/KOL/2012 filed 10th February 2012, and
1017/KOL/2012 filed 4th September 2012, the disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem globally
affecting ~3% of the world population and is an important contributor to
chronic liver disease culminating with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma
and liver failure [Szabo E, Lotz G, et al., Pathol. Oncol. Res., 2003, 9, 215-221;
Hoofnagle JH., Hepatology, 1997, 26 15S-20]. An estimated 170 million chronic
carriers worldwide are at risk of developing liver disease. In the United States
alone ~3 million are chronically infected with HCV and the number of HCV
related deaths is increasing significantly over the years [Barnes E., WHO
factsheet 2010. Available at:
http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/viral_cancers/en/index2.html].
Clinically, chronic infection is often asymptomatic with latent periods lasting for
decades before manifestation by which time extensive liver damage has
occurred. HCV is spread primarily by unscreened blood transfusions and use of
contaminated needles and syringes; the highest risk groups are intravenous
drug users and people who received blood transfusions (mainly haemophiliacs)
before 1990 when screening for HCV was introduced. Factors that have been
reported to influence the rate of HCV disease progression include age
(increasing age is associated with more rapid progression), gender (males have
more rapid disease progression than females), alcohol consumption (associated
with an increased rate of disease progression), HIV co-infection (associated with
a markedly increased rate of disease progression), and fatty liver.
The standard therapy for HCV was a combination of pegylated interferon (PEGIFN)
a and weight based ribavarin (RBV), which was inadequate for majority of
the patients and therapy associated side effects such as pancytopenia, flu-like
symptoms or depression were commonly observed leading to early treatment
discontinuation [Fried MW, et a , N. Engl. J . Med., 2002, 347- 975-982]. The
approval of two direct acting agents (DAA), i.e., 1st generation protease
inhibitors, Incivek and Victrelis in May 201 1 ushered in the era of specifically
targeted HCV therapy [Jesudian AB, Gambarin-Gelwan M and Jacobson IM.,
Gastroenterology Hepatol. 2012, 8, 91-101].
The combination of above mentioned DAAs, PEG-IFN and RBV (triple therapy)
substantially increased the rate of sustained virologic response in the treatment
naive and experienced patients. However, a number of issues restrict the usage
of these drugs - i) complex treatment algorithms issued by the regulatory
bodies; ii) they are restricted to genotype 1; iii) low barrier to resistance
mutations and/or iv) increased cost of therapy leading to only limited access to
care. Hence, there exists a need for alternative therapeutic strategies that
provide a broader genotype coverage, better efficacy, better tolerance and/ or
limited selection of resistant HCV variants.
The sequence diversity of HCV is complex with the virus organized into 6
distinct genotypes and over 100 subtypes. Additionally, HCV exists as many
closely related viral sequences, termed as quasi-species, in the infected
individual, making specific pharmaceutical targeting of HCV proteins
challenging due to the rapid evolution of escape mutants. It is increasingly
evident that a broad collection of specific, pan genotypic anti-viral drugs
targeting multiple essential viral functions, in addition to the current viral
therapies, will be required for effective global control of HCV.
Disclosures describing HCV inhibitors include US 2009/0202478, US
2009/0202483, WO 2009/020828, WO 2009/020825, WO 2009/102318, WO
2009/102325, WO 2009/102694, WO 2008/144380, WO 2008/021927, WO
2008/021928, WO 2008/021936, WO 2006/133326, WO 2004/014852, WO
2008/070447, WO 2009/034390, WO 2006/079833, WO 2007/031791, WO
2007/070556, WO 2007/070600, WO 2008/064218, WO 2008/154601, WO
2007/082554, WO 2008/048589, EP 2121697, US 8008264, US 8008263, US
201 1/0217265, US 201 1/0217261, US 8012982, US 8012942, US 8012941,
US 201 1/0223134, WO 201 1/106992, WO 2011/106929, US 201 1/0237636,
US 20110/237579, US 201 1/0236348, US 2011/0250176, US 201 1/0250172,
US 201 1/269956, US 201 1/274648, EP 2385048, US 201 1/0281910, US
201 1/0286961, US 201 1/0294819, US 201 1/0293563, US 2011/300104, WO
201 1/156543, WO 2011/153396, WO 201 1/151652, WO 201 1/151651, US
2012/004196, US 8093243, US 8101643, US 2012/0028978, WO
2012/018534, WO 2012/018325, WO 2012/021704, WO 2012/021591, US
2012/0040977, US 2012/0040962, WO 2012/024363, EP 2086995, EP
20491 16, US 8133884, US 2012/0076755, EP 2250163, US 8143414, US
8143301, US 8143288, US 2012/0083483, US 8147818, WO 2012/039717,
WO 2012/041227, WO 2012/041014, EP 2146984, US 8188132, and US
8198449, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides antiviral compounds of the general formula (I):
their tautomeric forms, their isomers, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
pharmaceutical composition containing them, methods of making the above
compounds, and their use as antiviral compounds; wherein A, B, U, and R -R7,
m, n , and q are described in detail below.
Acccording to one aspect of the present invention there is provided compounds
represented by the general formula I , its tautomeric forms, its stereoisomers, its
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their combinations with suitable medicament
and pharmaceutical compositions containing them having a broader spectrum
of activity as they show inhibitory actions against multiple genotypes of HCV
with high potency.
The present invention also provide compounds represented by the general
formula I , its tautomeric forms, its stereoisomers, its pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, their combinations with suitable medicament and
pharmaceutical compositions containing them having good stability in human
liver microsomes and promising oral bioavailability with enhanced liver
concentrations and high liver to plasma ratio.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I):
their tautomeric forms, their isomers, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
pharmaceutical composition containing them, methods of making of the above
compounds, and their use as antiviral compounds;
wherein,
A is selected from -CR7=, -C(H)(R7)- and -0-;
B is selected from -C(R )= and -S-;
U is selected from -N= and -S-;
with a proviso that B and U both cannot be S at the time;
" " represents a single or double bond;
R and R4 are divalent groups, each of which along with the respective carbon
atoms to which they are attached form a 3 to 7 membered carbocyclic ring or a
5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen, and optionally oxygen;
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl, substituted- or
unsubstituted- aryl, substituted- or unsubstituted- heteroaryl, substituted- or
unsubstituted- heterocyclyl, R aC(=0)-, R aS(=0) 2- , R OC(=0)-, (R )R NC(=0)-,
R aOC(=0)N (R9)CR (Ra)C(=0)-, R aOC(=0)N (R9)CR (Ra)C(Rd R )C(=0)-,
R aC(=0)N (R9)C(R )(Ra)C(=0)-, R aC(=0)N (R9)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0)-,
(R9)R NC(=0)N(R °)C(R )(Ra)C(=0)-, and R9(R )NC(=0)N(R °)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0)-
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substitutedor
unsubstituted- alkyl, and substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl;
R7 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, and substituted- or unsubstituted C 1-3
alkyl;
R8 is selected from hydrogen, substituted- or unsubstituted- alkyl, substitutedor
unsubstituted- cycloalkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- aryl, substitutedor
unsubstituted- heteroaryl, and substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocyclyl;
R and R 0 are each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl;
R a is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl, substituted- or
unsubstituted- aryl, substituted- or unsubstituted- heteroaryl, and substitutedor
unsubstituted- heterocyclyl;
Ra , Rb, R and Rd, are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted- or
unsubstituted- Ci-6 alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- aryl, substituted- or
unsubstituted- heteroaryl, substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl, and
substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocyclyl, or Ra , Rb, R and Rd together with
the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached forming substituted- or
unsubstituted- carbocycle, or substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocycle;
m and n are integers independently selected from 0 and 1;
q is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3 ;
when the alkyl group is a substituted alkyl group, the alkyl group is substituted
with 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from oxo, halogen, cyano,
perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, Rl l aO-, (alkyl)S(=0)2- ,
(alkyl)C(=0)-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-, RnN(H)C(=0)-, Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, R N(H)-, Rn(alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and
R (alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-;
when the 'cycloalkyl' and the carbocyclic groups are substituted, each of them is
substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected independently from oxo, halogen,
cyano, Ci-6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl, R -, (alkyl)S(=0)2- , (alkyl)C(=0)-,
(alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-, R"(H)NC(=0)-, Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, Rn(H)N-, Rn(alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and
R (alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-;
when the aryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents
selected independently from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, Ci-6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl,
alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O-, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-, H2N-, alkyl-S(=0) 2- , alkyl-
C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-, alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-, alkyl(H)NC(=0)-,
H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- , alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- , and H2NS(=0)2- ;
when the heteroaryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3
substituents selected independently from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, Ci alkyl,
perhaloalkyl, alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O-, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-, H2N-, alkylS(=
0) - , alkyl-C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-, alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
alkyl(H)NC(=0)-, H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- , alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- , and
H2NS(=0)2- ;
when the heterocyclic group is substituted, it can be substituted either on a
ring carbon atom or on a ring hetero atom, when it substituted on a ring carbon
atom, it is substituted with 1-3 substituents selected independently from
halogen, cyano, oxo, Ci- 6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl, R a O-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)0-, R"(H)NC (=0)-, R (alkyl)NC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, R"(H)N-,
R (alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC (=0)N(H)-, and R (alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-; and
when the 'heterocyclic' group is substituted on a ring nitrogen, it is substituted
with a substituent selected from Ci- 6 alkyl, (alkyl)S0 2- , (alkyl)C(=0)-,
(alkyl)OC(=0)-, R"(H)NC (=0)-, and R (alkyl)NC(=0)-;
R 11 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and
heterocyclyl;
R l l a is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl,
and heterocyclyl.
R 1 and R4 can be any suitable divalent groups, for example, Ci- alkylenyl
groups, particularly, -CH2- or -CH2CH2- .
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from R aC (=0)-, R aS (=0)2- ,
R aOC (=0)-, (R )R NC (=0)-, R aOC (=0)N(R )CR b (Ra )C (=0)-,
R aOC (=0)N(R9)CRb (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-, R aC (=0)N(R9)C(R b)(R a )C (=0)-,
R aC (=0)N(R )CR (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-, (R9)R NC (=0)N(R °)C(R )(R a)C (=0)-, and
R9 (R )NC (=0)N(R °)CR (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-.
R and R3 are each independently selected from R aOC (=0)N(R )CR (Ra )C(=0)-,
R aOC (=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-, R aC (=0)N(R )C(R )(R a )C (=0)-,
R aC (=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-, (R9)R NC (=0)N(R °)C(R )(R a)C (=0)-, and
R9 (R )NC (=0)N(R °)CR (Ra)C(R d)(R c)C (=0)-.
R and R3 both are particularly selected as R aOC(=0)N(R )CR (Ra)C(=0)-.
R5 and R6 are each particularly selected from hydrogen and halogen;
Whenever a range of the number of atoms in a structure is indicated (e.g., a C i
12, Ci-8, Ci-6, or Ci-4 alkyl, alkylamino, etc.), it is specifically contemplated that
any sub-range or individual number of carbon atoms falling within the indicated
range also can be used. Thus, for instance, the recitation of a range of 1-8
carbon atoms (e.g., Ci-Cs), 1-6 carbon atoms (e.g., i - b , 1-4 carbon atoms
(e.g., C1-C4), 1-3 carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C3), or 2-8 carbon atoms (e.g., C2-C8) as
used with respect to any chemical group (e.g., alkyl, alkylamino, etc.) referenced
herein encompasses and specifically describes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
and/or 12 carbon atoms, as appropriate, as well as any sub-range thereof (e.g.,
1-2 carbon atoms, 1-3 carbon atoms, 1-4 carbon atoms, 1-5 carbon atoms, 1-6
carbon atoms, 1-7 carbon atoms, 1-8 carbon atoms, 1-9 carbon atoms, 1-10
carbon atoms, 1-1 1 carbon atoms, 1-12 carbon atoms, 2-3 carbon atoms, 2-4
carbon atoms, 2-5 carbon atoms, 2-6 carbon atoms, 2-7 carbon atoms, 2-8
carbon atoms, 2-9 carbon atoms, 2-10 carbon atoms, 2-1 1 carbon atoms, 2-12
carbon atoms, 3-4 carbon atoms, 3-5 carbon atoms, 3-6 carbon atoms, 3-7
carbon atoms, 3-8 carbon atoms, 3-9 carbon atoms, 3-10 carbon atoms, 3-1 1
carbon atoms, 3-12 carbon atoms, 4-5 carbon atoms, 4-6 carbon atoms, 4-7
carbon atoms, 4-8 carbon atoms, 4-9 carbon atoms, 4-10 carbon atoms, 4-1 1
carbon atoms, and/or 4-12 carbon atoms, etc., as appropriate).
One of the embodiments of the present invention is a compound of formula (la):
Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of formula (lb) :
A further embodiment of the present invention is a compound of formula (Ic):
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is compound of formula (Id):
In any of the embodiments described above, R2 and R3 both are particularly
selected as
In any of the embodiments described above, R5 and R6 are particularly selected
independently from hydrogen and halogen.
General terms used in the description of the formula above can be defined as
follows; however, the meaning stated should not be interpreted as limiting the
scope of the term per se.
The term "alkyl", as used herein, means a straight or branched hydrocarbyl
chain containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl group
contains 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, alkyl group contains up to 6
carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl,
ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,
isopentyl, neopentyl, and n-hexyl.
In a substituted alkyl group, the alkyl group is substituted with 1 to 4
substituents selected independently from oxo, halogen, cyano, perhaloalkyl,
cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, R , (alkyl)S(=0)2-, (alkyl)C(=0)-,
(alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-, RnN(H)C(=0)-, Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, R N(H)-, Rn(alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and
R1 1(alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-; wherein, R1 1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; and R a is selected from hydrogen, alkyl,
perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein, means a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic
non-aromatic ring system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably
monocyclic cycloalkyl ring containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of
monocyclic ring systems include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Bicyclic ring systems include monocyclic ring
system fused across a bond with another cyclic system which may be an
alicyclic ring or an aromatic ring Bicyclic rings also include spirocyclic systems
wherein the second ring gets annulated on a single carbon atom. Bicyclic ring
systems are also exemplified by a bridged monocyclic ring system in which two
non-adjacent carbon atoms of the monocyclic ring are linked by an alkylene
bridge. Examples of bicyclic ring systems include, but are not limited to,
bicyclo[3.1. l]heptane, bicyclo[2.2. l]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane,
bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, bicyclo[3.3. l]nonane, and bicyclo[4.2. l]nonane,
bicyclo[3.3.2]decane, bicyclo[3. 1.0]hexane, bicyclo[410]heptane,
bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes, octahydro- lH-indene, spiro[2.5]octane, spiro[4.5]decane,
spiro[bicyclo[4. 1.0]heptane-2, l'-cyclopentane], hexahydro-2'Hspiro[
cyclopropane-l, l'-pentalene]. Tricyclic ring systems are the systems
wherein the bicyclic systems as described about are further annulated with
third ring, which may be alicyclic ring or aromatic ring. Tricyclic ring systems
are also exemplified by a bicyclic ring system in which two non-adjacent carbon
atoms of the bicyclic ring are linked by a bond or an alkylene bridge. Examples
of tricyclic-ring systems include, but are not limited to,
tricyclo[3.3. 1.03 7]nonane and tricyclo[3.3. 1.13 7]decane (adamantane).
The term "carbocycle" as used herein, means a cyclic system made up of
carbon atoms, which includes cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and aryl.
When the cycloalkyl or the carbocyclic groups' are substituted, they are
substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected independently from oxo, halogen,
cyano, Ci-6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl, R -, (alkyl)S(=0)2- , (alkyl)C(=0)-,
(alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-, R"(H)NC(=0)-, Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, RnfH)N-, Rn(alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and
R (alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-; wherein, R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; and R a is selected from hydrogen, alkyl,
perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
The term "aryl" refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon ring system. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl,
anthracenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, and the like. Aryl group also includes
partially saturated bicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as
tetrahydro-naphthalene.
When the aryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents
selected independently from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, Ci-6 alkyl,
perhaloalkyl, alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O-, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-, H2N-, alkyl-
S(=0) - , alkyl-C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-, alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
alkyl(H)NC(=0)-, H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- , alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- , and
H2NS(=0)2- .
The term 'het eroaryl." refers to a 5- 14 membered monocyclic, bicyclic, or
tricyclic ring system having 1-4 ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and
the remainder ring atoms being carbon (with appropriate hydrogen atoms
unless otherwise indicated), wherein at least one ring in the ring system is
aromatic. Heteroaryl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more
substituents. In one embodiment, 0, 2, 3, or 4 atoms of each ring of a
heteroaryl group may be substituted by a substituent. Examples of heteroaryl
groups include, but not limited to pyridyl, 1-oxo-pyridyl, furanyl, thienyl,
pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, tliiazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl,
pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, py az r yl, triazinyl. triazolyl,
thiadiazolyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolizinyl,
imidazopyridyl, tetrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,
benzoxadiazolyl, indolyl, azaindolyi, imidazopyridyl, quinazolinyl, purinyl,
pyiTolo[2,3jpyrimidinyl, pyrazolo [3,4 ]pyrimidinyl, and benzo(bJthienyl, 2,3-
thiadiazolyl, lH-pyrazolo[5, l-cj-l ,2,4 -triazolyl, pyrrolo[3,4-d]-l,2,3-triazo]yl,
cyclopentatriazolyl, 3H-pyrrolo [3 ,4-c] isoxazolyl, 2,3 -dihydro-benzo[l ,4]dioxin-6-
yl, 2,3 -dihydro-benzo[l ,4]dioxin-5-yl, 2,3 -dihydro-benzofuran -5-yl, 2,3 -dihydrobenzofuran
-4-yl, 2,3 -dihydro-benzofuran -6-yl, 2,3 -dihydro-benzofuran -6-yl,
2,3 -dihydro- lH-indol -5-yl, 2,3 -dihydro- lH-indol -4-yl, 2,3 -dihydro- lH-indol -6-
yl, 2,3 -dihydro- lH-indol -7-yl, benzo[l ,3]dioxol-4-yl, benzo[l ,3]dioxol-5-yl,
1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroquinolinyl , 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl , 2,3-
dihydrobenzothien -4-yl, 2-oxoindolin -5-yl and the like.
When the heteroaryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3
substituents selected independently from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, Ci 6
alkyl, perhaloalkyl, alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O-, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-, H2N-,
alkyl-S(=0)2- , alkyl-C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-, alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-,
alkyl(H)NC(=0)-, H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- , alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- and
H2NS(=0)2- .
The term "heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" as used herein, means a 'cycloalkyF
group wherein one or more of the carbon atoms replaced by -0-, -S-, -S(0 2)-, -
S(O)-, -N(Rm)-, -Si(R )R - , wherein, Rm and R are independently selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl. The heterocycle
may be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or
any nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle. Examples of monocyclic
heterocycle include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, azepanyl, aziridinyl,
diazepanyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,3-dithiolanyl, 1,3-dithianyl,
imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl,
isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxadiazolinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, oxazolinyl,
oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl.
pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thiadiazolinyl,
thiadiazolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1. 1-
dioxidothiomorpholinyl (thiomorpholine sulfone), thiopyranyl, and trithianyl.
Examples of bicyclic heterocycle include, but are not limited to 1,3-
benzodioxolyl, 1,3-benzodithiolyl, 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxinyl, 2,3-dihydro-lbenzofuranyl,
2,3-dihydro-l-benzothienyl, 2,3-dihydro-l H-indolyl and 1,2,3,4-
tetrahydroquinolinyl. The term heterocycle also include bridged heterocyclic
systems such as azabicyclo[3.2. l]octane, azabicyclo[3.3. l]nonane and the like.
The heterocyclic group, when it is substituted, it may be substituted on a ring
carbon atom or a ring hetero atom. For example, it is substituted on a ring
carbon with 1-3 substituents selected independently from halogen, nitro,
cyano, oxo, Ci- 6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl, R - , (alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-,
R (H)NC (=0)-, R (alkyl)NC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, Rn(H)N-, R (alkyl)N-,
Rn(H)NC (=0)N(H)-, and R (alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-; wherein, R " is selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; and R l l a is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and
heterocyclyl.
When the heterocyclic group is substituted on ring nitrogen, it is substituted
with a substituent selected from C i alkyl, (alkyl)S02-, (alkyl)C(=0)-,
(alkyl)OC(=0)-, R (H)NC(=0)-, and R (alkyl)NC(=0)-; wherein, R " is selected
from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; and R l l a is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and
heterocyclyl.
When a parent group is substituted with an "oxo" group, it means a divalent
oxygen (=0) becomes attached to a carbon atom of the parent group. For
example, when a CH2 group is substituted with an oxo substituent, the parent
CH2 group becomes a carbonyl (C=0) group; thus, oxo substituted on
cyclohexane forms a cyclohexanone, for example.
The term "annulated" means the ring system under consideration is either
annulated with another ring at a carbon atom of the cyclic system or across a
bond of the cyclic system as in the case of spiro or fused ring systems.
The term "bridged" means the ring system under consideration contain an
alkylene bridge having 1 to 4 methylene units joining two non-adjacent ring
atoms.
In a specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound, its stereoisomers,
racemates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as described hereinabove
wherein the compound of general formula I is selected from:
1. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,9b-dihydro-3aH-thieno[3,2-
c]chromene-2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 1);
2. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-
]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-
methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 2);
3. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-
d ]oxepine- 2,8- diyl)bis (4-chloro- 1H-imidazole- 5,2- diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 2, 1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 3);
4. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-d]thiazole-2,7-
diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-loxobutane-
2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 4);
5. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-
2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-loxobutane-
2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 5);
6. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(3-chloro-4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-
b]thiophene- 2,7- diyl)bis (4-chloro- 1H-imidazole- 5,2- diyl))bis (pyrrolidine-2 ,1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 6);
7. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-loxobutane-
2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 7);
8. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6,7]cyclohepta[l,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 8);
9. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6, 7]cyclohepta[ 1,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(4-chloro- lH-imidazole-
5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 9);
10. dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((li?, i?,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-3,3'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-
b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-
azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-3,2-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 10); and
11.methyl ((S)-l-((S)-2-(5-(2-(2-((li?,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)amino-3-
methylbutanoyl) -2-azabicyclo [2 .2.1]hep tan- 3-yl) -1H-imidazol- 5-
yl)naphtho [1,2-b]thiophen- 7-yl)- 1H-imidazol- 2-yl)pyrrolidin- 1-yl) -3-methyll-
oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (Compound 11).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of general
formula (I) where all the symbols are as defined earlier can be prepared by
methods illustrated in the schemes below and in the examples. Representative
procedures are shown below, however; the disclosure should not be construed
to limit the scope of the invention arriving at compound of formula (I) as
disclosed hereinabove.
Scheme 1
A = CH2, 0 ; q = 1-3,
X = halogen
SCHEME 1
Halogenation of 1 (synthesized according to methods described in EP 1650202)
using a halogenating agent such as bromine lead to the formation of 2 , which
on Stille coupling gives rise to compound 3 . Alternately, direct Friedel Crafts
acylation of 1 leads to the formation 3 . Halogenation of 3 using halogenating
agents like NBS, NCS, NIS, bromine and iodine leads to the synthesis of 4
(where X = halogen) which undergoes O-alkylation using Boc-L-proline leading
to the formation of 5 as shown in Scheme 1. Cyclization of 5 using a reagent
like ammonium acetate in toluene, xylene, or 1,4-dioxane leads to the formation
of 6 . The intermediate 6 thus obtained is deprotected under acidic conditions
and the amine thus obtained is coupled with acid such as (S)-2-
[(methoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid using methods known in the
art to generate the compounds of formula (I) .
An alternative way for the synthesis of compound of general formula (I)
containing the thiophene tricycle is illustrated in Scheme 2 and is starting from
a benzo fused cyclic ketone such as 7 and then converting it to chloro vinyl
aldehyde 8 by the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Base mediated cyclisation of 8 with
mercaptoacetone generates the tricycle such as 9 , which on Friedel Crafts
acylation provides the diacetyl tricycle 10. Alpha halogenation of the acetyl
group or hydroxylation followed by protection in one step provides the
intermediate 11 (where Z depicts leaving groups such as Br, I , CI, OTs, OMs),
which is further converted to the compound of general formula (I) by a sequence
of O-alkylation, cyclisation, aromatisation (in case of aromatic tricycle) and
peptide coupling as shown in Scheme 1.
Scheme 3
For incorporating an oxygen atom in the middle ring of the tricycle, the starting
compound is bromobenzo fused pyranone or oxepanone 12, which is converted
to the chloro vinyl aldehyde 13 by the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Base mediated
cyclisation of 13 with mercaptoacetone provides tricycles such as 14. A Stille
reaction on this intermediate provides the diacetyl tricycle 15. Alpha
halogenation of the acetyl group or hydroxylation followed by protection in one
step provides the intermediate 16 (where Z depicts leaving groups such as Br, I ,
CI, OTs, OMs), which is then converted to the compound of general formula (I)
by a sequence of O-alkylation, cyclisation, and peptide coupling as shown in
Scheme 1.
The intermediates and the compounds of the present invention are obtained,
e.g., in pure form, in a manner known per se, for example by distilling off the
solvent in vacuum and re-crystallizing the residue obtained from a suitable
solvent, such as pentane, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, chloroform,
dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone or their combinations or subjecting it to
one of the purification methods, such as column chromatography (e.g., flash
chromatography) on a suitable support material such as alumina or silica gel
using eluent such as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, acetone
and their combinations. Preparative HPLC method is also used for the
purification of molecules described herein.
Salts of the compounds of formula (I) are obtained by dissolving the compound
in a suitable solvent, for example, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, such as
methylene chloride or chloroform or a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol,
for example, ethanol or isopropanol, which is then treated with the desired acid
or base, for example, as described in Berge S. M. et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts, a
review article," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, volume 66, page 1-19 (1977)"
and in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts - Properties, Selection, and Use,
by P. H. Einrich Stahland Camille G. wermuth, Wiley- VCH (2002). Lists of
suitable salts can also be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th
ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1990, p. 1445, and Journal of
Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2-19 (1977). For example, they can be a salt of an
alkali metal (e.g., sodium or potassium), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium), or
ammonium salt.
The compound of the invention or a composition thereof can potentially be
administered as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid- addition, base neutralized
or addition salt, formed by reaction with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric
acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, thiocyanic acid, sulfuric
acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid,
propionic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid,
succinic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, or by reaction with an inorganic
base, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide. The conversion to a salt
is accomplished by treatment of the base compound with at least a
stoichiometric amount of an appropriate acid. Typically, the free base is
dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate,
chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and the like, and the acid is added in a similar
solvent. The mixture is maintained at a suitable temperature (e.g., between 0°C
and 50°C). The resulting salt precipitates spontaneously or can be brought out
of solution with a less polar solvent.
The stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I of the present invention may
be prepared by stereospecific synthesis or resolution of the racemic compound
using an optically active amine, acid or complex forming agent, and separating
the diastereomeric salt/ complex by fractional crystallization or by column
chromatography.
The compounds of the invention, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers,
their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their combinations with suitable
medicament and pharmaceutical compositions containing them exhibited a
broader spectrum of activity as they show inhibitory actions against multiple
genotypes of HCV with high potency.
The compounds of the invention, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers,
their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their combinations with suitable
medicament and pharmaceutical compositions containing them, have
demonstrated good stability in human liver microsomes and exhibited
promising oral bioavailability in preclinical species with enhanced liver
concentrations and high liver to plasma ratio.
Compounds of the present invention were prepared using synthetic schemes
provided below:
Compounds 1 to 3 were prepared by following the route illustrated in Scheme I :
Compound 4 was prepared by following the route illustrated in Scheme II:
SCHEME II
Compounds 5-9 were prepared by following the route illustrated in Scheme III:
Compound 10 was prepared by following the route illustrated in Scheme IV:
SCHEME IV
Compound 11 was prepared by following the route illustrated in Scheme V:
SCHEME V
A further embodiment of the present invention includes pharmaceutical
compositions comprising any single compound, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, a
combination of two or more compounds delineated herein, tautomers, or
isomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or salts thereof, with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
Yet a further embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising any single compound, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or
a combination of two or more compounds delineated herein, tautomers, or
isomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or salts thereof, in
combination with one or more agents known in the art, with a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier or excipient.
The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (or excipient) is preferably one that is
chemically inert to the compound of the invention and one that has no
detrimental side effects or toxicity under the conditions of use. Such
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers preferably include saline (e.g., 0.9%
saline), Cremophor EL (which is a derivative of castor oil and ethylene oxide
available from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) (e.g., 5% Cremophor EL/5%
ethanol/90% saline, 10% Cremophor EL/90% saline, or 50% Cremophor
EL/50% ethanol), propylene glycol (e.g., 40% propylene glycol/ 10%
ethanol/50% water), polyethylene glycol (e.g., 40% PEG 400/60% saline), and
alcohol (e.g., 40% ethanol/ 60% water). A preferred pharmaceutical carrier is
polyethylene glycol, such as PEG 400, and particularly a composition
comprising 40% PEG 400 and 60% water or saline. The choice of carrier will be
determined in part by the particular compound chosen, as well as by the
particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there is a
wide variety of suitable formulations of the pharmaceutical composition of the
present invention.
The formulations for oral, aerosol, parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous,
intra- arterial, intramuscular, inter-peritoneal, rectal, and vaginal administration
are merely exemplary and are in no way limiting.
The pharmaceutical compositions can be administered parenterally, e.g.,
intravenously, intra- arterially, subcutaneously, intra-dermally, intra-thecally, or
intramuscularly. Thus, the invention provides compositions for parenteral
administration that comprise a solution of the compound of the invention
dissolved or suspended in an acceptable carrier suitable for parenteral
administration, including aqueous and non-aqueous, isotonic sterile injection
solutions.
Overall, the requirements for effective pharmaceutical carriers for parenteral
compositions are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See
Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia,
PA, Banker and Chalmers, eds., pages 238-250 (1982), and ASHP Handbook on
Injectable Drugs, Toissel, 4th ed., pages 622-630 (1986). Such compositions
include solutions containing anti- oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes
that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient,
and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions that can include suspending
agents, solubilizers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and preservatives. The
compound can be administered in a physiologically acceptable diluent in a
pharmaceutical carrier, such as a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids, including
water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, an alcohol, such as
ethanol, isopropanol (for example in topical applications), or hexadecyl alcohol,
glycols, such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide,
glycerol ketals, such as 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, ethers, such as
poly(ethyleneglycol) 400, an oil, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester or glyceride, or an
acetylated fatty acid glyceride with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically
acceptable surfactant, such as a soap or a detergent, suspending agent, such as
pectin, carbomers, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or
carboxymethylcellulose, or emulsifying agents and other pharmaceutical
adjuvants.
Oils useful in parenteral formulations include petroleum, animal, vegetable, and
synthetic oils. Specific examples of oils useful in such formulations include
peanut, soybean, sesame, cottonseed, corn, olive, petrolatum, and mineral oil.
Suitable fatty acids for use in parenteral formulations include oleic acid, stearic
acid, and isostearic acid. Ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate are examples of
suitable fatty acid esters.
Suitable soaps for use in parenteral formulations include fatty alkali metal,
ammonium, and triethanolamine salts, and suitable detergents include (a)
cationic detergents such as, for example, dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides,
and alkyl pyridinium halides, (b) anionic detergents such as, for example, alkyl,
aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and
sulfosuccinates, (c) nonionic detergents such as, for example, fatty amine
oxides, fatty acid alkanol amides, and polyoxyethylene polypropylene
copolymers, (d) amphoteric detergents such as, for example, alkyl-b-
aminopropionates, and 2-alkyl-imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts, and (e)
mixtures thereof.
The parenteral formulations typically will contain from about 0.5% or less to
about 25% or more by weight of a compound of the invention, a tautomer, or
isomer thereof, or salt thereof in solution. Preservatives and buffers can be
used. In order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such
compositions can contain one or more nonionic surfactants having a
hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of from about 12 to about 17. The quantity
of surfactant in such formulations will typically range from about 5% to about
15% by weight. Suitable surfactants include polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid
esters, such as sorbitan monooleate and the high molecular weight adducts of
ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of
propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The parenteral formulations can be
presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampoules and
vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only
the addition of the sterile liquid excipient, for example, water, for injections,
immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions
can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets.
Formulations suitable for oral administration can consist of (a) liquid solutions,
such as an effective amount of a compound of the invention, a tautomer, or
isomer thereof, or salt thereof, dissolved in diluents, such as water, saline, or
orange juice; (b) capsules, sachets, tablets, lozenges, and troches, each
containing a pre- determined amount of the compound of the invention, a
tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt thereof, as solids or granules; (c) powders;
(d) suspensions in an appropriate liquid; and (e) suitable emulsions. Liquid
formulations can include diluents, such as water and alcohols, for example,
ethanol, benzyl alcohol, and the polyethylene alcohols, either with or without
the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, suspending agent, or
emulsifying agent. Capsule forms can be of the ordinary hard- or soft-shelled
gelatine type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricants, and inert fillers,
such as lactose, sucrose, calcium phosphate, and cornstarch. Tablet forms can
include one or more of lactose, sucrose, mannitol, corn starch, potato starch,
alginic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, acacia, gelatine, guar gum, colloidal
silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium
stearate, zinc stearate, stearic acid, and other excipients, colorants, diluents,
buffering agents, disintegrating agents, moistening agents, preservatives,
flavoring agents, and pharmacologically compatible excipients. Lozenge forms
can comprise the compound ingredient in a flavor, usually sucrose and acacia
or tragacanth, as well as pastilles comprising a compound of the invention in an
inert base, such as gelatine and glycerine, or sucrose and acacia, emulsions,
gels, and the like containing, in addition to the compound of the invention, such
excipients as are known in the art.
A compound of the present invention, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt
thereof, alone or in combination with other suitable components, can be made
into aerosol formulations to be administered via inhalation. A compound of the
invention, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt thereof, is preferably supplied
in finely divided form along with a surfactant and propellant. Typical
percentages of the compounds of the invention can be about 0.01% to about
20% by weight, preferably about 1% to about 10% by weight. The surfactant
must, of course, be nontoxic, and preferably soluble in the propellant.
Representative of such surfactants are the esters or partial esters of fatty acids
containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, such as caproic, octanoic, lauric,
palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, olesteric and oleic acids with an aliphatic
polyhydric alcohol or its cyclic anhydride. Mixed esters, such as mixed or
natural glycerides can be employed. The surfactant can constitute from about
0. 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.25%
to about 5%. The balance of the composition is ordinarily propellant. A carrier
can also be included as desired, e.g., lecithin, for intranasal delivery. These
aerosol formulations can be placed into acceptable pressurized propellants,
such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen, and the like. They also can
be formulated as pharmaceuticals for non-pressured preparations, such as in a
nebulizer or an atomizer. Such spray formulations can be used to spray
mucosa.
Additionally, the compound of the invention, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or
salt thereof, can be made into suppositories by mixing with a variety of bases,
such as emulsifying bases or water-soluble bases. Formulations suitable for
vaginal administration can be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels,
pastes, foams, or spray formulas containing, in addition to the compound
ingredient, such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
The concentration of the compound, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt
thereof, in the pharmaceutical formulations can vary, e.g., from less than about
1% to about 10%, to as much as 20% to 50% or more by weight, and can be
selected primarily by fluid volumes, and viscosities, in accordance with the
particular mode of administration selected.
For example, a typical pharmaceutical composition for intravenous infusion
could be made up to contain 250 ml of sterile Ringer's solution, and 100 mg of
at least one compound, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt thereof, of the
invention. Actual methods for preparing parenterally administrable compounds
of the invention will be known or apparent to those skilled in the art and are
described in more detail in, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Science
(17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985).
It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that, in addition to the
afore-described pharmaceutical compositions, the compound of the invention, a
tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt thereof, can be formulated as inclusion
complexes, such as cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, or liposomes. Liposomes
can serve to target a compound of the invention to a particular tissue, such as
lymphoid tissue or cancerous hepatic cells. Liposomes can also be used to
increase the half-life of a compound of the invention. Many methods are
available for preparing liposomes, as described in, for example, Szoka et al.,
Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng., 9, 467 (1980) and U.S. Patents 4235871, 4501728,
4837028, and 5019369.
The compounds of the invention, a tautomer, or isomer thereof, or salt thereof,
can be administered in a dose sufficient to treat the disease, condition or
disorder. Such doses are known in the art (see, for example, the Physicians'
Desk Reference (2004)). The compounds can be administered using techniques
such as those described in, for example, Wasserman et al., Cancer, 36, pp.
1258-1268 (1975) and Physicians' Desk Reference, 58th ed., Thomson PDR
(2004).
Suitable doses and dosage regimens can be determined by conventional rangefinding
techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Generally,
treatment is initiated with smaller dosages that are less than the optimum dose
of the compound of the present invention. Thereafter, the dosage is increased
by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is
reached. The present method can involve the administration of about 0.1 ug to
about 50 mg of at least one compound of the invention per kg body weight of the
individual. For a 70 kg patient, dosages of from about 10 ug to about 200 mg of
the compound of the invention would be more commonly used, depending on a
patient's physiological response.
By way of example and not intending to limit the invention, the dose of the
pharmaceutically active agent(s) described herein for methods of treating or
preventing a disease or condition as described above can be about 0.001 to
about 1 mg/kg body weight of the subject per day, for example, about 0.001 mg,
0.002 mg, 0.005 mg, 0.010 mg, 0.015 mg, 0.020 mg, 0.025 mg, 0.050 mg,
0.075 mg, 0.1 mg, 0. 15 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, or 1 mg/kg body
weight per day. The dose of the pharmaceutically active agent(s) described
herein for the described methods can be about 1 to about 1000 mg/kg body
weight of the subject being treated per day, for example, about 1 mg, 2 mg, 5
mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 0.020 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg,
250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg, or 1000 mg/kg body weight per day.
In accordance with embodiments, the present invention provides methods of
treating, preventing, ameliorating, and/or inhibiting a hepatitis Cvirus infection
comprising administering a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof.
The compounds of the present invention are effective against the HCV lb and
2a genotypes. It should also be understood that the compounds of the present
invention can inhibit multiple genotypes of the HCV. Hence, in accordance with
an embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the present invention are
active against the la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, and 5a genotypes of the HCV.
The terms "treat," "prevent," "ameliorate," and "inhibit," as well as words
stemming therefrom, as used herein, do not necessarily imply 100% or complete
treatment, prevention, amelioration, or inhibition. Rather, there are varying
degrees of treatment, prevention, amelioration, and inhibition of which one of
ordinary skill in the art recognizes as having a potential benefit or therapeutic
effect. In this respect, the inventive methods can provide any amount of any
level of treatment, prevention, amelioration, or inhibition of the disorder in a
mammal. For example, a disorder, including symptoms or conditions thereof,
may be reduced by, for example, 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%,
20%, or 10%. Furthermore, the treatment, prevention, amelioration, or
inhibition provided by the inventive method can include treatment, prevention,
amelioration, or inhibition of one or more conditions or symptoms of the
disorder. Also, for purposes herein, "treatment," "prevention," "amelioration," or
"inhibition" can encompass delaying the onset of the disorder, or a symptom or
condition thereof.
In accordance with the invention, the term subject includes an "animal" which
in turn includes a mammal such as, without limitation, the order Rodentia,
such as mice, and the order Lagomorpha, such as rabbits. It is preferred that
the mammals are from the order Carnivora, including Felines (cats) and
Canines (dogs). It is more preferred that the mammals are from the order
Artiodactyla, including Bovines (cows) and Swine (pigs) or of the order
Perssodactyla, including Equines (horses). It is most preferred that the
mammals are of the order Primates, Ceboids, or Simoids (monkeys) or of the
order Anthropoids (humans and apes). An especially preferred mammal is the
human.
The term "viral infection" refers to the introduction of a virus into cells or
tissues, e.g., hepatitis C virus (HCV). In general, the introduction of a virus is
also associated with replication. Viral infection may be determined by
measuring virus antibody titer in samples of a biological fluid, such as blood,
using, e.g., enzyme immunoassay. Other suitable diagnostic methods include
molecular based techniques, such as RT-PCR, direct hybrid capture assay,
nucleic acid sequence based amplification, and the like. A virus may infect an
organ, e.g., liver, and cause disease, e.g., hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic liver
disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The term "immune modulator" refers to any substance meant to alter the
working of the humoral or cellular immune system of a subject. Such immune
modulators include inhibitors of mast cell-mediated inflammation, interferons,
inter! eukins, prostaglandins, steroids, corti co-steroids, colony-stimulating
factors, chemotactic factors, etc.
It will be further appreciated that compounds of the present invention can be
administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, or used in combination
with one or more agents to treat or prevent hepatitis C infections or the
symptoms associated with HCV infection. Other agents to be administered in
combination with a compound or combination of compounds of the present
invention include therapies for diseases caused by HCV infection that
suppresses HCV viral replication by direct or indirect mechanisms. These
agents include, but not limited to, host immune modulators (for example,
interferon-alpha, pegylated interferon-alpha, consensus interferon, interferonbeta,
interferon-gamma, CpG oligonucleotides and the like); antiviral
compounds that inhibit host cellular functions such as inosine monophosphate
dehydrogenase (for example, ribavirin and the like); cytokines that modulate
immune function (for example, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and interleukin 12);
a compound that enhances the development of type 1 helper T cell response;
interfering RNA; anti-sense RNA; vaccines comprising HCV antigens or antigen
adjuvant combinations directed against the HCV; agents that interact with host
cellular components to block viral protein synthesis by inhibiting the internal
ribosome entry site (IRES) initiated translation step of HCV viral replication or
to block viral particle maturation and release with agents targeted toward the
viroporin family of membrane proteins such as, for example, HCV P7 and the
like; and any agent or combination of agents that inhibit the replication of HCV
by targeting other proteins of the viral genome involved in the viral replication
and/or interfere with the function of other viral targets, such as inhibitors of
NS3/NS4A protease, NS3 helicase, NS5B polymerase, NS4A protein and NS5A
protein.
According to yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention may further comprise inhibitor(s) of other targets in the HCV
life cycle, including, but not limited to, helicase, polymerase, metalloprotease,
NS4A protein, NS5A protein, and internal ribosome entry site (IRES) .
Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method
for treating or preventing an infection caused by an RNA-containing virus
comprising co-administering to a patient in need of such treatment one or more
agents selected from the group consisting of a host immune modulator and a
second or more antiviral agents, or a combination thereof, with a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound or combination of compounds of the present
invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Examples of the host
immune modulator are, but not limited to, interferon-alpha, pegylatedinterferon-
alpha, interferon-beta, interferon-gamma, a cytokine, a vaccine, and
a vaccine comprising an antigen and an adjuvant, and said second antiviral
agent inhibits replication of HCV either by inhibiting host cellular functions
associated with viral replication or by targeting proteins of the viral genome.
A further embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of
treating or preventing infection caused by an RNA-containing virus comprising
co-administering to a patient in need of such treatment an agent or combination
of agents that treat or alleviate symptoms of HCV infection including cirrhosis
and inflammation of the liver, with a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound or combination of compounds of the present invention, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Yet another embodiment of the
present invention provides a method of treating or preventing infection caused
by an RNA-containing virus comprising co-administering to a patient in need of
such treatment one or more agents that treat patients for disease caused by
hepatitis B (HBV) infection, with a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound or a combination of compounds of the present invention, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. An agent that treats patients for
disease caused by hepatitis B (HBV) infection may be for example, but not
limited thereto, L-deoxythymidine, adefovir, lamivudine or tenofovir, or any
combination thereof.
A further embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating or
preventing infection caused by an RNA-containing virus comprising c o
administering to a patient in need of such treatment one or more agents that
treat patients for disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection, with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a
combination of compounds of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. The agent that treats patients for disease caused by
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may include, but is not limited
thereto, ritonavir, lopinavir, indinavir, nelfmavir, saquinavir, amprenavir,
atazanavir, tipranavir, TMC-1 14, fosamprenavir, zidovudine, lamivudine,
didanosine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, abacavir, efavirenz, nevirapine,
delavirdine, TMC-125, L-870812, S-1360, enfuvirtide (T-20) or T- 1249, or any
combination thereof.
An example of the RNA-containing virus in any of the above embodiments
includes, but not limited to, the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
It can occur that a patient may be co-infected with hepatitis C virus and one or
more other viruses, including but not limited to human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Thus also
contemplated is a combination therapy to treat such co-infections by coadministering
a compound according to the present invention with at least one
of an HIV inhibitor, an HAVinhibitor and an HBV inhibitor.
In addition, the present invention provides the use of a compound or a
combination of compounds of the invention, or a therapeutically acceptable salt
thereof, and one or more agents selected from the group consisting of a host
immune modulator and a second or more antiviral agents, or a combination
thereof, to prepare a medicament for the treatment of an infection caused by an
RNA-containing virus in a patient, particularly hepatitis C virus. Examples of
the host immune modulators include, but are not limited to, interferon- alpha,
pegylated-interferon-alpha, interferon-beta, interferon-gamma, a cytokine, a
vaccine, and a vaccine comprising an antigen and an adjuvant, and said second
antiviral agent inhibits replication of HCV either by inhibiting host cellular
functions associated with viral replication or by targeting proteins of the viral
genome.
When used in the above or other treatments, combination of compound or
compounds of the present invention, together with one or more agents as
defined herein above, can be employed in pure form or, where such forms exist,
in pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Alternatively, such combination of
therapeutic agents can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition
containing a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or combination
of compounds of interest, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in
combination with one or more agents as defined hereinabove, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such pharmaceutical compositions can be
used for inhibiting the replication of an RNA-containing virus, particularly
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), by contacting said virus with said pharmaceutical
composition. In addition, such compositions are useful for the treatment or
prevention of an infection caused by an RNA-containing virus, particularly
Hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Hence, a still further embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of
treating or preventing infection caused by an RNA-containing virus, particularly
a hepatitis C virus (HCV) , comprising administering to a patient in need of such
treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or
combination of compounds of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, and one or more agents as defined hereinabove, with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
When administered as a combination, the therapeutic agents can be formulated
as separate compositions which are given at the same time or within a
predetermined period of time, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single
unit dosage form. The therapeutic agents can be administered simultaneously,
sequentially, or cyclically.
Antiviral agents contemplated for use in such combination therapy include
agents (compounds or biologicals) that are effective to inhibit the formation
and/or replication of a virus in a mammal, including but not limited to agents
that interfere with either host or viral mechanisms necessary for the formation
and/or replication of a virus in a mammal. Such agents can be selected from
another anti-HCV agent; an HIV inhibitor; an HAV inhibitor; and an HBV
inhibitor.
Other agents to be administered in combination with a compound of the present
invention include a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, which is
expected to inhibit metabolism of the compounds of the invention. Therefore,
the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor would be in an amount effective
to inhibit metabolism of the compounds of the present invention. Accordingly,
the CYP inhibitor is administered in an amount such that the bioavailability of
the compounds of the present invention is increased in comparison to the
bioavailability in the absence of the CYP inhibitor.
The term "room temperature" used in the specification denotes any temperature
ranging between about 20°C to about 40°C, except and otherwise it is
specifically mentioned in the specification.
Unless mentioned otherwise, abbreviations used in description herein below
have following meaning:
EDCI means l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-dicarbodiimide; HATU means 2-
(7-aza- lH-benzotriazole- 1-yl)- 1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate;
DIPEA means diisopropyl ethylamine; Boc means butoxycarbonyl; DMF means
dimethylformamide; DMSO means dimethylsulfoxide; NBS means Nbromosuccinimide;
NCS means N-chlorosuccinimide; NIS means Niodosuccinimide;
EtOAc means ethyl acetate; THF means tetrahydrofuran; Tf
means triflate; DCM means dichloromethane; Et3N means triethylamine; MeOH
means methanol; ACN means acetonitrile; Ts means tosyl, Ms means mesyl, RT
means room temperature; Ac means acetyl; HPLC means high performance
liquid chromatography, TLC means thin layer chromatography, PEG means
polyethylene glycol; TFA means trifluoroacetic acid; KF means potassium
fluoride; and DDQ means 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention
and therefore should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the
present invention. All H MR spectra were obtained in the solvents indicated
and chemical shifts are reported in d units downfield from the internal standard
tetramethylsilane (TMS) and interproton coupling constants are reported in
Hertz (Hz). In the case of mixture of isomers, the peak values given are for the
dominant isomer (rotamer/tautomer).
Example 1: Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2 'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,9b-dihydro-
3aH-thieno[3 ,2-c] chromene-2 ,7-diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5 ,2 -
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 1)
Step 1: 7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (la)
Anhydrous dimethylformamide (8. 18 ml, 106 mmol) was taken in a two-necked
round bottomed flask fitted with a dropping funnel. POCb (7.23 ml, 78 mmol)
was added to it by keeping the flask in an ice bath and after the completion of
addition, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr.
7-bromochroman-4-one (16 g, 7 1 mmol) was dissolved in 200 ml of chloroform
and was slowly added to the flask kept on an ice bath, and after completion of
the addition, the ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred
overnight at 60°C. The reaction was brought to RT and ice cold water was
added to it and the compound was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer
was washed with 10% aHCOs solution and dried over a2S04, filtered and
concentrated to obtain the crude title compound (15. 1 g, 78 %) which was
sufficiently pure enough for the next step m/z 273.9 (M+)
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 10. 16 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 8Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.20 (m,
1H), 7. 12-7. 1 1 (m, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H).
Step 2 : l-(7-bromo-4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)ethanone (lb)
To a solution of sodium methoxide (5.57 g, 103 mmol) in 250 ml of methanol at
0°C, mercaptoacetone (5.1 1 g, 57 mmol) was added portion-wise, and after 15
min., 7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (la) (14 g, 52 mmol) was
added to it portion-wise with stirring. After the addition, the ice bath was
removed and the product gradually started precipitating out as a yellow solid.
Stirring was continued for another 3 h , after which water was added to quench
the reaction and the methanol was removed under vacuum. Addition of more
water yielded the title compound as a yellow solid (lb) which was filtered and
dried (14.1 g, 78 %). m/z 308.9 (7 Br) & 310.9 ( Br).
iH-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.1 1 (m, 2H),
5.27 (s, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H).
Step 3 : l , -(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2,7-diyl)diethanone (lc)
A solution of l-(7-bromo-4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)ethanone (lb) (14 g, 45.3
mmol) in 300 ml of anhydrous dioxane was degassed by passing nitrogen gas
for 45 min. Tributyl(l-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (16.35 g, 45.3 mmol) was added to
it followed by Pd(PPh3) (4.19 g, 3.62 mmol) and PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2 adduct (2.65
g, 3.62 mmol) and the solution was heated at 90 °C for overnight. After cooling,
the volume of dioxane was reduced, and a saturated solution of KF was added
to it and stirred for 15 min., after which the mixture was passed through a pad
of celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The combined filtrate was stirred with
4N HC1 solution for 1 h and the organic layer was dried over a2S0 , filtered
and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to
obtain the diacetyl compound (lc) (1 1.5 g, 68%). m/z 272.9 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.60-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.45
(m, 2H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H).
Step 4 : Synthesis of 1, l'-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2,7-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) (Id)
To a solution of 1, l '-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2, 7-diyl)diethanone (lc) (7 g,
25. 7 mmol) in 100 ml of DCM at 0°C, bromine (3.97 ml, 77 mmol) was added
dropwise and stirred at room temperature for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was
then added to ice cold water and the DCM layer was partitioned. The DCM
layer was then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and
saturated brine solution, respectively. The organic layer was dried over
anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure
to afford 1,l '-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2, 7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) (12 g,
79%) as a brown solid (Id).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.98 (s, 1H) , 7.72-7. 56 (m, 3H) , 5.43-5.40 (m, 2H),
4.97 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H) .
Step 5 : (S)-2-(2-(7-(2-(((S)- l-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-iert-butyl
pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (1e)
To a solution of (S)- l-fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (Id)
(8.8 1 g, 40.9 mmol) in 40 ml of acetonitrile at room temperature, Hunig's base
(12.96 ml, 74.4 mmol) followed by 1, l '-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2, 7-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) (8 g, 18.60 mmol) were added and stirred at 50°C for 4 hr. The
volume of solvent was reduced and ethyl acetate was added to the remaining
organic layer, which was then washed with water and brine solution. The
organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated
under reduced pressure to afford the product (7 g, 54%) as sticky oil (le) .
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.53-7.42 (m, 4H) , 5.40-5. 15 (m, 2H) , 4.44-4. 15
(m, 4H) , 3.72-3.30 (m, 6H) , 2.35-2.20 (m, 4H), 2. 10- 1.85 (m, 4H) , 1.45 (s, 9H),
1.35 (s, 9H).
Step 6 : (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2, 7-
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5, 2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) (If)
To a solution of (S)-2-(2-(7-(2-(((S)- l -Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-iert-butyl
pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (le) (10 g, 14.3 1 mmol) in 500 ml of toluene,
ammonium acetate (22.06 g, 286 mmol) was added and the mixture was
refluxed overnight. Toluene was removed under vacuum and ethyl acetate was
added to dissolve the reaction mixture. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with
water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated
under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was then purified by
column chromatography to afford the pure compound (If) (6 g, 64%). m/z 659.3
(M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.23-7.02 (m, 5H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 1H) , 5.23 (s, 2H),
5.0 1-4.97 (m, 2H) , 3.52-3.43 (m, 4H) , 2.30- 1.90 (m, 8H) , 1.50 (s, 18H) .
Step 7 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5, 5'-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2,7-
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l -
oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 1)
To a solution of (2S,2'S)-di tert-butyl 2,2'-(5, 5'-(4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromene-2,7-
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- l -carboxylate) (If) (3 g, 4.55
mmol) in 50 ml of DCM, 10 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added at room
temperature and the solution was stirred for 4 hr. The volatiles were removed
under vacuum and the solid obtained was washed with diethyl ether and
filtered to obtain the TFA salt of the deprotected compound. To the TFA salt in
10 ml of anhydrous DMF at 0 C, DIPEA (3.98 ml, 22.77 mmol) was added and
the contents were stirred for 10 min. after which (S)-2-
((methoxycarbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanoic acid (1.84 g, 10.47 mmol) and
HATU (4.33 g, 11.38 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was warmed to
room temperature and stirred overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. Crushed
ice was added to the reaction mixture and the precipitate formed was filtered,
the solid was washed with water, n-pentane and dried and then purified on a
Combiflash column with EtOAc-MeOH as eluent to obtain a pale yellow solid
(2.28 g, 65%). m/z 773.6 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 8. 13 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.55 (m, 3H),
7.45-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.28 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 5.38 (s, 2H), 5. 18-5. 11 (m, 2H),
4. 13-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 2.37-2.33
(m, 2H), 2. 17-1.98 (m, 8H), 0.91-0.82 (m, 6H), 0.77-0.75 (m, 6H).
Example 2 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2,-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 2)
Step 1: 8-bromo-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepine-4-carbaldehyde (2a)
was synthesized from 8-bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepin-5(2H)-one by
following an analogous procedure described in Step 1, Example 1. m/z 288.2
(M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 10.35 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.38 (m,
1H), 7.31 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H).
Step 2 : l-(8-bromo-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepin-2-yl)ethanone (2b)
was synthesized from 8-bromo-5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepine-4-
carbaldehyde (2a) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 2,
Example 1. m/z 322.9 Br & 324.9 piBr).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb): d 7.62 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.23 (m,
1H), 7.21-7. 19 (m, 1H), 4.35 (t, J = 5 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (t, J = 5 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H).
Step 3 : l , -(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)diethanone (2c)
was synthesized from l-(8-bromo-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepin-2-
yfjethanone and Tributyl(l-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (2b) by following an analogous
procedure described in Step 3, Example 1. m/z 287.0 (M+H)+
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.85 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s,
1H), 4.38 (t, J = 5 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (t, J = 5 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H).
Step 4 : 1, -(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(2,2-
dibromoethanone) (2d)
was synthesized from 1, l'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-
diyl)diethanone (2c) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 4,
Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.91-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H),
6.43 (s, 1H), 4.45-4.41 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.33 (m, 2H).
Step 5 : 1, -(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) (2e)
To a stirred solution of 1, -(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-
diyl)bis(2,2-dibromoethanone) (2d) (0.65 g, 1.08 mmol) in 20 ml THF at 0 C was
added Et3N (0.45 ml, 3.24 mmol) and diethyl phosphite (0.42 ml, 3.24 mmol).
The reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature and the
mixture was stirred for 1 hr. The volatiles were removed under reduced
pressure and the crude residue was washed with n-pentane to yield an yellow
solid (2e) that was used in the next step without purification (0.42 g, 88%).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.90-7.64 (m, 4H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.30-
4.10 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.33 (m, 2H).
Step 6 : (S)-2-(2-(8-(2-(((S)-l-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepin-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-
iert-butyl pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (2f)
was synthesized from 1, l'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-
diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) and (S)-l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carboxylic acid (2e) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 5,
Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.84-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.50 (m, 3H), 5.39-5.13
(m, 4H), 4.50-4. 10 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.25 (m, 6H), 2.40-1.91 (m, 8H), 1.50 (s, 9H),
1.45 (s, 9H).
Step 7 : (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-
2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) (2g)
was synthesized from (S)-2-(2-(8-(2-(((S)-l-fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepin-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-
e -butyl pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (2f) by following an analogous procedure
described in Step 6, Example 1. m/z 673.3 (M+H)+
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 12.00-1 1.92 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.44-
7.28 (m, 3H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 4.81-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.50 (m,
2H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 3. 16-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.30-1.65 (m, 8H), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1. 17
(s, 9H).
Step 8 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-
d ]oxepine- 2,8-diyl)bis (1H-imidazole- 5,2-diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 2, 1-diyl))bis (3-
methyl-l-oxobutane-2,l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 2)
was synthesized from (2S,2'S)-di-iert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) and (S)-2-((methoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-
methylbutanoic acid by following an analogous procedure described in Step 7,
Example 1. m/z 394.3 (M+2H)+2 .
iH-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 12. 10-1 1.84 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.40-
7.34 (m, 4H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 5.06-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.26 (m, 2H), 4.06-4.02 (m,
2H), 3.85-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.55 (s, 6H), 3. 15-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.90 (m, 10H),
0.83-0.81 (m, 12H).
Example 3 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2,-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(4-chloro-lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 3)
To a stirred solution of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate
(Compound 2) (0. 17 g, 0.216 mmol) in 10 ml DMF, NCS (0.063 g, 0.475 mmol)
was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 40 C. The progress of
the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete reaction of the starting
material, the reaction mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer
was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous a2S04 and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by
preparative HPLC to obtain the desired produ ct m/z 855.4 (M+H)+.
iH-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 7.71-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.42-
7.40 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 4.98-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.31 (m,
2H), 4.06-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.77 (m, 4H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 3.24-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.15-
1.90 (m, 10H), 0.88-0.82 (m, 12H).
Example 4 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-
d]thiazole-2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2,l-diyl))bis(3-
methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 4)
Step 1: 7-bromo-4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (4a)
6-bromo-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-l(2H)-one (3.5 g, 15.55 mmol), thiourea (3.55
g, 46.6 mmol) and iodine (4.34 g, 17. 10 mmol) were dissolved in 20 ml of
ethanol and the solution was heated at 100°C for 4 hr. The volume of ethanol
was reduced and the solid amine hydroiodide salt was filtered and washed with
ether. The solid obtained was dissolved in water and basified with 10% NaOH
solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over
a2S 0 and concentrated to obtain the desired compound (4a) (4.37 g, 80%).
m/z 280.9 (7 Br) & 282.9 p iBr) (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb): d 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 2 Hz, 8.4 Hz,
1H), 7.32 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (br s , 2H), 3.03-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.83 (m,
2H).
Step 2 : 2,7-dibromo-4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-d]thiazole (4b)
To a solution of 7-bromo-4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (4a) (1.4 g,
4.98 mmol) in 25 ml of acetonitrile, tert-butyl nitrite (0.724 ml, 5.48 mmol) and
copper(I) bromide (0.786 g, 5.48 mmol) were added and the resulting black
solution was stirred at 50°C for 30 min. The volume of acetonitrile was reduced
under vacuum and water was added to it. The organic material was extracted
with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was dried and concentrated to obtain a
brown solid (4b) (1.7 g, 99%) . m/z 345. 7 (M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.42 (dd, J = 2 Hz, 8.4 Hz,
1H) , 7.36 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H) , 3.06-3.02 (m, 2H) , 3.00-2.95 (m, 2H) .
Step 3: 1,G -(4 ,5-dihydronaphtho [1,2-d ]thiazole- 2,7-diyl)diethanone (4c)
A solution of 2,7-dibromo-4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-d]thiazole (4b) (1.7 g, 5.07
mmol) in 30 ml of anhydrous dioxane was degassed by passing nitrogen gas for
15 min. Tributyl( l-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (4.58 g, 12.68 mmol) was added to it
followed by PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.36 g, 0.5 1 mmol) and the solution was heated at 90
°C overnight. After cooling, the volume of dioxane was reduced and a saturated
solution of KF was added to it and stirred for 15 min. , after which the mixture
was passed through a pad of celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The
combined filtrate was stirred with 4 N HC1 solution for 1 h and the organic layer
was dried and concentrated and the residue was purified by column
chromatography to obtain the diacetyl compound (4c) (1.37 g, 73%) . m/z 27 1.0
(M+).
iH-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13), d 8.09 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 7.94 (dd, J = 1.6 Hz, 8 Hz,
1H) , 7.87 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.20-3. 15 (m, 4H) , 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H) .
Step 4 : l , -(naphtho[ l ,2-d]thiazole-2, 7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) (4d)
was synthesized from 1,l '-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-d]thiazole-2, 7-
diyl)diethanone (4c) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 4,
Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) : d 8.85-8.82 (m, 1H), 8.40-8.26 (m, 3H), 7.95 (s,
1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 5. 1 1 (s, 2H).
Step 5 : (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-d]thiazole-2,7-diyl)bis(lHimidazole-
5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) (4e)
was synthesized from 1, l'-(naphtho[l,2-d]thiazole-2,7-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) (4d) and (S)-l-fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
by following an analogous procedure described in Step 5 of Example 1 followed
by Step 6, Example 1. m/z 656. 1 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb): d 8.75-8.72 (m, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.22-8. 19 (m, 1H),
8.01-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 5. 18-5. 16 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.50
(m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.27-2. 19 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.54 (s, 9H),
1.51 (s, 9H).
Step 6 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-d]thiazole-2,7-
diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1-
oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 4)
was synthesized from (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-d]thiazole-
2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) (4e) by
following an analogous procedure described in Step 7, Example 1. m/z 770.2
(M+H)+.
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 8.72 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, IH), 8.34-8.26 (m, IH), 7.98-
7.96 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.47 (s, IH), 5.22-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.25 (m,
2H), 4.05-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 3.48-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.40-
2.22 (m, 4H), 2.16-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.03-0.91 (m, 12H).
Example 5 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2 'SM(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydronaphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 5)
Step 1: l-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (5a)
was synthesized from a-tetralone by following an analogous procedure described
in Step 1, Example 1. m/z 193.0 (M+H)+.
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCb): d 10.41 (s, IH), 7.89-7.87 (m, IH), 7.41-7.33 (m,
2H), 7.24-7.22 (m, IH), 2.90-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.63 (m, 2H).
Step 2 : l-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (5b)
was synthesized from l-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (5a) by
following an analogous procedure described in Step 2, Example 1. m/z 227.9
(M+).
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.52 (s, IH), 7.49-7.46 (m, IH), 7.29-7.24 (m, 3H),
3. 10-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H).
Step 3 : l,l'-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)diethanone (5c)
To a solution of l-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (5b) (30 g,
131 mmol) in 500 mL of DCM at 0°C, A1C13 (52.6 g, 394 mmol) was added
portion wise and after 15 min, acetyl chloride (18.69 ml, 263 mmol) was added
dropwise at the same temperature over 30 min and the mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 48 hr. The reaction mass was slowly added to ice water
and acidified with 2 N HCl solution and extracted with DCM, and the organic
layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under
reduced pressure to afford the title compound as an yellow solid (5c) (28.3 g,
80%). m/z 270.0 (M+).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.86-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.52 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.04
(m, 2H), 2.93-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H).
Step 4 : 1, -(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(2,2-
dibromoethanone) (5d)
was synthesized from 1, l'-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)diethanone (5c) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 4 ,
Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) : d 8. 15-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.68-
7.62 (m, 2H), 3.06-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.88 (m, 2H).
1,r-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(2-
was synthesized from 1, l'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(2,2-
dibromoethanone) (5d) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 5,
Example 2.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.89-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.58-7. 53 (m, 2H) , 4.45 (s, 2H),
4.36 (m, 2H) , 3.87-3. 78 (m, 2H) , 3.75-3. 70 (m, 2H) .
Step 6 : (S)-2-(2-(7-(2-(((S)- l-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-tertbutyl
pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (5f)
was synthesized from 1, -(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) and (S)- l-fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic (5e) acid
by following an analogous procedure described in Step 5, Example 1.
iH-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.79-7.77 (m, 2H) , 7.59-7.52 (m, 2H) , 5.39-5.25
(m, 4H), 4.4 1-4.20 (m, 4H) , 3.60-3.30 (m, 4H) , 3.10-2.90 (m, 2H) , 2.40-2.20 (m,
4H) , 2. 10- 1.85 (m, 4H), 1.47- 1.40 (m, 18H) .
Step 7 : (2S,2'S)-di-iert-butyl 2,2'-(5, 5'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2, 7-
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- l -carboxylate) (5g)
was synthesized from (S)-2-(2-(7-(2-(((S)- l -fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) 1-tertbutyl
pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (5f) by following an analogous procedure
described in Step 6, Example 1. m/z 657.4 (M+H)+
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.61-7.50 (m, 2H) , 7.32-7.30 (m, 1H) , 7.2 1-7. 13
(m, 2H), 7.10-7.0 1 (m, 1H) , 4.98-4.95 (m, 2H) , 3.56-3.33 (m, 4H) , 2.98-2.80 (m,
4H) , 2.26- 1.92 (m, 8H), 1.5 1 (s, 18H).
Step 8 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5, 5'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-
methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate dihydrochloride salt (dihydrochloride
salt of Compound 5)
was synthesized from ((2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5, 5'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- l-carboxylate)
(5g) and (S)-2-((methoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methylbutanoic acid by following an
analogous procedure described in Step 7, Example 1. The free base was
dissolved in MeOH and a 3 N HCl solution in MeOH was added to it and the
resulting solution was stirred for 30 min. , after which the volume of MeOH was
reduced and acetone was added to precipitate out a pale yellow solid, which was
washed with diethyl ether and dried to obtain the dihydrochloride salt of the
title compoun d m/z 771 .4 (M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d 8. 14-8. 10 (m, 1H) , 7.95-7.9 1 (m, 1H) , 7.80-
7.73 (m, 2H) , 7.65-7.52 (m, 1H) , 7.46-7.44 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 7.36-7.34 (d, J = 8
Hz, 2H) , 5. 15-5. 10 (m, 2H), 4.11-4. 10 (m, 2H) , 3.9 1-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 6H),
3.00-2.89 (m, 2H) , 2.87-2.85 (m, 2H) , 2.39-2.0 1 (m, 8H) , 0.90-0. 76 (m, 12H) .
Example 6 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2 'SM(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(3-chloro-4,5-
dihydronaphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-chloro- lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 6)
was synthesized from dimethyl ((2S,2'SH(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-
dihydronaphtho [1,2-b]thiophene- 2,7- diyl)bis(1H-imidazole- 5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate,
(Compound 5) by following an analogous procedure described in Example 3.
m/z 875.2 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 12.60-12.50 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.50-
7.48 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.05-4.95 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.85-
3.70 (m, 4H), 3.54 (s, 6H), 3. 10-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.85 (m,
10H), 0.90-0.76 (m, 12H).
Example 7 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-
b]thiophene-2 ,7-diyl)bis( 1H-imidazole-5 ,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2 ,1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 7)
Step 1: ((2S,2'S)-di tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate) (7a)
To a stirred solution of (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- l-carboxylate) ,
(5g) (0. 5 g, 0.76 mmol) in 20 ml of toluene, DDQ (0.346 g, 1.52 mmol) was
added and the mixture was stirred at 90 C for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was
then concentrated under reduced pressure, and 100 ml of saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution was added and the organic material was extracted with
ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate
and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude compound which
was purified by column chromatography to obtain the aromatised compound as
an yellow solid (7a) (0.25 g, 5 1%) . m/z 655. 5 (M+H)+
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) : d 12. 11- 12.03 (m, 1H) , 11.97- 11.90 (m, 1H) , 8.32 (s,
1H) , 8.00 (s, 2H) , 7.77 (s, 2H) , 7.63-7.55 (m, 3H) , 4.87-4.80 (m, 2H) , 3.56-3. 50
(m, 2H) , 3.40-3.35 (m, 3H) , 2.27-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.02- 1.87 (m, 4H) , 1.4 1 (s, 9H),
1.18 (s, 9H).
Step 2 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5, 5'-(naphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-:
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l -
oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 7 and its dihydrochloride salt)
was synthesized from ((2S,2'S)-di-iert-butyl 2,2'-(5, 5'-(naphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-
2,7-diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- l-carboxylate) (7a) by
following an analogous procedure described in Step 7, Example 1. The free base
was dissolved in MeOH and a 3 N HCl solution in MeOH was added to it and the
resulting solution was stirred for 30 min. , after which the volume of MeOH was
reduced and acetone was added to precipitate out a pale yellow solid, which was
washed with diethyl ether and dried to obtain the dihydrochloride salt of the
title compoun d m/z 769.2 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d 15.33 (br s , 1H) , 14. 77 (br s , 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H),
8.25-8. 18 (m, 2H), 8. 13-8.0 1 (m, 4H) , 7.89-7. 87 (m, 1H) , 7.34-7.32 (m, 2H),
5.2 1-5. 15 (m, 2H), 4 . 16-4. 10 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.85 (m, 4H) , 3.54 (s, 6H) , 2.50-2.38
(m, 2H) , 2.20-2. 19 (m, 4H), 2. 10-2.0 1 (m, 4H) , 0.92-0. 77 (m, 12H) .
Example 8 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-
4H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[ 1,2-b]thiophene -2,8-diyl)bis( 1H-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 8)
Step 1: 9-chloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-8-carbaldehyde (8a)
was synthesized from 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one by following
an analogous procedure described in Step 1, Example 1. m/z 205.9 (M+).
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 10. 10 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 1H) , 7.41 -7.36 (m,
2H) , 7.29-7.28 (m, 1H), 2.63 (t, J = 7 Hz, 2H) , 2.26-2.06 (m, 4H) .
Step 2 : l-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone
(8b)
was synthesized from 9-chloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-8-
carbaldehyde (8a) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 2,
Example 1. m/z 242. 1 (M+).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) : d 7.56 (s, 1H) , 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H) , 7.36-7.25 (m, 3H),
2.7 1-2.63 (m, 4H) , 2.58 (s, 3H) , 2.30-2. 19 (m, 2H) .
Step 3 : 1, -(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,8-
diyl)diethanone (8c)
was synthesized from l-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-
yl)ethanone (8b) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 3,
Example 5. m/z 283.9 (M+).
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 8.05-8.02 (m, IH) , 7.90-7.86 (m, IH) , 7.57-7.55
(m, IH) , 7.40-7.38 (m, IH) , 2.75-2.68 (m, 4H), 2.64 (s, 3H) , 2.58 (s, 3H) , 2.29-
2.26 (m, 2H) .
Step 4 : 1, l'-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,8-
diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) (8d)
was synthesized from 1, l '-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)diethanone (8c) by following an analogous procedure
described in Step 4, Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCls) : d 8.09-8.05 (m, IH) , 7.96-7.90 (m, IH) , 7.68-7.59
(m, IH) , 7.57-7. 54 (m, IH) , 4.48 (s, 2H) , 4.37 (s, 2H) , 2.78-2.65 (m, 4H) , 2.34-
2.28 (m, 2H) .
Step 5 : (S)-2-(2-(8-(2-(((S)- l-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-5, 6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-
2-oxoethyl) 1-iert-butyl pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (8e)
was synthesized from 1, l '-(5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) and [S)- l-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)
pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (8d) by following an analogous
procedure described in Step 5, Example 1.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 8.06-7.43 (m, 4H) , 4.48-4. 14 (m, 4H) , 3.74-3.70
(m, 2H), 3.45-3.33 (m, 2H) , 3. 16-3. 12 (m, 2H) , 2.7 1-2.68 (m, 4H) , 2.34-2.29 (m,
4H) , 2.06- 1.90 (m, 6H), 1.48- 1.34 (m, 18H) .
Step 6 : (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylate) (8f)
was synthesized from (S)-2-(2-(8-(2-(((S)- l -fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)-5, 6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-
2-oxoethyl) 1-iert-butyl pyrrolidine- 1,2-dicarboxylate (8e) by following an
analogous procedure described in Step 6, Example 1. m/z 671 .4 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.70-7. 10 (m, 6H) , 5.0 1-4.98 (m, 2H) , 3.57-3.36
(m, 4H) , 2.90-2. 56 (m, 4H), 2.35- 1.9 1 (m, 8H) , 1.5 1- 1.40 (m, 18H) .
Step 7 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5, 5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6, 7]cyclohepta[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate
(Compound 8)
was synthesized from (2S,2'S)-di-tert-butyl 2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6,7]cyclohepta[l,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate) (8f) by following an analogous procedure
described in Step 7, Example 1. m/z 782.5 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): d 7.78-7.73 (m, IH), 7.56-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.25
(m, 2H), 7.20-7.16 (m, IH), 7. 10-7.09 (m, IH), 5.15-5. 10 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.22 (m,
2H), 4.05-3.87 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 6H), 2.75-2.69 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.21 (m, 8H), 2.07-
2.02 (m, 4H), 1.00-0.90 (m, 12H).
Example 9 : Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2 'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-
4H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[l,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(4-chloro-lHimidazole-
5 ,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2 , 1-diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1-oxobutane-2 , 1-
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 9)
was synthesized from dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6,7]cyclohepta[l,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine- 2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate
(Compound 8) by following an analogous procedure described in Example 3.
m/z 853.3 (M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) : d 7.78-7. 75 (m, 1H) , 7.67-7. 55 (m, 2H) , 7.35-7.33
(m, 1H), 7.09-7.06 (m, 2H) , 5.07-5.06 (m, 2H) , 4.22-4.20 (m, 2H) , 4.05-3.87 (m,
4H) , 3.65 (s, 6H) , 2.75-2.69 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.2 1 (m, 8H) , 2.07-2.02 (m, 4H) , 1.00-
0.92 (m, 12H).
Example 10: Synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2 'S)-((l-R, l'K,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-3,3'-
(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-
azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane-3,2-diyl))bis(3-methyl-l-oxobutane-2, l -
diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 10)
Step 1: l , -(naphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)diethanone (10a)
To a stirred solution of 1, l'-(4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)diethanone (5c) (1 g, 3.7 mmol) in 30 ml of toluene, DDQ (0.84 g, 3.7 mmol)
was added and the mixture was stirred at 110 C for 60 hr. The reaction
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, 100 ml water was added
and the organics were extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried
over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to
obtain the crude compound which was purified by column chromatography to
obtain 1, l'-(naphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)diethanone as a brown solid (10a)
(0.45 g, 55%) .
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCls) : d 8.55 (s, 1H) , 8.24 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 8. 17 (dd, J = 8
Hz, 1 Hz, 1H), 8.0 1 (s, 1H) , 7.92-7.86 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H) , 2.73 (s, 3H) .
Step 2 : l , -(naphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(2,2-dibromoethanone) (10b)
To a solution of 1, -(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)diethanone (10a) (100 g,
373 mmol) in 300 ml of DCM, bromine (48 ml, 932 mmol) was added drop wise
at room temperature. After the addition, the solution was stirred at room
temperature for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure at 35 C to obtain a semi-solid material, which was washed with a
minimum amount of DCM and filtered to obtain a brown solid. The brown solid
was washed with diethyl ether to yield the title compound (10b) (189 g, 88%).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 2H), 8.00-7.80
(m, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H).
Step 3 : l -(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) (10c)
l -(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(2,2-dibromoethanone) (10b) (180 g,
310 mmol) obtained as above was dissolved in 500 ml of THF and the solution
was cooled to 0 °C. A mixture of diethyl phosphite (80 ml, 620 mmol) and
triethylamine (86 ml, 210 mmol) in 50 ml THF was added dropwise to the
solution which was kept on an ice bath. After the addition, the ice bath was
removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr.
The volume of THF was reduced by rotary evaporation to obtain a solid residue
which was washed with pentane to afford 1, l'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) as a brown solid (10c) (110 g, 84%).
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 8.88-8.84 (m, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.44-8.38 (m,
1H), 8. 19-8.09 (m, 3H), 5. 1 1 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H).
Step 4 : (li?,3S,4S)-3-(2-(2-(2-(((li?,3S,4S)-2-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-
azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane- 3-carbonyl)oxy) acetyl) naphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophen-7-yl)-2-
oxoethyl) 2-iert-butyl 2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate (lOd)
was synthesized from 1, l'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(2-
bromoethanone) (10c) and (lR,3S,4S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-
azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane-3-carboxylic acid (see, e.g., WO 2012/041227) by
following an analogous procedure described in Step 5, Example 1. m/z 746.3
(M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 8.52-8.50 (m, 1H), 8.27-8.25 (m, 1H), 8. 15-8.10
(m, 2H), 7.95-7.87 (m, 2H), 5.57-5.31 (m, 4H), 4.41-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.27 (m,
1H), 4.05-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.88 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.75 (m, 4H),
1.74-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.44 (m, 18H).
Step 5 : (lRl'i?,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-di-tert-butyl 3,3'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-
2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2-carboxylate)
(10e)
was synthesized from (li?,3S,4S)-3-(2-(2-(2-(((li?,3S,4S)-2-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)-
2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-3-carbonyl)oxy)acetyl)naphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophen-7-yl)-
2-oxoethyl) 2-tert-butyl 2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate (lOd) and
ammonium acetate by following an analogous procedure described in Step 6,
Example 1. m/z 706.1 (M+H)+.
Step 6 : dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((li?, l 'i?,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-3,3'-(5, 5'-(naphtho[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-
3,2-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate (Compound 10)
was synthesized from [1R, l'.R,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-di-iert-butyl 3,3'-(5, 5'-(naphtho[ l ,2-
b]thiophene-2, 7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2-
carboxylate) and (S)-2-((methoxycarbonyl)-amino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (lOe)
by following an analogous procedure described in Step 7, Example 1. m/z 820.4
(M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 8.28 (br s , 1H) , 7.98-7.97 (m, 2H) , 7.77-7.54 (m,
5H) , 7.2 1-7. 19 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H) , 4.54-4. 52 (m, 4H), 4. 16-4. 12 (m, 2H) , 3.54 (s,
6H) , 2.60-2. 55 (m, 2H), 2.0 1- 1.99 (m, 2H) , 1.86- 1.75 (m, 6H) , 1.56- 1.44 (m, 4H),
1.23- 1. 12 (m, 2H) , 1.0 1-0.94 (m, 6H) , 0.90-0.89 (m, 6H) .
Example 11: Synthesis of methyl ((S)-l-((S)-2-(5-(2-(2-(( lK,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-
(methoxycarbonyl)amino-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptan-3-
yl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)naphtho[l ,2-b]thiophen-7-yl)-lH-imidazol-2-
yl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3-methyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (Compound 11)
Step 1: 6-bromo- l-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (1 1a)
was synthesized from 6-bromo-3,4-dihydronaphthalen- l (2H)-one by following
an analogous procedure described in Step 1, Example 1.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.72 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (dd, J = 8 Hz, 2 Hz,
1H) , 7.39 (s, 1H) , 2.84 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H) , 2.64 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H) .
Step 2 : l-(7-bromo-4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (l ib)
was synthesized from 6-bromo- l-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-
carbaldehyde (11a) by following an analogous procedure described in Step 2,
Example 1. m/z 305.9, 307.9.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H) , 7.37 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H),
7.32 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 2.97 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H) , 2.85 (t, J = 6 Hz, 2H) , 2.56 (s, 3H) .
Step 3 : l-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (11c)
l-(7-bromo-4, 5-dihydronaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (l ib) (600 mg,
1.95 mmol) was dissolved in 20 ml toluene and manganese dioxide (943 mg,
9.77 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 26 hr. Aliquots
were taken in between to check the progress of the reaction by HPLC. Once the
reaction was complete, the mixture was filtered over a pad of celite, and the
celite pad was washed with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was
concentrated to obtain the desired compound (11c) (0. 5 1 g, 85%). m/z 304, 306
(M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) : d 8.09 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H) , 8.04 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.83
(d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (dd, J = 8 Hz, 2 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H) , 2.7 1 (s,
3H) .
Step 4 : 2-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 4-
methylbenzenesulfonate (l id)
To a solution of l-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)ethanone (11c) (1.26 g,
4.13 mmol) in 15 ml of acetonitrile at 75°C, hydroxytosyloxyiodobenzene (2. 59
g, 6.6 1 mmol) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 8 hr. The volume of
acetonitrile was reduced under vacuum and ethanol was added to it. The orange
solid obtained was filtered and washed with ether to obtain the desired
compound (l id) (1.6 g, 82%) .
H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d 8.53 (s, IH) , 8.39 (d, J = 8 Hz, IH) , 8.2 1 (d, J =
8 Hz, IH) , 8.02 (d, J = 8 Hz, IH) , 7.93 (s, IH) , 7.89 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H) , 7.82 (dd,
J = 8 Hz & 2 Hz, IH) , 7.50 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H) , 5.65 (s, 2H) , 2.43 (s, 3H).
Step 5 : Synthesis of (li?,3S,4S)-3-(2-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-
oxoethyl) 2-iert-butyl 2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate (l ie)
The above compound was synthesized from 2-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-
2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (l id) and (lR,3S,4S)-2-/tertbutoxycarbonyl)-
2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-3-carboxylic acid by following an
analogous procedure described in Step 5, Example 1. m/z 543.9, 545.9 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): d 8.11-8.09 (m, 2H) , 8.04-8.0 1 (m, IH) , 7.85 (d, J =
8.8 Hz, IH) , 7.72-7.64 (m, 2H) , 5.60-5.25 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.27 (m, IH) , 4.04-3.96
(m, IH), 3.02-3.00 (m, IH) , 2.11-2.06 (m, 2H) , 1.83- 1.58 (m, 4H) , 1.48- 1.46 (m,
9H) .
Step 6 : (li?,3S,4S) tert-butyl 3-(5-(7-bromonaphtho[ l ,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)- l -
imidazol-2-yl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2-carboxylate (1If)
was synthesized from (li?,3S,4S)-3-(2-(7-bromonaphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-
oxoethyl) 2-tert-butyl 2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate (l ie) and
ammonium acetate by following an analogous procedure described in Step 6,
Example 1. m/z 524.4, 526.4 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDCb): d 8.04 (m, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J =
8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 4. 18 (s, 1H), 3.47
(s, 1H), 2.06-1.62 (m, 6H), 1.55-1.52 (m, 9H).
Step 7 : (li?,3S,4S)-iert-butyl 3-(5-(7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-
yl)naphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane-2-
carboxylate (1lg)
Dioxane (10 ml) was degassed by passing nitrogen for 15 min. and a mixture of
bis-pinacolatodiboron (261 mg, 1.03 mmol), potassium acetate (152 mg, 1.55
mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (1 1.55 mg, 0.04 mmol), PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2-
adduct (33.6 mg, 0.04 mmol) and (li?,3S,4S) tert-butyl 3-(5-(7-
bromonaphtho [1,2- b]thiophen-2-yl) -1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-
azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane- 2-carboxylate (1 If) (270 mg, 0.52 mmol) was added in
a microwave vial and the cap was sealed. The mixture was heated at 95 °C for 8
hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the ethyl acetate
layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to obtain the crude
compound which was purified on a Combiflash column to obtain the title
compound (1 lg) (0.27 g, 92%). m/z 571.8 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 8.42 (s, IH), 8.06 (d, J = 8 Hz, IH), 7.93 (d, J = 8
Hz, IH), 7.75 (s, 2H), 7.64 (s, IH), 7.31 (s, IH), 4.46 (s, IH), 4 .18 (s, IH), 3.54
(s, IH), 2.06-1.61 (m, 6H), 1.42 (s, 12H), 1.27-1.24 (m, 9H).
Step 8 : (li?,3S,4S)-iert-butyl 3-(5-(7-(2-((S)-l-Ciert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-
yl)- lH-imidazol-5-yl)naphtho[ 1,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)- lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2-
azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane- 2-carboxylate (1 lh)
A mixture of 6 ml of toluene and 2 ml of water was purged with nitrogen and
(li?,3S,4S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-(7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-
yl)naphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane-2-
carboxylate (llh) (300 mg, 0.53 mmol), (S) -iert-butyl 2-(5-iodo-lH-imidazol-2-
yl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (286 mg, 0.79 mmol), (see, e.g., WO 2010/096302),
K3PO4 (334 mg, 1.58 mmol), Pd(PPh3) (61 mg, 0.05 mmol) and
tricyclohexylphosphine (15 mg, 0.05 mmol) were added in a reaction vessel and
sealed. The reaction vessel was heated in an oil bath at 100°C for 24 hr. After
completion of the reaction, the compound formed was extracted into ethyl
acetate, and the ethyl acetate layer was washed with water, dried over a2S0
and concentrated. The crude material was purified on a Combiflash column to
obtain the title compound (l lh) (0.16 g, 45%). m/z 681.2 (M+H)+.
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) : d 7.81 (s, IH), 7.70-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 2H),
7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.07 (s, IH), 5.13 (br s , 2H), 4.50 (m, 2H), 3.51 (m, 3H), 2.22-
1.75 (m, 6H), 1.55-1.49 (m, 18H), 1.34-1.30 (m, 3H).
Step 9 : Synthesis of methyl ((S)-l-((S)-2-(5-(2-(2-((li?,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-
(methoxycarbonyl)amino-3-methylbutanoyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptan-3-yl)-lHimidazol-
5-yl)naphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-7-yl)-lH-imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-3-
methyl-l-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate dihydrochloride salt (Compound 11)
The above compound was synthesized from (li?,3S,4S)-iert-butyl 3-(5-(7-(2-((S)-
1- fiert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)naphtho[l,2-b]thiophen-
2-yl)-lH-imidazol-2-yl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane-2-carboxylate (llh) and (S)-
2-((methoxycarbonyl)-amino)-3-methylbutanoic acid by following an analogous
procedure described in Step 7, Example 1. m/z 795.2 (M+H)+.
Ή -NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : d 15.26 (br s , 1H), 14.74 (br s , 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H),
8.22-8. 19 (m, 2H), 8.09 (d, J =8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8
Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.33 (m, 2H), 5.20-5.18 (m, 2H), 4.72-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.22-4. 11 (m,
2H), 3.96-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.72-2.70 (m, 2H), 2. 19-2.05
(m, 4H), 1.85-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52-1.49 (m, 2H), 0.96-0.76 (m, 12H).
Example 12: Biological Activity
Anti-viral activity of the compounds of the invention was monitored using an
HCV replicon assay. The Huh7.5/ Conl/SG-Neo(I)hRluc2aUb cell line
persistently expressing a bicistronic genotype lb replicon in Huh 7.5 cells and
the Huh7.5/ J6/JFHl/EMCVIRES/hRlucNeo cell line expressing a bicistronic
genotype 2a replicon in Huh 7.5 cells were obtained from Apath LLC. These cell
lines were used to test inhibition of replicon levels by test compound using
Renilla luciferase enzyme activity readout as a measure of viral replication
efficiency.
Briefly, 7000-7500 cells were seeded in 96 well black clear bottom plates and
allowed to adhere overnight. The next day each compound was added in
triplicate to the cells at the desired concentration with a final DMSO
concentration of 0.5%. Cells in media alone and cells incubated without drug
with 0.5% DMSO served as controls. The plates were incubated for 72h at 37°C
prior to running the luciferase assay. Enzyme activity was measured using
Renilla-Glo Luciferase Assay kit from Promega as per the manufacturer's
instructions. The following equation was used to generate the percent inhibition
value for each test concentration.
Average Control (cells alone +0.5% DMSO) - Average compound value(cells + drug)
% Inhibition = X 100
Average Control (cells alone+0.5% DMSO)
The IC50 value was determined using GraphPad Prism and the following
equation:
Y=Bottom + CTop-Bottom)/(l+10 ((LogIC o-X)*Hill slope))
IC50 values/% inhibitions of compounds were determined 2-3 times in the
replicon assays.
Table 1 sets forth the IC50 values, for inhibition of genotype lb and 2a replicons,
of the compounds in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Group A
compounds exhibited IC50 value between 1 pM to 999 pM, Group B exhibited
IC50 value between InM to 100 nM, and Group C exhibited IC50 value of more
than 100 nM.
Table 1:
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited
herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each
reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by
reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and "at least one" and similar
referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of
the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the
plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The
use of the term "at least one" followed by a list of one or more items (for
example, "at least one of A and B") is to be construed to mean one item selected
from the listed items (A or B) or any combination of two or more of the listed
items (A and B), unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by
context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are to
be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,")
unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely
intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each
separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and
each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were
individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in
any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly
contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary
language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better
illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the
invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be
construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of
the invention.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best
mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those
preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the
art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled
artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for
the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the
subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable
law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible
variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated
herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
CLAIMS
1. A compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
wherein,
A is selected from -CR7=, -C R )- and -OB
is selected from -C(R )= and -S-;
U is selected from -N= and -S-;
with a proviso that B and U both cannot be S at the time;
" " represents a single or double bond;
R1 and R4 are divalent groups, each of which along with the respective
carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 3 to 7 membered
carbocyclic ring or a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing
nitrogen, and optionally oxygen;
R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- aryl, substituted- or unsubstitutedheteroaryl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocyclyl, R aC(=0)-,
R aOC(=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(R )C(=0)-, R C(=0)N(R )C(R )(R )C(=0)-,
and R 9(R )NC(=0)N(R o)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0)-;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,
substituted- or unsubstituted- alkyl, and substituted- or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl;
R7 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, and substituted- or unsubstituted
Ci-3 alkyl;
R8 is selected from hydrogen, substituted- or unsubstituted- alkyl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl, substituted- or unsubstitutedaryl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- heteroaryl, and substituted- or
unsubstituted- heterocyclyl;
R9 and R10 are each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl;
R a is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted- or
unsubstituted- alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- cycloalkyl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- aryl, substituted- or unsubstitutedheteroaryl,
and substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocyclyl;
Ra, Rb, R and Rd, are independently selected from hydrogen, substitutedor
unsubstituted- Ci-6 alkyl, substituted- or unsubstituted- aryl,
substituted- or unsubstituted- heteroaryl, substituted- or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl,
and substituted- or unsubstituted- heterocyclyl, or Ra, Rb, R
and Rd together with the carbon atom(s) to which they are attached
forming substituted- or unsubstituted- carbocycle, or substituted- or
unsubstituted- heterocycle;
m and n are integers independently selected from 0 and 1;
q is an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3 ;
when the alkyl group is a substituted alkyl group, the alkyl group is
substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected independently from oxo,
halogen, cyano, perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,
R 0-, (alkyl)S(=0) - , (alkyl)C(=0)-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-,
R N(H)C(=0)-, R (alkyl)NC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, R N(H)-, Rn(alkyl)N-,
R (H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-;
when the 'cycloalkyl' and the carbocyclic groups are substituted, each of
them is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected independently from
oxo, halogen, cyano, Ci 6 alkyl, perhaloalkyl, R aO-, (alkyl)S(=0)2- ,
(alkyl)C(=0)-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)0-, Rn(H)NC(=0)-,
Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, Rn(H)N-, Rn(alkyl)N-,
Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-;
when the aryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3
substituents selected independently from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, Ci 6
alkyl, perhaloalkyl, alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-,
H2N-, alkyl-S(=0) 2- , alkyl-C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-,
alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-, alkyl(H)NC(=0)-, H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- ,
alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- , and H2NS(=0)2- ;
when the heteroaryl group is substituted, it is substituted with 1 to 3
substituents selected independently from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, Ci 6
alkyl, perhaloalkyl, alkyl-O-, perhaloalkyl-O-, alkyl(alkyl)N-, alkyl(H)N-,
H2N-, alkyl-S(=0) 2- , alkyl-C(=0)(alkyl)N-, alkyl-C(=0)N(H)-,
alkyl(alkyl)NC(=0)-, alkyl(H)NC(=0)-, H2NC(=0)-, alkyl(alkyl)NS(=0)2- ,
alkyl(H)NS(=0)2- , and H2NS(=0)2- ;
when the heterocyclic group is substituted, it can be substituted either on
a ring carbon atom or on a ring hetero atom, when it substituted on a ring
carbon atom, it is substituted with 1-3 substituents selected independently
from halogen, cyano, oxo, Ci alkyl, perhaloalkyl, Rlla O-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-,
(alkyl)C(=0)0-, Rn(H)NC(=0)-, Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-, (alkyl)C(=0)N(H)-, R"(H)N-
, Rn(alkyl)N-, Rn(H)NC(=0)N(H)-, and Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)N(H)-; and
when the 'heterocyclic' group is substituted on a ring nitrogen, it is
substituted with a substituent selected from Ci 6 alkyl, (alkyl)S02- ,
(alkyl)C(=0)-, (alkyl)OC(=0)-, R (H)NC(=0)-, and Rn(alkyl)NC(=0)-;
R11 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and
heterocyclyl;
R a is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, perhaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
2. The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
compound of formula I is selected from
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein R1
and R4 is Ci alkylenyl.
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3,
wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from R aC(=0)-,
R aS(=0)2- , R aOC(=0 )-, (R )R NC(=0 )-, R aOC(=0)N(R )CR (Ra)C(=0 )-,
R aOC(=0)N(R9)CRb(Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0 )-, R aC(=0)N(R9)C(R )(Ra)C(=0)-,
R aC(=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(R )C(=0 )-, (R )R NC(=0)N(R °)C(Rb)(R )C(=0 )-,
and R (R )NC(=0)N(R °)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0 )-.
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from
R aOC(=0)N(R )CR (Ra)C(=0 )-, R aOC(=0)N(R )CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0 )-,
R aC(=0)N(R9)C(R )(Ra)C(=0 )-, R aC(=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(Rc)C(=0 )-,
(R9)R NC(=0)N(R °)C(R )(Ra)C(=0 )-, and R9(R
)NC(=0)N(R °)CR (Ra)C(Rd)(R )C(=0 )-.
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein R2 and R3 both are selected a s R aOC(=0)N(R9)CR (Ra)C(=0 )-.
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein R5 and R6 are selected independently from hydrogen and halogen.
The compound of formula (I), its tautomeric form, its isomer, or its
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as claimed in any one of claims 1-7,
wherein the compound is selected from
dimethyl a2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2 ,-(5,5 ,-(4,9b-dihydro-3aH-thieno[3,2-
c]chromene-2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2 'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4, 5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-
]oxepine-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-
methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2 'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4, 5-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-
d ]oxepine- 2,8- diyfjbis (4-chloro- 1H-imidazole- 5,2- diyl))bis (pyrrolidine- 2 , 1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[ l ,2-d]thiazole-2, 7-
diyl)bis( lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l -diyl))bis(3-methyl- l -
oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-
2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-loxobutane-
2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(3-chloro-4,5-dihydronaphtho[l,2-
b]thiophene- 2,7- diyl)bis (4-chloro- 1H-imidazole- 5,2- diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2 ,1-
diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-b]thiophene-2,7-
diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl-loxobutane-
2, l-diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((2S,2'S)-2,2 ,-(5,5 ,-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6,7]cyclohepta[l,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-
diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'SH(2S,2'S)-2,2'-(5,5'-(5,6-dihydro-4Hbenzo[
6, 7]cyclohepta[ 1,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(4-chloro- lH-imidazole-
5,2-diyl))bis(pyrrolidine-2, l-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate;
dimethyl ((2S,2'S)-((li?, i?,3S,3'S,4S,4'S)-3,3'-(5,5'-(naphtho[l,2-
b]thiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(lH-imidazole-5,2-diyl))bis(2-
azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane-3,2-diyl))bis(3-methyl- l-oxobutane-2, 1-
diyl))dicarbamate; and
methyl ((S)-l-((S)-2-(5-(2-(2-((li?,3S,4S)-2-((S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)amino-3-
methylbutanoyl) -2-azabicyclo [2 .2.1]hep tan- 3-yl) -1H-imidazol- 5-
yl)naphtho [1,2-b]thiophen- 7-yl)- 1H-imidazol- 2-yl)pyrrolidin- 1-yl) -3-methyll-
oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a combination of
compounds according to any one of claims 1-8 or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier or excipient.
10. A method of inhibiting the replication of an RNA-containing virus
comprising contacting said virus with a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound or combination of compounds according to any one of claims
1-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. A method of treating or preventing infection caused by an RNA-containing
virus comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment or
prevention a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
combination of compounds according to any one of claims 1-8, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the RNA-containing virus is hepatitis C
virus.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of co-administering
one or more agents selected from a host immune modulator and an
antiviral agent, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the host immune modulator is selected
from interferon-alpha, pegylated-interferon-alpha, interferon-beta,
interferon-gamma, consensus interferon, a cytokine, and a vaccine.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the antiviral agent inhibits replication of
HCV by inhibiting a host cellular function associated with viral replication.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the antiviral agent inhibits the replication
of HCV by targeting a protein of the viral genome.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein said antiviral agent is an inhibitor of a
HCV viral protein, a replication process, or a combination thereof, wherein
said targeting protein or replication process is selected from helicase,
protease, polymerase, metalloprotease, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, assembly,
entry, and IRES.
18. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of co-administering an
agent or combination of agents that treat or alleviate symptoms of HCV
infection selected from cirrhosis and inflammation of the liver.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of co-administering
one or more agents that treat patients for disease caused by hepatitis B
(HBV) infection.
20. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of co-administering
one or more agents that treat patients for disease caused by human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9, further comprising an agent
selected from interferon, pegylated interferon, ribavirin, amantadine, an
HCV protease inhibitor, an HCV polymerase inhibitor, an HCV helicase
inhibitor, or an internal ribosome entry site inhibitor.
22. The composition of claim 9, further comprising a cytochrome P450
monooxygenase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
23. A method of treating hepatitis C infection in a subject in need thereof
comprising co-administering to said subject a cytochrome P450
monooxygenase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
and a compound of any one of claims 1-8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
24. The compound according to any one of claims 1-8, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating or preventing an infection in a
patient caused by an RNA-containing virus.