DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for converting water into a usable additive to the hydrocarbon fuel used in internal combustion engines (ICE). The invention has multiple applications including running an internal combustion engine on a mix of the hydrocarbon fuel and the gas produced by the apparatus. Eventually, a suitable apparatus can be envisaged on the same principle which will run the engine solely on water vapor, cold water mist, and the gas produced by the apparatus, thereby obviating the use of polluting hydrocarbon-based fuels.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is no secret that humans rely heavily on fossil fuels in their everyday lives. As we consume more oil and natural gas, people have constantly sought to make improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions control, and alternative fuel sources. While there is a considerable amount of prior art that makes use of alternative energy sources like hydrogen and electric fuel cells and solar and wind generators, these energy sources are typically not sufficient to provide necessary power generation alone and often need to be combined in some hybrid fashion to ensure that the appropriate power generation is available.

There have been significant advances in utilizing the hydrolysis of water in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in order to improve fuel efficiency and decrease the emissions of undesired pollutants. U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,954 (the '954 patent), U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,493 B1 (the '493 patent), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,866,756 B2 (‘the ’756 patent) all disclose an electrolysis cell that is used to provide hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine.

The '954 patent, issued on Aug. 3, 1993, discloses an electrolysis ‘wet’ cell for use in connection with a combustion engine for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases which are added to the fuel delivery system as a supplement to the gasoline or other hydrocarbons burned therein. The electrolysis unit proposed in '954 patent, though relatively simple and easy to install, has a number of problems which require considerable maintenance and lead to higher costs associated with installing and using the device. The ‘wet’ cell is a transparent bottle or tank in which a series of metal plates are suspended. Such a contraption is easily susceptible to breakage, especially when installed in an automobile. It is also energized with direct current (DC) and requires large amounts of chemicals or electrolytes which tend to corrode engine parts.

The '493 patent, issued on April 3, 2001, discloses a kit that uses an electrolysis cell to produce hydrogen and oxygen that may either be separated or mixed before the gases are introduced into a vehicle fuel system. While the system of '493 patent increases fuel efficiency, it also does not have easily removable components, and also requires the addition of chemicals or electrolytes to facilitate the process of electrolysis. The product of '493 patent also uses direct current (DC) and tends to insert harmful chemicals into the engine intake manifold and corrode the aluminum parts within. The electrodes used in the system of '493 patent also have a relatively small surface area, thereby limiting the amount of hydrogen and oxygen that can be produced.

The '756 patent, which was issued on March 15, 2005, claims an electrolyzer that solves many of the problems left unresolved by prior art, but still works on direct or DC current, and requires the use of a concentrated aqueous electrolyte solution to operate.

All of these prior art systems claim that their benefit derives from a more complete combustion of the fossil fuels by adding gaseous hydrogen to the fuel mixture, thereby reducing the amount of soot and carbon monoxide that is consistent with an incomplete combustion cycle. However, each of these systems is complicated by one or more undesirable features. While each successor claims to overcome the deficiencies of its predecessor, each fails to parting itself from its reliance on an aqueous electrolyte solution for successful operation.

Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved power generating system, capable of generating enough gaseous hydrogen and oxygen without the use of an aqueous electrolyte solution to be able to partially or fully power an internal combustion engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing new technologies for converting water into gases which are a usable additive to fuel. Specifically, the device/apparatus according to the present invention utilizes a pulsed DC electronic control unit to create oscillations in a specially designed and assembled hydrogen generator which consists of a series of tuned resonating metal plates kept apart from each other by plastic separators. This assembly of alternating metal plates and plastic separators is bolted together securely with connecting means, for example stainless steel bolts, nuts and washers. The hydrogen generator breaks down the water by the process of electrolysis into its gaseous components, Hydrogen and Oxygen, which are then injected into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine or any other device which can be powered by the gases so produced.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a fluid conversion apparatus capable for converting water into a usable additive to fuel comprising:
a. a hydrogen generator having a housing to house at least one pair of tuned resonating metal plates separated by separators, the entire assembly submerged in water and surrounded by a sealed plastic container where;
i. the tuned resonating metal plates are tuned to the harmonic frequency of water; and
ii. the sealed plastic container comprises an inlet for water and an outlet for gas; and
iii. Suitable gaskets are used to ensure a leak-proof apparatus.
b. A low-pressure flash-back arrestor which dissipates any backfire from the engine or other appliance to which it is connected where:
i. the explosive gasses enter the one side of the arrestor through a metal sieve installed at the inlet; and
ii. the pressure of the blast is quenched by the dissipation of its molecules in the special media used in the flash-back arrestor; and
iii. the blast of explosive gasses is completely dissipated within the arrestor itself; and
iv. any residual flame is completely suppressed by the metal sieve installed at the exit.
c. A low-pressure safety release valve which operates in case of any malfunction in the hydrogen generator and the peripheral components which may cause a buildup of pressure within the system where:
i. a spring-operated valve trips open at a pre-determined pressure; and
ii. vents the gasses being produced by the system outside the car or room where any appliance is being used.
d. A specially designed water tank and a filter assembly of a suitable material which carries enough water for prolonged use of the apparatus where:
i. water can be easily filled into the tank by the user; and
ii. the filter cartridge can be easily removed from within the filter by the user for cleaning and/or replacement; and
iii. a specially designed water level sensor can be fixed which gives a low water level warning to the user; and
iv. in case water is not replenished, the water level sensor determines when the water has reached a designated minimum level after which it switches off the entire system.
e. A complete electronic assembly which interfaces with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the automobile and keeps it in tune with the changed combustion scenario after the introduction of the gas into the intake manifold of the engine, which consists of the following items:
i. an electronic fuel injection enhancer, which works actively with the various sensors in the car including the oxygen sensors, the Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor, the Coolant Temperature (CT) sensor and the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor or Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor; and
ii. an in-car control unit, which works actively with the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor or Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor, and also controls the functioning of the electronic system; and
iii. a suitable wiring harness complete with relays and fuses which connects the complete system electrically.

The Hydrogen Generator disclosed in the present invention is designed for electrolysis by the process of harmonic oscillations induced in the metal plates to get them to resonate at specific frequencies. The design of the Hydrogen Generator is such that the metal plates are housed in a lattice of separators in such a manner that they are free to oscillate, while remaining confined to their positions. The harmonic oscillations induced in the plates are achieved by a pulsed DC electronic control unit called the Fisher–Oriani Resonance Device (F.O.R.D.), and the oscillations induced in the plates result in the electrolysis of water.

In version A of the apparatus, the Hydrogen Generator is housed separately in a sturdy leak proof housing, and water is fed into the generator from a separate Water Container. In version B of the apparatus, the Hydrogen Generator is housed within the water container itself. Therefore, version B does not require a separate housing or separate water container. Both designs are more completely explained with reference to the drawings below.

In order to be used effectively and safely, peripheral equipment is required which consists of, not being limited to, an inner water filter (in the water tank of Version A), an external water filter, a bubbler, a drier, a specially designed low pressure non-Return valve (NRV), a specially designed low-pressure, Pressure Release Valve (PRV), an electrical Pressure Switch, and a low-pressure Flash Back Arrestor (FBA). Special electronic circuitry consisting of the patent pending (US Patent App. No. 16/851,097) Fisher–Oriani Resonance Device (F.O.R.D.), an Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer (EFIE), a Power Control Board, Wiring Harness and an In-Car control unit are also required, which interface with the sensors of an internal combustion engine typically used for present day automobiles and diesel generating sets. All these products are part of the present invention and are covered in the present disclosure.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the gases produced by the apparatus are injected into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine to augment the hydrocarbon fuel on which the engine is running. This increases the efficiency of the combustion and leads to a decrease in exhaust emissions.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the gases produced by the apparatus are used to decarbonize internal combustion engines. Continual use of an internal combustion engine in a vehicle or a diesel generating set leads to a build-up of carbon deposits inside the cylinders of the engine. The gases produced by the apparatus are used to effectively clean these carbon deposits.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the gases produced by the apparatus are used directly for welding purposes. This embodiment obviates the use of commonly used polluting gasses like LPG and acetylene in the welding industry.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the gases produced by the apparatus are used in a specially designed stove for cooking and heating purposes.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the gases produced by the apparatus may be used in an internal combustion engine without the requirement of any hydrocarbon fuel whatsoever, so that the engine is run entirely on water vapor and cold-water mist, along with the gases generated by the invention.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for converting water into a usable addition to fuel comprising:
a. building the apparatus of Claim 1 as per the disclosure herein;
b. filling the water tank and hydrogen generator with water;
c. turning on the power supply in order to supply pulsed direct current (DC) power to the tuned resonating metal plates at the harmonic frequency of water;
d. so that the tuned resonating metal plates resonate with the water, thereby stripping the water to its elemental gaseous parts;
e. the resulting gas can then escape the sealed plastic container through the outlet provided into the internal combustion engine or other mechanical device;
f. some energy capable of igniting the gaseous mixture is introduced to the gaseous mixture in the internal combustion engine or other mechanical device to incite a combustion cycle, for example, an alternator circuit in a car, or a step-down voltage regulator which converts 220 volt AC (or 110 volt (AC) to the required direct current (DC) voltage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings listed below. This present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the claims to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. The embodiments of the invention are described in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1A, 1B, and 1C: Front, Side, and Top views respectively of the Hydrogen Generator used in Version A of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2A, 2B, and 2C: Front, Side, and Top views respectively of the Hydrogen Generator used in Version B of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C: Front, Side and Top views respectively of the Hydrogen Generator housed in a leak-proof housing used in Version A of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C: Front, Side, and Top views respectively of the leak-proof housing used in Version B of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Figs. 5A, 5B and 5C: Front, Side and Top views respectively of the water container used in Version A of the apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 6: Water Filter used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 7: Bubbler used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 8: Non-Return Valve (NRV) used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 9: Drier used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 10: Flash-Back Arrestor (FBA) used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 11: Pressure Release Valve (PRV) which operates at very low pressures, which is used in both versions of the apparatus, according to the present invention;
Fig. 12: Block diagram of the Fisher-Oriani Resonance Device (F.O.R.D.) used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 13: Block diagram of a digital Electronic Fuel Ignition Enhancer (EFIE) used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 14: Block diagram of the Power Control Board used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 15: Block diagram of the In-Car Unit used in both versions of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 16: Schematic view of the piping setup of Version A of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 17: Schematic view of the piping setup of Version B of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 18: Schematic view of the wiring setup of Version A of the apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 19: Schematic view of the wiring setup of Version B of the apparatus according to the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

THE HYDROGEN GENERATOR

The Hydrogen Generator consists of an assembly of stainless-steel plates interspersed with plastic separators which are configured in a manner that the stainless-steel plates remain in their individual positions without coming into contact with each other, and yet are free to move or vibrate within their individual confined positions. The stainless-steel plates are tuned to the frequency of the water molecule, and are resonated at that frequency through the Fisher-Oriani Resonance Device depicted in Fig. 12. The difference between the Generators used in Version A and Version B of the apparatus is the method of connecting the electrical power to the generator as described more fully below.

It should be noted that the tuned resonating metal plates can be made from any metal which has the ability to withstand the corrosive atmosphere it undergoes during the process of electrolysis. Thus, apart from stainless steel grade 316L, the tuned resonating metal plates can be made of gold, silver and platinum which can withstand the highly corrosive environment of electrolysis. Usually, MS, Copper and Aluminum are not used as they are easily corroded. In some cases, MS or other metal plates can be used with thin coatings of the precious metals mentioned above. Research is ongoing around the world, to develop newer, cheaper and more efficient metal amalgamates which are able to withstand the corrosive environment of electrolysis.
It should also be noted that apart from polypropylene co-polymer, the insulating separators can be fabricated from nylon, high density polyethylene, and a few other plastic materials as well.

GENERATOR – VERSION A

In one of the examples, with reference to Figs. 1A, 1B, and 1C, the Hydrogen Generator of Version A disclosed in this invention consists of a number of stainless-steel plates consisting of ‘active’ steel plates (1) and ‘passive’ steel plates (2), housed in a lattice of separators (3), made of a sturdy plastic material which is molded or otherwise fabricated. Each separator has two ‘V’ shaped notches (7) on the side where the thin electrical connector pieces (6) (short length for Version A) are fitted with connecting means, for example SS316L nuts, bolts and washers (5). Each separator also has a square notch (8) on the opposite side of the connection which is used to align the plates together. The entire assembly of stainless-steel plates and separators is fitted and tightened together with connecting means, for example SS36L nuts, bolts and washers (4).

The metal plates are confined within chambers in the lattice in such a manner that they can vibrate freely without ever coming into direct contact with each other, and yet leave ample room for the gases produced between them to easily pass through the lattice. This configuration allows the plates to resonate and enables pulsed DC water electrolysis. The lattice design also ensures that the edges of one metal plate are always completely isolated from the edges of its neighboring metal plate, so that no ‘short-cuts’ take place between the plates, and greatly increases the efficiency of the electrolysis cell.

There can be, not being limited to, 4, 7, or 10 metal plates, and 5, 8, and 11 insulating separators respectively in the generator assembly, depending on the volume of gases required for any specific installation. In a preferred embodiment of the generator in Version A, there are, not being limited to, 10 metal plates and 11 insulating separators respectively in the Generator assembly, though it is to be understood that any number of plates can be used. The drawings depict a generator with 10 plates.

In a preferred embodiment of the generator, the stainless-steel plates are made of, not being limited to, SS316L, and the separators are made of molded PPCP which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

GENERATOR – VERSION B

In one of the examples, with reference to Figs. 2A, 2B, and 2C, the Hydrogen Generator of Version B disclosed in this invention consists of a number of stainless-steel plates consisting of ‘active’ steel plates (1) and ‘passive’ steel plates (2), housed in a lattice of separators (3), made of a sturdy plastic material which is molded or otherwise fabricated. Each separator has two ‘V’ shaped notches (7) on the side where the thin electrical connector pieces (6a) (long length for Version B) are fitted to the metal plates with SS316L nuts, bolts and washers (5). The thin electrical connector pieces (6a) are fitted to four SS316L connector strips (10) with SS316L bolts, nuts and washers (9). Each separator also has a square notch (8) on the opposite side of the connection which is used to align the separators together. The entire assembly of stainless-steel plates, separators and strips is fitted and tightened together with connecting means, for example SS36L nuts, bolts and washers (4).

The metal plates are confined within chambers in the lattice in such a manner that they can vibrate freely without ever coming into direct contact with each other, and yet leave ample room for the gases produced between them to easily pass through the lattice. This configuration allows the plates to resonate and enables pulsed DC water electrolysis. The lattice design also ensures that the edges of one metal plate are always completely isolated from the edges of its neighboring metal plate, so that no ‘short-cuts’ take place between the plates, and greatly increases the efficiency of the electrolysis cell.

There can be, not being limited to, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 or 22 metal plates, and 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 or 23 insulating separators respectively in the generator assembly, depending on the volume of gases required for any specific installation. In a preferred embodiment of the generator in version B, there are, not being limited to, 10 or 16 metal plates, and 11 or 17 insulating separators respectively, though it is to be understood that any number of plates can be used. The drawings depict a generator with 10 plates.
In a preferred embodiment of the generator, the stainless-steel plates are made of, not being limited to, SS316L, and the separators are made of molded PPCP which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

GENERATOR HOUSING – VERSION A

In one of the examples, with reference to Figs. 3A, 3B, and 3C, the generator housing of Version A comprises a main container (11), a central connector plate (12) and a bottom cover plate (13), all made from the 30% glass filled PP. All three parts of the housing are bolted together using SS304 stainless steel nuts and bolts (14), with rubber gaskets (15) between them to ensure against any leakage. The water inlet (16) of the housing of the hydrogen generator is set below the level of the metal plates to ensure that all the plates are supplied an equal volume of water. The water inlet fitting (17) can be molded or screwed into the housing, and the shape and size depends on the pipes which are used to connect all the parts of the apparatus together. The gas outlet (18) is set on top of the housing to facilitate the flow of the gas out of the hydrogen generator. The gas outlet fitting (19) can be molded or screwed into the housing, and the shape and size depends on the pipes which are used to connect all the parts of the apparatus together. The pipes (20) can be made from any suitable rigid or flexible plastic material like PP, PE, nylon or silicone rubber or the like. Two SS316 studs (21) connect to the thin connector pieces of the generator with SS316 nuts and washers (22) and carry the current to the tuned resonating metal plates of the generator assembly. The holes through which the stud connectors protrude from the housing are sealed with a silicon rubber ‘O’ ring (23), and are water tight to ensure against leakage. Rubber spacers at the top (24) and bottom (25) are paced in the housing to absorb vibrations, and hold the assembly securely in place within the housing. Two through holes (26) are drilled in the connector plate to facilitate the fitting of the generator. It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified material, design and dimensions.

The main container, central connector plate and the bottom cover can be made of any suitable plastic material which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

The gaskets and spacers can be made of any suitable rubber material which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

The water inlet and gas outlet fittings can be made of any material which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

The pipes can be made from any suitable flexible thermos plastic material like PP, PE, nylon or silicone rubber or the like which can withstand the heat and vibrations which occur in the environment in which it is installed, whether in a vehicle, a diesel generator, or any other application.

In a preferred embodiment, the gaskets are made, not being limited to, from silicon rubber and are 3.0 mm thick. It is to be understood that alternative different materials, designs and dimensions can also be used which are other than the specified material, design and dimension.

In a preferred embodiment, the generator housing is designed so that the generator operates in a vertical configuration. However, the housing can be made in any orientation so that the assembly within the housing is vertical, horizontal or slanting.

In a preferred embodiment, the gap between the plates is maintained at 2.0 mm. However, it is to be understood that the gap between the plates can vary between 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the water inlet and gas outlet are quick-fit connectors made of POM, a suitable plastic material, which is screwed into the housing of the hydrogen generator. The pipes are 6.35 mm diameter and made of made of PE. It is to be understood that alternative different materials, dimensions and sizes of pipes can also be used other than the specified material, dimension and size.
It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

GENERATOR HOUSING – VERSION B

In one of the examples, with reference to Figs. 4A, 4B, and 4C, the generator housing of Version B comprises a main container (27), a top cover (28), fitted together with connecting means, for example SS304 bolts, nuts and washers (29), with a silicone rubber gasket (30) in between to prevent leakages. The main container is molded or fabricated out of translucent PP and the top cover is molded or cut from a sheet of Delrin, and the gasket is made out of silicone rubber. In Version B of the apparatus, the generator housing is also the water container, and therefore no separate water container is required.

At the top of the housing are the water filling point (31), and the water container air release point (32) which are used to fill the water into the tank at periodic intervals. The water in the tank is filtered by constantly circulating it from the water outlet (33) through a 12V pump, through the main filter and back to the tank through the water inlet (34). The gas outlet (35) at the top of the housing is the outlet from which the HHO gas generated inside the container, flows to the engine through the non-return valve and flash-back arrestor. Another opening, the pressure-sensing safety outlet (36) at the top of the container is connected to the Pressure Release Valve and electrical pressure switches, and these valves and pressure switches ensure that the kit is turned off as soon as the pressure in the system increases beyond a pre-set value. The inlet/outlet fittings (37) are screwed into the openings so that pipes (38) can be fitted in the fittings to convey the gas or water through the apparatus.

At least 4 sets of SS316 bolts, nuts and washers (39) carry the current to the tuned resonating metal plates of the generator assembly through the connection strips of the generator. The holes through which the stud connectors protrude from the housing are sealed with a silicon rubber ‘O’ ring (40), and are watertight to ensure against leakage.

The above fittings can be made, not being limited to, from either SS316L, or any suitable plastic, molded or screwed into the housing, and the shape and size depend on the pipes which are used to connect all the parts of the apparatus together. The pipes (38) can be made from any suitable rigid or flexible plastic material like PP, PE, nylon or silicone rubber.

The water level sensor assembly is a set of two electrical connectors (41) which consist of SS316 nuts, bolts and washers and ‘O’ rings fitted in the Water Container at appropriate heights to sense the water level and indicate to the driver of the vehicle when water is required to be replenished. A Baffle (42) is fitted on the electrical connectors to damp the water flow when a vehicle is traveling on rough roads.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

WATER CONTAINER – VERSION A

In one of the examples, with reference to Figs. 5A, 5B and 5C, the water container, which is required only for Version A of the generator, consists of the main container (43) and the lid (44) which are bolted together with connecting means, for example SS304 bolts, nuts & washers (45), with a silicone rubber main gasket (46), to make the container leakproof. This construction allows sub-assemblies to be installed within the Water Container before it is closed. There are two sub-assemblies within the Water Container: One, the water level sub assembly provides appropriate signals to the electronic circuitry; and two, the water baffle sub assembly overcomes the splashing and sloshing of the water inside the water container. The Water Container lid has four openings at the top, and the main container has one opening at the bottom. Of the four openings on the lid, two are large openings with lid covers, and two are threaded openings for fitting connectors to them. The first large opening is the inlet (47), which allows the water to enter main container via an inner filter (48), which is a user-replaceable plastic bobbin made out of a suitable grade of plastic, with an expanded polypropylene filter cloth wrapped around it. The second large opening is the gas outlet (49), through which gas is supplied through a drier (50) to the engine of the vehicle, diesel generator or any other apparatus. The large openings are covered with plastic covers (51) which are bolted on with SS304 bolts, nuts & washers (52) with round rubber gaskets (53) in between the lid and the lid cover to seal the water container assembly. The lid covers have suitable threading to which threaded connectors (54) are fixed, and PE pipes (55) fitted to these connectors circulate the gas/water mixture in the apparatus. Of the two small openings, one is the water filling inlet (56), and the other is the pressure sensing opening (57) in which threaded connectors (54) are fitted, and PE pipes (55) are fixed to the connectors. At the bottom is an outlet which is the water outlet (58) with a threaded connector (54) and PE pipe (50) through which water is supplied to a 12V pump for circulating within the apparatus.

The water level sub-assembly is a set of three electrical connectors (59) which consist of, not being limited to, SS316 nuts, bolts and washers and ‘O’ rings fitted in the Water Container at appropriate heights to sense the water level and indicate to the driver of the vehicle when water is required to be replenished. The water baffle sub-assembly is a baffle (60) which is a plastic part which fits over the electrical connectors and dampens the splashing and sloshing of the water inside the water container when the vehicle is in motion.

In a preferred embodiment, the water container is molded from translucent polypropylene, and has a volume of approximately 1.50 litres. The electrical connectors are SS316 nuts and bolts of 4.0 mm diameter, suitably sealed with ‘O’ rings of silicone or other rubber material. The main container and lid are bolted together with a silicon rubber gasket or otherwise sealed to ensure against leakage.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

THE WATER FILTER

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 6, the water filter of the apparatus is a plastic bottle (61), with an inlet (62) and an outlet (63) at each end, with an expanded polypropylene filter media (64) of between 1.0 and 10.0 microns for filtering the gas/water mix which exits the hydrogen generator (in Version A), and the water which exits the combined generator/water container (in Version B). The main filter is fitted between the Hydrogen Generator and the Water Container (version A) and between the outlet of the Water Container and the 12V pump (Version B), and serves to clean the apparatus of any unwanted contaminant. The main filter can be made of any suitable plastic material and in any shape, and the ends can be either sealed by ultrasonic sealing, or closed with nuts and bolts, with a suitable gasket.

In a preferred embodiment, the main filter is, not being limited to, a round, tube shaped bottle made of clear or translucent polypropylene which is ultrasonically sealed at both ends. The inlet pipe and outlet pipe are of 6.35 mm outer diameter which are compatible with the POM components used in the apparatus. The inlet and outlet connectors can be push-fitted onto the inlet and outlet pipes, and the shape and size depend on the pipes which are used to connect all the parts of the fluid apparatus together. The pipes can be made from any suitable rigid or flexible plastic material like PP, PE, nylon or silicone rubber or the like.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

BUBBLER

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 7, the bubbler used in the apparatus is a plastic bottle (65), with an inlet (66) and an outlet (67) at each end. The bubbler is filled with distilled or DM water and the gas generated by the Hydrogen Generator is bubbled through the Bubbler to remove all the traces of any impurities which may be carried forward with the gas into the engine of the vehicle. The Bubbler can be of any suitable shape and size and be made of any suitable plastic like PP or PE or Nylon, or other material like glass, fiber etc., which is corrosion resistance. The Bubbler should preferably be transparent or translucent so that the level of filtration can be monitored, and the filter changed when necessary.

In a preferred embodiment, the Bubbler, not being limited to, is a round bottle with openings at both ends, and is made of transparent or translucent polypropylene so that the filtration level inside can be observed.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

NON- RETURN VALVE (NRV)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 8, the Non-Return Valve (NRV) used in the apparatus consists of an inlet pipe (68) is connected to the inlet piece (69) of the NRV, and an outlet pipe (70) is connected to the outlet piece (71) of the NRV. The inlet and outlet pieces of the NRV are screwed together after inserting a silicone rubber valve (72), which is held in place between the two pieces. The threading of the inlet and outlet pieces are sealed with any suitable material, e.g., Loctite, to ensure against gas leakage. The inlet and outlet pieces are shaped in a manner that any gas or liquid entering the NRV from the inlet pipe will always have an open path to flow out of the outlet pipe, whereas any gas or liquid trying to enter the NRV from the outlet pipe will be stopped completely by the silicone rubber valve, a thin disc of silicone rubber. The inlet and outlet pipes are made of POM which is suited for the connectors which are used in the apparatus.

The NRV is fitted in between the outlet of the Water Container and the inlet of the Bubbler to ensure that there is no back-flow which may be caused by a change in pressure from the engine side, which in turn, may cause the Bubbler water to flow into the Water Container. The NRV can be made of any metal or plastic material and needs to be configured to work in a low-pressure environment.

In a preferred embodiment, the NRV is made of, not being limited to, stainless-steel grade SS304 with a silicone rubber valve, a thin disc of silicone rubber. The NRV has a passive design without a spring so that it works effectively throughout its life. NRVs with springs sometimes stop working effectively due to the spring losing its tension over time.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

DRIER (Optional)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 9, the drier is a plastic bottle (73), with an inlet (74) and an outlet (75), one at each end, with an expanded polypropylene filter media (76) of between 1.0 and 10.0 microns fitted inside. The drier is fitted between the Bubbler and the outlet of the apparatus and serves to dry the gas before it enters the engine of the vehicle. The Drier can be made of any suitable plastic like PP, PE or Nylon or the like, and it can be of any shape.

In a preferred embodiment, the Drier is a round bottle with openings at both ends for inlet and outlet of the gas. It is made of clear or translucent polypropylene, and contains a filter of 2.0 microns made of expanded polypropylene which is inserted inside tube and dries the gas as it passes through the Drier.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

FLASH-BACK ARRESTOR (FBA)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 10, a Flash-Back Arrestor is installed between the apparatus and the throttle body or air intake assembly of the engine. The FBA ensures that in the event of a backfire in the engine, the blast is contained within the flash back arrestor and does not travel back to the apparatus under any circumstances. The FBA is made out of a suitable plastic material like PP, PE or Nylon, or any metal like MS or SS, with metal filters inside to absorb the heat of the blast. It may also contain a suitable media like sand, metal wool or silica grit to diffuse the gas which may have ignited due to the backfire in the engine.

In a preferred embodiment, the FBA is made of a molded glass-filled polypropylene flange tube (77) with molded inlet cover (78) and outlet cover (79) both made of glass-filled PP. The covers are threaded for fitting plastic threaded connectors (80). There are silicone rubber round gaskets (81) inserted between the flange tube and the covers to make the FBA leak proof. The assembly is bolted together with SS304 bolts, nuts & washers (82). The FBA works on the principle of quenching the flash with heat absorbing metal filters (83) made of copper or brass or bronze, and dispersing the blast by a diffusion media (84) which is filled inside the flanged tube. The diffusion media can be fine metal wool, or coarse sand or small silicate crystals.

In a preferred embodiment, the FBA is a flanged tube of glass filled PP with inlet and outlet covers of glass filled PP, with sintered bronze metal filters and 0.5 mm diameter ceramic balls used as the diffusion media.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

PRESSURE RELEASE VALVE (PRV)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 11, the PRV consists of a SS304 Main Body (85), an Inlet Piece (86) and an End Piece (87). Inside the main body are installed an SS304 spring (88) with two brass pushers (89), a silicone rubber ‘O’ ring seal (90), and a PTFE ball valve (91). Inlet & Outlet Pipes (92) made of POM are screwed in place in the Inlet piece and the Main Body. If the pressure exceeds the pre-set value, the valve operates and releases the pressure. The adjustment screw fitted in the End Piece, not being limited, is an SS304 adjusting screw (93), and the opening for the screw in the end piece is sealed with a small Rubber ‘O’ Ring (94), and a SS304 Nut and Washer (95). The PRV is set at 3.0 psi by the SS304 screw and under normal operation, it triggers the valve to release the pressure, and the gas so released, triggers a pressure switch to shut off the complete apparatus. The PRV and pressure switch work in tandem to ensure that the pressure inside the apparatus never exceeds the pre-set pressure. The electrical Pressure Switch is a bought-out item and is extensively used in RO water filters, where it has an excellent operating record.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

FISHER-ORIANI RESONANCE DEVICE (F.O.R.D.)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 12, 12V DC from a power supply, or a 12 volt battery in the case of a car or generator, is fed to Oscillator-1 (96) and Oscillator-2 (97), the PWM (98), the Output Circuit (99), the Feedback Circuit (100), and the Power Mosfets (101). The individual and combined signals from the Oscillators are fed to the Output via the PWM, and then on to the Power Mosfets for amplification. The Feedback Circuit reads the output parameters, and the oscillation frequencies and duty cycles can be adjusted accordingly. The pulsed and amplified power is fed directly to the Hydrogen generator of the apparatus. The F.O.R.D. is an electronic circuit which provides pulsed DC current at different frequencies to the metal plates of the Hydrogen Generator. The pulses are tuned to the frequency of the metal plates and when the plates transfer the oscillations to the water, the water molecules break down into their constituent gases. The duty cycles of the pulses generated by the FORD can also be adjusted, and in this manner, the Hydrogen Generator can be set to any particular level of operation and can be adjusted to work with both small and large internal combustion engines. The unique feature of the F.O.R.D. is that electrolysis is possible using plain tap water, without the addition of any electrolyte.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

DIGITAL ELECTRONIC FUEL IGNITION ENHANCER (EFIE)

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 13, 12V DC from a power supply, or a 12 volt battery in the case of a car or generator, is fed to four switching circuits, the Circuit for Oxygen Sensor-1 (102), the Circuit for Oxygen Sensor-2 (103), the Circuit for the Intake Air Temp. Sensor (104), and the Circuit for the Coolant Temp. Sensor (105). The oxygen sensor circuits are routed through Delay Circuits (106) so that the offset signals from the oxygen sensors are modified only after a short delay of approximately 45 seconds. This allows the car ECU to carry out its initial diagnosis. The switched or modified signals are then sent to the various sensors to make sure that the combustion environment is kept optimal with the introduction of the Hydrogen gas. The digital EFIE is the heart of the electronic system which interfaces with the vehicle ECU to ensure optimum fuel injection for controlling the combustion of the fuel/air/hydrogen gas mix in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.

When the apparatus is functioning in the vehicle, the parameters of the combustion cycle are almost always outside the range of values which a car ECU is programmed with. This anomaly has to be addressed for the apparatus to work efficiently, and this is done by adjusting the various signals via the EFIE.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

POWER CONTROL BOARD

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 14, 12V DC from the power supply, or a 12 volt battery in the case of a car or generator, is fed to the Switching Circuit (107), and also to the Power Relay-1 (108). Form Power Relay-1, the DC power is connected sequentially to Power Relay-2 (109), and Power Relay-3 (110). A 12V signal is fed from the Alternator circuit (111) to Power Relay-2, and another signal is fed from the Water Container Electricals (112) to Power Relay-3. When the ignition switch is on, and the HODS kit switch is on, and the engine is turning over, and there is sufficient water in the water tank, all three Power Relays will operate and the apparatus will be turned ON. The power control board senses the above conditions and makes sure that the apparatus remains OFF unless all the above conditions are met. Such an arrangement ensures the safety of the car, the apparatus and the passengers.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

IN-CAR UNIT

In one of the examples, with reference to Fig. 15, 12V DC from the power supply, or a 12 volt battery in the case of a car or generator is fed to the Main Switch Circuit (113), the MAP/MAF Sensor Circuit-City (114), and the MAP/MAF Sensor Circuit-H’way (115), and the CITY-H/WAY Selection Circuit (116). From the MAP/MAF sensor circuits, a sensing signal wire is also routed to the CITY/H’WAY Selection Circuit. This enables two different settings for City and Highway driving conditions. The signal from the Main Switch Circuit is sent to the Main ON/OFF LED Display (117) and the Water Level LED Display (118), to indicate to the driver, the status of the apparatus. The In-Car unit is the interface between the apparatus and the driver of the car, and the apparatus can be turned ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ from the IN-Car Unit.

It is to be understood that alternative materials, components, designs and dimensions can also be used other than the specified materials, components, designs and dimensions.

THE PROCESS

Figs. 16 and 17 depict the complete electric wiring and water/gas piping setups respectively, of the apparatus of Version A. Figs. 18 and 19 depict the complete electric wiring and water/gas piping setups respectively, of the apparatus of Version B. The apparatus is a specially designed system to provide hydrogen (and oxygen) gas to internal combustion engines (ICE) used in vehicles, diesel generators and other apparatus/applications which are powered by I.C.Es. The gas is produced in-situ by the power source already available in the vehicle or other apparatus/applications which use ICEs. As detailed in the foregoing paragraphs above, the Fisher Oriani Resonance Device (FORD) is a specially designed electronic circuit connected with the apparatus which provides pulsed direct current (DC) to the metal plates configured in the Hydrogen generator, using an external power supply like a car battery, or a 220V AC (or 110V AC) domestic supply, transformed and rectified to the required direct current (DC) voltage. The oscillating electric current easily breaks down water introduced into the Hydrogen generator into Hydrogen and Oxygen gases by the process of electrolysis. The power supply is connected to the resonating metal plates of the Hydrogen generator, and is tuned to the harmonic resonating frequency of the tuned resonating metal plates of the Hydrogen Generator. As the tuned resonating metal plates transfer the harmonics into the water, the water molecules separate into two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom. Once the water is converted into gas, the gas is piped through an NRV, a bubbler, a Drier (Optional) and a Flash-Back Arrestor to the engine and connected as close to the throttle body as possible. There, the HHO gas mixes with the air-fuel mixture and results in a faster, cleaner burn which increases the combustion efficiency and leads to reduced exhaust emissions and increased efficiency. Therefore, the HHO gas produced by the apparatus can be used as an additive to hydrocarbon fuel in a variety of mechanical devices including a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), and by itself without any addition, for welding, cooking, and de-carbonizing of internal combustion engines (ICE).

Several safety features are designed into the apparatus. First, there is no storage of the gas whatsoever. The gas is produced as required and is sucked into the engine. Therefore, the name: HYDROGEN-ON-DEMAND. Second, the apparatus operates at NIL pressure when it is ON. In case of any blockage, or for any other reason, if the pressure rises to 3.0 psi, the electrical and mechanical safety devices (the NRV, PRV, and Electrical Pressure Switch) turn off the apparatus instantly. Finally, a Low-Pressure Flash-Back Arrestor is installed at the point where the gas enters the engine ensures the complete safety of the apparatus by quenching any back-fire of the engine at the point where the apparatus interfaces with the engine.

FUTURE APPLICATION

In further alternate embodiments, the HHO gas generated as per the foregoing description can also be used to power an internal combustion engine without the use of any hydrocarbon fuel. By adding the Hydrogen and Oxygen gas from the hydrogen generator to an internal combustion engine via the intake manifold, and in the presence of water vapor, and cold-water mist, the presence of both Oxygen and Hydrogen is dramatically increased, resulting in a combustible gaseous mixture that ignites with a relatively low initial charge.

Thus, , the apparatus according to the present disclosure is able to power internal combustion engines without the need for any hydrocarbon fuels whatsoever. By introducing combustible Oxygen and Hydrogen into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, not only are the shackles of fossil fuels and aqueous electrolyte solutions discarded, but the resulting system also has the added benefit of significantly lowering the temperature of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, while raising the overall performance of the engine by increasing the chemical dissolution of the fuel source for the engine.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:

1) A fluid conversion apparatus capable for converting water into a usable additive to fuel comprising:
a. a hydrogen generator having a housing to house at least one pair of tuned resonating metal plates separated by separators, the entire assembly submerged in water and surrounded by a sealed plastic container where;
i. the tuned resonating metal plates are tuned to the harmonic frequency of water; and
ii. the sealed plastic container comprises an inlet for water and an outlet for gas; and
iii. Suitable gaskets are used to ensure a leak-proof apparatus.
b. A low-pressure flash-back arrestor which dissipates any backfire from the engine or other appliance to which it is connected where:
i. the explosive gasses enter the one side of the arrestor through a metal sieve installed at the inlet; and
ii. the pressure of the blast is quenched by the dissipation of its molecules in the special media used in the flash-back arrestor; and
iii. the blast of explosive gasses is completely dissipated within the arrestor itself; and
iv. any residual flame is completely suppressed by the metal sieve installed at the exit.
c. A low-pressure safety release valve which operates in case of any malfunction in the hydrogen generator and the peripheral components which may cause a buildup of pressure within the system where:
i. a spring-operated valve trips open at a pre-determined pressure; and
ii. vents the gasses being produced by the system outside the car or room where any appliance is being used.
d. A specially designed water tank and a filter assembly of a suitable material which carries enough water for prolonged use of the apparatus where:
i. water can be easily filled into the tank by the user; and
ii. the filter cartridge can be easily removed from within the filter by the user for cleaning and/or replacement; and
iii. a specially designed water level sensor can be fixed which gives a low water level warning to the user; and
iv. in case water is not replenished, the water level sensor determines when the water has reached a designated minimum level after which it switches off the entire system.
e. A complete electronic assembly which interfaces with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the automobile and keeps it in tune with the changed combustion scenario after the introduction of the gas into the intake manifold of the engine, which consists of the following items:
i. an electronic fuel injection enhancer, which works actively with the various sensors in the car including the oxygen sensors, the Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor, the Coolant Temperature (CT) sensor and the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor or Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor; and
ii. an in-car control unit, which works actively with the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor or Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor, and also controls the functioning of the electronic system; and
iii. a suitable wiring harness complete with relays and fuses which connects the complete system electrically.
.
2) The apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising the device being connected to an internal combustion engine.
3) The apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising the device being connected to a welding torch for welding purposes.
4) The apparatus as claimed in in Claim 1, further comprising the device being connected to a suitably designed appliance for cooking and heating.
5) The apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising the water source being an onboard reservoir that is connected to the inlet.
6) The apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising multiple hydrogen generators connected to the same mechanical device.
7) A method for converting water into a usable addition to fuel comprising:
a. building the apparatus of Claim 1;
b. filling the water tank and hydrogen generator with water;
c. turning on the power supply in order to supply pulsed direct current (DC) power to the tuned resonating metal plates at the harmonic frequency of water;
d. so that the tuned resonating metal plates resonate with the water, thereby stripping the water to its elemental gaseous parts;
e. the resulting gas can then escape the sealed plastic container through the outlet provided into the internal combustion engine or other mechanical device;
f. some energy capable of igniting the gaseous mixture is introduced to the gaseous mixture in the internal combustion engine or other mechanical device to incite a combustion cycle, for example, an alternator circuit in a car, or a step-down voltage regulator which converts 220 volt AC (or 110 volt (AC) to the required direct current (DC) voltage.