Claims:1. A method for powder tipping for an engine valve comprising:
adjusting a laser spot diameter using a defocusing technique for matching the laser spot diameter with an inner diameter of an Inlet and Exhaust engine valve cavity, wherein a depth of the cavity in each of the inlet valve and the exhaust valve at a pre-defined depth prior to adjusting the laser spot diameter;
enabling one or more fixtures to hold at least one or more Inlet and exhaust valves.
setting up a position of at least one entity on the engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and Exhaust valves using one or more image capturing devices;
setting up laser power comprising:
enabling a laser firing process upon integrating a laser cladding cell for creating communication between a plurality of peripherals within the engine valve tipping cell; and
computing a pre-defined set of instructions in a pre-set format prior to enabling the laser firing process;
injecting a pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity, wherein injecting the pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity comprises:
firing a laser power at a first power value up to a defined amount of time, for pre-heating the engine valve cavity prior to injecting a metal powder into a melt pool
injecting the metal powder into the engine valve cavity and the laser power is fired at a second power value for creating a bonding between a base metal of the engine valve and the metal powder and
firing the laser power at a third power value for filing a top surface of the engine valve cavity for obtaining a pre-defined shape for coating the engine valve cavity
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein setting up the position of the at least one entity on the engine valve cavity comprises setting up the position of at least one robot.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein computing the pre-defined set of instructions in the pre-set format comprises computing the pre-defined set of instructions in a form of a graph representing laser power verses time.
4. A powder tipping apparatus for an engine valve comprising:
at least one fixture configured to hold the one or more inlet valves and the corresponding one or more exhaust valves in a pre-defined position, wherein each of the at least one fixture comprises a plurality of magnets arranged in a series format, wherein each of the plurality of magnets is configured to hold the one or more inlet valves within the pre-defined position called magnetic fixture only applicable for Inlet valves;
at least one non-magnetic fixture is configured to hold the one or more exhaust valves in a pre-defined position at least one entity positioned at a pre-defined dimension on an engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves using one or more images captured by one or more image capturing devices;
a heat source configured for depositing metal powder onto the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves;
a cladding head configured to shape and focus a Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation beam to a principal axis; and
a powder feeder configured to transport and tip the metal powder from a feeding hooper to the clad area via a carrier gas flow or coating the metal powder on the cavity of the engine valve.
5. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one fixture comprises a spring holding mechanism configured to hold the one or more exhaust valves composed of a non-magnetic material and magnetic fixture to hold Inlet valves only.
6. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one entity corresponds to six axes robot comprising at least one of a motion path, a tool path or a combination thereof.
7. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the one or more image capturing devices comprises one or more complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras.
8. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cladding head corresponds to a laser cladding head.
9. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the powder feeder is controlled by at least one Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
10. The powder tipping apparatus as claimed in claim 4, comprises a powder switch operatively coupled to the powder feeder, and configured to operate the flow of metal powder into the clad area.

, Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to tipping of engine valves. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to apparatus for powder tipping for an engine valve and method thereof.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes information that can be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Engine valves are usually welded using conventional or traditional welding processes such as ‘TIG welding’, ‘MIG Welding’, ‘Oxy acetylene welding’, or the like. These engine valves are usually in very high demand globally and in the domestic market as they are used in various two-wheel vehicles such as motorbikes, moppets, or the like and four-wheeled vehicles such as cars. In order to meet high demand, manufacturers have to produce these engine valves in a low lead time, resulting in quality related issues and frequent scraping in large quantities of the engine valves. To re-work the defective valves, in-house welding is one of the options. However, the in-house welding results in high raw material cost and more metal consumable wastage. Furthermore, introducing more heat input while re-working can adversely affect the metallurgy in the substrate or in the engine valve metal. Also, re welding of the metal consumable (in rod form) on the defective area can increase substantial amount of material that needs to be removed during the post machining process with increase in operational cost too. Additionally, sometimes in the re-work procedure, the weld rod (metal consumable) misses the weld pool commonly resulting in wasted material and potential damage to the substrate or to the engine valve. In addition, these welding processes are having anomalies such as unacceptable dilution, de-bounding at fusion zone, porosity inside the weld metal, un-filling at edges of the cavity, and the like. Furthermore, such conventional process has short falls of raw material wastage due to repeated re works after the welding, metal consumable wastage due to rejection in quality related aspects, no satisfied yield, highly human intervention, and the like.
[0004] Furthermore, these conventional welding procedures with hurdles, the predominant technology called “LASER metal deposition or LASER Cladding” took the crucial role in such industries and other manufacturing industries too.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide an improved apparatus for powder tipping for an engine valve and method thereof.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0007] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide apparatus for powder tipping for an engine valve and method thereof;
[0008] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide powder tipping for the engine valve to eliminate unacceptable dilution, de-bounding at fusion zone, porosity inside the weld metal, un-filling at edges of the cavity during the welding process;
[0009] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide high quality Laser Powder tipping process by providing a minimal human intervention;
[0010] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a highly automated process for tipping the engine valves;
[0011] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a high wear and corrosive resistance for the engine valve by laser powder tipping process;
[0012] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a user friendly, highly reliable and highly efficient apparatus for Laser powder tipping the engine valve;
[0013] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method in which the raw material wastage and metal consumable wastage is declined drastically;
[0014] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method in which the operational cost at the post machining or at finished machining of the engine valve has been drastically decreased due to the top-notch optimization of the process;
[0015] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method in which productivity has been tripled and can save the time of the engine valve manufacturing line, also the end customer demands can be fulfilled;
[0016] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method in which the engine valve life time increases;
[0017] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method in which the original properties (physically and metallurgical) of the parent metal of the engine valve can be preserved.

SUMMARY
[0018] The present disclosure relates to multimedia interaction. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for learning one or more contents through multimedia interaction.
[0019] This summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts of an apparatus for Laser powder tipping for an engine valve, which is further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining/limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0020] An aspect of this present disclosure pertains to a Laser powder tipping apparatus for an engine valve. The apparatus may include: one or more inlet valves; one or more exhaust valves; at least one fixture of a pre-defined shape configured to hold the one or more inlet valves and the corresponding one or more exhaust valves in a pre-defined position; at least one entity positioned at a pre-defined dimension on an engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves using one or more images captured by one or more image capturing devices; a heat source configured to produce a melt pool area for depositing metal powder onto the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves; a cladding head configured to shape and focus a Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation beam to a principal axis and a powder feeder configured to transport and tip the metal powder from a feeding hooper to the melt pool via a carrier gas flow for coating the metal powder on the cavity of the engine valve.
[0021] In another aspect of the present disclosure pertains to a method for powder tipping for an engine valve. The method includes adjusting a laser spot diameter using a defocusing technique for matching the laser spot diameter with an inner diameter of an engine valve cavity; enabling one or more fixtures to hold at least once one or more Inlet and Exhaust valves on to their respective designated fixtures; setting up a position of at least one entity on the engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves using one or more image capturing devices; enabling a laser firing process upon integrating a laser cladding cell for creating communication between a plurality of peripherals within the engine valve tipping process cell or a laser cladding cell; computing a pre-defined set of instructions in a pre-set format prior to enabling the laser firing process; firing a laser power at a first power value for pre-heating the engine valve cavity prior to injecting a metal powder into a melt pool; injecting the metal powder into the engine valve cavity and the laser power is fired at a second power value for creating a bonding between a base metal of the engine valve and the metal powder; firing the laser power at a third power value for filing a top surface of the engine valve cavity for obtaining a pre-defined shape for coating the engine valve cavity for injecting a pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity.
[0022] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure, and wherein:
[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates flowchart of a method for Laser powder tipping for an engine valve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates and depicting an inlet and an exhaust engine valve dimensions or drawing in a powder tipping for an engine valve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 3 illustrates a setting up of defocusing of a cladding head of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of a top view of the Inlet and exhaust of an engine valve cavity of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates a graphical representation of a Laser Pulse power graph for the Laser powder tipping for an engine valve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 6 illustrates a representation of the inlet valve fixture of the powder tipping apparatus for Laser Metal Powder Tipping of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 7 illustrates a representation of the exhaust valve fixture of the powder tipping apparatus for Laser Metal Powder Tipping of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic representation of the cavity of the inlet valve and the exhaust valve before the tipping of the metal powder of FIG. 2 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0033] If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0034] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0035] The present disclosure generally relates to tipping of engine valves. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to apparatus and process for powder tipping for an engine valve and method thereof.
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates flowchart of a method 100 for powder tipping for an engine valve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, the method 100 may include maintaining a depth of the engine valve cavity of a pre-defined dimension. The method 100 includes adjusting a laser spot diameter using a defocusing technique for matching the laser spot diameter with an inner diameter of an Inlet and Exhaust engine valve cavity in step 102. In one embodiment, based on the pre- defined dimension of the depth of the engine valve cavity, the laser spot diameter may be adjusted using the defocusing technique. As used herein, the term “defocussing technique” may be defined as a technique used to set the laser spot diameter to match the inner diameter of the engine valve, the laser cladding head is attached to the robotic arm and one should use the robotic arm motion to adjust the laser spot by moving in the direction of +Z or –Z from the default focal point to de-focal point of desired, by measuring distance from focal lens to the work piece with the help of measuring scale in mm.
[0037] In the Defocusing technique, the laser spot from a focal point may be moved positively (Z+) away from a confined work piece to ensure that the spot matches with the Inner diameter of the engine valve cavity. As used herein, the focus point may be defined as a focus of light which may meet at a principal axis point of a particular length and from the focus point in Z+ direction needs to be moved to achieve the desired cavity diameter of the engine valve. As used herein, the term “principal axis point” may be defined as a phenomenon of a lens called focus lens, which is used in a laser cladding head. The principal axis of concave lens or focus lens is when the light rays get diverged and appear to form a single point concentrated after a particular distance from the lens is called principal axis point or focus, this particular focal point may be used to de-focus the spot to increase the spot size to make it as a workable engine valve tipping distance.
[0038] Further, the method 100 includes enabling one or more fixtures to hold Inlet and exhaust valves in step 104. In one embodiment, enabling the one or more exhaust valves to hold on the Non-magnetic fixture called spring holding mechanism and to hold one or more Inlet valves on the magnetic fixture.
[0039] The method 100 also includes setting up a position of at least one entity on the engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet valves using one or more image capturing devices in step 106. In one embodiment, setting up the position of the at least one entity may include setting up of at least one robot on the engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves. In one exemplary embodiment, setting up the position of the at least one entity using the one or more image capturing devices may include setting up the position of the at least one entity using one or more complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras.
[0040] The method 100 for setting up laser power includes enabling a laser firing process upon integrating a laser cladding cell for creating communication between a plurality of peripherals within the engine valve tipping process in step 108.The method 100 for setting up laser power also includes computing a pre-defined set of instructions in a pre-set format prior to enabling the laser firing process 110. In one embodiment, setting up laser power may include setting up a pulse mode laser firing. In one exemplary embodiment, computing the pre-defined set of instructions in the pre-set format may include computing the pre-defined set of instructions in a form of a graph representing laser power verses time.
[0041] In one specific embodiment, computing the pre-defined set of instructions may include computing the pre-defined set of instructions in a laser console panel. A pulse programme is inserted and may be saved by the programme name called ‘LASERMETALPOWDERTIPPINGFORENGINEVALVE’. Every time the laser is to be fired; the laser pulse programme may be called from a robotic programme. The graph as shown in FIG. 5, X axis represents the time in seconds t[S] and Y axis represents the laser power P[W].
[0042] Furthermore, the method 100 includes injecting a pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity in step 112. The method 100 for injecting the pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity includes firing a laser power at a first power value up to a defined amount of time, for pre-heating the engine valve cavity prior to injecting a metal powder into a melt pool in step 114. In one embodiment, firing the laser power at the first power value may include firing the laser power at about 480 watts for about 300 Milliseconds which may be referred as a first phase.
[0043] The method 100 for injecting the pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity includes injecting the metal powder into the engine valve cavity and the laser power is fired at a second power value for creating a bonding between a base metal of the engine valve and the metal powder in step 116. In one embodiment, injecting the metal powder into the engine valve cavity and the laser power is fired at the second power value may include injecting the metal powder into the engine valve cavity and the laser power is fired at about 840 watts for 1450 Milliseconds, which may be referred as a second phase.
[0044] The method 100 for injecting the pre-defined material into the engine valve cavity includes firing the laser power at a third power value for filling a top surface of the engine valve cavity for obtaining a pre-defined shape for coating the engine valve cavity in step 118. In one embodiment, firing the laser power at the third power value may include firing the laser power at about 500 watts for 499 Milliseconds, which may be referred as a third phase.
[0045] In such embodiment, the engine valve tipping injecting the pre-defined material may include injecting ‘Stellite#1’ material into the cavity of the valve, which may be divided into three phases as described above. The difference between the three stages is the ‘laser pulse power' and the ‘time’ (in seconds) utilised in each stage for injecting the metal powder (Stellite#1) in the valve cavity.
[0046] In one exemplary embodiment, during the first phase, the cavity may be preheated and there may be no involvement of the powder feeding at this phase and also the main key role played by the apparatus may be referred as the ‘Powder Switch’, were this powder switch may work with the pneumatic switch functioning inside the apparatus and also this pneumatic may be operated by an external solenoid valve which is allowing the compressed air flow into the pneumatic to switch ON or switch OFF the powder flow into the Co -axial nozzle system to feed the powder into the melt pools at phase two and phase three continuously. In one specific embodiment, there may be a provision which may give a privilege to play with laser power watts P[W] from + 100 watts to -100 watts and this may be used as an advantage to improve the dilution rates and filling of the top surface of the engine valves after tipping, as shown in a table below:

Sl. NO t [ms] P [W]

1
0.00 480
2 300.00 480
3
310.00 840
4 1750.00 840
5
1751.00 500
6 2250.00 500

[0047] Turning to FIGs. 2- 8, the position 200 for an engine valve is disclosed. The entity 200 includes one or more inlet valves. The entity 200 also includes one or more exhaust valves. The entity 200 also includes at least one fixture of a pre-defined shape. In one embodiment, one of the one or more inlet valves and the one or more exhaust valves may include a cavity depth which may be unfilled with dimensional parameters 200 (as shown in FIG. 2) which may be pre-defined. The cavity depth 210 which may be represented as ‘D1’, a cavity diameter 202 which may be represented as ‘A’, Overall Engine valve height from the head 208, which may be represented as ‘L1’, Wall thickness of the engine valve 204, which may be represented as ‘LT’ and a radius 212, which may be represented as ‘R(SPH)’. The cavity 800 of the inlet valve and the Exhaust valve may be as represented in FIG. 8, prior to laser metal powder tipping process.
[0048] The at least one fixture is configured to hold the one or more inlet valves and of the at least one fixture comprises a plurality of magnets 604 arranged in a series format. Each of the plurality of magnets of the at least one fixture 604 (as shown in FIG. 6) is configured to hold the one or more inlet valves 602 (as shown in FIG. 6) within the pre-defined position. In one embodiment, the at least one fixture can hold one of the Inlet valve and Exhaust engine valves of material grade ‘SUH3 and “SUH11’ with a magnetic nature and ‘21-4N’ with a non-magnetic nature in the accurate position with respect to the robot position on the engine valve. The plurality of magnets 604 attracts the Inlet engine valves 602 as these Inlet valves are made of MSS grade material which has a magnetic behaviour. The inlet valves fix firmly in the fixture thus allowing laser tipping of these Inlet valves with high degree of accuracy and speed(as shown in FIG. 6). In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one fixture may be a spring holding mechanism 704 (as shown in FIG. 7) configured to hold the one or more exhaust valves composed of a non-magnetic material, for exhaust engine valves 702 (as shown in FIG. 7) which are made of non-magnetic ASS grade material, the spring holding mechanism 704 may be used. This fixture holds the non-magnetic exhaust valves (as shown in FIG. 7). In one embodiment, the time taken to laser tip a single inlet or exhaust engine valve is 2.4 seconds. The fixtures designed by ‘Geometrix Laser Solutions Pvt Ltd’ may hold the valves in the best accurate position to go with split second time to process those engine valves.
[0049] Furthermore, the entity 200 includes at least one entity positioned at a pre-defined dimension on an engine valve cavity of the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves using one or more images captured by one or more image capturing devices. In one embodiment, the at least one entity may correspond to six axes robot which may include at least one of a motion path, a tool path or a combination thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the one or more image capturing devices may be one or more complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. In one exemplary embodiment, the engine valve cavity may be viewed and focused 400 (as sown in FIG. 4) for setting the position of the corresponding at least one robot.
[0050] The entity 200 also includes a heat source configured to create a melt pool in the engine valve cavity for depositing metal powder onto the corresponding one or more inlet and exhaust valves. In one embodiment, the heat source may be a laser machine. In one specific embodiment, TrumpfTru Disk 4002/2002 with 4kW/2kW output machine may be used for welding and metal depositions.
[0051] The entity 200 also includes a cladding head configured to shape and focus a Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation beam to a principal axis. In one embodiment, the cladding head may correspond to a laser cladding head.
[0052] In one embodiment, the laser spot diameter may be adjusted by a ‘Defocusing technique’300 (as shown in FIG. 3). In Defocusing, the laser spot from the focal point may be moved positively (Z+) away from the confined work piece to ensure that the spot matches the Inner diameter of the engine valve cavity. The elements used for defocusing may include an LLK cable 302, from which the beam is passed to a collimation lens 304, and further to a focusing lens 306 and may be focused at a laser ‘O’ defocus 308, at about 223 millimetres, on a work piece 310. A distance between the focus lens 306 and the laser ‘O’ defocus point 314 may be about 223 millimetres. Further, a distance from the laser ‘O’ defocus point and the work piece may be referred as a de-focused laser spot distance 312.
[0053] Furthermore, the entity 200 includes a powder feeder configured to transport and tip the metal power from a feeding hooper to the melt pool via a carrier gas flow for coating the metal powder on the cavity of the engine valve. In one exemplary embodiment, the powder feeder may be controlled by at least one Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). In such embodiment, the PLC may be computed in a pre-set format.
[0054] In one specific embodiment, the pre-defined set of instructions may include computing the pre-defined set of instructions in a laser console panel. A pulse programme is inserted and may be saved by the programme name called ‘LASERMETALPOWDERTIPPINGFORENGINEVALVE’. Every time the laser is to be fired; the laser pulse programme may be called from a robotic programme. The graph 500 as shown in FIG. 5, an X axis 502 represents the time in seconds t[S] and a Y axis 504 represents the laser power P[W]. The graph 500 may represent amount of work done 506 when plotted against power and time.
[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, the entity 200 may include a powder switch operatively coupled to the powder feeder. The powder switch may be configured to operate the flow of metal powder to the clad area. In such embodiment, operation of the flow of the metal powder may correspond to turn ON and to turn OFF the flow of the metal powder. In one embodiment, the powder switch may be a pneumatic switch. In one exemplary embodiment, the Inlet valve and the Exhaust Valve may be hollow before performing Laser Metal Powder Tipping. On performing the Laser Metal Powder Tipping, the inlet and exhaust valve cavity may include a Half ball shaped coating (as shown in FIG. 8), above which the stellite#1 material coating may be tipped to obtain a wear and corrosion resistance coating.
[0056] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C …. and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.
[0057] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0058] The present disclosure provides for an apparatus for powder tipping for an engine valve and method thereof;
[0059] The present disclosure provides the apparatus and method to overcome powder tippling for the engine valve to eliminate unacceptable dilution, de-bounding at fusion zone, porosity inside the weld metal, un-filling at edges of the cavity during the welding process;
[0060] The present disclosure provides a provide high quality tipping process by providing a minimal human intervention;
[0061] The present disclosure provides a highly automated process for tipping the engine valve;
[0062] The present disclosure provides a high wear and corrosive resistance tipping process for the engine valve;
[0063] The present disclosure provides a user friendly, highly reliable and highly efficient apparatus for powder tipping the engine valve;
[0064] The present disclosure provides a method in which the raw material wastage and metal consumable wastage is declined drastically;
[0065] The present disclosure provides a method in which the operational cost at the post machining or at finished machining of the engine valve has been drastically decreased due to the top-notch optimization of our process;
[0066] The present disclosure provides a method in which productivity has been tripled and can save the time of the engine valve manufacturing line, also the end customer demands can be fulfilled;
[0067] The present disclosure provides a method in which the engine valve life time increases exponentially;
[0068] The present disclosure provides a method in which the original properties (physically and metallurgical) of the parent metal of the engine valve is preserved, due to the controlled heat input.