WE CLAIM:
1. An aqueous dispersion comprising:
a microcapsule comprising: a shell having a three-dimensional cross-linked structure comprising at least one bond selected from a urethane bond or a urea bond; and a core, at least one of the shell or the core having a polymerizable group;
a dispersant comprising: at least one bond selected from a urethane bond or a urea bond; and a hydrophilic group; and
water.
2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, wherein at least one hydrophilic
group of the dispersant is an anionic group.
3. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 2, wherein the anionic group is at
least one of a carboxy group or a salt of a carboxy group.
4. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least
one dispersant is a compound represented by the following Formula (X):

wherein, in Formula (X), X1 represents a (pX+2)-valent organic group; nX and pX each independently represents an integer that is 1 or more; Y and Y each independently represents O or NH; Y3 represents O, S, NH, or NZ3; Y4 represents O, S, NH, or NZ4; R1

represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may comprise an alicyclic structure or an aromatic ring structure and that may have a substituent; L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; Z and Z each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may have a substituent, or represents a group (Wl) represented by Formula (Wl); and Z3 and Z4 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may have a substituent, or represents a group (Wl) represented by Formula (Wl);
wherein, in Formula (Wl), RW1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms that may be branched; RW2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms that may be branched; Lw represents a single bond, or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may have a substituent; nw represents an integer from 2 to 200; and * represents a binding position; and
wherein a carboxy group in Formula (X) may be neutralized.
5. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 4, wherein the compound represented
by Formula (X) is a compound represented by the following Formula (A):

wherein in Formula (A), nA represents an integer that is 1 or more; RA1 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may contain an alicyclic
A9
structure or an aromatic ring structure and may have a substituent; R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; YA1 represents O, S, NH, or NZA3; Y^ represents O, S, NH, or NZA4; ZA1 and Z^ each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may have a substituent, or represents a group (Wl) represented by Formula (Wl); and Z^3 and ZA4 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or represents a group (Wl) represented by Formula (Wl); and
wherein a carboxy group in Formula (A) may be neutralized.
6. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the

dispersant has a value (U), that is obtained by the following Equation (U), that is from 1 mmol/g to 10 mmol/g:
Equation (U): Value (U) = (total number of urethane bonds and urea bonds contained in one molecule of dispersant/molecular weight of dispersant) x 1000.
7. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the
dispersant comprises an anionic group as the hydrophilic group, and a value (a), that is a
millimolar number of the anionic group included in 1 g of the dispersant, is from 0.3 mmol/g
to 3.5 mmol/g.
8. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a ratio of
a mass content of the dispersant with respect to a mass content of a total solid content of the
microcapsule is from 0.05 to 0.7.
9. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the shell
comprises a nonionic group as the hydrophilic group.
10. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 9, wherein the nonionic group
included as the hydrophilic group of the shell is a group (WS) represented by the following
Formula (WS):

wherein, in Formula (WS), RW1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms that may be branched; RW2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms that may be branched; nw represents an integer from 2 to 200; and * represents a binding position.
11. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the
polymerizable group is a radical polymerizable group.
12. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the core
comprises a radical polymerizable compound.

13. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the core comprises a di- or lower functional radical polymerizable compound and a tri- or higher functional radical polymerizable compound.
14. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the core comprises a photopolymerization initiator.
15. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the photopolymerization initiator contained in the core has at least one of a carbonyl compound or an acylphosphine oxide compound.
16. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the polymerizable group is a thermally polymerizable group.
17. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and 16, wherein the core comprises a thermally polymerizable compound.
18. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein a sum of a total solid content of the microcapsule and a total amount of the dispersant with respect to a total solid content of the aqueous dispersion is 50% by mass or more.
19. The aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 18, that is used as an ink jet ink.
20. A method for manufacturing the aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 19, the method comprising a microcapsule-forming step of:
mixing, with a water-phase component comprising water, an oil-phase component comprising an organic solvent, the dispersant, a tri- or higher functional isocyanate compound, and at least one of an isocyanate compound into which a polymerizable group is introduced or a polymerizable compound; and
emulsifying the obtained mixture so as to form the microcapsule.

21. An image forming method comprising:
an application step of applying the aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 19 to a recording medium; and
a curing step of curing the aqueous dispersion applied to the recording medium.