Field of the Invention:

The present invention relates to design and development of Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT. Furthermore, the present invention relates to design and development of Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT wherein an eliminates the manual switching mechanism used by the farmers to ON/OFF the irrigation system. More particularly, The present invention relates to design and development of Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT which the microcontroller and sensors are successfully interfaced and wireless communication is attained between varieties of nodes.

Background of the invention:

For continuously increasing demand and decrease in supply of food necessities, it’s important to rapid improvement in production of food technology. Agriculture is only the source to provide this. This is the important factor in human societies to growing and dynamic demand in food production. Agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development in India. Due to lack of water supply and scarcity of land water result the decreasing volume of water on earth, the farmers use irrigation. Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil that means depending on the soil type, plant are to be provided with water.
Thus the motivational factors responsible for implementing this project are:
• The primary focus of this project is to help the farmers and reduce their work.
• This module can be implemented in perennial plant irrigation land as well as gardening land.

Agriculture is the backbone of all developed countries. It uses 85% of available fresh water resources worldwide and this percentage continues to be dominant in water consumption because of population growth and increased food demand. Due to this, efficient water management is the major concern in many cropping system in arid and semi-arid areas. An automated irrigation system is needed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The need of automated irrigation system is to overcome over irrigation and under irrigation. Over irrigation occurs because of poor distribution or management of waste water, chemical which leads to water pollution. Under irrigation leads to increased soil salinity with consequent buildup of toxic salts on the soil surface in areas with high evaporation. To overcome these problems and to reduce the man power smart irrigation system has been used.

The document US20170156274 A1 discloses System and Methods for Providing Remote Irrigation System Operation. The disclosure relates systems and methods for providing remote irrigation system operation. In any embodiment, the method for a home automation system may include coupling an irrigation control bypass module with a legacy irrigation control panel associated with a legacy irrigation automation system. The method may also include setting the legacy irrigation control panel to an inactive state, and operating the legacy irrigation automation system based at least in part on a first set of one or more instructions received from the irrigation control bypass module. In any embodiment, the irrigation control bypass module may be initiated based at least in part on a second set of one or more instructions received from the home automation system.

The document US 20140117108 A1 discloses Smart Irrigation Assistant. The Smart Irrigation Assistant (SIA) adaptor works in conjunction with an existing standard sprinkler timer to automatically modify the amount of water that is delivered to each zone based on the relative humidity. Provisions are also made for having the water delivered in intervals within the maximum time set on the standard sprinkler timer. This allows time for the water to soak into the ground before the remainder of the water allocated for that zone is applied. The SIA is powered from the existing standard sprinkler timer. It is connected to each of the wires that control the irrigating valves and it is connected in series with the common (ground) wire that goes to all valves. The SIA breaks the connection on the common circuit to the valves in order to stop the flow of water to the active zone.

The document US 4852802 discloses smart irrigation sprinklers. An improved automated irrigation system having localized moisture needs input to the control function. There is a sprinkler head connected to a supply of water under pressure by a pipe having a valve therein. A moisture sensing probe is placed in the soil adjacent the sprinkler head for developing an electrical signal representing the moisture content of the soil surrounding the probe. There is irrigation bypass logic disposed at the probe and operably connected to the valve and the probe for comparing the moisture content of the soil surrounding the probe to pre-established limits and for preventing the valve from supplying water to the sprinkler head when there is sufficient moisture in the soil. A timer controller can be employed to provide operating power to the system only at preferred times for watering. The moisture parameters for watering are adjustable. There is a wirelessly connected version eliminating wires between the probes and the valves. Supplemental valves are employed in branch lines and riser pipes to give more accurate control over localized areas and planting. Preferred power is supplied by a rechargeable battery recharged by a solar panel. There is apparatus for optimally adding fertilizer to the irrigation water as part of the moisture controlled system or on a stand-alone basis.

The document 201821023889 The present invention relates to design and development of IOT based Smart Irrigation System. In the smart irrigation system Medicine, Fertilizer, Pesticides and Water in liquid form are used. The proposed system consists of an android application for automatic ON/OFF of motor, which will reduce human efforts. With the help of application one can check whether electric supply is present or not. If not then the control and working of the system transferred to solar panel. The system provides an alarm system for automatically motor ON /OFF in absence of user. Sometimes android mobile may get damaged so there is alternative option that is SMS base system. Farmer wants to keep all their results so they can have access to database anytime they want by using this application. Following invention is described in detail with the help of Figure 1 of sheet 1 showingthe block diagram of the proposed system.

Summary of the invention:
The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. The project uses an Arduino microcontroller which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using a soil moisture sensor. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit.
Detailed description of the invention with accompanying drawings:

Nowadays agricultural field is facing lot of problems due to lack of water resources. In order to help the farmers to overcome the difficulties, smart irrigation system has been used. In this system, various sensors such as pH, soil moisture, DHT11, PIR (intruder detecting system) and pressure sensors are connected to the input pins of arduino microcontroller. The sensed values from the sensors are displayed in LCD. If the sensed value goes beyond the threshold values set in the program, the pump will be automatically switched ON/OFF by the relay circuit and it is connected to the driver circuit which helps to switch the voltage. The farmer will be intimated about the current field condition through GSM module and also updated in the web page. By using this system, the farmer can access the details about the condition of the field anywhere at any time.

WORKING CODE

#define threshold 600 // Defining Thresholds
#define wateringTime 5000 //5 seconds

int plantSensor1 = A0; // sensor pins
int value1 = 0; //initializing sensor value & variables
int pump = 3; // water pump control pin

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(pump, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pump, LOW); //pump off at initial
}
void loop()
{
value1= analogRead(plantSensor1); //Reading values from sensot
Serial.println(value1); //Displaying values on serial monitor for debugging
delay(2000);
if(value1 >= threshold)
{
watering1(); //control watering operations
}
}
void watering1()
{
Serial.println("Watering Plant");
digitalWrite(pump, HIGH); //Pump onn
Serial.println("Pump ON");
Serial.println("Watering");
delay(wateringTime); //Watering Time
digitalWrite(pump, LOW); //Pump off
Serial.println("Pump Off");
delay(5000); //Wait till extra water flows out
}
Before powering the circuit on, the following macro code definitions need to be checked:
1. Changing the angle of rotation of the servo horn toward the first pot and second pot. The default values are 70 degrees and 145 degrees.
2. Changing the watering time according to the size of the pot. The default values are five seconds and eight seconds.
3. Changing the threshold value according to your need. The default value is 600.

Place the flower pots where the pipe from the servo motor horn can easily reach them. When the moisture level dips below 600, servo horn rotates at an angle of 70 degrees. That is, after servo motor horn moves 70 degrees toward the first pot, the motor pump will be on for five seconds and then stop automatically. Then, the servo returns to its original position. Similarly, if you are using a second sensor, the servo motor horn will move to 145 degrees to the second biggest pot, motor pump will be on for eight seconds and then stop automatically. The servo returns to its original position.

Advantages over the prior art:
The main objective of this smart irrigation system is to make it more innovative, user friendly, time saving and more efficient than the existing system. Measuring four parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH values and the system also includes intruder detecting system. Due to server updates farmer can know about crop field nature at anytime, anywhere.
• The Arduino based automatic irrigation system is simple and precise way of irrigation. Hence, this system is very useful as it reduces manual work of the farmers and also helps in the proper utilization of resources.
• It eliminates the manual switching mechanism used by the farmers to ON/OFF the irrigation system.
• This system can be enhanced by designing this system for large acres of soil. Also, this project can be incorporated to make sure the value of the soil and the expansion of harvest in each soil. The microcontroller and sensors are successfully interfaced and wireless communication is attained between varieties of nodes.
• This proposed system can be enhanced by adding up machine learning algorithms, which are capable to study and recognize the necessities of the crop, this would aid the agriculture field to be an automatic system. The inspections and outcomes tell us that this result can be executed for a lessening of water loss and decrease the manpower necessary for a field.

WE CLAIM

1. The Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT comprising Sensor, Arduino Uno, DC Pump, Driver Circuit, GSM Module, Wi-Fi Module, LCD Display, Servo Motor, Microcontroller, intruder detecting system.
2. The Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT as claimed in claim 1 wherein an arduino microcontroller which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement.
3. The Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT as claimed in claim 1 wherein an automated irrigation system for efficient water management and intruder detection system has been proposed. Soil Parameters like soil moisture, pH, Humidity are measured and the Pressure sensor and the sensed values are displayed in LCD.
4. The Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT as claimed in claim 1 wherein the intruder detection system is done with the help of PIR sensor where the birds are repelled from entering into the field.
5. The Arduino based smart irrigation system using IOT as claimed in claim 1 wherein The GSM module has been used to establish a communication link between the farmer and the field. The current field status will be intimated to the farmer through SMS and also updated in the webpage.