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Audio Signal Decoder, Time Warp Contour Data Provider, And Method Thereof

Abstract: An audio signal decoder configured to provide a decoded audio signal representation on the basis of an encoded audio signal representation comprising a time warp contour evolution information comprises a time warp contour calculator, a time warp contour data rescaler and a warp decoder. The time warp contour calculator is configured to generate time warp contour data repeatedly restarting from a predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the time warp contour. The time warp contour data rescaler is configured to rescale at least a portion of the time warp contour data such that a discontinuity at a restart is avoided, reduced or eliminated in a rescaled version of the time warp contour. The warp decoder is configured to provide the decoded audio signal representation on the basis of the encoded audio signal representation and using the rescaled version of the time warp contour.

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Patent Information

Application #
Filing Date
23 September 2010
Publication Number
47/2011
Publication Type
INA
Invention Field
ELECTRONICS
Status
Email
Parent Application
Patent Number
Legal Status
Grant Date
2020-06-23
Renewal Date

Applicants

FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.
HANSASTRASSE 27C, 80686 MÜNCHEN GERMANY

Inventors

1. BAYER, STEFAN
DORTMUNDER STR. 14, 90425 NÜRNBERG GERMANY
2. DISCH, SASCHA
TURNSTRASSE 7, 90763 FÜRTH GERMANY
3. GEIGER, RALF
MAXTOGRABEN 29, 90409 NÜRNBERG GERMANY
4. FUCHS, GUILLAUME
PARKSTRASE 12, 90409 NÜRNBERG GERMANY
5. NEUENDORF, MAX
THEATERGASSE 17, 90402 NÜRNBERG GERMANY
6. SCHULLER, GERALD
LEOPOLD STR. 13, 99089 ERFURT GERMANY
7. EDLER, BERND
HEMELINGSTRASSE 10, 30419 HANNOVER GERMANY

Specification

Audio Signal Decoder, Time Warp Contour Data Provider, Method and Computer Program Background of the Invention Embodiments according to the invention are related to an audio signal decoder. Further embodiments according to the invention are related to a time warp contour data provider. Further embodiments according to the invention are related to a method for decoding an audio signal, a method for providing time warp contour data and to a computer program. Some embodiments according to the invention are related to methods for a time warped MDCT transform coder. In the following, a brief introduction will be given into the field of time warped audio encoding, concepts of which can be applied in conjunction with some of the embodiments of the invention. In the recent years, techniques have been developed to transform an audio signal into a frequency domain representation, and to efficiently encode this frequency domain representation, for example taking into account perceptual masking thresholds. This concept of audio signal encoding is particularly efficient if the block length, for which a set of encoded spectral coefficients are transmitted, are long, and if only a comparatively small number of spectral coefficients are well above the global masking threshold while a large number of spectral coefficients are nearby or below the global masking threshold and can thus be neglected (or coded with minimum code length). For example, cosine-based or sine-based modulated lapped transforms are often used in applications for source coding due to their energy compaction properties. That is, for harmonic tones with constant fundamental frequencies (pitch), they concentrate the signal energy to a low number of spectral components (sub-bands), which leads to an efficient signal representation. Generally, the (fundamental) pitch of a signal shall be understood to be the lowest dominant frequency distinguishable from the spectrum of the signal. In the common speech model, the pitch is the frequency of the excitation signal modulated by the human throat. If only one single fundamental frequency would be present, the spectrum would be extremely simple, comprising the fundamental frequency and the overtones only. Such a spectrum could be encoded highly efficiently. For signals with varying pitch, however, the energy corresponding to each harmonic component is spread over several transform coefficients, thus leading to a reduction of coding efficiency. In order to overcome this reduction of coding efficiency, the audio signal to be encoded is effectively resampled on a non-uniform temporal grid. In the subsequent processing, the sample positions obtained by the non-uniform resampling are processed as if they would represent values on a uniform temporal grid. This operation is commonly denoted by the phrase 'time warping'. The sample times may be advantageously chosen in dependence on the temporal variation of the pitch, such that a pitch variation in the time warped version of the audio signal is smaller than a pitch variation in the original version of the audio signal (before time warping). After time warping of the audio signal, the time warped version of the audio signal is converted into the frequency domain. The pitch-dependent time warping has the effect that the frequency domain representation of the time warped audio signal typically exhibits an energy compaction into a much smaller number of spectral components than a frequency domain representation of the original (non time warped) audio signal. At the decoder side, the frequency-domain representation of the time warped audio signal is converted back to the time domain, such that a time-domain representation of the time warped audio signal is available at the decoder side. However, in the time- domain representation of the decoder-sided reconstructed time warped audio signal, the original pitch variations of the encoder-sided input audio signal are not included. Accordingly, yet another time warping by resampling of the decoder-sided reconstructed time domain representation of the time warped audio signal is applied. In order to obtain a good reconstruction of the encoder-sided input audio signal at the decoder, it is desirable that the decoder-sided time warping is at least approximately the inverse operation with respect to the encoder-sided time warping. In order to obtain an appropriate time warping, it is desirable to have an information available at the decoder which allows for an adjustment of the decoder-sided time warping. As it is typically required to transfer such an information from the audio signal encoder to the audio signal decoder, it is desirable to keep a bit rate required for this transmission small while still allowing for a reliable reconstruction of the required time warp information at the decoder side. In view of the above discussion, there is a desire to have a concept which allows for a reliable reconstruction of a time warp information on the basis of an efficiently encoded representation of the time warp information. Summary of the Invention An embodiment according to the invention creates an audio signal decoder configured to provide a decoded audio signal representation on the basis of an encoded audio signal representation comprising a time warp contour evolution information. The audio signal decoder comprises a time warp contour calculator configured to generate time warp contour data repeatedly restarting from a predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of the time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the time warp contour. The audio signal decoder also comprises a time warp contour rescaler configured to rescale at least a portion of the time warp contour data such that a discontinuity at a restart is avoided, reduced or eliminated in a rescaled version of the time warp contour. The audio signal decoder also comprises a time warp decoder configured to provide the decoded audio signal representation on the basis of the encoded audio signal representation and using the rescaled version of the time warp contour. The above described embodiment is based on the finding that the time warp contour can be encoded with high efficiency using a representation which describes the temporal evolution, or relative change, of the time warp contour, because the temporal variation of the time warp contour (also designated as "evolution") is actually the characteristic quantity of the time warp contour, while the absolute value thereof is of no importance for a time warped audio signal encoding/decoding. However, it has been found that a reconstruction of a time warp contour on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information, describing a variation of the time warp contour over time, brings along the problem that an allowable range of values in a decoder may be exceeded, for example in the form of a numeric underflow or overflow. This is due to the fact that decoders typically comprise a number representation having a limited resolution. Further, it has been found that the risk of an underflow or overflow in the decoder can be eliminated by repeatedly restarting the reconstruction of the time warp contour from a predetermined time warp contour start value. Nevertheless, a mere restart of the reconstruction of the time warp contour brings along the problem that there are discontinuities in the time warp contour at the times of restart. Thus, it has been found that a rescaling can be used to avoid, eliminate, or at least reduce this discontinuity at the restart, where the reconstruction of the time contour is repeatedly restarted from the predetermined time warp contour start value. To summarize the above, it has been found that a block-wise continuous time warp contour can be reconstructed without running the risk of a numeric overflow or underflow if the reconstruction of the time warp contour is repeatedly restarted from a predetermined time warp contour start value, and if the discontinuity arising from the restart is reduced or eliminated by a rescale of at least a portion of the time warp contour. Accordingly, it can be achieved that the time warp contour is always within a well- defined range of values surrounding the time warp contour start value within a certain temporal environment of the restart time. This is, in many cases, sufficient because typically only a temporal portion of the time warp contour, defined relative to a current time of audio signal reconstruction, is required for a block-wise audio signal reconstruction, while "older" portions of the time warp contour are not required for the present audio signal reconstruction. To summarize the above, the embodiment described here allows for an efficient usage of a relative time warp contour information, describing a temporal evolution of the time warp contour, wherein a numeric overflow or underflow in the decoder can be avoided by the repeated restart of the time warp contour, and wherein a continuity of the time warp contour, which is often required for the audio signal reconstruction, can be achieved even at the time of restart by an appropriate rescaling. In the following, some preferred embodiments will be discussed, which comprise optional improvements of the inventive concept. In an embodiment of the invention, the time warp contour calculator is configured to calculate, starting from a predetermined starting value and using a first relative change information, a temporal evolution of a first portion of the time warp contour, and to calculate, starting from the predetermined starting value and using second relative change information, a temporal evolution of a second portion of the time warp contour, wherein the first portion of the time warp contour and the second portion of the time warp contour are subsequent portions of the time warp contour. Preferably, the time warp contour rescaler is configured to rescale one of the portions of the time warp contour, to obtain a steady transition between the first portion of the time warp contour and the second portion of the time warp contour. Using this concept, both the first time warp contour portion and the second time warp contour portion can be generated starting from a well-defined predetermined starting value, which may be identical for the reconstruction of the first time warp contour portion and the reconstruction of the second time warp contour portion. Assuming that the relative change information describes relative changes of the time warp contour in a limited range, it is ensured that the first portion of the time warp contour and the second portion of the time warp contour exhibit a limited range of values. Accordingly, a numeric underflow or a numeric overflow can be avoided. Further, by rescaling of one of the portions of the time warp contour, a discontinuity at the transition from the first portion of the time warp contour to the second portion of the time warp contour (i.e. at the restart) can be reduced or even eliminated. In a preferred embodiment, the time warp contour rescaler is configured to rescale the first portion of the time warp contour such that a last value of the scaled version of the first portion of the time warp contour takes the predetermined starting value, or deviates from the predetermined starting value by no more than a predetermined tolerance value. In this way, it can be achieved that a value of the time warp contour, which is at the transition from the first portion to the second portion, takes a predetermined value. Accordingly, a range of values can be kept particularly small, because a central value is fixed (or scaled to a predetermined value). For example, if both the first portion of the time warp contour and the second portion of the time warp contour are ascending, a minimum value of the rescaled version of the first portion lies below the predetermined starting value, and an end value of the second portion lies above the predetermined starting value. However, a maximum deviation from the predetermined starting value is determined by a maximum of the ascent of the first portion and the ascent of the second portion. In contrast, if the first portion and the second portion were put together in a continuous way, without starting from the starting value and without rescaling, an end of the second portion would deviate from the starting value by the sum of the ascent of the first portion and the second portion. Thus, it can be seen that a range of values (maximum deviation from the starting value) can be reduced by scaling a central value, at the transition between the first portion and the second portion, to take the starting value. This reduction of the range of values is particularly advantageous, because it supports the usage of a comparatively low resolution data format having a limited numeric range, which in turn allows for the design of cheap and power-efficient consumer devices, which is a continuous challenge in the field of audio coding. In a preferred embodiment, the rescaler is configured to multiply warp contour data values with a normalization factor to scale a portion of the time warp contour, or to divide warp contour data values by a normalization factor to scale the portion of the time warp contour. It has been found that a linear scaling (rather than, for example, an additive shift of the time warp contour) is particularly appropriate, because a multiplication scaling or division scaling maintains relative variations of the time warp contour, which are relevant for the time warping, other than absolute values of the time warp contour, which are of no importance. In another preferred embodiment, the time warp contour calculator is configured to obtain a warp contour sum value of a given portion of the time warp contour, and to scale the given portion of the time warp contour and the warp contour sum value of the given portion of the time warp contour using a common scaling value. It has been found that in some cases, it is desirable to derive a warp contour sum value from the warp contour, because such a warp contour sum value can be used for a derivation of a time contour from the time warp contour. Thus, it is possible to use the given time warp contour and the corresponding warp contour sum value for the calculation of a first time contour. Further, it has been found that the scaled version of the time warp contour and the corresponding scaled sum value may be required for a subsequent calculation of another time contour. So, it has been found that it is not necessary to re-compute the warp contour sum value for the rescaled version of the given time warp contour from a new, because it is possible to derive the warp contour sum value of the rescaled version of the given portion of the warp contour by rescaling the warp contour sum value of the original version of the given portion of the warp contour. In a preferred embodiment, the audio signal decoder comprises a time contour calculator configured to calculate a first time contour using time warp contour data values of a first portion of the time warp contour, of a second portion of the time warp contour and of a third portion of the time warp contour, and to calculate a second time contour using time warp contour data values of the second portion of the time warp contour, of the third portion of the time warp contour and of a fourth portion of the time warp contour. In other words, a first plurality of portions of the time warp contour (comprising three portions) is used for a calculation of the first time contour, and a second plurality of portions (comprising three portions) is used for a calculation of the second time contour, wherein the first plurality of portions is overlapping with the second plurality of portions. The time warp contour calculator is configured to generate time warp contour data of the first portion starting from a predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the first portion. Further, the time warp contour calculator is configured to rescale the first portion of the time warp contour, such that a last value of the first portion of the time warp contour comprises the predetermined time warp contour start value, to generate time warp contour data of the second portion of the time warp contour starting from the predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the second portion, and to jointly rescale the first portion and the second portion using a common scaling factor, such that a last value of the second portion comprises the predetermined time warp contour start value, so as to obtain jointly rescaled time warp contour data values. The time warp contour calculator is also configured to generate original time warp contour data values of the third portion of the time warp contour starting from the predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information of the third portion of the time warp contour. Accordingly, the first portion, the second portion and the third portion of the time warp contour are generated such that they form a continuous section of the time warp contour. Accordingly, the time contour calculator is configured to calculate the first time contour using the jointly rescaled time warp contour data values of the first and second time warp contour portions and the time warp contour data values of the third time warp contour portion. Subsequently, the time warp contour calculator is configured to jointly rescale the second, rescaled portion and the third, original portion of the time warp contour using another common scaling factor, such that a last value of the third portion of the time warp contour comprises the predetermined time warp start value, so as to obtain a twice rescaled version of the second portion and a once rescaled version of the third portion of the time warp contour. Further, the time warp contour calculator is configured to generate original time warp contour data values of the fourth portion of the time warp contour starting from the predetermined time warp contour start value on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information of the fourth portion of the time warp contour. Further, the time warp contour calculator is configured to calculate the second time contour using the twice rescaled version of the second portion, the once rescaled version of the third portion and the original version of the fourth portion of the time warp contour. Thus, it can be seen that the second portion and the third portion of the time warp contour are used both for the calculation of the first time contour and for the calculation of the second time contour. Nevertheless, there is a rescaling of the second portion and of the third portion between the calculation of the first time contour and the calculation of the second time contour, in order to keep the used range of values sufficiently small while ensuring the continuity of the time warp contour section considered for the calculation of the respective time contours. In another preferred embodiment, the signal decoder comprises a time warp control information calculator configured to calculate a time warp control information using a plurality of portions of the time warp contour. The time warp control information calculator is configured to calculate a time warp control information for the reconstruction of a first frame of the audio signal on the basis of time warp contour data of a first plurality of time warp contour portions, and to calculate a time warp control information for the reconstruction of a second frame of the audio signal, which is overlapping or non-overlapping with the first frame, on the basis of a time warp contour data of a second plurality of time warp contour portions. The first plurality of time warp contour portions is shifted, with respect to time, when compared to the second plurality of time warp contour portions. The first plurality of time warp contour portions comprises at least one common time warp contour portion with the second plurality of time warp contour portions. It has been found that the inventive rescaling approach brings along particular advantages if overlapping sections of the time warp contour (first plurality of time warp contour portions, and second plurality of time warp contour portions) are used for obtaining a time warp control information for the reconstruction of different audio frames (first audio frame and second audio frame). The continuity of the time warp contour, which is obtained by the rescaling, brings along particular advantages if overlapping sections of the time warp contour are used for obtaining the time warp control information, because the usage of overlapping sections of the time warp contour could result in severely degraded results, if there was any discontinuity of the time warp contour. In another preferred embodiment, the time warp contour calculator is configured to generate a new time warp contour such that the time warp contour restarts from the predetermined warp contour start value at a position within the first plurality of time warp contour portions, or within the second plurality of time warp contour portions, such that there is a discontinuity of the time warp contour at a location of the restart. To compensate for that, the time warp contour rescaler is configured to rescale the time warp contour such that the discontinuity is reduced or eliminated. In another preferred embodiment, the time warp contour calculator is configured to generate the time warp contour such that there is a first restart of the time warp contour from the predetermined time warp contour start value at a position within the first plurality of time warp contour portions, such that there is a first discontinuity at the position of the first restart. In this case, the time warp contour rescaler is configured to rescale the time warp contour such that the first discontinuity is reduced or eliminated. The time warp calculator is further configured to also generate the time warp contour such that there is a second restart of the time warp contour from the predetermined time warp contour start value, such that there is a second discontinuity at the position of the second restart. The rescaler is also configured to rescale the time warp contour such that the second discontinuity is reduced or eliminated. In other words, it is sometimes preferred to have a high number of time warp contour restarts, for example, one restart per audio frame. In this way, the processing algorithm can be made to be very regular. Also, the range of values can be kept very small. In a further preferred embodiment, the time warp calculator is configured to periodically restart the time warp contour starting from the predetermined time warp contour start value, such that there is a discontinuity at the restart. The rescaler is adapted to rescale at least a portion of the time warp contour to reduce or eliminate the discontinuity of the time warp contour at the restart. The audio signal decoder comprises a time warp control information calculator configured to combine rescaled time warp contour data from before a restart and time warp contour data from after the restart, to obtain time warp control information. In a further preferred embodiment, the time warp contour calculator is configured to receive an encoded warp ratio information to derive a sequence of warp ratio values from the encoded warp ratio information, and to obtain a plurality of warp contour node values, starting from the warp contour start value. Ratios between the warp contour start value associated with the warp contour start node and the warp contour node values are determined by the warp ratio values. It has been shown that the reconstruction of a time warp contour on the basis of a sequence of warp ratio values brings along very good results because the warp ratio values encode, in a very efficient way, the relative variation of the time warp contour, which is the key information for the application of a time warp. Thus, the warp ratio information has been found to be a very efficient description of the time warp contour evolution. In another preferred embodiment, the time warp contour calculator is configured to compute a warp contour node value of a given warp contour node, which is spaced from the time warp contour starting point by an intermediate warp contour node, on the basis of a product-formation comprising a ratio between the warp contour starting value and the warp contour node value of the intermediate warp contour node and a ratio between the warp contour node value of the intermediate warp contour node and the warp contour value of the given warp contour node as factors. It has been found that warp contour node values can be calculated in a particularly efficient way using a multiplication of a plurality of the warp ratio values. Also, usage of such a multiplication allows for a reconstruction of a warp contour, which is well adapted to the ideal characteristics of a warp contour. A further embodiment according to the invention creates a time warp contour data provider for providing time warp contour data representing a temporal evolution of a relative pitch of an audio signal on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information. The time warp contour data provider comprises a time warp contour calculator configured to generate time warp contour data on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the time warp contour. The time warp contour calculator is configured to repeatedly or periodically restart at restart positions, a calculation of the time warp contour data from a predetermined time warp contour start value, thereby creating discontinuities of the time warp contour and reducing a range of the time warp contour data values. The time warp contour data provider further comprises a time warp contour rescaler configured to repeatedly rescale portions of the time warp contour, to reduce or eliminate the discontinuity at the restart positions in rescaled sections of the time warp contour. The time warp contour data provider is based on the same idea as the above described audio signal decoder. A further embodiment according to the invention creates a method for providing a decoded audio signal representation on the basis of an encoded audio signal representation. Yet another embodiment of the invention creates a computer program for providing a decoded audio signal on the basis of an encoded audio signal representation. Brief Description of the figures. Embodiments according to the invention will sequently be described taking reference to the enclosed figures, in which: Fig. 1 shows a block schematic diagram of a time warp audio encoder; Fig. 2 shows a block schematic diagram of a time warp audio decoder; Fig. 3 shows a block schematic diagram of an audio signal decoder, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for providing a decoded audio signal representation, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 shows a detailed extract from a block schematic diagram of an audio signal decoder according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 shows a detailed extract of a flowchart of a method for providing a decoded audio signal representation according to an embodiment of the invention; Figs. 7a,7b show a graphical representation of a reconstruction of a time warp contour, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 8 shows another graphical representation of a reconstruction of a time warp contour, according to an embodiment of the invention; Figs. 9a and 9b show algorithms for the calculation of the time warp contour; Fig. 9c shows a table of a mapping from a time warp ratio index to a time warp ratio value; Figs. 10a and 10b show representations of algorithms for the calculation of a time contour, a sample position, a transition length, a "first position" and a "last position"; Fig. 10c shows a representation of algorithms for a window shape calculation; Figs. lOdandlOe show a representation of algorithms for an application of a window; Fig. 10f shows a representation of algorithms for a time-varying resampling; Fig. 10g shows a graphical representation of algorithms for a post time warping frame processing and for an overlapping and adding; Figs. 1 la and 1 lb show a legend; Fig. 12 shows a graphical representation of a time contour, which can be extracted from a time warp contour; Fig. 13 shows a detailed block schematic diagram of an apparatus for providing a warp contour, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 14 shows a block schematic diagram of an audio signal decoder, according to another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 15 shows a block schematic diagram of another time warp contour calculator according to an embodiment of the invention; Figs. 16a, 16b show a graphical representation of a computation of time warp node values, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 17 shows a block schematic diagram of another audio signal encoder, according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 18 shows a block schematic diagram of another audio signal decoder, according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figs. 19a-19f show representations of syntax elements of an audio stream, according to an embodiment of the invention; Detailed Description of the Embodiments 1. Time warp audio encoder according to Fig. 1 As the present invention is related to time warp audio encoding and time warp audio decoding, a short overview will be given of a prototype time warp audio encoder and a time warp audio decoder, in which the present invention can be applied. Fig. 1 shows a block schematic diagram of a time warp audio encoder, into which some aspects and embodiments of the invention can be integrated. The audio signal encoder 100 of Fig. 1 is configured to receive an input audio signal 110 and to provide an encoded representation of the input audio signal 110 in a sequence of frames. The audio encoder 100 comprises a sampler 104, which is adapted to sample the audio signal 110 (input signal) to derive signal blocks (sampled representations) 105 used as a basis for a frequency domain transform. The audio encoder 100 further comprises a transform window calculator 106, adapted to derive scaling windows for the sampled representations 105 output from the sampler 104. These are input into a windower 108 which is adapted to apply the scaling windows to the sampled representations 105 derived by the sampler 104. In some embodiments, the audio encoder 100 may additionally comprise a frequency domain transformer 108a, in order to derive a frequency-domain representation (for example in the form of transform coefficients) of the sampled and scaled representations 105. The frequency domain representations may be processed or further transmitted as an encoded representation of the audio signal 110. The audio encoder 100 further uses a pitch contour 112 of the audio signal 110, which may be provided to the audio encoder 100 or which may be derived by the audio encoder 100. The audio encoder 100 may therefore optionally comprise a pitch estimator for deriving the pitch contour 112. The sampler 104 may operate on a continuous representation of the input audio signal 110. Alternatively, the sampler 104 may operate on an already sampled representation of the input audio signal 110. In the latter case, the sampler 104 may resample the audio signal 110. The sampler 104 may for example be adapted to time warp neighboring overlapping audio blocks such that the overlapping portion has a constant pitch or reduced pitch variation within each of the input blocks after the sampling. The transform window calculator 106 derives the scaling windows for the audio blocks depending on the time warping performed by the sampler 104. To this end, an optional sampling rate adjustment block 114 may be present in order to define a time warping rule used by the sampler, which is then also provided to the transform window calculator 106. In an alternative embodiment the sampling rate adjustment block 114 may be omitted and the pitch contour 112 may be directly provided to the transform window calculator 106, which may itself perform the appropriate calculations. Furthermore, the sampler 104 may communicate the applied sampling to the transform window calculator 106 in order to enable the calculation of appropriate scaling windows. The time warping is performed such that a pitch contour of sampled audio blocks time warped and sampled by the sampler 104 is more constant than the pitch contour of the original audio signal 110 within the input block. 2. Time warp audio decoder according to Fig. 2 Fig. 2 shows a block schematic diagram of a time warp audio decoder 200 for processing a first time warped and sampled, or simply time warped representation of a first and second frame of an audio signal having a sequence of frames in which the second frame follows the first frame and for further processing a second time warped representation of the second frame and of a third frame following the second frame in the sequence of frames. The audio decoder 200 comprises a transform window- calculator 210 adapted to derive a first scaling window for the first time warped representation 211a using information on a pitch contour 212 of the first and the second frame and to derive a second scaling window for the second time warped representation 211b using information on a pitch contour of the second and the third frame, wherein the scaling windows may have identical numbers of samples and wherein the first number of samples used to fade out the first scaling window may differ from a second number of samples used to fade in the second scaling window. The audio decoder 200 further comprises a windower 216 adapted to apply the first scaling window to the first time warped representation and to apply the second scaling window to the second time warped representation. The audio decoder 200 furthermore comprises a resampler 218 adapted to inversely time warp the first scaled time warped representation to derive a first sampled representation using the information on the pitch contour of the first and the second frame and to inversely time warp the second scaled time warped representation to derive a second sampled representation using the information on the pitch contour of the second and the third frame such that a portion of the first sampled representation corresponding to the second frame comprises a pitch contour which equals, within a predetermined tolerance range, a pitch contour of the portion of the second sampled representation corresponding to the second frame. In order to derive the scaling window, the transform window calculator 210 may either receive the pitch contour 212 directly or receive information on the time warping from an optional sample rate adjustor 220, which receives the pitch contour 212 and which derives a inverse time warping strategy in such a manner that the pitch becomes the same in the overlapping regions, and optionally the different fading lengths of overlapping window parts before the inverse time warping become the same length after the inverse time warping. The audio decoder 200 furthermore comprises an optional adder 230, which is adapted to add the portion of the first sampled representation corresponding to the second frame and the portion of the second sampled representation corresponding to the second frame to derive a reconstructed representation of the second frame of the audio signal as an output signal 242. The first time-warped representation and the second time-warped representation could, in one embodiment, be provided as an input to the audio decoder 200. In a further embodiment, the audio decoder 200 may, optionally, comprise an inverse frequency domain transformer 240, which may derive the first and the second time warped representations from frequency domain representations of the first and second time warped representations provided to the input of the inverse frequency domain transformer 240. 3. Time warp audio signal decoder according to Fig. 3 In the following, a simplified audio signal decoder will be described. Fig. 3 shows a block schematic diagram of this simplified audio signal decoder 300. The audio signal decoder 300 is configured to receive the encoded audio signal representation 310, and to provide, on the basis thereof, a decoded audio signal representation 312, wherein the encoded audio signal representation 310 comprises a time warp contour evolution information. The audio signal decoder 300 comprises a time warp contour calculator 320 configured to generate time warp contour data 322 on the basis of the time warp contour evolution information 316, which time warp contour evolution information describes a temporal evolution of the time warp contour, and which time warp contour evolution information is comprised by the encoded audio signal representation 310. When deriving the time warp contour data 322 from the time warp contour evolution information 316, the time warp contour calculator 320 repeatedly restarts from a predetermined time warp contour start value, as will be described in detail in the following. The restart may have the consequence that the time warp contour comprises discontinuities (step-wise changes which are larger than the steps encoded by the time warp contour evolution information 316). The audio signal decoder 300 further comprises a time warp contour data rescaler 330 which is configured to rescale at least a portion of the time warp contour data 322, such that a discontinuity at a restart of the time warp contour calculation is avoided, reduced or eliminated in a rescaled version 332 of the time warp contour. The audio signal decoder 300 also comprises a warp decoder 340 configured to provide a decoded audio signal representation 312 on the basis of the encoded audio signal representation 310 and using the rescaled version 332 of the time warp contour. To put the audio signal decoder 300 into the context of time warp audio decoding, it should be noted that the encoded audio signal representation 310 may comprise an encoded representation of the transform coefficients 211 and also an encoded representation of the pitch contour 212 (also designated as time warp contour). The time warp contour calculator 320 and the time warp contour data rescaler 330 may be configured to provide a reconstructed representation of the pitch contour 212 in the form of the rescaled version 332 of the time warp contour. The warp decoder 340 may, for example, take over the functionality of the windowing 216, the resampling 218, the sample rate adjustment 220 and the window shape adjustment 210. Further, the warp decoder 340 may, for example, optionally, comprise the functionality of the inverse transform 240 and of the overlap/add 230, such that the decoded audio signal representation 312 may be equivalent to the output audio signal 232 of the time warp audio decoder 200. By applying the rescaling to the time warp contour data 322, a continuous (or at least approximately continuous) rescaled version 332 of the time warp contour can be obtained, thereby ensuring that a numeric overflow or underflow is avoided even when using an efficient-to-encode relative time warp contour evolution information. 4. Method for providing a decoded audio signal representation according to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for providing a decoded audio signal representation on the basis of an encoded audio signal representation comprising a time warp contour evolution information, which can be performed by the apparatus 300 according to Fig. 3. The method 400 comprises a first step 410 of generating the time warp contour data, repeatedly restarting from a predetermined time warp contour start value, on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information describing a temporal evolution of the time warp contour. The method 400 further comprises a step 420 of rescaling at least a portion of the time warp control data, such that a discontinuity at one of the restarts is avoided, reduced or eliminated in a rescaled version of the time warp contour. The method 400 further comprises a step 430 of providing a decoded audio signal representation on the basis of the encoded audio signal representation using the rescaled version of the time warp contour. 5. Detailed description of an embodiment according to the invention taking reference to Figs. 5-9. In the following, an embodiment according to the invention will be described in detail taking reference to Figs. 5-9. Fig. 5 shows a block schematic diagram of an apparatus 500 for providing a time warp control information 512 on the basis of a time warp contour evolution information 510. The apparatus 500 comprises a means 520 for providing a reconstructed time warp contour information 522 on the basis of the time warp contour evolution information 510, and a time warp control information calculator 530 to provide the time warp control information 512 on the basis of the reconstructed time warp contour information 522. Means 520 for Providing the Reconstructed Time Warp Contour Information In the following, the structure and functionality of the means 520 will be described. The means 520 comprises a time warp contour calculator 540, which is configured to receive the time warp contour evolution information 510 and to provide, on the basis thereof, a new warp contour portion information 542. For example, a set of time warp contour evolution information may be transmitted to the apparatus 500 for each frame of the audio signal to be reconstructed. Nevertheless, the set of time warp contour evolution information 510 associated with a frame of the audio signal to be reconstructed may be used for the reconstruction of a plurality of frames of the audio signal. Similarly, a plurality of sets of time warp contour evolution information may be used for the reconstruction of the audio content of a single frame of the audio signal, as will be discussed in detail in the following. As a conclusion, it can be stated that in some embodiments, the time warp contour evolution information 510 may be updated at the same rate at which sets of the transform domain coefficient of the audio signal to be reconstructed or updated (one time warp contour portion per frame of the audio signal). The time warp contour calculator 540 comprises a warp node value calculator 544, which is configured to compute a plurality (or temporal sequence) of warp contour node values on the basis of a plurality (or temporal sequence) of time warp contour ratio values (or time warp ratio indices), wherein the time warp ratio values (or indices) are comprised by the time warp contour evolution information 510. For this purpose, the warp node value calculator 544 is configured to start the provision of the time warp contour node values at a predetermined starting value (for example 1) and to calculate subsequent time warp contour node values using the time warp contour ratio values, as will be discussed below. Further, the time warp contour calculator 540 optionally comprises an interpolator 548 which is configured to interpolate between subsequent time warp contour node values. Accordingly, the description 542 of the new time warp contour portion is obtained, wherein the new time warp contour portion typically starts from the predetermined starting value used by the warp node value calculator 524. Furthermore, the means 520 is configured to consider additional time warp contour portions, namely a so-called "last time warp contour portion" and a so-called "current time warp contour portion" for the provision of a full time warp contour section. For this purpose, means 520 is configured to store the so-called "last time warp contour portion" and the so-called "current time warp contour portion" in a memory not shown in Fig. 5. However, the means 520 also comprises a rescaler 550, which is configured to rescale the "last time warp contour portion" and the "current time warp contour portion" to avoid (or reduce, or eliminate) any discontinuities in the full time warp contour section, which is based on the "last time warp contour portion", the "current time warp contour portion" and the "new time warp contour portion". For this purpose, the rescaler 550 is configured to receive the stored description of the "last time warp contour portion" and of the "current time warp contour portion" and to jointly rescale the "last time warp contour portion" and the "current time warp contour portion", to obtain rescaled versions of the "last time warp contour portion" and the "current time warp contour portion". Details regarding the rescaling performed by the rescaler 550 will be discussed below, taking reference to Figs. 7a, 7b and 8. Moreover, the rescaler 550 may also be configured to receive, for example from a memory not shown in Fig. 5, a sum value associated with the "last time warp contour portion" and another sum value associated with the "current time warp contour portion". These sum values are sometimes designated with "last_warp_sum" and "curwarpsum", respectively. The rescaler 550 is configured to rescale the sum values associated with the time warp contour portions using the same rescale factor which the corresponding time warp contour portions are rescaled with. Accordingly, rescaled sum values are obtained. In some cases, the means 520 may comprise an updater 560, which is configured to repeatedly update the time warp contour portions input into the rescaler 550 and also the sum values input into the rescaler 550. For example, the updater 560 may be configured to update said information at the frame rate. For example, the "new time warp contour portion" of the present frame cycle may serve as the "current time warp contour portion" in a next frame cycle. Similarly, the rescaled "current time warp contour portion" of the current frame cycle may serve as the "last time warp contour portion" in a next frame cycle. Accordingly, a memory efficient implementation is created, because the "last time warp contour portion" of the current frame cycle may be discarded upon completion of the current frame cycle. To summarize the above, the means 520 is configured to provide, for each frame cycle (with the exception of some special frame cycles, for example at the beginning of a frame sequence, or at the end of a frame sequence, or in a frame in which time warping is inactive) a description of a time warp contour section comprising a description of a "new time warp contour portion", of a "rescaled current time warp contour portion" and of a "rescaled last time warp contour portion". Furthermore, the means 520 may provide, for each frame cycle (with the exception of the above mentioned special frame cycle) a representation of warp contour sum values, for example, comprising a "new time warp contour portion sum value", a "rescaled current time warp contour sum value" and a "rescaled last time warp contour sum value". The time warp control information calculator 530 is configured to calculate the time warp control information 512 on the basis of the reconstructed time warp contour information provided by the means 520. For example, the time warp control information calculator comprises a time contour calculator 570, which is configured to compute a time contour 572 on the basis of the reconstructed time warp control information. Further, the time warp contour information calculator 530 comprises a sample position calculator 574, which is configured to receive the time contour 572 and to provide, on the basis thereof, a sample position information, for example in the form of a sample position vector 576. The sample position vector 576 describes the time warping performed, for example, by the resampler 218. The time warp control information calculator 530 also comprises a transition length calculator, which is configured to derive a transition length information from the reconstructed time warp control information. The transition length information 582 may, for example, comprise an information describing a left transition length and an information describing a right transition length. The transition length may, for example, depend on a length of time segments described by the "last time warp contour portion", the "current time warp contour portion" and the "new time warp contour portion". For example, the transition length may be shortened (when compared to a default transition length) if the temporal extension of a time segment described by the "last time warp contour portion" is shorter than a temporal extension of the time segment described by the "current time warp contour portion", or if the temporal extension of a time segment described by the "new time warp contour portion" is shorter than the temporal extension of the time segment described by the "current time warp contour portion". In addition, the time warp control information calculator 530 may further comprise a first and last position calculator 584, which is configured to calculate a so-called "first position" and a so-called "last position" on the basis of the left and right transition length. The "first position" and the "last position" increase the efficiency of the resampler, as regions outside of these positions are identical to zero after windowing and are therefore not needed to be taken into account for the time warping. It should be noted here that the sample position vector 576 comprises, for example, information required by the time warping performed by the resampler 280. Furthermore, the left and right transition length 582 and the "first position" and "last position" 586 constitute information, which is, for example, required by the windower 216. Accordingly, it can be said that the means 520 and the time warp control information calculator 530 may together take over the functionality of the sample rate adjustment 220, of the window shape adjustment 210 and of the sampling position calculation 219. In the following, the functionality of an audio decoder comprises the means 520 and the time warp control information calculator 530 will be described with reference to Figs. 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9a-9c, lOa-lOg, 1 la, 1 lb and 12. Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of a method for decoding an encoded representation of an audio signal, according to an embodiment of the invention. The method 600 comprises providing a reconstructed time warp contour information, wherein providing the reconstructed time warp contour information comprises calculating 610 warp node values, interpolating 620 between the warp node values and rescaling 630 one or more previously calculated warp contour portions and one or more previously calculated warp contour sum values. The method 600 further comprises calculating 640 time warp control information using a "new time warp contour portion" obtained in steps 610 and 620, the rescaled previously calculated time warp contour portions ("current time warp contour portion" and "last time warp contour portion") and also, optionally, using the rescaled previously calculated warp contour sum values. As a result, a time contour information, and/or a sample position information, and/or a transition length information and/or a first portion and last position information can be obtained in the step 640. The method 600 further comprises performing 650 time warped signal reconstruction using the time warp control information obtained in step 640. Details regarding the time warp signal reconstruction will be described subsequently. The method 600 also comprises a step 660 of updating a memory, as will be described below. Calculation of the Time Warp Contour Portions In the following, details regarding the calculation of the time warp contour portions will be described, taking reference to Figs. 7a, 7b, 8, 9a, 9b, 9c. It will be assumed that an initial state is present, which is illustrated in a graphical representation 710 of Fig. 7a. As can be seen, a first warp contour portion 716 (warp contour portion 1) and a second warp contour portion 718 (warp contour portion 2) are present. Each of the warp contour portions typically comprises a plurality of discrete warp contour data values, which are typically stored in a memory. The different warp contour data values are associated with time values, wherein a time is shown at an abscissa 712. A magnitude of the warp contour data values is shown at an ordinate 714. As can be seen, the first warp contour portion has an end value of 1, and the second warp contour portion has a start value of 1, wherein the value of 1 can be considered as a "predetermined value". It should be noted that the first warp contour portion 716 can be considered as a "last time warp contour portion" (also designated as "last_warp_contour"), while the second warp contour portion 718 can be considered as a "current time warp contour portion" (also referred to as "cur_warp_contour"). Starting from the initial state, a new warp contour portion is calculated, for example, in the steps 610, 620 of the method 600. Accordingly, warp contour data values of the third warp contour portion (also designated as "warp contour portion 3" or "new time warp contour portion" or "new_warp_contour") is calculated. The calculation may, for example, be separated in a calculation of warp node values, according to an algorithm 910 shown in Fig. 9a, and an interpolation 620 between the warp node values, according to an algorithm 920 shown in Fig. 9a. Accordingly, a new warp contour portion 722 is obtained, which starts from the predetermined value (for example 1) and which is shown in a graphical representation 720 of Fig. 7a. As can be seen, the first time warp contour portion 716, the second time warp contour portion 718 and the third new time warp contour portion are associated with subsequent and contiguous time intervals. Further, it can be seen that there is a discontinuity 724 between an end point 718b of the second time warp contour portion 718 and a start point 722a of the third time warp contour portion. It should be noted here that the discontinuity 724 typically comprises a magnitude which is larger than a variation between any two temporally adjacent warp contour data values of the time warp contour within a time warp contour portion. This is due to the fact that the start value 722a of the third time warp contour portion 722 is forced to the predetermined value (e.g. 1), independent from the end value 718b of the second time warp contour portion 718. It should be noted that the discontinuity 724 is therefore larger than the unavoidable variation between two adjacent, discrete warp contour data values. Nevertheless, this discontinuity between the second time warp contour portion 718 and the third time warp contour portion 722 would be detrimental for the further use of the time warp contour data values. Accordingly, the first time warp contour portion and the second time warp contour portion are jointly rescaled in the step 630 of the method 600. For example, the time warp contour data values of the first time warp contour portion 716 and the time warp contour data values of the second time warp contour portion 718 are rescaled by multiplication with a rescaling factor (also designated as "norm_fac"). Accordingly, a rescaled version 716' of the first time warp contour portion 716 is obtained, and also a rescaled version 718' of the second time warp contour portion 718 is obtained. In contrast, the third time warp contour portion is typically left unaffected in this rescaling step, as can be seen in a graphical representation 730 of Fig. 7a. Rescaling can be performed such that the rescaled end point 718b' comprises, at least approximately, the same data value as the start point 722a of the third time warp contour portion 722. Accordingly, the rescaled version 716' of the first time warp contour portion, the rescaled version 718' of the second time warp contour portion and the third time warp contour portion 722 together form an (approximately) continuous time warp contour section. In particular, the scaling can be performed such that a difference between the data value of the rescaled end point 718b' and the start point 722a is not larger than a maximum of the difference between any two adjacent data values of the time warp contour portions 716', 718',722. Accordingly, the approximately continuous time warp contour section comprising the rescaled time warp contour portions 716', 718' and the original time warp contour portion 722 is used for the calculation of the time warp control information, which is performed in the step 640. For example, time warp control information can be computed for an audio frame temporally associated with the second time warp contour portion 718. However, upon calculation of the time warp control information in the step 640, a time- warped signal reconstruction can be performed in a step 650, which will be explained in more detail below. Subsequently, it is required to obtain time warp control information for a next audio frame. For this purpose, the rescaled version 716' of the first time warp contour portion may be discarded to save memory, because it is not needed anymore. However, the rescaled version 716' may naturally also be saved for any purpose. Moreover, the rescaled version 718' of the second time warp contour portion takes the place of the "last time warp contour portion" for the new calculation, as can be seen in a graphical representation 740 of Fig. 7b. Further, the third time warp contour portion 722, which took the place of the "new time warp contour portion" in the previous calculation, takes the role of the "current time warp contour portion" for a next calculation. The association is shown in the graphical representation 740. Subsequent to this update of the memory (step 660 of the method 600), a new time warp contour portion 752 is calculated, as can be seen in the graphical representation 750. For this purpose, steps 610 and 620 of the method 600 may be re-executed with new input data. The fourth time warp contour portion 752 takes over the role of the "new time warp contour portion" for now. As can be seen, there is typically a discontinuity between an end point 722b of the third time warp contour portion and a start point 752a of the fourth time warp contour portion 752. This discontinuity 754 is reduced or eliminated by a subsequent rescaling (step 630 of the method 600) of the rescaled version 718' of the second time warp contour portion and of the original version of the third time warp contour portion 722. Accordingly, a twice-rescaled version 718" of the second time warp contour portion and a once rescaled version 722' of the third time warp contour portion are obtained, as can be seen from a graphical representation 760 of Fig. 7b. As can be seen, the time warp contour portions 718", 722', 752 form an at least approximately continuous time warp contour section, which can be used for the calculation of time warp control information in a re-execution of the step 640. For example, a time warp control information can be calculated on the basis of the time warp contour portions 718", 722', 752, which time warp control information is associated to an audio signal time frame centered on the second time warp contour portion. It should be noted that in some cases it is desirable to have an associated warp contour sum value for each of the time warp contour portions. For example, a first warp contour sum value may be associated with the first time warp contour portion, a second warp contour sum value may be associated with the second time warp contour portion, and so on. The warp contour sum values may, for example, be used for the calculation of the time warp control information in the step 640. For example, the warp contour sum value may represent a sum of the warp contour data values of a respective time warp contour portion. However, as the time warp contour portions are scaled, it is sometimes desirable to also scale the time warp contour sum value, such that the time warp contour sum value follows the characteristic of its associated time warp contour portion. Accordingly, a warp contour sum value associated with the second time warp contour portion 718 may be scaled (for example by the same scaling factor) when the second time warp contour portion 718 is scaled to obtain the scaled version 718' thereof. Similarly, the warp contour sum value associated with the first time warp contour portion 716 may be scaled (for example with the same scaling factor) when the first time warp contour portion 716 is scaled to obtain the scaled version 716' thereof, if desired. Further, a re-association (or memory re-allocation) may be performed when proceeding to the consideration of a new time warp contour portion. For example, the warp contour sum value associated with the scaled version 718' of the second time warp contour portion, which takes the role of a "current time warp contour sum value" for the calculation of the time warp control information associated with the time warp contour portions 716', 718', 722 may be considered as a "last time warp sum value" for the calculation of a time warp control information associated with the time warp contour portions 718", 722', 752. Similarly, the warp contour sum value associated with the third time warp contour portion 722 may be considered as a "new warp contour sum value" for the calculation of the time warp control information associated with time warp contour portions 716', 718', 722 and may be mapped to act as a "current warp contour sum value" for the calculation of the time warp control information associated with the time warp contour portions 718", 722', 752. Further, the newly calculated warp contour sum value of the fourth time warp contour portion 752 may take the role of the "new warp contour sum value" for the calculation of the time warp control information associated with the time warp contour portions 718", 722', 752. Example according to Fig. 8 Fig. 8 shows a graphical representation illustrating a problem which is solved by the embodiments according to the invention. A first graphical representation 810 shows a temporal evolution of a reconstructed relative pitch over time, which is obtained in some conventional embodiments. An abscissa 812 describes the time, an ordinate 814 describes the relative pitch. A curve 816 shows the temporal evolution of the relative pitch over time, which could be reconstructed from a relative pitch information. Regarding the reconstruction of the relative pitch contour, it should be noted that for the application of the time warped modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) only the knowledge of the relative variation of the pitch within the actual frame is necessary. In order to understand this, reference is made to the calculation steps for obtaining the time contour from the relative pitch contour, which lead to an identical time contour for scaled versions of the same relative pitch contour. Therefore, it is sufficient to only encode the relative instead of an absolute pitch value, which increases the coding efficiency. To further increase the efficiency, the actual quantized value is not the relative pitch but the relative change in pitch, i.e., the ratio of the current relative pitch over the previous relative pitch (as will be discussed in detail in the following). In some frames, where, for example, the signal exhibits no harmonic structure at all, no time warping might be desired. In such cases, an additional flag may optionally indicate a flat pitch contour instead of coding this flat contour with the afore mentioned method. Since in real world signals the amount of such frames is typically high enough, the trade-off between the additional bit added at all times and the bits saved for non-warped frames is in favor of the bit savings. The start value for the calculation of the pitch variation (relative pitch contour, or time warp contour) can be chosen arbitrary and even differ in the encoder and decoder. Due to the nature of the time warped MDCT (TW-MDCT) different start values of the pitch variation still yield the same sample positions and adapted window shapes to perform the TW-MDCT. For example, an (audio) encoder gets a pitch contour for every node which is expressed as actual pitch lag in samples in conjunction with an optional voiced/unvoiced specification, which was, for example, obtained by applying a pitch estimation and voiced/unvoiced decision known from speech coding. If for the current node the classification is set to voiced, or no voiced/unvoiced decision is available, the encoder calculates the ratio between the actual pitch lag and quantizes it, or just sets the ratio to 1 if unvoiced. Another example might be that the pitch variation is estimated directly by an appropriate method (for example signal variation estimation). In the decoder, the start value for the first relative pitch at the start of the coded audio is set to an arbitrary value, for example to 1. Therefore, the decoded relative pitch contour is no longer in the same absolute range of the encoder pitch contour, but a scaled version of it. Still, as described above, the TW-MDCT algorithm leads to the same sample positions and window shapes. Furthermore, the encoder might decide, if the encoded pitch ratios would yield a flat pitch contour, not to send the fully coded contour, but set the activePitchData flag to 0 instead, saving bits in this frame (for example saving numPitchbits * numPitches bits in this frame). In the following, the problems will be discussed which occur in the absence of the inventive pitch contour renormalization. As mentioned above, for the TW-MDCT, only the relative pitch change within a certain limited time span around the current block is needed for the computation of the time warping and the correct window shape adaptation (see the explanations above). The time warping follows the decoded contour for segments where a pitch change has been detected, and stays constant in all other cases (see the graphical representation 810 of Fig. 8). For the calculation of the window and sampling positions of one block, three consecutive relative pitch contour segments (for example three time warp contour portions) are needed, wherein the third one is the one newly transmitted in the frame (designated as "new time warp contour portion") and the other two are buffered from the past (for example designated as "last time warp contour portion" and "current time warp contour portion"). To get an example, reference is made, for example, to the explanations which were made with reference to Figs. 7a and 7b, and also to the graphical representations 810, 860 of Fig. 8. To calculate, for example, the sampling positions of the window for (or associated with) frame 1, which extends from frame 0 to frame 2, the pitch contours of (or associated with) frame 0, 1 and 2 are needed. In the bit stream, only the pitch information for frame 2 is sent in the current frame, and the two others are taken from the past. As explained herein, the pitch contour can be continued by applying the first decoded relative pitch ratio to the last pitch of frame 1 to obtain the pitch at the first node of frame 2, and so on. It is now possible, due to the nature of the signal, that if the pitch contour is simply continued (i.e., if the newly transmitted part of the contour is attached to the existing two parts without any modification), that a range overflow in the coder's internal number format occurs after a certain time. For example, a signal might start with a segment of strong harmonic characteristics and a high pitch value at the beginning which is decreasing throughout the segment, leading to a decreasing relative pitch. Then, a segment with no pitch information can follow, so that the relative pitch keeps constant. Then again, a harmonic section can start with an absolute pitch that is higher than the last absolute pitch of the previous segment, and again going downwards. However, if one simply continues the relative pitch, it is the same as at the end of the last harmonic segment and will go down further, and so on. If the signal is strong enough and has in its harmonic segments an overall tendency to go either up or down (like shown in the graphical representation 810 of Fig. 8), sooner or later the relative pitch reaches the border of a range of the internal number format. It is well known from speech coding that speech signals indeed exhibit such a characteristic. Therefore it comes as no surprise, that the encoding of a concatenated set of real world signals including speech actually exceeded the range of the float values used for the relative pitch after a relatively short amount of time when using the conventional method described above. To summarize, for an audio signal segment (or frame) for which a pitch can be determined, an appropriate evolution of the relative pitch contour (or time warp contour) could be determined. For audio signal segments (or audio signal frames) for which a pitch cannot be determined (for example because the audio signal segments are noise-like) the relative pitch contour (or time warp contour) could be kept constant. Accordingly, if there was an imbalance between audio segments with increasing pitch and decreasing pitch, the relative pitch contour (or time warp contour) would either run into a numeric underflow or a numeric overflow. For example, in the graphical representation 810a relative pitch contour is shown for the case that there is a plurality of relative pitch contour portions 820a, 820a, 820c, 820d with decreasing pitch and some audio segments 822a, 822b without pitch, but no audio segments with increasing pitch. Accordingly, it can be seen that the relative pitch contour 816 runs into a numeric underflow (at least under very adverse circumstances). In the following, a solution for this problem will be described. To prevent the above- mentioned problems, in particular the numeric underflow or overflow, a periodic relative pitch contour renormalization has been introduced according to an aspect of the invention. Since the calculation of the warped time contour and the window shapes only rely on the relative change over the aforementioned three relative pitch contour segments (also designated as "time warp contour portions"), as explained herein, it is possible to normalize this contour (for example, the time warp contour, which may be composed of three pieces of "time warp contour portions") for every frame (for example of the audio signal) anew with the same outcome. For this, the reference was, for example, chosen to be the last sample of the second contour segment (also designated as "time warp contour portion"), and the contour is now normalized (for example, multiplicatively in the linear domain) in such a way so that this sample has a value of a 1.0 (see the graphical representation 860 of Fig. 8). The graphical representation 860 of Fig. 8 represents the relative pitch contour normalization. An abscissa 862 shows the time, subdivided in frames (frames 0, 1, 2). An ordinate 864 describes the value of the relative pitch contour. A relative pitch contour before normalization is designated with 870 and covers two frames (for example frame number 0 and frame number 1). A new relative pitch contour segment (also designated as "time warp contour portion") starting from the predetermined relative pitch contour starting value (or time warp contour starting value) is designated with 874. As can be seen, the restart of the new relative pitch contour segment 874 from the predetermined relative pitch contour starting value (e.g. 1) brings along a discontinuity between the relative pitch contour segment 870 preceding the restart point-in-time and the new relative pitch contour segment 874, which is designated with 878. This discontinuity would bring along a severe problem for the derivation of any time warp control information from the contour and will possibly result in audio distortions. Therefore, a previously obtained relative pitch contour segment 870 preceding the restart point-in-time restart is rescaled (or normalized), to obtain a rescaled relative pitch contour segment 870'. The normalization is performed such that the last sample of the relative pitch contour segment 870 is scaled to the predetermined relative pitch contour start value (e.g. of 1.0). Detailed Description of the Algorithm In the following, some of the algorithms performed by an audio decoder according to an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail. For this purpose, reference will be made to Figs. 5, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c and 10a-lOg. Further, reference is made to the legend of data elements, help elements and constants of Figs. 11a and lib. Generally speaking, it can be said that the method described here can be used for decoding an audio stream which is encoded according to a time warped modified discrete cosine transform. Thus, when the TW-MDCT is enabled for the audio stream (which may be indicated by a flag, for example referred to as "twMdct" flag, which may be comprised in a specific configuration information), a time warped filter bank and block switching may replace a standard filter bank and block switching. Additionally to the inverse modified discrete cosine transform (IMDCT) the time warped filter bank and block switching contains a time domain to time domain mapping from an arbitrarily spaced time grid to the normal regularly spaced time grid and a corresponding adaptation of window shapes. In the following, the decoding process will be described. In a first step, the warp contour is decoded. The warp contour may be, for example, encoded using codebook indices of warp contour nodes. The codebook indices of the warp contour nodes are decoded, for example, using the algorithm shown in a graphical representation 910 of Fig. 9a. According to said algorithm, warp ratio values (warp_value_tbl) are derived from warp ratio codebook indices (twratio), for example using a mapping defined by a mapping table 990 of Fig. 9c. As can be seen from the algorithm shown as reference numeral 910, the warp node values may be set to a constant predetermined value, if a flag (tw_data_present) indicates that time warp data is not present. In contrast, if the flag indicates that time warp data is present, a first warp node value can be set to the predetermined time warp contour starting value (e.g. 1). Subsequent warp node values (of a time warp contour portion) can be determined on the basis of a formation of a product of multiple time warp ratio values. For example, a warp node value of a node immediately following the first warp node (i=0) may be equal to a first warp ratio value (if the starting value is 1) or equal to a product of the first warp ratio value and the starting value. Subsequent time warp node values (i=2,3,..., num_tw_nodes) are computed by forming a product of multiple time warp ratio values (optionally taking into consideration the starting value, if the starting value differs from 1). Naturally, the order of the product formation is arbitrary. However, it is advantageous to derive a (i+l)-th warp mode value from an i-th warp node value by multiplying the i-th warp node value with a single warp ratio value describing a ratio between two subsequent node values of the time warp contour. As can be seen from the algorithm shown at reference numeral 910, there may be multiple warp ratio codebook indices for a single time warp contour portion over a single audio frame (wherein there may be a 1 -to-1 correspondence between time warp contour portions and audio frames). To summarize, a plurality of time warp node values can be obtained for a given time warp contour portion (or a given audio frame) in the step 610, for example using the warp node value calculator 544. Subsequently, a linear interpolation can be performed between the time warp node values (warp_node_values[i]). For example, to obtain the time warp contour data values of the "new time warp contour portion" (newwarpcontour) the algorithm shown at reference numeral 920 in Fig. 9a can be used. For example, the number of samples of the new time warp contour portion is equal to half the number of the time domain samples of an inverse modified discrete cosine transform. Regarding this issue, it should be noted that adjacent audio signal frames are typically shifted (at least approximately) by half the number of the time domain samples of the MDCT or IMDCT. In other words, to obtain the sample-wise (Nlong samples) new warp_contour[], the warp_node_values[] are interpolated linearly between the equally spaced (interpdist apart) nodes using the algorithm shown at reference numeral 920. The interpolation may, for example, be performed by the interpolator 548 of the apparatus of Fig. 5, or in the step 620 of the algorithm 600. Before obtaining the full warp contour for this frame (i.e. for the frame presently under consideration) the buffered values from the past are rescaled so that the last warp value of the past_warp_contour[] equals 1 (or any other predetermined value, which is preferably equal to the starting value of the new time warp contour portion). It should be noted here that the term "past warp contour" preferably comprises the above-described "last time warp contour portion" and the above-described "current time warp contour portion". It should also be noted that the "past warp contour" typically comprises a length which is equal to a number of time domain samples of the IMDCT, such that values of the "past warp contour" are designated with indices between 0 and 2*n_long-l. Thus, "past_warp_contour[2*n_long-l]" designates a last warp value of the "past warp contour". Accordingly, a normalization factor "norm_fac" can be calculated according to an equation shown at reference numeral 930 in Fig. 9a. Thus, the past warp contour (comprising the "last time warp contour portion" and the "current time warp contour portion") can be multiplicatively rescaled according to the equation shown at reference numeral 932 in Fig. 9a. In addition, the "last warp contour sum value" (lastwarpsum) and the "current warp contour sum value" (cur_warp_sum) can be multiplicatively rescaled, as shown in reference numerals 934 and 936 in Fig. 9a. The rescaling can be performed by the rescaler 550 of Fig. 5, or in step 630 of the method 600 of Fig. 6. It should be noted that the normalization described here, for example at reference numeral 930, then could be modified, for example, by replacing the starting value of "1" by any other desired predetermined value. By applying the normalization, a "full warp_contour[]" also designated as a "time warp contour section" is obtained by concatenating the "pastwarpcontour" and the "newwarpcontour". Thus, three time warp contour portions ("last time warp contour portion", "current time warp contour portion", and "new time warp contour portion") form the "full warp contour", which may be applied in further steps of the calculation. In addition, a warp contour sum value (new_warp_sum) is calculated, for example, as a sum over all "newwarpcontourf]" values. For example, a new warp contour sum value can be calculated according to the algorithms shown at reference numeral 940 in Fig. 9a. Following the above-described calculations, the input information required by the time warp control information calculator 330 or by the step 640 of the method 600 is available. Accordingly, the calculation 640 of the time warp control information can be performed, for example by the time warp control information calculator 530. Also, the time warped signal reconstruction 650 can be performed by the audio decoder. Both, the calculation 640 and the time-warped signal reconstruction 650 will be explained in more detail below. However, it is important to note that the present algorithm proceeds iteratively. It is therefore computationally efficient to update a memory. For example, it is possible to discard information about the last time warp contour portion. Further, it is recommendable to use the present "current time warp contour portion" as a "last time warp contour portion" in a next calculation cycle. Further, it is recommendable to use the present "new time warp contour portion" as a "current time warp contour portion" in a next calculation cycle. This assignment can be made using the equation shown at reference numeral 950 in Fig. 9b, (wherein warp_contour[n] describes the present "new time warp contour portion" for 2* n_long

Documents

Application Documents

# Name Date
1 3542-KOLNP-2010-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [08-09-2023(online)].pdf 2023-09-08
1 abstract-3542-kolnp-2010.jpg 2011-10-07
2 3542-KOLNP-2010-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [07-09-2022(online)].pdf 2022-09-07
2 3542-kolnp-2010-specification.pdf 2011-10-07
3 3542-kolnp-2010-pct request form.pdf 2011-10-07
3 3542-KOLNP-2010-IntimationOfGrant23-06-2020.pdf 2020-06-23
4 3542-kolnp-2010-pct priority document notification.pdf 2011-10-07
4 3542-KOLNP-2010-PatentCertificate23-06-2020.pdf 2020-06-23
5 3542-KOLNP-2010-Written submissions and relevant documents [22-06-2020(online)].pdf 2020-06-22
5 3542-KOLNP-2010-PA.pdf 2011-10-07
6 3542-KOLNP-2010-Written submissions and relevant documents [19-06-2020(online)].pdf 2020-06-19
6 3542-kolnp-2010-international search report.pdf 2011-10-07
7 3542-kolnp-2010-international publication.pdf 2011-10-07
7 3542-kolnp-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [18-12-2019(online)].pdf 2019-12-18
8 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [04-04-2019(online)].pdf 2019-04-04
8 3542-kolnp-2010-form-5.pdf 2011-10-07
9 3542-kolnp-2010-form-3.pdf 2011-10-07
9 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [31-12-2018(online)].pdf 2018-12-31
10 3542-kolnp-2010-form-2.pdf 2011-10-07
10 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [14-04-2018(online)].pdf 2018-04-14
11 3542-kolnp-2010-form-1.pdf 2011-10-07
11 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [11-01-2018(online)].pdf 2018-01-11
12 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 3-1.2.pdf 2011-10-07
12 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [05-10-2017(online)].pdf 2017-10-05
13 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 3-1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
13 Other Patent Document [11-04-2017(online)].pdf 2017-04-11
14 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 18.pdf 2011-10-07
14 Other Patent Document [15-10-2016(online)].pdf 2016-10-15
15 3542-kolnp-2010-drawings.pdf 2011-10-07
15 Other Patent Document [15-10-2016(online)].pdf_175.pdf 2016-10-15
16 3542-kolnp-2010-description (complete).pdf 2011-10-07
16 3542-KOLNP-2010_EXAMREPORT.pdf 2016-06-30
17 3542-kolnp-2010-correspondence.pdf 2011-10-07
17 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-ANNEXURE TO FORM 3.pdf 2016-04-11
18 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2016-04-11
18 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.3.pdf 2011-10-07
19 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-FORM-1.pdf 2016-04-11
19 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.pdf 2011-10-07
20 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-OTHERS.pdf 2016-04-11
20 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
21 3542-kolnp-2010-abstract.pdf 2011-10-07
21 3542-kolnp-2010-claims.pdf 2011-10-07
22 3542-KOLNP-2010-ASSIGNMENT.pdf 2011-10-07
23 3542-kolnp-2010-abstract.pdf 2011-10-07
23 3542-kolnp-2010-claims.pdf 2011-10-07
24 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
24 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-OTHERS.pdf 2016-04-11
25 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.pdf 2011-10-07
25 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-FORM-1.pdf 2016-04-11
26 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf 2016-04-11
26 3542-KOLNP-2010-CORRESPONDENCE 1.3.pdf 2011-10-07
27 3542-KOLNP-2010-(11-04-2016)-ANNEXURE TO FORM 3.pdf 2016-04-11
27 3542-kolnp-2010-correspondence.pdf 2011-10-07
28 3542-kolnp-2010-description (complete).pdf 2011-10-07
28 3542-KOLNP-2010_EXAMREPORT.pdf 2016-06-30
29 3542-kolnp-2010-drawings.pdf 2011-10-07
29 Other Patent Document [15-10-2016(online)].pdf_175.pdf 2016-10-15
30 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 18.pdf 2011-10-07
30 Other Patent Document [15-10-2016(online)].pdf 2016-10-15
31 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 3-1.1.pdf 2011-10-07
31 Other Patent Document [11-04-2017(online)].pdf 2017-04-11
32 3542-KOLNP-2010-FORM 3-1.2.pdf 2011-10-07
32 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [05-10-2017(online)].pdf 2017-10-05
33 3542-kolnp-2010-form-1.pdf 2011-10-07
33 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [11-01-2018(online)].pdf 2018-01-11
34 3542-kolnp-2010-form-2.pdf 2011-10-07
34 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [14-04-2018(online)].pdf 2018-04-14
35 3542-kolnp-2010-form-3.pdf 2011-10-07
35 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [31-12-2018(online)].pdf 2018-12-31
36 3542-KOLNP-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [04-04-2019(online)].pdf 2019-04-04
36 3542-kolnp-2010-form-5.pdf 2011-10-07
37 3542-kolnp-2010-international publication.pdf 2011-10-07
37 3542-kolnp-2010-Information under section 8(2) (MANDATORY) [18-12-2019(online)].pdf 2019-12-18
38 3542-KOLNP-2010-Written submissions and relevant documents [19-06-2020(online)].pdf 2020-06-19
38 3542-kolnp-2010-international search report.pdf 2011-10-07
39 3542-KOLNP-2010-Written submissions and relevant documents [22-06-2020(online)].pdf 2020-06-22
39 3542-KOLNP-2010-PA.pdf 2011-10-07
40 3542-kolnp-2010-pct priority document notification.pdf 2011-10-07
40 3542-KOLNP-2010-PatentCertificate23-06-2020.pdf 2020-06-23
41 3542-kolnp-2010-pct request form.pdf 2011-10-07
41 3542-KOLNP-2010-IntimationOfGrant23-06-2020.pdf 2020-06-23
42 3542-KOLNP-2010-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [07-09-2022(online)].pdf 2022-09-07
42 3542-kolnp-2010-specification.pdf 2011-10-07
43 3542-KOLNP-2010-RELEVANT DOCUMENTS [08-09-2023(online)].pdf 2023-09-08
43 abstract-3542-kolnp-2010.jpg 2011-10-07

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