DESC:AUTO CLEAN PLASTIC WATER TANK
Why water purification?
Today the major problem faced by humans is the lack of availability of fresh uncontaminated water. The health of common man is getting disturbed due to the use of contaminated water. A wide range of water borne diseases have arisen which are capable even to endanger the life of people. Drinking water available in India may be commonly contaminated by microorganisms like E-coli, Coli forms etc., may contain ions of Iron, Manganese, Silica etc. and suspended solids. Pathogenic organisms spread the waterborne diseases.
INFECTIOUS AGENTS POTENTIALLY PRESENT IN UNTREATED DOMESTIC WATER ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Serial No: ORGANISMS DISEASES CAUSED
01 Bacteria: Escherichia coli, Leptospira,Salmonella typhi , Salmonella, Shigella,Vibrio Cholerae Gastroenteritis, Leptospirosis Typhoid fever, Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, Cholera
02 Protozoa : Balantidium coli,cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia Balantidiasis,Cryptosporidiosis, Amebiasis ,Giardiasis
03 Helminths: Ascarislumbricoides,
T.solium, Trichuristrichiura Ascariasis ,Taeniasis ,Trichuriasis
04 Viruses : Enteroviruses , Hepatitis A virus ,Norwalk agent, Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ,Heart anomalies, meningitis , Infectious hepatitis
Reference – Environmental Protection agency – United States – EPA 832 - F-99-064 September 1999

Water containing excessive amounts of iron and manganese can stain cloths, discolor plumbing fixtures and add a rusty taste and look to the water. Iron and manganese deposits will build up in pipelines, water heaters, pressure tanks etc. This will reduce the available quantity and pressure of the water supply. Another problem results from the iron and manganese in water is iron bacteria and manganese bacteria, which is nonpathogenic but form red – brown (iron) or black – brown (manganese)slime and can clog water systems.
Purification of the raw water thus becomes unavoidable. To increase the quality and to preserve the natural freshness of water, proper treatment becomes a necessary procedure.
Why Potable water treatment cum storage system
The potable water treatment cum storage tank is newly invented equipment which makes the treatment of water an easy job. Today many water purifiers are available but all of them should be fixed somewhere near a discharge area which facilitates the treated water only at that particular point. The newly invented equipment gives the treated water throughout the building at all discharge points. Apart from that, the plastic water storage tank used now a day, will surely create such situation that silica, ferric & manganic salts, and other suspended solids gets deposited as mud in the bottom of the water tank which acts as a good breeding media for micro organisms and it necessitates the frequent manual cleaning of the water tank. This manual cleaning is very difficult, time consuming and also efficient cleaning cannot be done. The new invention ensures efficient cleaning of the plastic water storage tank in much less time and makes the cleaning process very simple and easy.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Field of Invention:
The present Invention intent to assure safe potable water for the common man with minimum maintenance, recurring cost and additional expense, inspired by swachh bharath programme.
Description of Prior Scenario:
Presently the methods adopted for purification of water is intended particularly for only one discharge point. Also, in order to make purification possible in various aspects such as removal of Pathogenic micro organisms, Iron, Manganese, Silica, Suspended solids, mud, grit, colour, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, off gases etc separate purifying units for each process should be placed in the discharge. This makes the purification process more complex, expensive and also the set up captures a large area. Water storage tanks hold equal importance in preserving the quality of water. The present day water tanks are designed in such a way that the suspended solids after settling process get deposited towards the bottom of the tank and as the water outlet is placed towards the bottom of the tank, these settled solid may travel through the pipeline which eventually may result in problems like choking, surface scaling etc. The new invention is made to avoid all these problems. The new invention is designed in a very compact and simple manner, facilitated to carry out purification in all aspects and also the settled solids can be removed safely without entering the waterlines. The invention has focused to meet the needs of purification and successfully avoided all the risks and problems raised in present day purification methods. The new invention is made possible to attain safe, clean and purified water at all discharge points, made the purification in all aspects possible, reduced the difficulties to operate, reduced the overall expenses, reduced the total area required and also easy installation is made possible.
Summary of Invention:
The Figure 1 represents the outer top view of the newly invented plastic water tank.
Figure 1: Outer Top View of newly invented tank
In figure1, point (A) represents the raw water inlet point. The water on entering the inlet, travel through the pipe to reach (B) where it gets separated into two channels – one goes straight another enters the chlorine diffuser (D) as in figure1. The flow through both the water channels are controlled and made more or less by using the two valves as shown in figure1. The water after chlorination reunites with the main stream at the point (C). The channelization of water is done before chlorination so as to control the dissolution of chlorine in water and to regulate the chlorine content within permissible limits. The chlorinated water then enters Ultra violet light disinfection system (E) as in figure1. The water after ultraviolet disinfection enters the tank through (F) as in figure1. The water undergoes settling process inside the tank before it reaches point (G) tank exit. After leaving the tank water again enters a Jumbo micron filter/ Activated carbon filter. The purified water is obtained at the point (I) as shown in figure1.
Internal Structure of the newly invented tank:

Figure 2: The internal structure of the newly invented tank
The figure 2 represents the internal structure of the newly invented water tank. Water after chlorination and UV disinfection chamber enters the tank through ‘A’ as shown in figure2. This water then reaches the point ‘E’ where it is horizontally channelized at 450 into four outlets by the distributer. This distribution is done so as to create a cyclone in the entering water and to avoid the direct fall of inlet water on settled solids. The cyclone helps in fast settling. The point ‘E’ is quite below the water outlet ‘B’ and it is fully immersed in water as in figure 2 which ensures that outlet water is never disturbed by the inlet water flow. ‘C’ shows the hopper bottom which encourages the suspended solids to settle towards the bottom to reach the point ‘D’ as in the figure2. The point ‘D’ is inclined towards the drain which ensures that the suspended solid after settling could be completely drained out from the tank. To know in detail about the distributer ‘E’ consider the figure 3 given below.

Figure 3: Top view of the distributor
In figure3, ‘E’ represents the distributor, ‘B’ the outlet and ‘H’ the drain. As shown in figure 3 the inlet water is distributed into four channels horizontally at 45 degree angle. This creates a horizontal movement in the water bodies which in turn creates cyclone .Due to centrifugal force, the cyclone pushes the suspended heavy particles to the walls of the newly invented tank. As the bottom of the tank is made hopper bottom, the solids eventually reaches the drain area and settles at that position. On opening the drain valve, these suspended solids can be removed easily. The tank, as it is having a hopper bottom is fixed on a stand so as to make its placement on a flat surface possible. The figure below shows the structure of stand.

Figure 4: Different views of the tank with stand.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NEWLY INVENTED POTABLE WATER TREATMENT CUM STORAGE SYSTEM
The newly invented potable water treatment cum storage system provides complete solution to the problems faced in purification of potable water by removing pathogenic micro organisms, iron, manganese, silica, suspended solids, mud, grit, colour, turbidity & biochemical oxygen demand. The detailed description of the newly invented potable water treatment cum storage system is as given below
1. HOPPER BOTTOM TANK ALSO REFERRED AS SEDIMENTATION TANK IN THE PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF WATER

Figure 5: Diagram of hopper bottom tank
Following is the process by which the particulates sediment at the bottom of the liquid and settling is taking place at the hopper bottom of the tank.
The inlet water is distributed horizontally at just above the hopper bottom into four streams and it is flowing out through four 45 degree vents which make the water flow in circular motion and this water flow will make a cyclone effect.
Particles in the water experience a force, due to the gravity and due to the centrifugal motion produced by the cyclone effect of the distributor, tend to move in a uniform manner in direction exerted by that force that is to the bottom of the hopper bottom tank of the potable water treatment cum storage system.
The particles will tend to fall to the hopper bottom of the vessel, forming slurry at the vessel base, which is conical in shape.
For dilute particle solutions such as well water, two main forces enact up on particle. Primary force is gravity and a drag force that is due to the motion of the particle through the fluid produced by the cyclone effect of the distributor. The gravitational force is not affected by the particle velocity.
Settling is a unique operation in which solids are drawn towards a source of attraction .The particular type of settling that is produced here is gravitational settling enhanced by centrifugal force at a conical shaped bottom.
As soon as the solids reach the bottom of the hopper bottom tank, they begin to sediment and settle.
2. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The inlet water is distributed horizontally at just above the hopper bottom into four streams and it is flowing out through four 45 degree vents which make the water flow in circular motion and this water flow will make a cyclone effect.

Figure 6 : Diagram of water distribution.

This Uniquely designed Water Distribution System is installed in the POTABLE WATER TREATMENT CUM STORAGE SYSTEM to produce Cyclone Effect in the circular water tank for efficient settling of suspended solids at the hopper bottom. [Refer figure 6]
Particles in water experience a force, due to the gravity and due to the centrifugal motion produced cyclone effect of the distributor, tend to move in a uniform manner in direction exerted by those forces that is to the bottom of the conical vessel.
3. DRAIN VALVE
Settled suspended solids are removed from the system using the drain valve. The end of the hopper bottom has a diameter of 30cm and this portion of the system is inclined at an angle of 10 degree towards the drain valve for complete cleaning. Figure 7 shows the drain valve.
A - Inlet
B - Outlet
C - Settling Zone
D - Sedimentation Zone E - Distributor
F - Drain
G - Stand
H - Outlet inclined top

Figure 7: Diagram showing the flow towards the drain valve
4. OUTLET LINE
Outlet line is positioned just above the sediment zone and water distribution system and it is facing vertically upward, in order to minimise the turbulence at the settling zone. Even though the outlet line is 40NB, the starting portion of the outlet line is much larger as this will reduce the drift and thereby the turbulence in the settling zone as shown in figure 7.

5. DISINFECTION AND REMOVAL OF IRON AND MANGANESE BY CHLORINATION

Figure 8: Diagram of chlorine diffuser
As a halogen, chlorine is a highly efficient disinfectant, and is added to public and private water supplies to kill disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks. The microscopic agents of many diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery may even kill people.
Apart from disinfection, Iron and Manganese can be oxidised from soluble ferrous and manganous form to insoluble ferric and manganic state by Chlorine which is a strong oxidising agent. This insoluble product can be removed after settling through drain valve.
Even though chlorination is essential and very useful for purification of water bodies, an equal importance should be given for its dosage as over dose may result in serious health hazards.
Chlorination process is done in different methods. Shock dosing, dosing with the use of an electric pump and gravity flow dosing are some of such methods. But all these methods except dosing by the electric pump cannot control the dosage to desired extent. Also they are time consuming, require constant attention and needs electric power & maintenance. In the gravity flow process, with different potential difference the dosing will vary.
The present system has been devised to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages.
Primary objective of the present system is to provide an adequate, controlled and time saving method for chlorination. It makes chlorination easy, cheap and accurate.
The secondary objective of this system is to provide a simple device which consumes less space, no electric power and which could be easily operated and maintained.
The Chlorine Diffuser has an oval shaped base and a cylindrical top portion with a threaded opening. Sodium Di Chloro isocynurate cartridges are used for the chlorination process. The inlet and outlet of the raw water is located at the farther sides of the base. The Sodium Di Chloro isocynurate cartridges are cylindrically shaped containing Sodium Di Chloro isocynurate tablets. The cartridges are provided with several holes of 5mm radius at the bottom and are sealed at both the ends. The size of the cartridge is made as such that it just slides down through the cylindrical top of the device.
It is connected parallel to the pipeline and is provided with a valve at the opening end which regulates the inflow through the device. The cartridge is inserted to the cylindrical top of the device and is capped at the top with a threaded end cap. When water enters the device, it directly hits the cartridge and enters the cartridge through the holes at the bottom. The water comes in direct contact with Sodium Di Chloro isocynurate, dissolves a part of it and leaves the cartridge and the device.
The water thus leaving will be rich in chlorine and this water when comes in contact with the inlet raw water, adequate amount of required chlorine is obtained. The valve regulates the flow through the presently invented device and if more chlorine is required the valve can be adjusted so. The Sodium Di Chloro isocynurate tablets inside the cartridge dissolves gradually depending on usage. Once the cartridge becomes empty it must be replaced with another cartridge.
The treated water thus obtained may be examined using an ortho toludine reagent. The standard norms of residual free chlorine for drinking water as per IS:10500 is 0.2mg/L .
The base of the device is specially designed as such that whole of the water entering the device will surely come in contact with the cartridge before leaving. And also, special care is taken to avoid the contact of water with the cartridge at stationary condition.
Iron and Manganese can be oxidised from soluble ferrous and manganous form to insoluble ferric and manganic state by Chlorine which is a strong oxidising agent. The precipitated insoluble oxidised ferric and manganic forms begin to sediment and are settled at the hopper bottom of the tank and are removed through the drain valve. Traces if any, which are unsettled is trapped in the Jumbo micro filter cartridge.
Chlorine is a strong disinfectant, which eliminate pathogenic micro organisms in the potable water treatment cum storage system.
As per IS: 10500 , the maximum permissible limit of Iron is 0.3 mg/L and Manganese is 0.1 mg/L in drinking water. A retention time of 30 minutes is sufficient for Chlorination which is available at our potable water treatment cum storage system.
6. U V DISINFECTION
Disinfection is considered to be the primary mechanism for the inactivation /destruction of pathogenic organisms to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases. An Ultraviolet disinfection system transfers electromagnetic energy to an organism’s genetic material (DNA and RNA).When UV radiation penetrates the cell wall of an organism, it destroys the cell’s ability to reproduce. The optimum wave length to effectively make microorganisms inactive is in the range of two fifty to two seventy nm.

Figure 9: Diagram of UV disinfection
Two 18 watts UV lamps supported by 36 watts electronic ballast is installed in this system. Two High quality quarts tubes of outer diameter thirty two mm are provided in a F R P outer casing of outer diameter 127 mm and length 650 mm to hold these UV tubes.
ADVANTAGES OF U V DISINFECTION
1). U V does not alter taste, odour, colour or pH of the water
2). U V does not require the addition of chemicals
3). U V does not impart toxic by-products into the water
4). U V systems are compact and easy to install
5). U V system requires very little maintenance
6). Running cost is cheap.

7. JUMBO MICRO FILTER cum ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER SYSTEM
The POTABLE WATER TREATMENT CUM STORAGE SYSTEM has an inbuilt jumbo micro filter / Activated Carbon filter with 5 micron cartridge and activated Carbon of Iodine Value more than 1000.

Figure 10: Diagram of JUMBO MICRO FILTER cum ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER SYSTEM.
If any traces of suspended solid are escaped from the settling zone, it is trapped at the 5 micron cartridge of the inbuilt jumbo micro filter. Large cartridge with enough surface area is used to avoid blocking and frequent cleaning and replacing of the cartridge. Colour and odour is removed by the Activated Carbon of Iodine Value more than 1000 filled in the Jumbo filter.
8. STAND
The potable water treatment cum storage system is placed above a uniquely designed sturdy stand that distributes the weight of the system uniformly. This enables the hopper bottom tank to be placed on any flat surface and is made user friendly.

Figure 11: Diagram of the stand.
9.WATER LEVEL SWITCH
The potable water treatment cum storage system has an inbuilt auto water level switch which simplifies the installation of the system and automates the water level as it goes down. ,CLAIMS:Statement of claims
We claim:
1. An improved Plastic water tank (fig 7) for purification and storage of potable and other kind of water, the said Plastic water tank comprises of:
an inlet (fig 7 (a)) for letting water to be filled in the tank;
a water distributor (fig 7 (e) );
an outlet (fig 7 (b)) for letting out purified water;
a hopper bottom;
a draining outlet (fig 7 (f));
an improvised stand(fig 11);
wherein the inlet is fixed on the top of water tank which is extended to the inside of the water tank to fix the water distributor at its end below the outlet and above the hopper bottom and a draining pipe is fixed at the bottom of the tank and the tank is placed above a Plastic stand.
2. An improved Plastic water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water distributor has four horizontal channels with bended outlets (fig 6) at 45 degrees each horizontally to create a cyclone effect in the water tank.
3. An improved Plastic water tank as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the hopper bottom is at an angle of 45 degree to 60 degree from the horizontal cross section for sedimentation and settling as in fig.5.
4. An improved Plastic water tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the draining outlet is fixed at the hopper bottom at an inclination of 10 degrees to provide best draining process and tank cleaning as in fig.7 (g).
5. An improved water tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims, where a chlorine diffuser (fig 1 (d)) is placed on the inlet channel to chlorinate the water for disinfection and removal of Iron and Manganese.
6. An improved water tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims, where a UV rays chamber (fig 1 (e)) is placed on the inlet channel to disinfect water from pathogenic germs.
7. An improved water tank as claimed in any of the preceding claims, where a jumbo micro filter cum activated carbon system (fig 1 (h)) is placed on the water outlet to provide completely purified water.