Description:E-waste, or electronic garbage, is an issue that is becoming more and more widespread as people replace their out dated electronics with newer, more sophisticated models. The environment, public health, and safety are all seriously threatened by the build-up of e-waste. Hazardous materials found in e-waste include harmful chemicals like brominated flame retardants and heavy metals including lead, mercury, and cadmium. If not disposed of appropriately, these compounds have the potential to seriously affect human health as well as the environment. For example, if e-waste is disposed of in landfills, these materials may seep into the groundwater and soil, endangering aquatic and plant life. Similarly, similar materials may be discharged into the air during the incineration of e-waste, causing air pollution and exacerbating climate change. It is crucial to recycle and dispose of e-waste properly; this cannot be stressed. Recycling electronic waste helps to preserve natural resources by lowering the need for new raw materials. Recycling e-waste can also aid in the recovery of precious resources that can be used again to create new gadgets, like copper and gold. E-waste should be disposed of properly to avoid dangerous materials contaminating the environment and endangering public health.

OBJECTIVES OF INVENTION
? Create a system that automates the process of sorting different types of E-waste, such as smartphones, laptops, and electronic gadgets.
? Utilize inductive and capacitive proximity sensors, alongside an ultrasonic sensor, to accurately identify and classify E-waste materials.
? Employ an Arduino Nano microcontroller to process sensor data and control the sorting mechanism based on the identified types of E-waste.
? Improve the speed and accuracy of E-waste sorting to support more efficient recycling and reduce the volume of waste incorrectly processed.
? Design the system to be economical, with affordable and easily replaceable components, ensuring long-term sustainability.
? Make the system adaptable to different scales of operation, allowing for the addition of more sensors and bins according to the requirements of various facilities.
? Aid in the reduction of environmental hazards by improving the disposal and recycling of E-waste through an effective sorting system.
? Tailor the system for potential use in recycling plants, electronic manufacturing industries, and waste management facilities, to broadly address the issue of E-waste.
SUMMARY OF INVENTIONS
There are several methods for sorting e-waste, which involve separating electronic devices into different categories based on their type, material, or condition. Commonly used Material Sorting System are:
Magnetic separation is a method of material sorting that involves using a magnetic field to separate magnetic materials, such as iron and steel, from nonmagnetic materials, such as plastic and glass. The magnetic separation process involves passing the e-waste through a
conveyor belt or vibrating feeder that has a magnetic roller or drum. The magnetic roller or drum creates a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic materials, separating them from the non-magnetic materials.
Eddy current separation is a method of material sorting that involves using a magnetic field to create eddy currents in non-ferromagnetic metals, such as aluminium and copper, which can then be separated from other materials based on their conductivity and magnetic properties.

Optical sorting is a method of material sorting that involves using sensors and cameras to identify and sort electronic devices based on their shape, size, colour, and material composition. In e-waste recycling, optical sorting can be used to separate electronic devices based on their type, condition, and material composition. The optical sorting process involves passing the e-waste through a conveyor belt or vibrating feeder that has a series of sensors and cameras. The sensors and cameras identify the electronic devices based on their optical properties, such as colour and shape, and send the information to a computer that analyses the data and sorts the devices into different categories.
Electrostatic separation is a method of material sorting that involves using an electric field to separate materials based on their charge and electrical conductivity. In e-waste recycling, electrostatic separation can be used to separate materials such as metals, plastics, and rubber, based on their electrical properties.
The electrostatic separation process involves passing the e-waste through a conveyor belt or vibrating feeder that has a series of electrodes. The electrodes apply a high voltage to the e-waste, creating an electrostatic charge on the surface of the materials. The charged particles are then attracted or repelled by different electrodes, causing them to separate and be collected in different containers.
, Claims:1. The sorting speed and efficiency of the e-waste material sorting system using sensors is more compare with conventional methods.
2. With proper calibration and optimization, it can be a valuable tool for recycling and proper disposal of electronic waste.
3. Four types of e waste materials are collected separately for recycle at a same time.
4. The mechanism utilizes the sensors to reduce the cost to collect wasted electronic materials.