CLIAMS:I claim:-
1. Device and methodology for construction and working of automatic seed sowing mechanism comprising of capacitor, Rectifier, Transistor, microcontroller, Over current Relay, Step down transformer, plows, which is installed in the agriculture fields and which provides the concept of automation in the agriculture area, which reduces the labour requirement as well as the cost & time.

2. In the invention as claimed in claim 1 the microcontroller is used in the circuit for time setting purpose and for the control operation in which the motor operation time and correlation of two motor time is maintain.

3. In the invention as claimed in claim 2 Step Down Transformer is used to step down the supply as the whole circuit operate on dc supply in this step down transformer 220V supply is step down by 8V.

4. In one of the preferred embodiment of the invention as claimed in claim 1 in first compartment:
a) the step down transformer steps down 230V into 8V ac supply;
b) this further supplies the rectifier which converts that ac supply into dc and then stored in battery;
c) in which battery energy supplied to the microcontroller and whole electronic;
d) when current demand exceeds the certain limit then it sends the signal to overcurrent relay and overcurrent relay operates and which is used to cut the supply when overload occurs;

5. in the invention as claimed in claim 4 in the second compartment, there is provide an arrangement for plowing the soil through plows such a that first plows which are used to separate the soil & then the seeds are dropped on the soil and then next plows attached in alternate fashion which are used to covers the portion where the first plows separate it.
,TagSPECI:FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
AND
The patent rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10: rule 13)

1. TITLE OF INVENTION
Automatic Seed Sowing Robot Mechanism

2 APPLICANTS

Sr. No Name Nationality Address
1 Deepak Shahakar Indian 5, Sangani Nagar, Amravati
2 Rahim J Sheikh Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati
3 Taufique H Baig Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati
4 Ujwalkumar K Adhau Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati
5 Rupali Bodkhe Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati
6 Prachi A Jogi Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati
7 Pooja Amle Indian P.R.Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE
Following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION.

Technical field of invention:
The present invention in general relates to mechanical engineering and more specifically following invention attempts to introduce a new concept and design for development of a device for development of seed sowing mechanism using robotics.

Prior art:
Most technological equipments are in place for making better seeds, fertilizers and other chemical components. The current available technologies are not suitable for all activities. Moreover, even the basic models are too expensive for the middle-class farmers. Thus the only traces of technology seen in agriculture are tractors that are fit with rotavators for ploughing. Activities like seed sowing, fertilizer spraying and weed removing continue to be carried on manually.

Agricultural companies provides the way of sowing through tractors, animals etc. It may be understood that available sources in the sowing is based on manually while the automatic working of sowing in today’s world is most important. Today’s demand of automatic farming is increases rapidly as well as quality of sowing is decline due to manual operation resulting loss of crop in season’s yield which is most harmful to the farmers as well as agri-companies. Also the use of manual operation labour requirement increases which is becoming uneconomical.

There are several common method of sowing-

1. Manual Broadcasting-
Sowing of seeds manually by hand is known as broadcasting. In broadcasting or manual sowing, the seeds are scattered in the prepared field by hand. In manual seeding, it is not possible to achieve uniformity in distribution of seeds. A farmer may sow at desired seed rate but inter-row distribution of seeds is likely to be uneven resulting in bunching and gaps in field. Poor control over depth of seed placement. It is necessary to sow at high seed rates and bring the plant population at desired level by reduction. Labour requirement is high because two persons are required for dropping seed and fertilizer. The effect of inaccuracies in seed placement on plant stand is greater in case of crops sown under dry farming conditions. During manual sowing, placement of seeds at uneven depth may result in poor productivity because subsequent rains bring additional soil cover over the seed and affect plant growth.

2. Zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill-
Zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill is becoming attractive to the conventional tillage and sowing of wheat after rice. In Indo-Gangetic plains of Punjab, Haryana, Utter Pradesh and Bihar and irrigated zones of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan farmers are shifting to direct drilling of wheat after harvest of rice to maintain the timeliness in delayed wheat sowing condition. Trials on tractor mounted, zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill were conducted for sowing wheat, covering 20.5 hectares at 14 farmers’ fields in Allahabad (Bastar, Kabara, Birpur and Panasa) and Pratapgarh districts. The machine gave an effective field capacity of 0.33 ha/hr at the forward speed of 3.2 km/hr. During trials, average soil moisture content (wb) was 23.9% and numbers of weeds were 10/sqm. The average depth of sowing and field efficiency was 580 mm and 63.4% MPKV multicrop planter. The tractor-mounted, multicrop planter has been designed and developed by incorporating salient features of animal-drawn Jyoti multicrop planter. This is suitable for groundnut, sunflower, chickpea, soybean, jowar and wheat. A plate in vertical plane with cells on its periphery is used for metering seeds for each row. A fluted roller is used for metering granular fertilizers. Depending upon the crop, number of rows can be adjusted from 5 to 9 Furrow openers are spear-head type. Drive for metering mechanism is through a ground wheel. The machine is mounted on a 3-point linkage system of the tractor of 35- hp or above. Its field capacity has been found 0.42 ha/hr with field efficiency of 59%, and the germination percentage of the crop was 89%.

Semi Automatic Potato Planter-
It consists of a belt cup-type of metering mechanism with 37 cups, spaced at 60 mm. The holes are provided on the frame for changing ridgers. Its hopper capacity is 140 kg. Machine’s overall dimensions are 1.98 m × 1.83 m × 1.18 and its weight is 250 kg. With this, seed spacing can be changed by changing sprockets provided with the ground-wheel. Machine can be operated with 30-hp tractor. The AERI Hisar centre had conducted trials on the planter covering 6.2 hectares in Bhatala and Lalpura villages. The seed rate for potato (variety 222) was 3,000 kg/ha and no. of plants per 5-m length were 32.6.

4. Three-row plug type vegetable transplanter-
TNAU, Coimbatore Centre of AICRP on FIM has developed a tractor mounted semi-automatic three-row plug type vegetable transplanter for tomato, cauliflower, chillies and brinjal seedlings. The machine works on the principle of dropping-potted plants from a certain height to the ground. The impact of the seedling with soil block helps in its placement. The unit consists of main frame with hitching system, ground wheel, shoe type, furrow openers, compaction wheel, operators seat, plug type metering mechanism and two depth control wheels. The machine of 350 kg weight can be operated using 45 hp tractor. It employs press wheels inclined at an angle of 15° with the vertical as soil covering device. The field capacity of the transplanter is 0.140 ha/hr and field efficiency 75% for transplanting chilli, brinjal and tomato with 450 mm row spacing.

Limitations in existing technology:
? Tractor operated

• Tractor operated machines cannot be used in small fields.
• Much costlier.
• Operational cost is high.

? Manually/Semi manual
• Cannot work reliably under different field conditions.
• Manually operated machines have high labor cost.
• Accuracy in controlling seed rate is less.

Hence in order to overcome above mentioned disadvantages in existing technology there was a long felt need in the art to provide a device and methodology by way of which farmers can improve
• Quality of SOWING
• Elimination of Labours (24hours of uninterrupted working).
• Reduction in cost (due to removal labours)
• Use an automaton instead manual support.
• Optimum utilization of power for this project.
• The impact of this project on agricultural as an organization is as follows:
• Reduction in commercial losses (due to plowing by tractor etc.)
• Better load management (in all soil).
• The farmers can use 1 phase supply as well as solar energy for this project to run.
• Reduction in the repairs & maintenance cost
• System stability improved due to use of microcontroller operation.

Hence following invention provides a fully automated multi-purpose robot specially designed for sowing purpose which could find a significant place in the field of agriculture. So to overcome these problems, Seed Sowing Robot is the one which is fully automated robotic invention with no requirement of any manual support.

Object:
1. Primary object of the present invention is to provide a cost effective, easy to install and apply device and methodology in order to provide best technology which will be helpful for the farmers in their fields.
2. Further object of present invention is to design a fully automated robot in order to avoid any kind of human interference in the agriculture field related to the sowing purpose.
3. Another object of present invention is Optimum utilization of minimum power for such an important field like agriculture.
Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from detail description and appended claims to those skilled in art.
Brief description of drawings:
Following invention is described in details with the help of
Figure 1 of sheet 1 showing capacitors
Figure 2of sheet 2 showing thyristers
Figure 3 of sheet 3 showing Microcontroller IC

STATEMENT:
Accordingly following invention provide a device and methodology for construction and working of automatic seed sowing mechanism covers all the difficulties which occurs to all the farmers while doing an agriculture related works mainly sowing in their fields. This technique providing a new experimental kit mainly comprising of Capacitor, Rectifier, Transistor, Over current Relay, Step down transformer. Generally this project is divided into two sections viz. one is bottom section which has two parallel PMDC motor used for displacement of robot. Also it has two coupled plows blade are attached. Another section having microprocessor IC, it has self inbuilt timer which controlled two bottom motor and one seed insertion motor by proper co-ordination of time. The programme of the microcontroller IC is such that it maintains and arranged the co-ordination of time. When supply is made ON position the 5 volt is applied to whole electronics circuit therefore the two plows and microcontroller IC works in co-ordination in such a way that first plow separates the soil, seeds are sowed whose timing is controlled by microcontroller IC. After the completion of seed insert in the soil, second plow brings the soil in its initial position then insertion motor stops and then the bottom motor run for displacement of robot again. This process is continuous till the switch off.

These and other features and advantages will be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed illustrations for a novel controlling mechanism disclosed hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings and which are generally applicable to other voluntary seed sowing methodologies to fulfill particular application illustrated hereinafter.
Detail description:

Components/Specifications Used:

1. 12mm MDF(Medium Density Fibercore Hardwood Plywood) Sheet.
2. 8mm MDF
3. 6mm MDF
4. 2mm Aluminium Sheet
5. 4mm Acrylic Sheet
6. PVC Hoppers/Funnel
7. 60:1 Reduction Ratio Gearboxes(4no.)
8. 100:1Reduction Ratio Gearboxes(1no.)
9. Spring
10. 6V,4AH Battery
11. Riborn Wire
12. 3/16 mtk Bolts
13. Steel strands etc.

List Of Components used:
1. Capacitor
2. Rectifier
3. Transistor
4. Overcurrent Relay
5. Step down transformer

1. Capacitor:
Capacitor is an instrument to store electric energy (capacitance) at a particular time and discharge it when needed. In the present invention we have used electrolytic capacitor.

Electrolytic Capacitor: In this, aluminium borate is used as the dielectric medium when the paste is used in the form of wet it is termed as wet electric capacitor and it is in dry state it is termed as to be dry electrolytic capacitor.

2. Transistor:
The transistor transfers input signal current from a low-resistance circuit to a high-resistance circuit. Basically, the transistor is a solid-state device that amplifies by controlling the flow of current carriers through its semiconductor materials.

3. Step Down Transformer:
“It is used to step down the supply. Because the whole circuit operate on dc supply in this step down transformer 220V supply is step down by 8V.”
When AC is applied to the primary winding of the power transformer it can either stepped down or step up depending on the value of DC needed. In our circuit the transformer of230V/8Vv is used to perform the step down operation where a 230VAC appears as 8V AC across the secondary winding. Apart from stepping down AC voltages, it gives isolation between the power source and power supply circuitries.

4. Rectifier:
It is used to convert the ac supply into dc as the experimental kit operates on dc supply. In the power supply unit, rectification is normally achieved using a solid state diode. Diode has the property that will let the electron flow easily in one direction at proper biasing condition. A commonly used circuit for supplying large amounts of DC power is the bridge rectifier. Bridge rectifiers of our diodes are used to achieve full wave rectification. Two diodes will conduct during the negative cycle and the other two will conduct during the positive half cycle.

5. Overcurrent Relay:
An overcurrent relay is a simplest form of protective relay which operates when the current exceeds certain predetermined value i.e peak up value. In our kit we set a relay at certain load limit and when load exceeds certain load limit it cut the supply automatically. So we have to use the load only up to that predetermined limit.

Further Modifications:
This invention can be further modified also on the following basis.
1. Solar plate can also be mounted on it in place of the battery which will be more energy efficient then battery.
2. Hopper size can also be increased for long lasting seed sowing.
3. Steering and breaking system can be implemented on this experiment which can be easily performing the rotationally turning and controlling operations respectively.
4. Multiple Hopper can be mounted on it to complete the multi-layer grain sowing operation which is presently available on the various tractors.

Method of working:
For the purpose of better understanding an illustration is hereafter provided of the working of the invention in different working conditions. But the illustrations shall not be construed as a limiting factor for the process and applicability as it can easily understood by the person skilled in the art that even further modifications and applications of the inventions are possible by making relevant modifications, amendments and alterations in the design without deferring from the basic conscience of the invention.

The project is divided into two parts:
In first part for seed sowing, the step down transformer steps down 230V into 8V ac supply. This current is further supplied to the rectifier which converts that ac supply into dc and then transferred to the battery where the power has been stored. This energy will again be supplied to rectifier which converts that pulsating dc into pure dc supply. So this dc supply is applied to microcontroller PIC which actuates all the components of the programme. Now ,the supply which is coming from microcontroller PIC are divided in such a way that displacement motor energize only for few seconds & then displacement motor stops & suddenly the seed insertion motor starts few seconds. The overall time co-ordination is made by microcontroller PIC. When this supply is applied to seed insertion motor, a “Cam-follower” performs the operation of the opening & closing gates. Due to some drop of voltage, an boosting transistor which connected at the output of microcontroller PIC which maintained up to 5v.This supply is applied to the displacement motor through relay(1). After few seconds this supply will energize the seed insertion motor through relay (2). And this process is continuous till the switch off. When current demand exceeds the certain limit then it sends the signal to transistor which is connected across both the relays (1) & (2) operates and which is used to cut the supply when overload occurs.

On the second compartment of this project, there is provide an arrangement for plowing the soil through plows such a that first plows which are used to separate the soil & then the seeds are dropped on the soil and then next plows attached in alternate fashion which are used to covers the portion where the first plows separate it. And this process is continues till the switch is off.

Additional advantages and modification will readily occur to those skilled in art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspect is not limited to specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general invention concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

CLAIMS

I claim:-
1. Device and methodology for construction and working of automatic seed sowing mechanism comprising of capacitor, Rectifier, Transistor, microcontroller, Over current Relay, Step down transformer, plows, which is installed in the agriculture fields and which provides the concept of automation in the agriculture area, which reduces the labour requirement as well as the cost & time.

2. In the invention as claimed in claim 1 the microcontroller is used in the circuit for time setting purpose and for the control operation in which the motor operation time and correlation of two motor time is maintain.

3. In the invention as claimed in claim 2 Step Down Transformer is used to step down the supply as the whole circuit operate on dc supply in this step down transformer 220V supply is step down by 8V.

4. In one of the preferred embodiment of the invention as claimed in claim 1 in first compartment:
a) the step down transformer steps down 230V into 8V ac supply;
b) this further supplies the rectifier which converts that ac supply into dc and then stored in battery;
c) in which battery energy supplied to the microcontroller and whole electronic;
d) when current demand exceeds the certain limit then it sends the signal to overcurrent relay and overcurrent relay operates and which is used to cut the supply when overload occurs;

5. in the invention as claimed in claim 4 in the second compartment, there is provide an arrangement for plowing the soil through plows such a that first plows which are used to separate the soil & then the seeds are dropped on the soil and then next plows attached in alternate fashion which are used to covers the portion where the first plows separate it.

Deepak Shahakar sheet 3/1

Figure 1

Deepak Shahakar sheet 3/2

Figure 2

Deepak Shahakar sheet 3/3

Figure 3

ABSTRACT
INDIA is the Agricultural country and it has been India's primary source of income and employment. Yet, very few technological applications have been directed towards the core process of farming. Most technological aids are in place for making better seeds, fertilizers and other chemical components.
Still plouging and sowing are done by Tractor under manual supervision. So this project introduces the new technology i.e. related to agriculture. This technology implemented in the “Automatic Seed Sowing Robot” which is a fully automated multi-purpose robot specially designed for sowing purpose which would find a significant place in the field of agriculture. This project is divided into two sections viz. one is bottom section which has two parrallel PMDC motor used for displacement of robot. Also it has two coupled plows blade are attached. Another section having microprocessor IC, it has self inbuilt timer which controlled two bottom motor and one seed insertion motor by proper co-ordination of time. Following invention is described in details with the help of Figure 1 of sheet 1 showing capacitors, Figure 2of sheet 2 showing thyristers, Figure 3 of sheet 3 showing Microcontroller IC.