Claims:We CLAIM

Our claims is as follows :-

1. The device send information about number of unit to the server after fix amount of time period.
2. It can operate automatically without administrator command.
3. It totally working on Internet of thing concept.
4. It can send the message to the administrator if anybody disturb it normal functioning .
, Description:Field of Innovation

The invention is related to the Bill calculated based on the number of unit. For counting the number of unit internet of things is used

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present billing system the distribution companies are unable to keep track of the changing maximum demand of consumers. The consumer is facing problems like receiving due bills for bills that have already been paid as well as poor reliability of electricity supply and quality even if bills are paid regularly. The remedy for all these problems is to keep track of the consumers load on timely basis, which will held to assure accurate billing, track maximum demand and to detect threshold value. These are all the features to be taken into account for designing an efficient energy billing system.
The present project “IoT Based Smart Energy Meter” addresses the problems faced by both the consumers and the distribution companies. The paper mainly deals with smart energy meter, which utilizes the features of embedded systems i.e. combination of hardware and software in order to implement desired functionality. The paper discusses comparison of Arduino and other controllers, and the application of GSM and Wi-Fi modems to introduce ‘Smart’ concept. With the use of GSM modem the consumer as well as service provider will get the used energy reading with the respective amount, Consumers will even get notification in the form text through GSM when they are about to reach their threshold value, that they have set. Also with the help of Wi-Fi modem the consumer can monitor his consumed reading and can set the threshold value through webpage.
This system enables the electricity department to read the meter readings monthly without a person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of Arduino unit that continuously monitor and records the energy meter reading in its permanent (non-volatile) memory location. This system continuously records the reading and the live meter reading can be displayed on webpage to the consumer on request. This system also can be used to disconnect the power supply of the house when needed.

Description
When the various appliances of the household consume energy the energy meter reads the reading continuously and this consumed load can be seen on meter. We can see that the LED on meter continuously blinks which counts the meter reading. Based on the blinking, the units are counted. Normally, 3200 blinks is one unit. In our project we are trying to develop, a system in which Arduino Uno act as main controller, which continuously monitor energy meter. As per the blinking of LED on energy meter the Arduino will measure the unit consumption. The measured reading with the calculation of the cost will be continuously displayed on web page that we have designed. Threshold value can be set on webpage with the help of Wi-Fi, as per the consumer’s requirement. When the consumers reading will be near about to the set threshold value it will send a notification value to the consumer. This threshold value notification will increase the awareness amongst the consumer about the energy.When the consumer gets the notification he can visit the webpage and change the threshold value.If the consumer is not aware with the threshold notification, then the meter will automatically get off. Then the consumer has to visit the webpage again and increment the threshold value. By the incrementation, the meter will automatically get ON. Finally the overall monthly bill with cost will be sent to customer as well as service provider in the form of text at first day of every month.
Energy meter or watt-hour meter is an electrical instrument that measures the amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. Utilities is one of the electrical departments, which install these instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerators and other home appliances.Energy meter measures the rapid voltage and currents, calculate their product and give instantaneous power. This power is integrated over a time interval, which gives the energy utilized over that time period.Above figure shown is the simple internal working of opto-coupler P817 which we are using as signal conditioning block. As we can see on a working meter that one LED continuously blinks, it is nothing but indicates the count of power. The LED whenever blinks it produces only 0.7v which is not suitable for Arduino board to capture, so to remove this error we are using this block.When the LED blinks the diode will conduct, transistor will get active and it will give 5v at output which we are externally giving to transistor. Whenever LED will blink the 5v supply will be provided to Arduino board and it will count them. We are using signal conditioning block to increase voltage.
ARDUINO UNO(ATMEGA 328):
Arduino board is the heart of our system. Entire functioning of system depends on this board. Arduino reacts to the 5v supply given by opto-coupler and keeps on counting the supply and then calculates the power consumed and also the cost. This data, it continuously stores on webpage, so that users can visit any time and check their consumption. It even reacts accordingly as per programed, to the situations like message sending during threshold value etc.
Wi-Fi MODULE (ESP8266):
Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. We are using Wi-Fi which acts as heart for IoT. Through Wi-Fi the consumer can set changes in threshold value, he can ON and OFF the energy meter. Time to time the readings of units and cost are displayed on webpage. Consumer can accesses the Arduino board and meter with help of Wi-Fi.
WEBPAGE (HTML):
We designed webpage for operating Arduino and Energy Meter with the help of HTML. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is a standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JAVA scripts it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for World Wide Web. Web browser receives HTML documents from a Webserver or from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages.HTML describes the structure of web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document. HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.
MAX 232:
We are using MAX 232 for serial communication with the components that are GSM module and Wi-Fi module MAX232 is used to provide TTL to the components as per the requirement. GSM needs TTL so it is connected to Arduino through MAX232. Some Wi-Fi module doesn’t require TTL because it’s already build in it and some may require based on its working.
GSM MODULE (SIM900):
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication. It is widely used mobile communication modem system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHZ, 900MHZ, 1800MHZ, 1900MHZ frequency bands. It has ability to carry 64kbps to 120Mbps of data rates.
In our system GSM is used to send the notification of threshold reaching to consumer and for sending message of total consumption of unit with cost to the service provider and consumer. In our system we are using SSR as switching device even though we can use RELAY because SSR is highly advantageous. We are using switching device to switch the energy meter. For ON and OFF purpose of meter we are using switching block. SSR stands for SOLID STATE RELAY. Both are used as AC switching device, but if switching speed is high than SSR is suitable, if switching speed is slow than RELAY is used .Relay life decreases as number of usage time increases, but in SSR there is no change. For driving RELAY, current or power required is more comparatively to SSR.For switching SSR requires 15amp, whereas RELAY needs (30amp,50amp,90amp) as per requirement.

Our system does not contain very vast and difficult calculations.
Usually different meters have different readings.

Some have,

1500 blinks = 1 unit

Mostly, 3200 blinks = 1 unit depends on manufacturer.

In our case 3200 blinks of LED is 1 unit. But for practical purpose,

5 blinks = 1 unit of power consumption. Let, X = number of blinks of LED

Y = number of units of electricity. Z = cost of consumption.

Basically,

No. of units (Y) = (X/3200) But in our case,

Y = (X/5)

Assume that 1 unit cost = 5rs. Z = Y * 5rs

For Threshold,

Assumed threshold set value will be = 5 units for practical. If units reach,

Threshold value – 1 unit = 5-1 = 4 units,

Notification will be send to consumer, if consumer doesn’t react and increase the threshold value then meter will automatically get OFF.

Again to turn it ON consumer has to visit webpage again to increase threshold value.

For practical purpose increment and decrement of threshold can be done by +5units or -5units.

Normally, basic unit of electricity is Kilowatt hour (KWh).

1kWh = 1000 watt for 1 hour.

Example,

Ten 100watt bulbs used for 1 hour gives 1kWh.