Description:The following specification describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the field of nanomedicines and more particularly the present invention relates to a graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposite and a method of preparation thereof.
Background of Invention:
Cancer, is a condition that arises due to the uncontrolled growth of normal body cells. As per the reports of WHO, Currently,Cancer was the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The most common in 2020 were breast (2.26 million cases); lung (2.21 million cases); colon and rectum (1.93 million cases); prostate (1.41 million cases); skin (non-melanoma) (1.20 million cases);and stomach (1.09 million cases).Cancer is also termed as a genetic disease that develops when the genes that control the functioning of the cells, become mutated especially how they grow and divide. Some of the factors that can cause these changes can be attributed to the mutation of DNA by substances like chemicals in tobacco smoke and ultraviolet rays from the sun, carcinogens like cigarette smoke, asbestos, alcohol, air pollution, and contaminated food and drinking water, biological carcinogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

The treatment options for the management of cancer currently include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell implant etc. These treatment options are associated with severe side effects and are very expensive to afford. A lot of research in the field of developing newer and safer alternatives for cancer management has been developed but the rise in the number of cases globally is still alarming.

Muhammad et al.;” Chitosan and carbon nitride doped barium hydroxide nanoparticles served as dye degrader and bactericidal potential: A molecular docking study” discloses Chitosan (CS) and different concentration of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (0.02 wt.% and 0.04 wt.%) doped barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) were harvested through co-precipitation route. Degradation of the potentially harmful methylene blue (MB) dye and evaluation of the antibacterial potential of the produced CS/g-C3N4-doped Ba(OH)2 NPs were the primary objectives of this study.

GuangfuLiaoa,et al; “Emerging graphitic carbon nitride-based materials for biomedical applications” discloses Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) as a class of burgeoning fluorescent polymeric materials that have received tremendous attention in the biomedical fields because of their unique optical and electronic properties. g-C3N4-based hybrids via integrating g-C3N4 with other functional nanomaterials have also been developed for diagnosis and therapy, biosensing, and antibacterial applications. It is further disclosed that, the g-C3N4 with hydrophilic nature and diverse structures has been examined in the cancer therapy field because of its high biocompatibility and facile synthesis. Besides, in contrast to traditional photosensitizers, the g-C3N4 is more stable, which benefits its further modification by the chemical engineering method for higher therapeutic effect and multifunction’s.

Salman A. et al; discloses Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle- (NP-) decorated carbon NPs (CNPs) were produced as colloidal suspension through pulsed laser ablation technique in liquid (PLAL) medium. The morphology of the MCF-7 cells treated with NPs decreased numbers, and the loss of contact with the surrounding cells was observed. These results confirmed that the CNPs decorated with CuO NPs have no observable side effects and can be safely used for therapeutic applications. It is also noteworthy that it is the first report of preparation of CuO NPs decorated with CNPs (CuO NPs-CNPs) by PLAL, and the produced NPs showed antimicrobial antiproliferative activities against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7.

Thus, there arises a need to develop and explore newer anticancer therapy and treatment options to overcome the serious side effects associated with the available treatment options, expensive treatment, providing safer and affordable cancer treatment for patients.
Objects of the Present Invention
An objective of this invention is to provide a barium hydroxide-based nanocomposite and a method of preparation thereof.

Yet another objective of the invention, is to provide barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites as a safer and efficacious alternative against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a simple, process for producing the nanocomposite against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Yet another objective of this invention is to provide a nanocomposite that is safer, and cost-effective against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a barium hydroxide-based nanocomposite that is easy to produce at a large scale and does not utilize harmful reagents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to the field of nanomedicines, and more particularly the present invention relates to barium hydroxide-based graphitic nitride nanocomposites a method of preparation thereof.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2) comprising barium hydroxide, and graphitic carbon nitride, wherein said barium hydroxide and graphitic carbon nitride are present in a ratio of 1:5.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2) comprising a) preparing a solution of NaOH; b) adding a predefined amount of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to the solution of NaOH and stirring for 30-40 minutes to obtain a stirred solution; c) adding a solution 0.01M BaCl2 dropwise to the stirred solution of step (b) and stirring for a predetermined time period at room temperature to obtain a precipitate; d) filtering the precipitate formed in step(c) and washing with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite.

These together with other aspects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the disclosure. These features and advantages of the present disclosure may be appreciated by reviewing the following description of the present disclosure, along with the accompanying figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein;

Figure 1 represents the Cell viability of (a) Pristine Ba(OH)2 (b) g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 Nanocomposite (NC) against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line after 24h incubation.

Detailed Description of the Invention:
The detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. The, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. The terms used herein are not intended to be limiting but rather to provide an understandable description of the invention.

The present invention relates to the field of nanomedicines, and more particularly the present invention relates to barium hydroxide-based graphitic nitride nanocomposites a method of preparation thereof.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2) comprising barium hydroxide, and graphitic carbon nitride, wherein said barium hydroxide and graphitic carbon nitride are present in a ratio of 1:5.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2) comprising a) preparing a solution of NaOH; b) adding a predefined amount of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) to the solution of NaOH and stirring for 30-40 minutes to obtain a stirred solution; c) adding a solution 0.01M BaCl2 dropwise to the stirred solution of step (b) and stirring for a predetermined time period at room temperature to obtain a precipitate; d) filtering the precipitate formed in step(c) and washing with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite.

Further, the predefined amount of graphitic carbon nitride is 0.3-0.5 g, and the predetermined time period is between 2-3 hours.

The cell viability for g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite at 16-64 µg/mL is between 30-6% for MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The nanocomposites as developed by the present invention provide a safer alternative to the known treatment methods.
Example 1: Synthesis of g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite
To 50 mL of 0.2 M NaOH, 0.5g g-C3N4 was added and stirred continuously for 30 min. To this stirred solution, 0.01 M BaCl2 (50 mL) was added dropwise and was further stirred for 3h at room temperature. Precipitates formed were filtered and washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite.
Example 2- In vitro cell culture experiments (MTT ASSAY)
Maintenance of human breast cancer cell lines
For the preparation of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM; 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated FBS and 1% (v/v) antibiotic solution (penicillin/streptomycin- penstrep) were used. The medium was used to culture MCF-7 cells in T-25 flasks. The flasks were preserved at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 environment (nuaire CO2 incubator, USA). Trypsinization of the MCF-7 cell line's T-25 flask using 0.25% trypsin (Gibco) was followed by Neubauer chamber cell counting.

Cell growth inhibition assay
Prior to being treated with test materials, the cells were plated in a 96-well plate (falcon plate, corning costar, USA) for 24 h. An experiment was performed to assess the anticancer activity of Ba(OH)2 NPs and g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Herein, Ba(OH)2 NPs and g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite in a concentration range of 2µg/mL to 64µg/mL were used. After washing the cells with a fresh solution, the cytotoxicity of the whole set of test samples listed above was determined using a standard assay. 180 µL of new media containing various treatments were added to replace the growth media once the cells had attached to the plates and the resulting mixture was then incubated for 48 h. Positive controls using only cells in culture media were employed. To aid in the production of formazan crystals, 20 µL of 5 mg/mL MTT in PBS were added to each well and incubated for another 4 h after the initial incubation period. Carefully aspirating the medium from each well, the MTT formazan crystals were then dissolved in 200 µL of DMSO while the plate was shaken for 5 min. The optical density (OD) of the resulting solution was then determined at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Bio-Red).
Referring to figure 1 of the present invention is illustrated the cell viability for (a) Pristine Ba(OH)2 (b) g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 Nanocomposite (NC) against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line after 24h incubation
The following formula was used to determine the cell viability (%):
Cell viability (%) = (Abs sample)/(Abs control) x100

It is evident from figure 1 that the cell viability for g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite at 16-64 µg/mL is between 30-6% for MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line which shows its effectiveness as anticancer agent. Cell viability is the number of living cells left after treatment with the respective dose of the pristine Nanoparticles and the nanocomposite. So, lesser the number of viable (living) cancer cells, more will be the efficiency of the material in killing of cancer cells.
In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and the example are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the application. From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. The disclosure is intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.
, Claims:1. A nanocomposite comprising barium hydroxide and graphitic carbon nitride having formula;
g-C3N4/Ba(OH)2
wherein, nanocomposite is effective against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line; and cell viability for said nanocomposite is between 30-6%.
2. The nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barium hydroxide and graphitic carbon nitride are present in a ratio of 1:5.
3. A process for the preparation of barium hydroxide-based graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2) comprising;
a. preparing a solution of NaOH;
b. adding a predefined amount of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) to the solution of NaOH and stirring for 30-40 minutes to obtain a stirred solution;
c. adding a solution 0.01M BaCl2 dropwise to the stirred solution of step (b) and stirring for a predetermined time period at room temperature to obtain a precipitate;
d. filtering the precipitate formed in step(c) and washing with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain g-C3N4/ Ba(OH)2 nanocomposite.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predefined amount of graphitic carbon nitride is 0.3-0.5 gm.
5. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predetermined time period is 2-3 hours