F0RM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10 and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
"Battery Enhancer Device using Chopper Wave Technology "
2. APPLICANT(S)
1)NAME:AbhijeetThakur NATIONAUTY:Indian
ADDRESS: 103,3A,Phase VI,Siddhachal,Near Vasant Vihar, Thane west-400610 2)NAME:Suresh Nandlal Sharma
NATIONALITY: Indian
ADDRESS: 189,Sharma Nivas.Near NIT Office.Kamal Talkies Road.Milind Nagar.Nagpur-440017 3)NAME: Dr. Ruchika Pravin Dwaramwar
NATIONALITY:Indian I.
ADDRESS: 441, Siraspeth Telangipura.Behind Navpratibha Girls High School,Umrer Road, Nagpur-440009

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRITION
Attached document describes in detail
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed
4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next page)

5. CLAIMS (not applicable for provisional specification. Claims should start with the preamble - "I/We claim" on
separate page)
Attached document describes in detail
6. DATE AND SIGNATURE (to be given on the last page of specification)
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (to be given along with complete specification on the separate page)
Note:
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Field of invention:
The above invention is related with lead acid battery life extension device with prime focus on desulfating and reconditioning of lead acid batteries. This device brings dead batteries back to life with significant improvement in the strength and capacity of the battery.
Background of the Invention:
A lead acid storage battery can be partially discharged and recharged many times. There are four stages in this discharging/charging cycle.
1) CHARGED: A fully chaTged battery contains a negative plate of Lead (Pb), a positive plate of lead dioxide(Pb02), and electrolyte of sulfuric acid (H2S04) and water (H20).
2) DISCHARGING: As the battery is discharging, the electrolyte becomes diluted and the plates become sulfated. The electrolyte divides into hydrogen(H2) and sulfate(S04). The hydrogen(H2) combines with oxygen(O) from the positive plate to form more water(H20). the sulfate combines with the lead (Pb) in both plates to form lead sulfate(PbS04).
3) DISCHARGED: In a fully discharged battery, both plates are covered with lead sulfate(PbS04) and the electrolyte is diluted to mostly water(H20).
4) CHARGING: During charging, the chemical action is reversed. Sulfate (S04) leaves the plates and combines with hydrogen(H2) to become sulfuric acid(H2S04). Free oxygen(02) combines with lead(Pb) on positive plate to form lead dioxide(Pb02).
It is well known that when a lead acid battery discharges or when not in use for a long time lead sulphate deposits over the electrodes, causing increase in the impedance- to the flow of current. 70% to 80% of the lead acid batteries
fail prematurely because of deposition of the lead sulphate on the plates. As time progresses , these lead sulphate crystallizes and weakens the charging and discharging process of the battery reducing its service life and reliability.
Over the year efforts have been put to remove the sulphate deposits by different methods.
(l)U.S. patent No. 5,063,341 describes the use of solar panels which are expensive along with its wiring problems for the above purpose.
(2)U.S. Patent no.5,891,590,battery reconditioning device uses transformer, signal generator, rectifier to achieve the same results.

(3) U.S. patent no 5,677,612 lead acid battery desulpfator/Rejuvenator overcomes problem (l),uses multivibrator with timer 555 circuit to achieve the de-sulfation process.
There are various patented techniques to reduce the sulfation of lead acid battery plates which employ pulse techniques. Refer U.S.pat.Nos. 4,871,959, 5,084,664, 5,276,393 and 5,491,399 . All the above techniques uses a fast pulse developed by transformer oscillator circuits .
The drawback of all the above methods is that it doesn't have any indicator of battery life and the desulpfator continuously drains the power from the battery without knowing whether desulphatation is required or not?
Object of Invention.
An object of the present invention is to provide an artificially intelligent
device for desulfating lead acid batteries.
Another object of the present invention is to use an general purpose RISC Architecture Processor ATMEGA8L to provide intelligence to the device i.e to provide visual display to the user and to give alert regarding the maintenance and condition of the battery. To achieve the above objective the display along with alert LED is provided in the device. Whenever battery voltage falls bellow 11.5V , alert LED stops blinking providing indication to the user to proceed for maintance ( i.e Charge the battery /Change Acid & water).
Yet another object of the invention is to use a Step-UP Chopper with varied duty cycle to apply required chopped voltage waveform across the battery for desulphatation process.
Another object of the invention is to eliminate inductive and bulky transformer oscillator, multivibrator, timer circuits for desulphatation process.
Still another object is to adjust the duty cycle of the step up chopper as shown in Fig. 4 to provide appropriate chopped voltage waveforms across the battery i.e battery plates to desulfate the battery.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide auto control mechanism to accelerate the desulfating process by cleaning the battery plates. This auto control mechanism breaks the deposited crystals on the battery electrodes

by applying chopped voltage waveform with varying on/off time and frequency as per the condition of the battery and further reduces crystal formation on battery electrodes.
A still further objective to provide a low cost, reliable and low power consumption device to the masses for desulfating the batteries.
Summary of invention:
CWT (Chopping Wave Technology) is a prior art used in our invention for building a energy enhancer device for longevity of battery life. The device draws a small amount of power from the battery, passes to auto control desulfating mechanism. The step up chopper applies chopped voltage waveform with varying duty cycle (on/off time) and frequency as per the condition of the battery. This auto control desulfating mechanism cleans the battery plates by breaking the deposited lead sulfate crystals on the battery plates and also reduces crystal formation on battery plates which results in improved discharging ampere-hour capacity of the battery improving its service life and reliability.
A fuse is included in the circuit to provide the short circuit protection against wrong battery polarity connection. A LCD/Seven Segment LED display unit is incorporated in the device to display battery condition. An alert mechanism is also incorporated inside the device to alert the user regarding the maintenance of the battery.
Brief description of drawings
A better understanding of the invention will be obtained when the following detailed description is understood which is the best mode for practicing the invention.
Fig.l shows block diagram schematic of Artificially intelligent Battery Enhancer Device using Chopping Wave Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery.
Fig.2 shows block diagram schematic of battery parameters sensing circuit,
, Electronic Voltage Regulator 7805 , alert LED, a step-up chopper circuit
,display unit , driving circuit connected to RISC processor ATmega 8L of
Artificially intelligent Battery Enhancer Device using Chopping Wave
Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery.

Fig.3 shows block diagram schematic of the short circuit protection employed in the artificially intelligent Battery Enhancer Device using Chopping Wave Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery.
Fig.4 shows Chopped Driving Signal for the chopper circuit used in artificially intelligent Battery Enhancer Device using Chopping Wave Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery.
Fig.5 shows Output of Battery Enhancer Device using Chopper Wave Technology on nano-second scale of artificially intelligent Battery Enhancer Device using Chopping Wave Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery. Also it shows the resonance property of lead sulphate crystals by applying a chopped voltage waveform across the battery plates. This voltage waveform sets vibration between the ions in electrolyte and the battery plates. These vibrations causes the rhythmic beating of lead sulphate crystals and beating causes the crystalline deposits to break up. This lead sulpfate returns back to electrolyte and increases its specific gravity.
Fig. 6a, 6b shows the application of Chopping Wave Technology for different ratings i.e.6v/12v/24v of lead acid batteries. Fig. 6a shows connection diagram for series connection and Fig. 6b shows for parallel connection of batteries of same rating.
Detailed description :
Referring to Fig.l which shows block diagram schematic of artificially intelligent Chopped Wave Technology for 12 volt Lead Acid Battery Desulpfator system. The system consists of a battery, intelligent battery parameter sensing circuit, an electronic voltage regulator 7805, a RISC processor ATMEGA 8L , LCD/Seven Segment LED Display unit, chopper driving circuit ,LED alert and a Step-up chopper circuit which is heart of the above system.
The above device doesn't require any external energy source. It takes a very small amount of energy from the battery and feedback (CVW) chopped voltage waveform with adjustable duty cycle and frequency control back to the battery.
First the parameters of the battery are sensed by using intelligent parameter sensing circuit consisting of a potential divider of precise registers of the ratio 1:10 as shown in Fig 2. This is given to Pin 26 PC3 (ADC3) of RISC processor ATMEGA-8L. This ADC has 10-bit Resolution with 0.5 LSB Integral Non-linearity, ± 2 LSB Absolute Accuracy, 13 - 260 μs Conversion

Time. The ADC contains a Sample and Hold circuit which ensures that the input voltage to the ADC is held at a constant level during sensing .This voltage is read by the processor to decide the condition of the battery. The reference voltage for the ADC (VREF) indicates the conversion range for the ADC. Single ended channels that exceed VREF will result in codes close to 0x3FF. VREF can be selected as either AVCC, internal 2.56V reference, or external AREF pin.
For reference voltage generation of ADC , LM336-2.5 integrated circuits precision 2.5V shunt regulator diode is used and connected to pin 21 AREF as shown in fig 2. This monolithic IC voltage references operate as a low-temperature-coefficient 2.5V zener with 0.2Ω, dynamic impedance. A third terminal on the LM336-2.5 allows the reference voltage and temperature coefficient to be trimmed easily. The LM336-2.5 is rated for operation over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range.
The 5 V regulated power supply required for the operation of RISC processor ATMEGA 8L and LCD/ Seven segment Display is derived from Battery using the LM78L05 series of three terminal positive regulator. The LM78L05 usually results in an effective output impedance improvement of two orders of magnitude, and lower quiescent current. This regulator can provide local on card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. This is a standard circuit in the industry known to all those practicing the art of power supply design.
The signal sampled from battery sensing circuit is applied to Pin 26 PC3 (ADC3) of the processor . The processor reads this battery voltage and displays it on the LCD/ Seven segment Display. If this voltage is greater than 11,5V , the alert LED keeps on blinking. Due to deep discharging the battery voltage may fall bellow 11.5 V, then the alert LED stops blinking providing message to the user to proceed for maintenance of the battery. This facility is absent in all the commercial battery desulpfator. This facility gives the user information about battery conditions.
From the voltage condition of the battery, the processor takes the decision about the duty cycle and frequency of the chopped voltage waveform to be applied to battery plates, and accordingly drives the driver circuit which in turn drives the chopper circuit.
The step-up chopper circuit consists of MOSFETS M1,M2, Inductors L1 and L2, Capacitor C2 as shown in Fig 2. The duty cycle and frequency of the chopper is set by the processor which switches MOSFETs at desired frequency through driver circuit. During off time of the chopped waveform MOSFET M2 is off, current flows from battery through a capacitor C2 and

inductor L1 which are energy storing elements and energy is stored in them. Then MOSFET M2 is turned on during on time of the chopped waveform , the energy stored in inductor L2. When M2 is turned off then MOSFET Ml is turned on and energy stored in L2 is fed back to battery. The amplitude of the current during this energy transfer is high approximately 3 to 5 Amps.
Battery sulfation takes place when a lead acid battery discharges. The deeper the battery is discharged ,the more and more lead sulphate is deposited on the the lead plates. This deposition forms an insulating layer which reduces the plate area in contact with electrolyte, this increases battery's resistance and hence limits battery's discharging ampere-hour capacity. This results in lowering the battery performance.
Battery life enhancing is nothing but reconditioning / desulfation of the batteries to increase its service life and capacity.. It is a method of bringing life to dead batteries. This task is performed by our device. It is a well known fact that lead acid crystals have a resonant frequency of few ( 2 to 6 ) Megahertz. This resonant frequency varies as per the condition (Physical details of constructions, size, temperature) of the battery. Our device exploits this resonance property of lead sulphate crystals by applying a chopped voltage waveform across the battery plates as shown in fig. 5. This chopped voltage waveform sets vibration between the ions in electrolyte and the battery plates. These vibrations causes the rhythmic beating of lead sulphate crystals and prolonged resonance i.e beating causes the crystalline deposits to break up. This lead sulpfate returns back to electrolyte and increases its specific gravity. The removal of lead sulphate deposition from battery plates increases plate contact area with electrolyte and reduces battery internals resistance which results in improved discharging ampere-hour capacity of the battery. The above objective is achieved by a stepup chopper which applies a chopped voltage waveform of required duty cycle and frequency across the battery as shown in Fig.4. The duty cycle (on and off time) of the chopper is controlled intelligently by an RISC processor. The duty cycle of the chopper is varied continuously as per the condition of the battery. With a continuous treatment, the battery internal impedance decreases and the terminal voltage also decrease as the lead sulfates from the battery plates are cleared and hence more and more electrode area comes in contact with electrolyte. The short circuit protection by using a fuse is incorporated in the device for wrong polarity connection as shown in Fig. 3. In case of wrong connection of the device to the battery, a diode D4 conducts and it blows the fuse and provides the protection.

Tests have shown the specific gravity of the cells increases slowly which indicates that removed sulfate is dissolved back into electrolyte solution.
Discharge test on the desulfated batteries with standard load to determine capacity of the battery have shown the gradual increase in discharging interval thereby increasing its service life and reliability.
Battery sulfation is the main culprit in making battery electrically inactive,
our device based on chopping wave technology cleans the battery electrodes and hence battery service life increases thereby reduce the number of batteries being discarded prematurely.
In automated battery driven vehicles the chopping wave technology will keep battery plates clean, facilitate faster charging and hence will save power and fuel.lt will also reduce the problems faced by the drivers during starting of the vehicles.
With the shortage of energy resources this device when used in UPS/Inverter
systems, Electric vehicles will deliver the proper backup.
Ours system is cost effective and for the masses, it also helps in protecting the environment by increasing the life of the batteries, thereby reducing the danger of contaminations caused by lead and sulfuric acid dumped from prematurely discarded batteries.
The CWT technology is applicable for series or parallel connections of all kinds of lead acid batteries of different ratings i.e.6v/12v/24v and also can be extended to higher as shown in Fig 6a,Fig. 6b . To achieve the objective of de-sulfation for different voltage ratings of the batteries the step-up chopper circuit ( consisting of MOSFETs Ml, M2, L1,L2,C2) has to be modified as per the rating requirements. The duty cycle and the frequency control of the chopper circuit has to be modified as per the requirements.

What claimed is:
1).A Battery Enhancer Device using chopping wave technology with intelligent auto control mechanism to reduce crystal formation on battery electrodes and to break the deposited crystals on the battery electrodes by applying chopped voltage waveform with varying on/off time and frequency as per the condition of the battery, comprising of;
a 'battery parameter sensor circuit' to sense the battery parameters like internal impedance or terminal voltage and providing the said parameter value to the processor through ADC;
a chopper circuit generating the chopper waveform to be applied on battery plates,
a driver circuit driving the copper circuit to generate the chopper waveform with desired duty cycle and frequency, and
a processor accessing the battery parameter values sensed by the sensor circuit through the ADC and accordingly adjust/takes the decision about the duty cycle and frequency of the chopped voltage waveform to be applied to battery plates, and accordingly controls the driver circuit which in turn drives the chopper circuit and thereby accelerate/ control the desulphation process
2). A Battery Enhancer Device as claimed in claiml wherein said chopper circuit consist of feedback mechanism having Inductor, Capacitor and MOSFETs and during off time of the chopped waveform, current flows from battery through a capacitor and inductor storing the energy therein and during on time of the chopped waveform, the energy stored in inductor is fed back to battery.
3). A Battery Enhancer Device as claimed in claiml wherein the said processor further provides the relevant battery parameter representing/indicating the battery condition on the LED/LCD display.
4). A Battery Enhancer Device as claimed in claiml wherein said battery can be of any voltage rating like 6V/12V/24V Lead Acid Battery and their series or parallel/multiple connections there by extending the voltage ratings to higher than 24V too.
5). A battery having battery enhancer device as claim in 1 to 4 as above.