[1]This application claims priority to an application for the Korea Patent Application No. 10-2017-0011227, filed on January 24, 2017 date, all information disclosed in the specification and drawings of that application is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
[2]The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for managing a battery, to an apparatus and method for year and more particularly, based on the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery protecting the battery.
[3]
BACKGROUND
[4]
Battery is capable of repetitive charging and discharging, so is used as a power source in various fields. For example, lithium-ion batteries, etc., mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, video cameras, used in devices that can carry a person's hands, such as tablet computers, power tools, as well as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric It is used in a variety of electrical drive power devices such as automobiles, hybrid cars, electric boats, electric plane.
[5]
The battery is connected to a load device through a power conversion device such as an inverter. A load device refers to any device that uses the power stored in the battery as mentioned above.
[6]
The loading device comprises a control system. The control system receives the device for managing the charging and discharging of the battery via a communication (hereinafter referred to as a battery management system ") provides an output from the parameter for the battery.
[7]
The output parameter is an indicator of the charge-discharge performance or capacity of the battery, it is updated according to the state of charge and temperature of the battery. Output parameters may include information about the allowed power (Power), which is calculated from the maximum charging and discharging current values ​​or that which can flow through the battery when the battery is discharged or charged.
[8]
The control system controls the charging and discharging of the battery within the range of the output parameter provided by the battery management unit. That is, the control system by controlling the electric power conversion device controls the output of the battery to an unacceptable output value, or to control the size of the charge or discharge current below the maximum charging and discharging current values.
[9]
On the other hand, the voltage of the battery is close to a predetermined discharge lower limit voltage (or the charging upper limit voltage) when rapidly changing. Here, the discharge lower limit voltage of the upper limit charge voltage in order to prevent the over-discharge is that each can be pre-defined in order to prevent the excessive charging.
[10]
1 is a graph showing the change in voltage that appears during a discharge formed by a constant current of 360A when the full charge capacity of the state of charge of a lithium battery 360Ah 20%. Using a relatively large electric current of a constant current of 360A, since the discharge performed in a short time of about several tens of seconds in a few seconds, the capacity of the battery before and after the discharge can be treated as being constant.
[11]
As can be seen in the graph shown in Figure 1, the voltage of the battery discharge lower limit voltage V min the specific voltage value is higher than V s becomes faster At the reach, the reduction rate of the voltage suddenly.
[12]
Similarly, rapid changes in voltage can occur in the charge status of the battery. That is, the quality of the battery voltage is close to the charging upper limit voltage suddenly accelerates the rate of increase of voltage. One of the main reasons for the sudden change of the battery voltage occurs, a sudden change phenomenon of the internal resistance according to the charge status of the battery.
[13]
Rapid change in the voltage of the battery indicates that the battery is in a state that the danger will soon be overcharging or over-discharging. Accordingly, the battery management unit, when a sudden change in voltage between both terminals of a battery monitor, it is necessary that will properly control the size of the battery discharge current or charging current. That is, the battery management unit can be solved a problem that must be able to properly attenuate the output parameters acceptable to the battery, the voltage of the battery becomes higher than the discharge lower limit voltage or lower than the upper limit charge voltage.
[14]
Detailed Description of the Invention
SUMMARY
[15]
To the present invention is to protect, battery as been made under the background of the prior art as above from the over-discharge or excessive charging, the current attenuation ratio for determining the upper limit value of the charging and discharging current is allowed for the battery according to the state of charge and temperature of the battery to provide an apparatus and method that can be calculated it is an object.
[16]
Problem solving means
[17]
A battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned technical problem, in the first, but stores a plurality of the discharge curve model, including a first discharge curve model associated with a state of charge value, the first discharge curve model the memory section that defines the first voltage variation with time of the battery has a state of charge value under the first discharge conditions; It includes; and is possibly connected in communication with the memory unit, a control unit configured to be called the first discharge curve model stored in the memory unit. Wherein, from the first time point of the first discharge is the first discharge curve model from a curve model meets the predetermined discharge Setting voltage value higher than the discharge lower limit voltage value of the battery to a second point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, first calculating a first variation in time, and the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting values ​​and based on the first variation in time, first calculates a first attenuation current value for the temperature value, the first state of charge value the first maximum discharge wherein the calculating the first current decay ratio indicating the relative size of the first attenuated current value, the first charge of said first current attenuation ratio state value and the first temperature value for a current value map to the in association to be stored in the memory unit.
[18]
Further, the control section, the first maximum value of the discharging current, the first factor and the second factor to the more basic, and calculates the current value of the first attenuator. In this case, the first factor is a first internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the first temperature value, the second factor is a first maximum rate of change of resistance of the battery is mapped to the first temperature value.
[19]
Further, the control unit, to use the equation (1), but the output of the first current attenuation value,
[20]
Equation 1
[21]
[22]
In Equation 1, I D_max is the first maximum discharge current value, V min is the discharge lower limit voltage, V D_set is the discharge Setting voltage, R 0 is the first internal resistance value, Δt D is and the first temporal change amount, (dR / dt) D_max is the first and the maximum resistance change ratio, I D_ derate is a said first attenuated current.
[23]
Further, the control unit can calculate a second attenuation current value for, the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value, the first time change amount, the a third factor, and based on the fourth factor, the second temperature value have. In this case, the third factor is a second internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the second temperature value, wherein the fourth factor is a second maximum rate of change of resistance of the battery is mapped to the second temperature value.
[24]
Further, the control section, the first maximum discharge and calculating the second current decay ratio indicating the relative size of the second damping current value for the electric current value, the first charging the second current attenuation ratio state value and the in association with the second temperature value it can be stored in the memory unit.
[25]
In addition, the memory unit, and the first state of charge value may store the second discharge curve model associated with a second, different state of charge value and the second state of charge value further. At this time, the second discharge curve model defines a voltage change with time of the battery having the second state of charge value under the second discharge conditions.
[26]
Further, the control unit is configured to calculate a second time variation amount from the third time from the second discharge curve model, the second discharge curve model of intersection with the discharge set voltage value to a fourth point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge lower limit voltage value, based on the discharge voltage setting value and the second time change amount, the third, and calculates a third damping current value for the temperature value, the second maximum discharge mapped to the second state of charge value calculating a third current attenuation ratio indicating the relative magnitude of the third damping current value for the electric current value, which was related to the third current decay rate in the second state of charge value and the third temperature value in the memory unit It can be saved.
[27]
Further, the control section, the second maximum discharge current value, the fifth factor and the sixth factor to further based, may calculate the third damping current. In this case, the fifth factor is the third internal resistance value of the battery temperature value is mapped to the third, the sixth factor is a third maximum change in resistance of said battery is mapped to the third temperature value.
[28]
Further, the control unit calculates a fourth damping current values ​​for the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value, the second time variation amount, a 7-factor, and based on the eighth factor, the fourth temperature value. At this time, the seventh, and the fourth factor is the internal resistance value of the battery temperature value is mapped to the fourth, the eighth factor, the fourth maximum change in resistance of the battery corresponding to the fourth temperature value.
[29]
Further, the control section, the second maximum discharge, and calculates a fourth electric current attenuation ratio indicating the relative size of the fourth damping current value for the electric current value, the second charge of the fourth current attenuation ratio state value and the to claim 4 associated with a temperature value can be stored in the memory unit.
[30]
Further, the control unit, the second temperature value and the third temperature when the value is the same, the second current decay rate and set to represent the attenuation ratio to the third temperature value wherein the larger of the third current attenuation ratio can.
[31]
In addition, the battery management unit, the voltage measuring unit for measuring a discharge voltage of the battery; A current measuring unit for measuring a current of the battery; It may further include; and a temperature measurement unit for measuring a temperature of the battery. At this time, the control unit, based on said voltage measurement section, the current measurement unit and voltage values ​​to be measured by the temperature measuring unit, the current value and the temperature value, and estimating the current state of charge value of the battery voltage of said battery in this case, less than or equal to the discharge voltage setting value, and obtain a representative attenuation rate mapped to the current state of charge value and the temperature value from the memory unit, by using the obtained representing the attenuation rate, determine the upper limit value of the discharge current of the battery can.
[32]
In addition, the memory unit may further store a plurality of predetermined safety threshold. In this case, the control unit, while the successively assigned to the plurality of safety reference value to the discharge voltage setting value, and each safety reference value set in the discharge setting voltage value according to a predetermined rule, said first current attenuation ratio It can be calculated.
[33]
A battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the invention, the first, but stores a plurality of charge curve models, including the charge curve model, the first charging curve model associated with a state of charge value of the first under a first charge condition first memory unit for defining the voltage variation with time of the battery has a charge value; It includes; and is possibly connected in communication with the memory unit, a control unit configured to be called the first charge curve model stored in the memory unit. Wherein the control unit of the second from the first point, one charge from the curves model is the first charging curve model meets the charging voltage setting value defined below the charging upper limit voltage value of the battery to a second point of intersection with the charging upper limit voltage value, the calculated amount of change for one hour. The control unit calculates on the basis of the charging upper limit voltage value, the charging voltage setting value and the first delta time, the first attenuation value for the current first temperature value. Wherein the control unit calculates a first first current attenuation ratio indicating the relative magnitude of said first current attenuation value for the first maximum charge current value map to the state of charge value. Wherein, in association with the first current attenuation ratio of the first state of charge value and the first temperature value is stored in the memory unit.
[34]
Battery management method according to another aspect of the invention, of a plurality of the discharge curve model previously stored, the method comprising: first calls the first discharge curve model associated with a state of charge value, the first discharge curve model, the first under the discharge condition to define a first voltage variation with time of the battery has a state of charge value step; It said first discharge a first time variation amount from the first time point from the curve model is the first discharge curve model of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage higher than predetermined discharge Setting voltage value of said battery to a second point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, calculating; The method comprising: calculating a first attenuation current values ​​for the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value, the first time change, a 1-factor, and based on the second factor, the first temperature value, the first factor is a first internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the first temperature value, the second factor is the first step up to the change in resistance of said battery is mapped to the first temperature value; Calculating a first current attenuation ratio indicating the relative magnitude of said first current attenuation value for the first maximum discharge current value is mapped to the first state of charge value; And in association with the first current attenuation ratio of the first state of charge value and the first temperature value and storing in the memory unit; and a.
[35]
Effects of the Invention
[36]
In accordance with at least one of the embodiments of the invention, using at least one discharge curve model or a charge curve model obtained through the pre-experiment, calculating the current attenuation ratio according to the state of charge value and the temperature value of the battery can have a pre- It can haedul.
[37]
Further, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, charging if the battery is being discharged voltage reaches a predetermined setting voltage, a predetermined electric current attenuation ratio of the charge-and-discharge on the basis that corresponds to the charge and temperature of the current battery It may determine an upper limit value of the current. Accordingly, the voltage changing period (e.g., period indicated by hatching. 1) can be charge-discharge current of the battery within the restricted to be below the upper limit value. This makes it possible to effectively protect the battery from at least one of the over-discharge and overcharge.
[38]
In addition, it is possible to differently determine the upper limit of the In accordance with at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, by previously placing a plurality of safety set reference value can used as the discharge voltage set value, the discharge current for each safety reference value.
[39]
Brief Description of the Drawings
[40]
It intended to illustrate the following one embodiment of the figures of the present invention attached to this specification, the components which serve to further understand the spirit of the invention and, together with the following detailed description, the invention is limited to the details set forth in those figures It is shall not be interpreted.
[41]
1 is a discharge curve model showing a voltage change of the ever-open type when made by the discharge of a constant current 360A when the state of charge of a lithium battery with a capacity of 36Ah be 20%.
[42]
2 is a block diagram of a battery of the output parameter adjustment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[43]
Figure 3 is a full charge capacity is equal to 36Ah, and a 15% charged state, 20%, 30%, a discharge curve model are graphs of five different lithium battery as 40% and 50%.
[44]
4 is a view for explaining parameters of the equation used to determine the attenuation values ​​in the current embodiment of the present invention.
[45]
5 to 8 is a view that a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention by reference to describe the operation of calculating the current value of the attenuation and the attenuation ratio by the current temperature from the discharge curve model.
[46]
9 to 12 is a flow chart showing a battery management method according to an embodiment of the invention.
[47]
Mode for the Invention
[48]
With reference to the accompanying drawings it will be described embodiments of the present invention. Prior to this, the specification and are should not be construed as limited to the term general and dictionary meanings used in the claims, the inventor accordingly the concept of a term to describe his own application in the best way It interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention on the basis of the principle that can be defined. Accordingly, the configuration shown in the examples and figures disclosed herein are various equivalents, which in not intended to limit the scope of the present merely nothing but one embodiment of the present invention invention can be made thereto according to the present invention the time it should be understood that the modifications could be.
[49]
In the embodiment described below, a battery refers to a lithium battery. Here, La lithium battery compartment is the lithium ion acts in the operating ions during the charge and discharge the battery made collectively to cause electrochemical reaction at the anode and the cathode.
[50]
On the other hand, even if the name of the battery changes depending on the electrolyte and the type of the membrane, of a packing material used for packing the battery type, internal or external structure of a lithium battery using a lithium battery, if the battery of lithium ion is used as a working ion both It should be construed as included within the scope of the lithium battery.
[51]
The present invention is applicable to other battery other than the lithium battery. Therefore, if the operating ion battery with the technical features of the present invention even if it is not the lithium ion can be applied to be construed as being included in both the scope of the present invention, regardless of its type.
[52]
Further, the battery is not limited by the number of elements constituting it. Therefore, the battery including a unit cell that contains the assembly, and an electrolyte of the positive electrode / separator / negative electrode in a single packaging unit cells in series and / or in parallel assembly, a number of modules, a plurality of assemblies connected in series and / or in parallel the module is to be interpreted to include also a serial and / or in parallel pack, a number of packs that are connected in series and / or parallel cell system.
[53]
2 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 100, which according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[54]
2, the apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, basically comprises a memory unit 150 and control unit 140, and, optionally, a voltage measurement unit 110, current measurement section 120 , it may further include at least one of the temperature measurement unit 130 and the information output unit.
[55]
Device 100, it is possible to attenuate the current of the battery 10, since the binary point voltage is equal to the predetermined set voltage of the battery 10 is being charged and discharged. For example, the device 100, to the discharge voltage setting voltage of the battery 10 is being attenuated, and the discharge of charge current when the voltage of the battery 10 is being charged reaches the charging setting voltage battery (10) has been reached, there can attenuate the discharge current of the battery (10). Of course, the charging setting voltage can be predefined to have a level higher than the set discharge voltage.
[56]
Battery 10 is electrically connected to a load device 200 and through a high potential terminal (+ PACK) and low potential terminal (PACK-). A load device (200), refers to a device that operates by electric power output from the battery 10.
[57]
The load device 200 includes a control system 210, the power converter 220 and the load 230. A load device 200 is, optionally, can further include the charger 240. Charger 240 may be provided to the battery 10, a charging current to charge the battery 10 via the power converter 220. Charger 240 may be self-generated by the charge current, it is also possible to take electric power from the commercial power supply is applied to generate the charge current.
[58]
In a preferred embodiment, the load 230 may be a motor included in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, the power converter 220 may be an inverter of two-way power conversion possible.
[59]
Control system 210 is a computing system that controls the entire operation of the load device 200. In particular, the control system 210 controls the discharging of the battery 10 using an output parameter of the battery 10 provided by the controller 140. That is, the control system 210 controls the discharging of the battery 10 by controlling the power converter 220 to the discharge condition corresponding to the output parameter.
[60]
The power conversion unit 220 and transmits a discharge output of the battery 10 toward the load (230). At this time, the power conversion unit 220 may control the power conversion degree so that the battery 10 is within a range of output parameters under the control of the control system 210 can be discharged.
[61]
In contrast, the power converter 220 may transfer the charge output supplied from the charger (240) toward the battery 10. At this time, the power conversion unit 220 may control the power conversion degree so that the battery 10 is within a range of output parameters under the control of the control system 210 can be filled.
[62]
A memory unit 150, if a storage medium capable of recording and erasing information, there is no particular limitation on their kind. As an example, memory 150 may be RAM, ROM, a register, a hard disk, an optical recording medium or a magnetic recording medium. Memory unit 150 may also be electrically connected for example with the controller 140 via the data bus, and the like to be accessed by the controller 140. Memory unit 150 may also control section 140, the communication is possible to connect, the controller 140 performs store and / or update data that is generated when containing various control logic program, and / or run the control logic and and / or erasing and / or transmission. Memory unit 150 may be logically divided into two or more, and does not limit to be included within the controller 140.
[63]
A voltage measurement unit 110 is electrically coupled to the controller 140 to send and receive electrical signals. Under voltage measurement section 110 may control the control unit 140, a time interval and outputs a signal indicating the magnitude of the measured voltage to be applied between the positive electrode of the battery 10 and the negative electrode, and the measured voltage to the controller 140, do. The control unit 140 determines the voltage of battery 10 from the signal output from the voltage measurement section 110, and stores the value of the predetermined voltage to the memory section 150. For example, the voltage measurement section 110 may be composed of a voltage measurement circuit that is commonly used in the art.
[64]
A current measuring unit 120 is electrically coupled to the controller 140 to send and receive electrical signals. A time interval under the control of the current measuring unit 120 is the controller 140 and outputs a signal indicating the magnitude of the repeated measures the magnitude of current flowing through the battery 10 and the measured current to the control unit 140. The The control unit 140 determines the magnitude of the current from the signal output from the current measurement unit 120, and stores the determined current value in the memory section 150. For example, the current measuring unit 120 may be of a general hall sensor or a sense resistor is used in the art.
[65]
Temperature measurement unit 130 is electrically coupled to the controller 140 to send and receive electrical signals. Temperature measuring unit 130 with a time interval and outputs a signal indicating the magnitude of the repeated measures the temperature of the battery 10 and the measured temperature to the controller 140. The Controller 140 determines the temperature of the battery 10 from the signal output from the temperature measurement unit 130, and stores the value of the determined temperatures to the memory section 150. For example, the temperature measuring unit 130 may be of a thermocouple (thermocouple) that is commonly used in the art.
[66]
Apparatus 100 according to the present invention may further include a communication interface 160. The communication interface 160 is a component required to carry out the control system 210 and included in the communication control unit 140 a load device 200.
[67]
A communication interface (160) may include, may also be used, if any known communication interface shall support so that the two different systems can communicate. The communication interface can support wired or wireless communication. Preferably, the communication interface may be to support the can (CANN) communication or a daisy chain (Daisy Chain) communication.
[68]
The control unit 140 by means of at least one of the temperature measuring unit 130 of the current of the battery 10 measured by the voltage and current measuring unit 120 of the battery 10 measured by the voltage measurement section 110, the temperature of the measured battery 10 can be selectively utilized to determine the state of charge of the battery (10).
[69]
For example, the state of charge of the battery 10 may be determined by integrating the current value which is measured periodically by the current measuring unit 120. Since this method is known under the name of ampere counting method detailed description thereof will be omitted. As another example, the state of charge of the battery (10) is configured to determine an open-circuit voltage based on the voltage value measured periodically by the voltage measurement section 110, it may be determined with reference to previously stored SOC-OCV table in memory. As another example, the charge may be determined by using an adaptive algorithm such as the extended Kalman filter based on a circuit model of the battery (10).
[70]
Of course, the state of charge may be in addition to the above-described ampere counting method or the extended Kalman filter is selectively used as the voltage, temperature and current of the battery 10 is determined by a method other known capable of estimating charged state.
[71]
Controller 140, monitors the voltage level of the battery 10 measured by the voltage measurement section 110, while the battery 10 is discharged. Controller 140, depending on the direction of the current to be measured in the current measurement unit 120, whether the battery 10 is charged can be determined that the discharge.
[72]
The control unit 140 determines a different output parameter of the battery according to the voltage level of the battery (10). Specifically, the control unit 140 when the voltage in the voltage range of the flat battery 10 is being discharged is possible to determine the output parameters to the normal mode. On the other hand, if beyond the range of voltage that the voltage flat battery 10, enters the voltage range or sharply increasing voltage section may determine the output parameters to the damping mode. At this time, the voltage and voltage flatness region plunged interval, it can be distinguished on the basis of a predetermined set voltage discharge. In addition, the flat section and the voltage surge voltage interval, can be distinguished on the basis of a predetermined charge voltage set so as to be higher than the discharge voltage setting. That is, the voltage sharply interval is a period corresponding to a voltage range equal to or less than the discharge voltage setting, voltage increasing section is a section that corresponds to the voltage range over charging set voltage, the voltage flatness interval while greater than the discharge settings voltage smaller than the charging set voltage a section that corresponds to the voltage range.
[73]
First, a constant current discharge test performed while maintaining the same temperature for each predetermined state of charge value of the battery 10, it is possible to obtain a plurality of the discharge curve model.
[74]
Figure 3 is a full charge capacity is equal to 36Ah, and a 15% charged state, 20%, 30%, a discharge curve model are graphs of five different lithium battery as 40% and 50%. Goes from left to right, the charge state value corresponding to the discharge curve model is greater.
[75]
The size of the discharge current is applied from each of the constant current discharge test is the maximum discharge current value corresponding to the state of charge and temperature of the battery (10). Maximum discharge current value corresponding to a particular state of charge and temperature are the voltage of the battery 10 when sikyeoteul pulse discharge the battery 10 in the HPPC (Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization) method discharge lower limit voltage (V min discharge to reach a) is a current value.
[76]
Preferably, the maximum discharge current value determined by the HPPC method is greater than the upper limit of the discharge current value set for safety (Safety) of the battery 10, the maximum discharge current value can be replaced with the upper limit of the discharge current value.
[77]
The upper discharge discharge current value during the constant current discharge experiment for obtaining the curve model shown in FIG. 3 was set to 360A.
[78]
3, the maximum discharge current value when applying gain to the discharge curve model is displayed to the right of the graph. That is, the maximum discharge current value corresponding to the charged state of 15%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% is the same as 360A. When the state of charge 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, since the maximum discharge current value determined by the HPPC method exceeds 360A (ampere) is set to discharge the upper limit current value is replaced by the upper limit of discharging a maximum discharge current value of a current value because hayeotgi. On the other hand, if the SOC of the battery 10 is 15% of days, because the HPPC method the maximum discharge current value 359A is less than the upper limit of the discharge current value determined by 360A, 359A is applied as it was determined by the HPPC method.
[79]
In Fig. 3, A horizontal line is set a predetermined discharge voltage (V D_set indicates a level of a), B is a horizontal discharge lower limit voltage (V min represents the level of a). At this time, the discharge Setting voltage (V D_set ) may be the same as any one of a predetermined safety threshold. For example, the discharge lower limit voltage (V min can be said that when the 1.5V), 3 of the safety standard value corresponding to 2.6V, 2.3V and 2.0V can be predetermined.
[80]
As above, the control unit 140 sequentially discharge Setting voltage (V in a predetermined safety threshold D_set , can calculate the current value of the attenuation and the attenuation ratio according to the current state of charge and the temperature in the set) state. At this time, when the maximum discharge current value is fixed, the damping current value becomes smaller, the current attenuation ratio may be greater. That is, the damping current value and the current attenuation ratio may have an inverse relationship.
[81]
Further, the control unit 140 by the basis of the calculated current attenuation ratio, the attenuation of the output parameters, particularly, the discharge current of the battery 10, the voltage of the battery 10, the discharge lower limit voltage (V min it takes to reach a) It can be increased enough time.
[82]
Further, the control unit 140 that is an elapsed time from a first time point of detecting a second point of intersection on a first point and a horizontal line B intersecting with the discharge curve model, the horizontal line A, respectively, and detection up to a second point, the time It can be used to calculate the rate of change.
[83]
The control unit 140 sets a discharge voltage (V current voltage is previously set in the battery 10 measured by the voltage measuring section (110) D_set greater than) determines an output parameter in the normal mode. Normal mode, in contrast to the attenuation mode, which will be described later, may be a means that does not apply any limitation mode for the discharge current of the battery (10). That is, while the control unit 140 does not operate in the attenuation mode, always can operate in the normal mode.
[84]
Output parameters to be determined during the discharge process, and at least one or the associated parameters of the maximum discharge current and the current decay rate of the battery (10). The control unit 140 may determine the maximum discharge current value by using a charge previously stored in the first current map in the memory unit 150. Here, the first electric current map, and the like look-up table that defines the maximum discharge current value associated to each of a plurality of state of charge value may be a data structure with a format.
[85]
Allowed power value P D can be determined by the following equation (1).
[86]
Equation 1
[87]
P D = V min × I D_max
[88]
In equation 1, V min is a predetermined lower limit value as the discharge voltage of the battery (10). I D_max correspond to the maximum discharge current value can be applied to the battery 10 being discharged in a particular state of charge.
[89]
On the other hand, the controller 140 that the voltage of the battery 10 measured by the voltage measurement section 110, a discharge Setting voltage (V D_set falls below) (that is, in the voltage plunge period) by damping mode from the normal mode conversion to, and determines an output parameter from the decay mode. At this time, the controller 140 may perform operations to determine the current decay rate corresponding to the predetermined value of the at least one state of charge value and the at least one temperature in advance of performing the operation of determining the output parameters. To this end, the memory unit 150 has a plurality of discharge curve model can be stored in advance. The discharge curve model is previously stored in the memory unit 150, which may be each of the plurality of state of charge values associated one for one.
[90]
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the memory portion 150 has at least a first discharge curve model and discharge curve model, the second storage. Here, the first discharge curve model claim is to define the voltage change with time of the battery (10) having a first state of charge value under the first discharge condition, the second discharge curve model, the second state of charge under the second discharge conditions having a value may be to define the voltage change with time of the battery (10). As described with reference to Fig. 3 described above, the first discharge condition is specified temperature (e.g., 25) a first maximum discharge current value by discharging the battery 10 to not higher than the discharge lower limit voltage corresponding to the charge state value in It will for the second discharge condition may be to discharge the battery (10) to below the lower limit discharge voltage to a second maximum discharge current value corresponding to the second state of charge value at the same temperature and the first discharge conditions.
[91]
In addition, the controller 140 controls the parameters determined during operation in the attenuation mode comprises at least one of attenuation of the battery 10, a current value and a target power value attenuated.
[92]
Specifically, the control unit 140 may invoke each of the discharge curve model previously stored in the memory unit 150, for more than one or two at the same time. The current call and the discharge curve model from the memory section 140 by the control unit 140 will be referred to as "target curve model.
[93]
The control unit 140 detects the point of intersection with the starting and the discharge lower limit voltage value is a target model curves of intersection with the discharge voltage setting value from the target curve model, respectively. From this, the controller 140 may calculate a variation in time represents the time between the two time points is detected. That is, the time variation amount is a value obtained by subtracting the smaller from the larger of the two points in time.
[94]
Next, the control unit 140 on the basis of at least the discharge voltage set value, the discharge lower limit voltage value and a variation in time, it is possible to calculate the attenuation value for the electric current in advance, at least one temperature value within a given target temperature range. At this time, the damping current value is a current value for substantially increase the time remaining to reach the lower limit voltage, the discharge voltage of the battery 10 in the voltage plunge period. The target temperature range, may be to a predetermined target curve corresponding to the model. For example, when the target temperature range of 0 to 20 degrees, the controller 140 may calculate a current value for the attenuation of 10 degrees in the target temperature range.
[95]
Particularly, the discharge voltage setting value and the discharge lower limit voltage value will to a predetermined, time variation, because that is the only determined by the discharge curve model, the control unit 140 using a predetermined mathematical algorithm, the discharge voltage setting value, the discharge lower limit voltage value and the time variation can be obtained a damping current. For example, with respect to any of the target curve model, time change amount and the current value of the attenuation it may have a proportional relationship.
[96]
[97]
Preferably, the control unit 140 is a maximum discharge current value and the at least two different factors to further based, it can be used to calculate the current value of the attenuation curve for the target temperature for each model. Here, the maximum discharge current value may be a curve corresponding to the target model. For example, the maximum discharge current value when the target curve model corresponding to a state of charge of 15% is 359A, while the maximum discharge current value when corresponding to more than 20% charged state is 360A. In addition, one of the two or more different factor is the internal resistance of the battery, and the other may be a maximum change in resistance of the battery.
[98]
According to one embodiment, the controller 140 attenuates the current value I to the target curve model using Equation 2 below D_ derate may determine.
[99]
Equation (2)
[100]
[101]
In Equation 2, I D_max is the maximum discharge current value, V min is a discharge lower limit voltage, V D_set is discharged set voltage, R 0 is an internal resistance value, Δt D and the variation in time, (dR / dt) D_max is the maximum resistance change ratio, I D_ derate is a damping current.
[102]
Here, R 0 and (dR / dt) D_max are two factors which may be other value is assigned by the controller 140 depending on the temperature of the battery (10).
[103]
For example, when the target curve model obtained from the state of charge of 20% of the battery 10, the control unit 140 R in the formula (2) from Table 1 and Table 2, below 0 and (dR / dt) D_max the value to be assigned to the It can be determined.
[104]
TABLE 1
Temperature value (℃) An internal resistance value R 0
0 A
10 B
25 C
45 D

[105]
[106]
In Table 1, the internal resistance value is mapped to a relatively high temperature value is to be smaller than the internal resistance value is mapped to a relatively low temperature. For example, the internal resistance value associated with the table 10 Fig. 1 B is greater than the internal resistance value associated with a 45 ° D. In other words, A> B> satisfies the relationship C> D. Relationship between the temperature and the internal resistance value that is defined as shown in Table 1 are in a format such as a look-up table may be stored in advance in the memory section 150.

Claims

[Claim 1]First, but stores a plurality of the discharge curve model, including a first discharge curve model associated with a state of charge value, the first discharge curve model, the voltage with time of the battery having the first state of charge value under the first discharge conditions a memory unit for defining a change; And it is possibly connected in communication with the memory unit, a control unit configured to be called the first discharge curve model stored in the memory unit; including, but the control section, the first discharge curve of the first discharge curve model from a model said fixed above the discharge lower limit voltage value of the battery discharge voltage setting value from the first time to meet calculate a first time variation amount to the second point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, and the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge setting voltage values, and based on the first variation in time, first calculates a first attenuation current value for the temperature value, said first attenuated current value for the first maximum discharge current value is mapped to the first state of charge value to calculate a first current attenuation ratio indicating the relative size, and associating the first current attenuation ratio of the first state of charge value and the first temperature value of the notes The battery management unit, which stores the unit.
[Claim 2]
The method of claim 1, wherein, the first maximum of the discharge current value, the first a-factor and a second factor to a more basic, but output the first attenuated current value, wherein the first factor is the first temperature value and a first internal resistance of the battery, and the second factor is the first maximum rate of change of resistance, the battery management unit of the battery is mapped to the first temperature value is mapped to.
[Claim 3]
The method of claim 2, wherein, to use the equation (1), but calculating the first attenuation current, Equation 1 In Equation 1, I D_max is the first maximum discharge current value and , V min is the discharge lower limit voltage, V D_set is the discharge setting voltage, R 0 is the first, and the internal resistance value, Δt D is the first time change, (dR / dt) D_max is the first and the maximum resistance change ratio, I D_ derate the battery management apparatus of the first attenuated current value.
[Claim 4]
The method of claim 2, wherein, the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value, the first time change amount, the a third factor, and based on the fourth factor, the second attenuated current value for the second temperature value but calculated, and the third factor is a second internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the second temperature value, wherein the fourth factor is the second maximum change in resistance of said battery is mapped to the second temperature value, the first maximum discharge and calculating the second current decay ratio indicating the relative size of the second damping current value for current value, associating the second current decay rate in the first state of charge value and the second temperature value by the battery management unit, for storing in the memory unit.
[Claim 5]
The method of claim 1, wherein the memory unit, the first state of charge value and is, but save the second discharge curve model associated with a second, different state of charge value and the second state of charge value further, the second discharge curve model the first under the second discharge condition of intersection with the second positive voltage change in the battery life, and has a state of charge value, the control section, the second discharge curve model, the second discharge curve model, the discharge voltage setting value from from the third point, calculating a second time variation amount to the fourth point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, and the discharge lower limit voltage value, based on the discharge voltage setting value and the second time change amount, the third to the temperature value 3 and calculates a damping current, the second output of the third current attenuation ratio indicating the relative magnitude of said third current attenuation value for the second maximum discharge current value map to the state of charge value, and , The first associate a third current decay rate in the second state of charge value and the third temperature value of the battery management unit, for storing in the memory unit.
[Claim 6]
The method of claim 5, wherein, said second maximum discharge current value, the 5-factor and the sixth factor with more base, the first, but produce a third attenuated current value, and the fifth factor is the third temperature value and a third internal resistance of the battery, the sixth factor is the third third of the maximum change in resistance, the battery management system of the battery temperature value is mapped to the mapping.
[Claim 7]
The method of claim 6, wherein, the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value and the second delta time, the seventh on the basis of the factor and the eighth factor, the fourth the fourth damping current value for the temperature value but calculated, and the seventh factor is the fourth internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the fourth temperature value, the eighth factor, the fourth the maximum change in resistance of the battery corresponding to the fourth temperature value, It said second maximum discharge and calculating the fourth fourth current represents the relative size of the damping current attenuation ratio of the current value, and associating the fourth current decay rate in the second state of charge value and the fourth temperature value by the battery management unit, for storing in the memory unit.
[Claim 8]
The method of claim 7, wherein, said second temperature value and the third when the temperature values ​​are the same, the representative of the second current decay rate and the third temperature to the larger of the third current attenuation factor value battery management system, to set the attenuation ratio.
[Claim 9]
The method of claim 8, wherein the voltage measurement unit for measuring a discharge voltage of the battery; A current measuring unit for measuring a current of the battery; And a temperature measuring section for measuring a temperature of the battery; further comprising, wherein, based on said voltage measurement section, the current measurement unit and voltage values ​​to be measured by the temperature measuring unit, the current value and the temperature value and estimating the current state of charge value of said battery, representing the voltage of the battery a obtains the representative attenuation ratio map to not more than the discharge voltage setting value, the current state of charge from the memory unit value and the temperature value, the obtained using an attenuation ratio, the battery management unit, which determines the upper limit value of the discharge current of the battery.
[Claim 10]
The method of claim 1, wherein the memory unit includes pre-storing the predetermined plurality of safety reference value more, and wherein the controller, in advance according to a predetermined rule, and sequentially assigned to said plurality of safety reference value, the discharge voltage setting value, each of the safety standard value in the state it is set to the set discharge voltage value, the battery management unit, for calculating the first current decay rate.
[Claim 11]
First, but stores a plurality of charge curve models, including a first charging curve model associated with a state of charge value and the first charging curve model voltage with time of the battery having the first state of charge value under a first charge condition a memory unit for defining a change; And is possibly connected in communication with the memory unit, the first control unit is configured to be called a charge curve model stored in the memory unit; including, but the control section, the first charging curve of the first charge curve model from a model calculate the first time change amount from the first point of intersection with charging upper limit voltage than the low fixed charge setting voltage value of said battery to a second point of intersection with the charging upper limit voltage value, the charge upper limit voltage value, the charging set voltage values, and based on the first variation in time, first calculates a first attenuation current value for the temperature value, said first attenuated current value for the first maximum charging current value is mapped to the first state of charge value to calculate a first current attenuation ratio indicating the relative size, and associating the first current attenuation ratio of the first state of charge value and the first temperature value of the notes The battery management unit, which stores the unit.
[Claim 12]
Of the pre-plurality of the discharge curve model is stored, the first comprising the steps of calling the first discharge curve model associated with a state of charge value, the first discharge curve model of the battery having the first state of charge value under the first discharge conditions a step to define the voltage variation with time; It said first discharge a first time variation amount from the first time point from the curve model is the first discharge curve model of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage higher than predetermined discharge Setting voltage value of said battery to a second point of intersection with the discharge lower limit voltage value, calculating; The method comprising: calculating a first attenuation current values ​​for the discharge lower limit voltage value, the discharge voltage setting value, the first time change, a 1-factor, and based on the second factor, the first temperature value, the first factor is a first internal resistance of said battery is mapped to the first temperature value, the second factor is the first step up to the change in resistance of said battery is mapped to the first temperature value; Calculating a first current attenuation ratio indicating the relative magnitude of said first current attenuation value for the first maximum discharge current value is mapped to the first state of charge value; And a step of associating the first current attenuation ratio of the first state of charge value and the first temperature value stored in the memory unit; , Battery management comprises a.