Title of invention: battery management device
Technical field
[One]
This application is an application for claiming priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0030711 filed on March 18, 2019, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the application are incorporated herein by reference.
[2]
The present invention relates to a battery management apparatus, and more particularly, to a battery management apparatus that changes a control condition according to a deterioration pattern in a charging situation of a battery cell.
Background
[3]
In recent years, as the demand for portable electronic products such as notebook computers, video cameras, portable telephones, etc. is rapidly increasing, and development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, satellites, etc., There is an active research on the Korean market.
[4]
Currently commercialized batteries include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydride batteries, nickel zinc batteries, and lithium batteries, among which lithium batteries have little memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so charging and discharging are free and self-discharge rate is very high. It is in the spotlight for its low and high energy density advantage.
[5]
In recent years, as the application range of secondary batteries is expanded, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small portable devices including smart phones, but also in mid- to large-sized devices such as electric vehicles and power storage devices including hybrid vehicles.
[6]
In the case of such a secondary battery, as the use period increases, the performance deteriorates from the initial stage. In addition, estimating the degree of performance degradation of the secondary battery is said to estimate the state of health (SOH) of the secondary battery, and the SOH of the secondary battery is an important factor in determining the replacement timing of the secondary battery.
[7]
Conventionally, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery is measured, and the current flowing into the battery is accumulated until the battery is fully charged, and the accumulated current amount and the measured OCV value are used to fully charge the battery. An apparatus and method for calculating the capacity have been disclosed (Patent Document 1).
[8]
However, Patent Document 1 only discloses a configuration for determining the degree of deterioration as to how much deterioration of the battery afterwards by measuring the loss of the battery's full charge capacity. A configuration for changing battery control conditions according to specific information and the degree of deterioration of the battery has not been disclosed.
[9]
Therefore, Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it does not provide any specific information for determining the state of the battery at a future point in time, such as a predicted deterioration rate or a predicted life of the battery. In addition, Patent Document 1 only discloses a configuration for measuring the complete charge capacity of a battery, and there is a problem in that a configuration for changing a control condition according to a battery state is not disclosed at all.
[10]
(Patent Document 1) KR 10-2016-0011448 A
Detailed description of the invention
Technical challenge
[11]
The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and provides more detailed information on the deterioration of the battery cells, and controls the charging of the battery cells by changing the control conditions of the battery cells according to the degree of deterioration of the battery cells. It is an object to provide a battery management device capable of.
[12]
Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and will be more clearly understood by examples of the present invention. In addition, it will be easily understood that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means shown in the claims and combinations thereof.
Means of solving the task
[13]
A battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage when a battery cell is charged, and measure an open circuit voltage of the battery cell whenever the measured voltage reaches a reference charging voltage; And receiving the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit, calculating at least one of a voltage fluctuation rate or a resistance fluctuation rate based on a result of processing the received open circuit voltage, and when the voltage fluctuation rate is calculated, the calculated A voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined based on the voltage fluctuation rate and the previously stored voltage fluctuation data, and when the resistance fluctuation rate is calculated, a resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined based on the calculated resistance fluctuation rate and the previously stored resistance fluctuation data, and the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and A control unit configured to determine a degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell according to at least one of the resistance increase/decrease patterns and to change a preset control condition based on the determined deterioration acceleration degree.
[14]
The control unit, only when at least one of a first degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern and a second degree of degeneration acceleration determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration It can be configured to change the control conditions.
[15]
The preset control condition may include at least one or more of a seed rate and a charging end voltage set for the battery cell.
[16]
When the first degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern is acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration, the control unit uses the open circuit voltage of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern as a reference open-circuit voltage. And calculates a voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference open voltage and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit, and the calculated voltage comparison value is converted according to a preset voltage conversion criterion based on the voltage conversion value. It may be configured to change at least one or more of a slate and a charging end voltage.
[17]
The preset voltage conversion criterion includes a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate rate, and a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the charging end voltage. 2 Voltage conversion criteria may be included.
[18]
The control unit obtains a first voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to the first voltage conversion criterion, changes the stalk rate according to the obtained first voltage conversion value, and the calculated voltage A second voltage conversion value obtained by converting the comparison value according to the second voltage conversion criterion may be obtained, and the charging end voltage may be changed according to the obtained second voltage conversion value.
[19]
The control unit may be configured to change the preset voltage conversion criterion only when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate and charging end voltage is changed.
[20]
The control unit is configured to return the preset voltage conversion standard to the voltage conversion standard before the change only when it is determined that the first deterioration acceleration degree is linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset voltage conversion standard is changed I can.
[21]
The control unit is based on the resistance change rate of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined resistance increase or decrease pattern only when the second deterioration acceleration degree determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration. Set as a resistance change rate, calculate a resistance comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference resistance change rate and the calculated resistance change rate, and calculate the calculated resistance comparison value based on a resistance conversion value converted according to a preset resistance conversion criterion. Alternatively, it may be configured to change at least one or more of the charging end voltage.
[22]
The preset resistance conversion criterion includes a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate and a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the charging end voltage. 2 Resistance conversion criteria may be included.
[23]
The control unit obtains a first resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the first resistance conversion criterion, changes the slate according to the obtained first resistance conversion value, and the calculated resistance A second resistance conversion value obtained by converting the comparison value according to the second resistance conversion criterion may be obtained, and the charging end voltage may be changed according to the obtained second resistance conversion value.
[24]
The control unit may be configured to change the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate or charging end voltage is changed.
[25]
The control unit is configured to return the preset resistance conversion criterion to the resistance conversion criterion before the change only when the second deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset resistance conversion criterion is changed. I can.
[26]
A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[27]
An electric vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Effects of the Invention
[28]
According to an aspect of the present invention, not only the degree of deterioration of the battery cell but also the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell is estimated, the current deterioration state of the battery cell can be more accurately estimated, as well as the future deterioration state of the battery cell. There is an advantage that the prediction can be made more accurately.
[29]
In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, since the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell is determined by being subdivided into acceleration deterioration, deceleration degeneration, and linear degeneration, there is an advantage that the degree of deterioration progress of the battery cell can be determined in more detail.
[30]
Further, according to an aspect of the present invention, since the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell is measured through various indicators, there is an advantage that the degree of progression of battery deterioration can be more accurately determined or predicted.
[31]
In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, since information on the degree of deterioration acceleration based on the open circuit voltage of the battery cell and the degree of degeneration acceleration based on the internal resistance are provided, there is an advantage in that more detailed state information of the battery cell is provided. have.
[32]
The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.
Brief description of the drawing
[33]
Since the following drawings attached to the present specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with a detailed description of the present invention to be described later, the present invention is limited to the matters described in such drawings and should not be interpreted.
[34]
1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery pack including a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[35]
2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[36]
3 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[37]
4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[38]
5 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[39]
6 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of another section among voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[40]
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view illustrating another section of voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[41]
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage fluctuation rates of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[42]
9 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[43]
10 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[44]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a section of a resistance variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[45]
12 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a process of determining an acceleration degree of deterioration of a battery cell based on a voltage change rate in a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
[46]
13 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a process of determining a degree of acceleration of deterioration of a battery cell based on a resistance change rate in a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
Mode for carrying out the invention
[47]
The terms or words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, and the inventor may appropriately define the concept of terms in order to describe his own invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as a meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of ​​the present invention based on the principle that there is.
[48]
Accordingly, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all the technical spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.
[49]
In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the subject matter of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[50]
Terms including an ordinal number, such as first and second, are used for the purpose of distinguishing one of various elements from the others, and are not used to limit the elements by such terms.
[51]
Throughout the specification, when a certain part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary. In addition, terms such as a control unit described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
[52]
In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" with another part, it is not only "directly connected", but also "indirectly connected" with another element interposed therebetween. Includes.
[53]
[54]
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[55]
1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery pack including a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[56]
Referring to FIG. 1, a battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is electrically connected to a battery module 10 including a plurality of battery cells 11 to each of a plurality of battery cells 11. Can be managed. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 may estimate the states of the plurality of battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10 and adjust the control conditions of each of the battery cells 11 based on the estimated states. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 may be included in the battery pack 1000 together with the battery module 10. 1 illustrates an example in which one battery module 10 and one battery management device 100 are included in the battery pack 1000, but the battery module 10 and the battery management device included in the battery pack 1000 The number of (100) is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, the number of battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1.
[57]
A detailed configuration of the battery management apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[58]
Referring to FIG. 2, the battery management apparatus 100 may include a voltage measurement unit 101 and a control unit 103.
[59]
The voltage measuring unit 101 may be configured to measure the voltage of the battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10. That is, the voltage measuring unit 101 may be configured to measure the voltage of each of the battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10. Preferably, the voltage measuring unit 101 may be configured to measure the charging voltage of the battery cell 11.
[60]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the battery management apparatus 100 includes a first battery cell C1, a second battery cell C2, a third battery cell C3 and The voltage when the fourth battery cell C4 is charged may be measured.
[61]
Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 101 measures the voltage of the first battery cell C1 through the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2, and The voltage of the second battery cell C2 may be measured through the sensing line SL3. In addition, the voltage measurement unit 101 measures the voltage of the third battery cell C3 through the third sensing line SL3 and the fourth sensing line SL4, and performs a fourth sensing line SL4 and a fifth sensing line. The voltage of the fourth battery cell C4 may be measured through the line SL5.
[62]
The voltage measurement unit 101 may measure an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery cell 11. That is, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure both the voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage. In particular, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage of each battery cell 11 whenever the measured voltage reaches the reference charging voltage.
[63]
Here, the reference charging voltage may be a voltage previously set and stored by a user or the like so that the voltage measuring unit 101 can measure the open circuit voltage. That is, the reference charging voltage is a reference value for measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 by the voltage measuring unit 101, and when the voltage measuring unit 101 should measure the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 If you can provide that timing. For example, the predetermined voltage may be set to 4.2V. The voltage measurement unit 101 measures voltages of the plurality of battery cells 11, and calculates the open circuit voltage of the corresponding battery cells 11 whenever the measured voltage of each battery cell 11 reaches a predetermined voltage. Can be measured.
[64]
For example, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is assumed that for each of the battery cells 11, the reference charging voltage is set to V1 [V]. In this case, the voltage measurement unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 when the voltage of the first battery cell C1 reaches V1[V] by charging. Similarly, when the voltage of the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, or the fourth battery cell C4 reaches V1[V], the voltage measuring unit 101 reaches V1[V]. The open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 can be measured.
[65]
The control unit 103 may receive the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. The control unit 103 is configured to exchange electrical signals with the voltage measurement unit 101 inside the battery management apparatus 100, and may receive the measured open circuit voltage from the voltage measurement unit 101.
[66]
The controller 103 may calculate a voltage fluctuation rate and/or an electric resistance fluctuation rate based on a result of processing the received open circuit voltage. That is, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage fluctuation rate or a resistance fluctuation rate based on the received open circuit voltage, and may calculate both the voltage fluctuation rate and the resistance fluctuation rate.
[67]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 103 receives the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 from the voltage measurement unit 101, and receives the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1. At least one or more of a voltage variation rate and a resistance variation rate of the first battery cell C1 may be calculated based on the voltage. Similarly, the control unit 103 receives the open circuit voltage of each of the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 from the voltage measurement unit 101, and receives the received open circuit voltage. At least one or more of a voltage variation rate and a resistance variation rate of each of the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 may be calculated according to the voltage.
[68]
When the voltage variation rate is calculated, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated voltage variation rate and pre-stored voltage variation rate data. Here, the voltage fluctuation rate data is reference data for comparison with the calculated voltage fluctuation rate, and may be stored in advance.
[69]
The controller 103 may update the previously stored voltage fluctuation data by adding the calculated voltage fluctuation rate to the previously stored voltage fluctuation data. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the updated voltage change rate data.
[70]
For example, the previously stored voltage fluctuation rate data may be data in which a voltage fluctuation rate calculated in the past by the controller 103 is stored. In this case, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on all voltage fluctuation rates calculated from a cycle time point at which the reference voltage is calculated.
[71]
The voltage increase/decrease pattern may include various patterns such as a voltage increase pattern, a voltage decrease pattern, or a voltage constant pattern. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, it will be described that the voltage increase/decrease pattern includes a voltage increase pattern and a voltage decrease pattern, and the voltage increase pattern includes a voltage constant pattern excluding the voltage decrease pattern.
[72]
In addition, when the resistance variation rate is calculated, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance variation rate and previously stored resistance variation rate data. Here, the previously stored resistance variation rate data is reference data for comparison with the calculated resistance variation rate, and may be previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[73]
The control unit 103 may update the previously stored resistance fluctuation data by adding the calculated resistance fluctuation rate to the previously stored resistance fluctuation data. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the updated resistance change rate data.
[74]
For example, the previously stored resistance variation rate data may be data in which the resistance variation rate calculated in the past by the control unit 103 is stored. In this case, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on all resistance change rates calculated after a predetermined cycle time point in which the reference resistance is calculated.
[75]
The resistance increase/decrease pattern may include various patterns such as a resistance increase pattern, a resistance decrease pattern, or a resistance constant pattern. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it will be described that the resistance increase/decrease pattern includes a resistance increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern, and the resistance increase pattern includes a resistance constant pattern excluding the resistance decrease pattern.
[76]
The controller 103 may be configured to determine a degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to at least one of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern. That is, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined, the controller 103 may determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern. In addition, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined, the controller 103 may determine a degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern. Here, the degree of acceleration of deterioration may be information indicating whether the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is getting faster or slower.
[77]
For example, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 and determine a degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and may determine a degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 according to the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern.
[78]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset control condition based on the determined degree of deterioration acceleration. Here, the preset control conditions may be preset for each battery cell 11. For example, the preset control conditions may be set in advance when the battery cell 11 is shipped or initially operated. That is, a preset control condition may be set for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4.
[79]
When the degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11, the controller 103 may change a preset control condition based on the determined degree of deterioration acceleration.
[80]
In addition, when the degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11, the controller 103 may change a preset control condition based on the determined degree of deterioration acceleration.
[81]
That is, the battery cell 11 determines the degree of deterioration acceleration based on any one of a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern, and if the determined degree of degeneration acceleration is a specific deterioration acceleration, the control unit controls the battery cell 11 in advance. Conditions can be changed.
[82]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 103 determines the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and the first battery cell C1 You can change the control conditions preset in ). In addition, the control unit 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1 according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 and change a control condition preset for the first battery cell C1. have. Similarly, the control unit 103 also applies to the third battery cell C3 and the fourth battery cell C4 based on the degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern and/or the resistance increase/decrease pattern. ) And the fourth battery cell C4, respectively, preset control conditions may be changed.
[83]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not determine only the degree of deterioration based on the current state of the battery cell 11, but aggregates the past history to determine the rate at which the current battery cell 11 is deteriorating. Can be judged. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides information for estimating the state of the battery cell 11 at a future point in time, so as to predict the life of the battery cell 11 or determine the future state. It has the advantage of being able to provide helpful information.
[84]
In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention increases and decreases the degree of acceleration of deterioration and resistance of the battery cell 11 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in the charging situation By providing all the degree of acceleration of deterioration according to the pattern, there is an advantage of providing more detailed state information on the battery cell 11.
[85]
In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention accurately determines the current state of the battery cell 11, so that the battery cell 11 has a longer lifespan. It has the advantage of being able to take action to change it.
[86]
[87]
In particular, the control unit 103 may independently determine the degree of deterioration acceleration for each of the battery cells 11 and change a preset control condition for each of the battery cells 11. For example, the control unit 103 may have a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern for the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4, respectively. At least one or more of them may be determined.
[88]
In addition, the control unit 103 provides a first battery cell for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. The degree of acceleration of degeneration can be judged.
[89]
In addition, the control unit 103 has a second degeneration for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 according to the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern. You can also judge the degree of acceleration.
[90]
Based on the determined first deterioration acceleration degree and the second deterioration acceleration degree, the control unit 103 is configured to perform a first battery cell (C1), a second battery cell (C2), a third battery cell (C3), and a fourth battery cell ( C4) Each preset control condition can be changed.
[91]
That is, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can independently determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of each of the battery cells 11, the degree of deterioration and the degree of deterioration acceleration of each of the battery cells 11 There is an advantage of being able to determine and further predict the life of each of the battery cells 11.
[92]
Specifically, the battery management device 100 can calculate the loss capacity by measuring the open circuit voltage of each of the battery cells 11 to calculate the degree of deterioration of each of the battery cells 11, as well as the battery cell 11 It is possible to determine the degree of acceleration of degeneration as to how quickly each degeneration is taking place. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 can estimate the degree of deterioration of each of the battery cells 11 in the future according to the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cells 11, and control each of the battery cells 11 according to the estimated degree of deterioration. It has the advantage of being able to adjust the conditions.
[93]
For example, even the battery cells 11 of the same product line may not have exactly the same usable capacity due to problems such as initial resistance variation or capacity variation. For example, it is assumed that the set capacity of the battery cell is 1000 mAh at the time of shipment, but the initial capacity of the first battery cell C1 is 900 mAh, and the initial capacity of the second battery cell C2 is 1000 mAh. When the current usable capacity of the first battery cell C1 and the second battery cell C2 becomes the same as 800 mAh due to use for the same period, the first battery cell C1 and the second battery cell C2 are the same. Although they have usable capacity, determining that the deterioration degree of the two battery cells 11 is the same due to the difference in initial capacity cannot be regarded as an accurate state estimation of the battery cells 11.
[94]
In addition, even if the degree of degeneration of the first battery cell C1 is approximately 11% and the degree of deterioration of the second battery cell C2 is calculated as 20%, the calculated degree of degeneration is the first according to the current capacity compared to the initial capacity. It is an indicator that indicates only the current state of each of the battery cells C1 and C2, and is only meaningful, and the degree of acceleration of deterioration or acceleration of deterioration of the current first and second battery cells C1 and C2 It is not suitable as a predictive index for future situations such as the expected lifespan according to
[95]
That is, the ratio of the current capacity to the initial capacity of the battery cell 11 is only an index to determine the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 ex post, and the degree of acceleration of the deterioration of the battery cell 11, the rate of deterioration in the future, or an estimate. There is a problem that it is not appropriate to be used as an index to judge lifespan, etc.
[96]
On the other hand, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can accurately determine the current state of the battery cell 11 by determining the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the current battery cell 11.
[97]
In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 may change a control condition preset for the battery cell 11 by using the determined degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus can control charging of the battery cell 11 so that the battery cell 11 is not overcharged by optimizing the control condition set in the battery cell 11.
[98]
[99]
Here, the control unit 103 includes a processor known in the art, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, and logic in order to execute various control logics performed in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, and the like may be optionally included. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 103 may be implemented as a set of program modules. In this case, the program module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be inside or outside the processor, and may be connected to the processor by various well-known means. For example, the control unit 103 is a processor provided in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and determines the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 through an output device such as a display device. It can be provided to the user. In addition, the controller 103 may provide a replacement or warning notification of the battery cell 11 to the user through an external notification device based on the degree of acceleration of the deterioration of the battery cell 11.
[100]
[101]
In addition, referring to FIG. 2, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a storage unit 105. The storage unit 105 may store the voltage fluctuation rate data and the resistance fluctuation rate data. That is, the storage unit 105 may store voltage fluctuation rate data and resistance fluctuation rate data calculated from the control unit 103 in the past. The control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on the voltage change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on the resistance change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[102]
That is, in the storage unit 105, each component of the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as past voltage fluctuation data and resistance fluctuation data calculated by the control unit 103, performs operations and functions. You can save necessary data or programs. If the storage unit 105 is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating and reading data, there is no particular limitation on its type. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, register, and the like. The storage unit 105 may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit 103 are defined.
[103]
[104]
The controller 103 may determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern, and determine a second degree of degeneration acceleration according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern. Here, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is a degree of degeneration acceleration that is separate from the first degree of degeneration acceleration, and the controller 103 may not consider the second degree of degeneration acceleration in the process of calculating the first degree of degeneration acceleration. Conversely, the control unit 103 may not consider the first degree of deterioration acceleration in the process of calculating the second degree of deterioration acceleration.
[105]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the controller 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and a first deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 based on the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. You can judge the degree. Also, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 independent of the first degree of degeneration acceleration based on the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern.
[106]
Specifically, in the discharge situation of the battery cell 11, the open circuit voltage may have an influence on the change factor of the resistance. For example, when the battery cell 11 is discharged, since the increase or decrease of the open circuit affects the increase or decrease of the resistance, the increase or decrease of the open circuit voltage and the increase or decrease of the resistance may appear oppositely. That is, in the discharge situation, the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 should be determined in consideration of the specificity of the open circuit voltage affecting the resistance change factor of the battery cell 11. However, in the charging situation, since the increase or decrease of the open circuit voltage and the increase or decrease of the resistance of the battery cell 11 are independent factors that do not affect each other, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of deterioration acceleration based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern. Alternatively, the second degree of deterioration acceleration may be determined based on the resistance increase/decrease pattern independently from the first degree of deterioration acceleration.
[107]
The controller 103 may determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as one of acceleration deterioration, linear deterioration, or deceleration deterioration according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern or resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. Here, the accelerated deterioration is a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is gradually accelerated, and the linear deterioration refers to a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is not accelerated gradually like the accelerated deterioration, but continues linearly and constant. . On the contrary, deceleration deterioration refers to a state in which deterioration of the battery cell 11 is gradually progressing slowly.
[108]
The control unit 103 sets a preset control condition only when at least one of the first degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the second degree of degeneration acceleration determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined to be accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration. Can be configured to change. For example, the controller 103 may be configured not to change a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 when determining that both the first deterioration acceleration degree and the second deterioration acceleration degree are deceleration deterioration.
[109]
That is, the first degree of deterioration acceleration and the second degree of degeneration acceleration are independent of each other, but they are the same in that they are indicators that the control unit 103 determines to change a preset control condition. Accordingly, the control unit 103 may be configured to change a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 only when it is determined that either of the first degree of deterioration acceleration and the second degree of degeneration acceleration is determined to be accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration. .
[110]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention considers the specificity of a charging situation in which the open circuit voltage and resistance do not affect each other, and the degree of acceleration of deterioration based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the deterioration based on the resistance increase/decrease pattern. You can judge the degree of acceleration altogether. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 changes the control condition of the battery cell 11 based on the determined degree of deterioration acceleration, so that the control condition optimized for the battery cell 11 is determined based on the state information of the battery cell 11. There is an advantage that can be set.
[111]
[112]
In the above, in the charging situation of the battery cell 11, the control unit 103 determines the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 based on each of the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and the battery cell based on the determined deterioration acceleration degree. The process of changing the preset control conditions for (11) has been briefly described. Hereinafter, the content of the control unit 103 determining the degree of deterioration acceleration and changing a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 based on the determined deterioration acceleration degree will be described in detail.
[113]
First, the determination of the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern and change of a preset control condition will be described.
[114]
The controller 103 may calculate a voltage variation rate by comparing the received open circuit voltage with a pre-stored reference voltage. Here, the pre-stored reference voltage is a reference value for comparison with the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101 and may be a value previously stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the reference voltage is pre-stored in the storage unit 105, and the control unit 103 compares the reference voltage previously stored in the storage unit 105 with the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measurement unit 101 to obtain a voltage fluctuation rate. Can be calculated.
[115]
For example, the pre-stored reference voltage may include the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured at a predetermined cycle time. The voltage fluctuation rate may be obtained by comparing a pre-stored reference voltage with an open circuit voltage received from the voltage measurement unit 101 by the control unit 103. In particular, the voltage variation rate may be calculated as a ratio or difference between a previously stored reference voltage and a measured value of the open circuit voltage. That is, the control unit 103 receives the open circuit voltage measured from the voltage measurement unit 101 in a cycle after the predetermined cycle time point, and calculates the ratio of the received open circuit voltage to a pre-stored reference voltage as a voltage change rate. can do.
[116]
For example, it is assumed that the reference voltage previously stored for the first battery cell C1 is A1[V]. In addition, it is assumed that the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 at the first time point is B1[V]. The control unit 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 at the first time point as a difference between A1[V] and B1[V]. For example, the voltage fluctuation rate of the first battery cell C1 at the first time point may be calculated by a calculation formula of “B1-A1[V]”. As another example, the voltage change rate at the first point in time of the first battery cell C1 may be calculated by a calculation formula of “(B1 ÷ A1)×100”. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the voltage fluctuation rate is limited to the one calculated by the calculation formula of B1-A1.
[117]
Preferably, the pre-stored reference voltage may include an open circuit voltage when the battery cell 11 is charged at a predetermined cycle time and the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference charging voltage. Here, the predetermined cycle time is a time within a predetermined number of cycles from the beginning of life (BOL), and may be, for example, the first charging time after shipment of the battery cell 11.
[118]
For example, it is assumed that the reference charging voltage is set to 4.2V. In this case, the voltage measurement unit 101 may measure the voltage in the initial charging process (initial state) of the first battery cell C1 and measure the open circuit voltage when the measured voltage reaches 4.2V. have.
[119]
Preferably, the pre-stored voltage fluctuation data may be configured to include a voltage fluctuation rate calculated by the control unit 103 whenever the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. That is, from the predetermined cycle time to the current time point, the voltage measurement unit 101 measures the open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference charging voltage by charging, and the control unit 103 May calculate a voltage variation rate according to the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit 101. In addition, the calculated voltage fluctuation rate may be included in the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[120]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 includes the voltage fluctuation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point to the N-1 time point. I can. Here, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and when N is 2, only the voltage variation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point may be included in the previously stored voltage variation rate data. When the voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 is calculated by the control unit 103 at the Nth time point, the voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the Nth time point is previously stored in the storage unit 105. It can be included in the voltage fluctuation rate data. In this case, the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 may include first to Nth voltage fluctuation rates.
[121]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on voltage change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 from a past point of time to a current point of time. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a degree of acceleration of deterioration of the current battery cell 11 based on pre-stored voltage fluctuation data that accumulates and stores the calculated voltage fluctuation rate. Therefore, there is an advantage in that it is possible to more accurately determine the degree of deterioration acceleration and degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 than the case of determining the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 only with the voltage change rate at a specific time point.
[122]
In addition, since the deterioration acceleration degree and deterioration degree determined in this way can be used as information for estimating the future state of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery cell ( 11) has the advantage of providing information to estimate the future state based on the degree of acceleration of deterioration as well as the past and present state.
[123]
[124]
The controller 103 may calculate a rate of change of a plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell 11 from among the previously stored voltage fluctuation data. Here, the voltage change rate may include an average rate of change or an instantaneous rate of change between voltage fluctuation rates. Further, the plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle may include a plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a preset number of cycles from the current cycle. For example, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of a plurality of voltage change rates included within 50 cycles from the current cycle. The calculation of the voltage change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
[125]
3 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 and 4, the storage unit 105 stores voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 and voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 every cycle. I can.
[126]
Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 3, a section including a preset number of cycles for the first battery cell C1 will be described as an In section. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, a section including a preset number of cycles for the second battery cell C2 will be described as a Jn section. Here, n is a positive integer.
[127]
For example, when the preset number of cycles is 50, the I1 section may include 0 to 50 cycles of the first battery cell C1, and the I2 section may include 51 to 100 cycles of the first battery cell C1. For convenience of explanation, it will be described that the 0 cycle of the first battery cell C1 is included in I1, and the 0 cycle of the second battery cell C2 is included in the J1 period.
[128]
For example, it is assumed that the number of cycles preset to be included in one section is 50. In FIG. 3, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is 300 cycles, the control unit 103 stores 251 to 300 cycles of the voltage change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 in the storage unit 105. The voltage fluctuation rate of each cycle belonging to the included section I6 can be extracted. That is, the control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the period I6 by comparing the voltage change rate of each cycle belonging to the period I6 of the first battery cell C1 with each other. Similarly, in FIG. 4, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 is 150 cycles, the control unit 103 includes 101 to 150 of the voltage change rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 in the storage unit 105. It is possible to extract the voltage fluctuation rate of each cycle in the J3 section including the cycle. The controller 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the period J3 by comparing the voltage change rates of each cycle in the period J3 of the second battery cell C2 with each other. Here, the voltage change rate means a specific value for the rate of change.
[129]
[130]
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, if the voltage change rate is greater than or equal to 0, it will be described as a positive rate of change, and if the voltage change rate is less than 0, it will be described as a negative rate of change. In addition, an example in which the control unit 103 calculates a voltage change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5.
[131]
5 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an enlarged view of the voltage variation rate included in the section I2 among the voltage variation rates calculated for the first battery cell C1.
[132]
Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 5, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of a voltage change rate included in a section in which the cycle of the current battery cell 11 belongs. In this case, the controller 103 may classify a section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs into a plurality of sub-sections based on a voltage change rate of a section in which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs.
[133]
Specifically, the control unit 103 converts one section into a plurality of sub-sections based on a cycle point at which the voltage change rate calculated within a section changes from a positive rate of change to a negative rate of change, or from a negative rate of change to a positive rate of change. Can be distinguished.
[134]
For example, in the example of FIG. 5, the control unit 103 may calculate an average rate of change for continuous cycles included in section I2 or an instantaneous rate of change for continuous cycles included in section I2. Specifically, based on 80 cycles, the voltage change rate of the I21 section may be calculated as a positive rate of change, and the I22 voltage change rate may be calculated as a negative rate of change. Accordingly, the controller 103 may divide the I2 section of the first battery cell C1 into an I21 section and an I22 section based on 80 cycles.
[135]
That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the control unit 103 may calculate a voltage change rate for each of the I21 and I22 sections by dividing the I2 section into I21 and I22 sections. In this way, the controller 103 may divide one section into sub sections and calculate a voltage change rate for each sub section.
[136]
6 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of another section among voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view illustrating another section of voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[137]
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the controller 103 may divide the I4 section and the I6 section into a plurality of sub-sections according to the calculated voltage change rate. That is, the controller 103 may divide the I4 section into I41, I42, I43, and I44 sub-sections, and the I6 section into I61 and I62 sub-sections.
[138]
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage fluctuation rates of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[139]
Referring to FIG. 8, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into a plurality of sub-sections according to the voltage change rate calculated for the second battery cell C2. That is, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into J11 and J12 sub-sections.
[140]
When calculating the rate of change between the voltage fluctuation rates included in the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs, the controller 103 may not calculate the rate of change by determining only one section to which the current cycle belongs. In addition, the control unit 103 determines a cycle time at which the voltage change rate changes from a positive rate of change to a negative rate of change, or from a negative rate of change to a positive rate of change, and the current cycle of the battery cell 11 is based on the determined cycle time. The section to which it belongs can be divided into sub sections.
[141]
In this way, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs to only one section, but divides the sub section into a voltage change rate according to the case. Since is calculated in more detail, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined.
[142]
Also, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated voltage change rate. Here, the voltage increase/decrease pattern may include a voltage increase pattern and a voltage decrease pattern. In particular, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase or decrease pattern when the calculated change rate is a positive change rate as the voltage increase pattern. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern when the calculated rate of change is a negative rate of change as the voltage decrease pattern.
[143]
For example, referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the control unit 103 determines the first battery cell C1 based on the voltage change rate included in the period I1. You can calculate the rate of voltage change of. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the section I1 as a value of 0 or more. That is, the voltage change rate of the I1 section may be calculated as a positive change rate. Further, the controller 103 may determine the current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as the voltage increase pattern based on the result of calculating the voltage change rate as a positive change rate. In addition, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I22 section of the I2 section, the controller 103 may calculate a negative rate of change based on the voltage variation rate included in the section. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as a voltage decrease pattern based on the calculated negative change rate.
[144]
For example, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 8, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J1 section, the controller 103 may calculate the voltage change rate based on the voltage change rate included in the J1 section. When the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J11 section, the controller 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the second battery cell C2 as a value greater than or equal to 0, and determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase pattern. have. Conversely, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the period J12, the controller 103 calculates the voltage change rate of the second battery cell C2 to a value less than 0, and the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage decrease pattern. Can be determined by
[145]
And, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J2 to J6, the control unit 103 calculates the voltage change rate of the second battery cell C2 as a negative change rate, and the calculated sound The voltage increase/decrease pattern of the current second battery cell C2 may be determined as the voltage decrease pattern based on the change rate of.
[146]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to more accurately estimate the current state of the battery cell 11 by considering not only the current state of the battery cell 11 but also the past state. have. In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention calculates a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the voltage change rate, the future state of the battery cell 11 There is an advantage of being able to provide information that is easy to estimate.
[147]
In addition, even within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle, by dividing the section in which the voltage change rate varies from negative to positive or from positive to negative into sub-sections to determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in more detail and detail, There is an advantage of being able to more accurately estimate the current state of the battery cell 11.
[148]
[149]
When determining the voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration.
[150]
For example, referring to FIG. 3 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the control unit 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into a voltage increase pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine a current degree of first deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as deceleration deterioration. That is, when determining the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 as the voltage increase pattern, the controller 103 may determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as only the deceleration deterioration.
[151]
Referring to FIG. 4 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J2 section, the controller 103 may determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 as the voltage decrease pattern. have. The controller 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the second battery cell C2 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the section J2 determined as the voltage decrease pattern.
[152]
That is, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage decrease pattern, the controller 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration based on the voltage change rate of the battery cell 11.
[153]
Conversely, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to omit the process of calculating the voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration as only deceleration deterioration.
[154]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention determines a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 by acceleration degeneration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration By subdividing and determining, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined and diagnosed.
[155]
In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern, the battery management apparatus 100 may not separately calculate the voltage change rate. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 determines the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration, only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the voltage increase pattern, and accelerates the deterioration of the battery cell 11 There is an advantage of saving the time required to determine the degree.
[156]
[157]
Accelerated deterioration and linear deterioration among the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 can be classified according to how fast the deterioration of the battery cell 11 progresses. Hereinafter, a classification criterion for accelerated deterioration and linear degeneration will be described.
[158]
When the calculated voltage change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference voltage change rate, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as linear deterioration.
[159]
Conversely, when the calculated voltage change rate is less than a preset reference voltage change rate, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as accelerated deterioration.
[160]
Here, the preset reference voltage change rate is a reference rate of change for determining the degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the voltage decrease pattern.
[161]
For example, the preset reference voltage change rate may be preset to decrease the voltage change rate by 1 mV every 50 cycles. 5, 6, and 8, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of the periods I22, I42, I44, or I62, the controller 103 is the first battery cell. The voltage change rate of the section to which the current cycle of (C1) belongs may be compared with a preset reference voltage change rate. If the voltage change rate of the section in which the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs is equal to or greater than the preset reference voltage change rate, the controller 103 determines that the voltage change rate is linearly deteriorated, and the voltage of the section to which the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs If the rate of change is less than the preset rate of change of the reference voltage, it may be determined as accelerated deterioration.
[162]
Similarly, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J12, J2, J3, J4, J5 or J6, the controller 103 2 The voltage change rate of the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell C2 belongs may be compared with a preset reference voltage change rate. Preferably, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J12, J2 to J6, the controller 103 The voltage change rate of the section to which the current cycle belongs may be compared with a preset reference voltage change rate.
[163]
Here, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into a J11 section and a J12 section based on the voltage change rate of the J1 section. In the process of calculating the voltage change rate of the J1 section, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into a J11 section and a J12 section based on a point at which the voltage increase/decrease pattern changes. Here, since the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the J11 section is a voltage increase pattern, and the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the J12 section is a voltage decrease pattern, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into J11 and J12 sections based on 25 cycles. That is, section J11 and section J12 may be sub-sections of section J1.
[164]
For example, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the section J11, the control unit 103 determines the second battery cell C2 based on the voltage change rate of the section to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs. The voltage increase/decrease pattern of may be determined as the voltage increase pattern. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 as deceleration deterioration.
[165]
As another example, it is assumed that the voltage change rates in the intervals J12, J2, and J3 are less than the preset voltage change rates, and the voltage change rates in the intervals J4, J5 and J6 are equal to or greater than the preset voltage change rates. If the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of periods J12, J2, or J3, the controller 103 may determine a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the second battery cell C2 as accelerated deterioration. . Conversely, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J4, J5, or J6, the control unit 103 determines the degree of acceleration of the first degradation of the second battery cell C2 as linear degradation. I can.
[166]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the degree of deterioration acceleration for the voltage increase pattern, but the preset reference voltage change rate and the period in which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs. By comparing the voltage change rate, the degree of deterioration acceleration can be determined by subdividing the degree into either accelerated deterioration or linear degeneration. Accordingly, there is an advantage that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be further subdivided and diagnosed in detail.
[167]
[168]
The controller 103 may be configured to determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 only when the voltage fluctuation rate calculated for the battery cell 11 exceeds a preset voltage lower limit and is less than a preset voltage upper limit. That is, the control unit 103 may determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern only when the voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 is within a certain range.
[169]
For example, when the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is greater than or equal to a preset upper limit value, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is increased above the reference value, and the battery cell 11 is abnormally degraded and a sudden drop risk ) May be present. In addition, when the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is less than or equal to a preset lower limit, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 decreases below the reference value due to an electric short or the like, and the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated. Can be Accordingly, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern for the case where the battery cell 11 is normally degraded, except for the case where the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated.
[170]
If the classification of the normal state or the abnormal state of the battery cell 11 is not processed in advance, the degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the abnormal state, and the battery control condition is adjusted according to the determined degree of deterioration acceleration, There is a problem that can further worsen the state of the battery cell 11.
[171]
Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention first classifies the state of the battery cell 11 into a normal state or an abnormal state, and then, only when the state of the battery cell 11 is a normal state, the voltage By determining the increase/decrease pattern and the degree of deterioration acceleration, there is an advantage in that the time required for determining the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 can be shortened and the accuracy of determining the state of the battery cell 11 can be improved.
[172]
[173]
As described above, the control unit 103 determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11, and sets a preset control condition to the battery cell 11 based on the determined first degree of degeneration acceleration. You can change it.
[174]
Preferably, the preset control condition may include at least one of a stalk rate (C-RATE) or a charging end voltage (Vmax) set for the battery cell 11. The preset control condition is preset for the battery cell 11 when the battery cell 11 is shipped or initially operated, and then, by the control unit 103 according to the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. can be changed. In addition, the preset control conditions may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[175]
For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a preset control condition may be set for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4. have.
[176]
In addition, the control unit 103 uses the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 previously measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is either acceleration degeneration or linear degeneration Can be set to. That is, the control unit 103 may not set the reference open-circuit voltage when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is deceleration deterioration.
[177]
First, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 and determine a first degree of degeneration acceleration according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. In addition, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is either acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern.
[178]
Here, the start cycle may be a starting point of the same voltage increase/decrease pattern while continuing with the current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 determined by the controller 103. That is, the control unit 103 is the best section determined by the same voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs among consecutive sections before the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs You can choose. In addition, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the selected best section.
[179]
For example, when the first deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 after the 0 cycle is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, and all voltage increase/decrease patterns of the battery cells 11 are determined as voltage decrease patterns, the start of the voltage decrease pattern. The cycle can be 0 cycles.
[180]
As another example, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 0 to 100 is a voltage increase pattern, and the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 101 to the current cycle is determined as a voltage decrease pattern, the voltage decrease pattern The starting cycle of may be 101 cycles. After the start cycle is selected, the controller 103 may set the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured in the selected start cycle as the reference open circuit voltage.
[181]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J6 section, the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the J11 section is the voltage increase pattern, and the voltage increase/decrease in the J12 to J6 section. Assume that all of the patterns are voltage reduction patterns. The control unit 103 may select the best section in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the same voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the J6 section among consecutive sections prior to section J6 to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs. . In this case, a section consecutive to section J6 among sections prior to section J6 is section J1 to J5. In addition, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the period J12 to J5 among the periods J1 to J5 is the same as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the period J6. Accordingly, the control unit 103 may select the J12 section as the best section. In addition, the controller 103 may set the open circuit voltage of the second battery cell C2 measured in the start cycle of section J12 as the reference open circuit voltage.
[182]
In addition, the control unit 103 may calculate a voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference open-circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit 101. For example, if the set reference open-circuit voltage is 4.2V and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit 101 is 4.21V, the controller 103 may calculate 0.01V as a voltage comparison value.
[183]
For example, as in the previous example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J6 section, and the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the J11 section is a voltage increase pattern, and from J12 to It is assumed that the voltage increase/decrease patterns in the J6 section are all voltage decrease patterns. The controller 103 may compare the open circuit voltage of the second battery cell C2, that is, the reference open-circuit voltage measured in the start cycle of the period J12, with the open circuit voltage measured in the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 . The controller 103 may calculate a difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage measured in the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 as a voltage comparison value.
[184]
In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change at least one of a stalk rate or a charging end voltage based on a voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset voltage conversion criterion. Here, the preset voltage conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the control unit 103 converts the calculated voltage comparison value into a converted value corresponding to the slate or charging end voltage, and changes the stalk or charging end voltage according to the converted value, Control conditions can be changed.
[185]
For example, the control unit 103 calculates a voltage comparison value that is the difference between the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, and calculates a converted value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset conversion criterion. , C-RATE of the battery cell 11 may be decelerated according to the calculated conversion value. For example, the control unit 103 decelerates the C-RATE of the battery cell 11 by 1% from the initially set C-RATE whenever the current open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 decreases by 1mV from the reference open-circuit voltage. I can. Here, the initially set C-RATE is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[186]
As another example, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage difference between the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, and may lower the charging end voltage of the battery cell 11 based on the calculated voltage difference. . For example, the control unit 103 may decrease the charging end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 1 mV from the initially set charging end voltage whenever the current open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 decreases by 1 mV from the reference open voltage. have. Here, the initially set charging end voltage is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[187]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may change a control condition preset for the battery cell 11 according to the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11. For example, even for the battery cells 11 produced through the same production facility, the state or specifications of the battery cells 11 such as usable capacity may be slightly different for various reasons.
[188]
For example, in a device including a plurality of battery cells 11 such as an electric vehicle, if the control conditions of the battery cells 11 are collectively changed according to the cycle or use period of the battery cells 11, the battery cells ( 11) A problem may arise where the optimal control conditions for each are not set.
[189]
Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention changes the control conditions preset for each of the battery cells 11 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of each of the battery cells 11, so that each of the battery cells 11 There is an advantage of being able to maintain the control conditions of the optimum conditions. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has an advantage of maintaining the life of the battery cell 11 for a longer time, and preventing fatal problems such as overdischarge in advance.
[190]
[191]
Preferably, the preset voltage conversion criterion is a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate rate, and a second voltage for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the charging end voltage. Conversion criteria may be included. In addition, the first voltage conversion criterion and the second voltage conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[192]
For example, the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to a stalk rate, and may convert a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a value corresponding to a stalk rate of 1%. That is, if the voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage of the current cycle is 1 mV, the control unit 103 calculates 1% as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first voltage conversion criterion. can do.
[193]
As another example, the second voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting the voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the charging end voltage, and may convert the voltage comparison value 1mV into a value corresponding to the charging end voltage, 1mV. That is, if the voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open-circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage of the current cycle is 1mV, the control unit 103 calculates 1mV as a value corresponding to the charging end voltage according to the second voltage conversion criterion. can do.
[194]
Specifically, the control unit 103 may be configured to obtain a first voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to the first voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the slate according to the obtained first voltage conversion value.
[195]
For example, as in the previous example, if 1% is calculated as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first voltage conversion criterion, the control unit 103 decelerates by 1%, which is the converted value obtained by calculating the slate of the battery cell 11 I can make it.
[196]
In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the charging end voltage according to the second voltage conversion value converted from the calculated voltage comparison value according to the second voltage conversion criterion. For example, if 1 mV is calculated as a value corresponding to the charging end voltage according to the second voltage conversion criterion, the control unit 103 may increase the converted value of the charging end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 1 mV.
[197]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is based on a voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, which is a preset control condition for the battery cell 11. At least one or more of a sheet rate and a charging end voltage may be changed. That is, since the reference open-circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is set based on the past voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is Based on the past voltage fluctuation rate, a control condition preset in the current battery cell 11 may be changed. Therefore, since the most optimized control condition is set for the current state of the battery cell 11, the deterioration of the battery cell 11 proceeds slowly, and the battery cell 11 can be used for a longer time.
[198]
[199]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset voltage conversion criterion only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate and the charging end voltage is changed. That is, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, the control unit 103 may change at least one of a control condition preset in the battery cell 11, such as a sill rate or a charging end voltage. . In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change a preset voltage conversion criterion only when it is determined that the first degree of deterioration acceleration is the acceleration deterioration.
[200]
For example, it is assumed that the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to the slate. do. The controller 103 may change the slate of the battery cell 11 according to the first voltage conversion criterion. In addition, since the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the first voltage conversion criterion. That is, the first voltage conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion in which a voltage comparison value of 1 mV is converted to a first voltage conversion value of 1%, and a voltage comparison value of 0.9 mV to a first voltage conversion value of 1%.
[201]
For example, it is assumed that the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 at the first point in time is the acceleration deterioration, the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 1 mV, and the initial thickness of the battery cell 11 is 100%. . Also, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to the slate rate. The controller 103 may decelerate the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 by 1% from 100% to 99% according to the first voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may change the first voltage conversion criterion to convert the voltage comparison value of 0.9 mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to the stalk rate. Thereafter, when the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the battery cell 11 is still determined to be accelerated deterioration at a second point in time consecutive to the first point of time, and the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is 0.9 mV, , The control unit 103 may further reduce the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 by 1% from 99% to 98% according to the changed first voltage conversion criterion.
[202]
For another example, the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the second voltage conversion criterion is to convert a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1mV corresponding to the charging end voltage. It is assumed to be the standard. The controller 103 may change the charging end voltage of the battery cell 11 according to the second voltage conversion criterion. In addition, since the degree of the first deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined as the acceleration deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the second voltage conversion criterion. That is, the second voltage conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV to a second voltage conversion value of 1mV, and a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 0.9mV to a second voltage conversion value of 1mV.
[203]
For example, at the first point in time, the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 1 mV, and the initial charging end voltage of the battery cell 11 is 4.2 V. It is assumed to be set. Also, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the second voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1mV corresponding to the charging end voltage. The controller 103 may decrease the charging end voltage set in the battery cell 11 by 1mV from 4.2V to 4.199V according to the second voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the controller 103 may change the second voltage conversion criterion to convert the voltage comparison value of 0.9 mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1 mV corresponding to the charging end voltage. Thereafter, when the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the battery cell 11 is still determined to be accelerated deterioration at a second point in time consecutive to the first point of time, and the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is 0.9 mV, , The controller 103 may further reduce the charging end voltage set in the battery cell 11 by 1 mV from 4.199 V to 4.198 V according to the changed second voltage conversion criterion.
[204]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not change the preset voltage conversion criterion when the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 is linear degeneration, but When the first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed, and a preset voltage conversion criterion may be changed. That is, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, since the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is rapidly progressing, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention Whenever a preset control condition is changed, a preset voltage conversion criterion is adjusted, thereby reducing a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and preventing rapid deterioration of the battery cell 11.
[205]
[206]
The controller 103 may be configured to return the preset voltage conversion criterion to the voltage conversion criterion before the change only when the first deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset voltage conversion criterion is changed. .
[207]
For example, the control unit 103 determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as an acceleration deterioration at a first time point, and changes a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 according to the first voltage conversion criterion, The first voltage conversion criterion can be changed. Thereafter, at a time point after the first time point, if the controller 103 determines the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the changed first voltage conversion criterion is converted to the voltage before the change at the first time point. Can be changed on a standard basis. That is, after the predetermined first voltage conversion criterion of the battery cell 11 is changed, if the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the rapid deterioration (acceleration deterioration) of the battery cell 11 Since is not in progress, the changed first voltage conversion criterion may be initialized to the original first voltage conversion criterion. Likewise, after the second voltage conversion criterion is changed, if the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the controller 103 sets the changed second voltage conversion criterion to the initially set second voltage. Can be initialized with conversion criteria.
[208]
That is, in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the degree of acceleration of the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, the battery cell 11 is in a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is rapidly progressing. The voltage conversion standard preset in (11) can be appropriately changed. Therefore, the control condition of the battery cell 11 can be set to be most optimized to the current state of the battery cell 11, and the risk of overdischarging or plunging of the battery cell 11 is reduced, so that the battery cell 11 is more It has the advantage of being safe and can be used for a long time.
[209]
[210]
In the above, in the charging situation of the battery cell 11, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern, and according to the determined first degree of degeneration acceleration, the battery cell 11 ), the contents of changing the preset control conditions have been described. Hereinafter, a content of determining a second degree of deterioration acceleration based on a resistance increase/decrease pattern and changing a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 according to the determined second degree of degeneration acceleration will be described in detail.
[211]
Here, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is a degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11, and, similar to the above-described first degree of degeneration acceleration, the control unit 103 performs any one of acceleration degeneration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration. It can be judged as one.
[212]
First, the control unit 103 may calculate the internal resistance of the battery cell 11 based on the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. For example, the controller 103 may calculate the current resistance of the battery cell 11 according to the calculation formula of "(|CCV EoC -OCV EoC |) ÷ i t1 " . Here, CCV EoC is the charging or discharging voltage of the battery cell 11 measured after the time t1 from the time when OCV EoC of the battery cell 11 is measured, and OCV EoC is the voltage of the battery cell 11 in the charging situation. It is the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured when the reference charging voltage is reached, and i t1 may mean the amount of charging or charging current that has flowed during t1 hours.
[213]
In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to calculate a resistance variation rate by comparing the calculated internal resistance with a pre-stored reference resistance. Here, the pre-stored reference resistance is a reference value for comparison with the current resistance of the battery cell 11 calculated by the control unit 103 and may be a value previously stored in the storage unit 105. For example, the previously stored reference resistance may be the resistance of the battery cell 11 measured at a predetermined cycle time. The control unit 103 may calculate a resistance variation rate as a ratio or difference of the resistance of the current battery cell 11 to the previously stored reference resistance.
[214]
For example, it is assumed that the reference resistance previously stored for the first battery cell C1 shown in FIG. 1 is A2[Ω]. In addition, based on the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 at the first point in time, the current resistance of the first battery cell C1 calculated by the control unit 103 is B2[ Ω]. The controller 103 may calculate the rate of change in resistance of the first battery cell C1 at the first point in time as a ratio of B2[Ω] to A2[Ω]. For example, the rate of change in resistance of the first battery cell C1 at the first point in time may be calculated by a calculation formula of “(B2 ÷ A2)×100”.
[215]
Preferably, the pre-stored reference resistance may include a reference resistance calculated based on the reference voltage pre-stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the pre-stored reference resistance corresponds to the pre-stored reference voltage, and is based on the open circuit voltage when the battery cell 11 is charged at a predetermined cycle and the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference charging voltage. It may be the calculated resistance. The previously stored reference resistance may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[216]
For example, the reference voltage A1[V] may be previously stored in the storage unit 105, and the reference resistance A2[Ω] calculated based on the reference voltage A1 may be previously stored.
[217]
Preferably, the previously stored resistance variation rate data may be configured to include the resistance variation rate calculated by the control unit 103 whenever the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. That is, from after the predetermined cycle to before the present, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference charging voltage by charging.
[218]
Then, the control unit 103 calculates the current resistance based on the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101, and according to the calculated current resistance and the reference resistance previously stored in the storage unit 105, the battery cell 11 ) Can be calculated. In addition, the calculated resistance variation rate may be included in the resistance variation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[219]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the resistance change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 includes the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point to the N-1 time point. I can. Here, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and when N is 2, only the resistance variation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point may be included in the previously stored resistance variation rate data. When the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 is calculated by the control unit 103 at the Nth time point, the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the Nth time point is previously stored in the storage unit 105. It can be included in the resistance fluctuation rate data. In this case, the first to Nth resistance fluctuation rates may be included in the resistance fluctuation data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[220]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on the resistance change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 from a past time point to a current time point. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on pre-stored resistance change rate data that accumulates and stores the resistance change rate calculated in the past.
[221]
In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 determines the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the current battery cell 11 based on the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern and the voltage increase/decrease pattern, the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 only at the resistance change rate at a specific point in time. There is an advantage of being able to more accurately determine the degree of deterioration acceleration or degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 than in the case of determining.
[222]
In addition, since the determined deterioration acceleration degree can be used as information for estimating the future state of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention There is an advantage of providing information capable of estimating a future state based on the past and present states as well as the degree of acceleration of deterioration.
[223]
[224]
The control unit 103 may calculate a resistance change rate of a plurality of resistance change rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell 11 from among the previously stored resistance change rate data. Here, the resistance rate of change may include an average rate of change or an instantaneous rate of change between resistance rates. Further, the plurality of resistance fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle may include a plurality of resistance fluctuation rates included within a preset number of cycles from the current cycle.
[225]
For example, the control unit 103 may calculate a resistance change rate of a plurality of resistance change rates included within 50 cycles from the current cycle. The calculation of the resistance change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
[226]
9 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[227]
9 and 10, the storage unit 105 may store resistance fluctuation data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 and resistance fluctuation data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 every cycle. have.
[228]
Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 9, a section including a preset number of cycles for the first battery cell C1 will be described as an In section. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10, a section including a preset number of cycles for the second battery cell C2 will be described as a Jn section. Here, the In section shown in FIG. 9 may correspond to the In section shown in FIG. 3, and the Jn section shown in FIG. 10 may correspond to the Jn section shown in FIG. 4.
[229]
For example, it is assumed that the number of cycles preset to be included in one section is 50. In FIG. 9, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is 300 cycles, the control unit 103 stores 251 to 300 cycles of the resistance change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 in the storage unit 105. The resistance fluctuation rate of each cycle belonging to the included section I6 can be extracted. That is, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the period I6 by comparing the resistance change rates of each cycle belonging to the period I6 of the first battery cell C1 with each other. Similarly, in FIG. 10, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 is 150 cycles, the control unit 103 includes 101 to 150 of the resistance change rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 in the storage unit 105. It is possible to extract the resistance fluctuation rate belonging to the J3 section including the cycle. The control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate in the J3 period by comparing the resistance change rates of each of the cycles in the J3 section of the second battery cell C2 with each other. Here, the resistance rate of change means a specific value for the rate of change.
[230]
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, if the resistance change rate is 0 or more, a positive change rate, and when the resistance change rate is less than 0, it will be described as a negative change rate.
[231]
As in the example of calculating the voltage change rate previously described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8, when calculating the resistance change rate between the resistance change rates included in the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs, the current The resistance change rate may not be calculated by determining only one section to which the cycle belongs. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a cycle time point at which the resistance change rate changes from positive to negative or negative to positive, and divide a section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs to a sub section based on the determined cycle time point. That is, the controller 103 may divide the one section into a plurality of sub-sections according to the resistance change rate of the resistance change rate belonging to one section and calculate the resistance change rate for each of the divided sub-sections.
[232]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a section of a resistance variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[233]
For example, in the example of FIG. 11, the control unit 103 may calculate an average rate of change for continuous cycles included in section I1 or an instantaneous rate of change for continuous cycles included in section I1. Specifically, based on 10 cycles, the resistance change rate of the section I11 may be calculated as a negative rate of change, and the I12 resistance rate of change may be calculated as a positive rate of change. Accordingly, the controller 103 may divide the I1 section of the first battery cell C2 into an I11 section and an I12 section based on 10 cycles.
[234]
That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 11, the control unit 103 may divide the I1 section into I11 and I12 sections and calculate the resistance change rate for each of the I11 section and the I12 section. In this way, the controller 103 may divide one section into sub sections and calculate the resistance change rate for each sub section.
[235]
In this way, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs to only one section, but divides the sub-sections according to the case and the resistance change rate Since is calculated in more detail, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined.
[236]
Also, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate. Here, the resistance increase/decrease pattern may include a resistance increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern. In particular, when the calculated resistance change rate is a positive change rate, the control unit 103 may determine the resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance increase pattern. In addition, when the calculated resistance change rate is a negative change rate, the control unit 103 may determine the resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance decrease pattern.
[237]
For example, referring to FIGS. 9 and 11, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the control unit 103 determines the first battery cell C1 based on the resistance change rate included in the period I1. The rate of change of resistance of can be calculated. When the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the section I11, the control unit 103 may calculate the rate of change of the resistance of the section I11 to a value less than 0. That is, the rate of change of resistance of the section I11 may be calculated as a rate of change of negative. Further, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current first battery cell C1 as a resistance decrease pattern based on a result of the resistance change rate being calculated as a negative change rate.
[238]
Conversely, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I12, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the period I12 as a value equal to or greater than 0. That is, the resistance change rate of the I12 section may be calculated as a positive change rate. The control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current first battery cell C1 as a resistance increase pattern based on a result of calculating the resistance change rate as a positive change rate. Similarly, even when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of I2 to I6, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate as a positive change rate based on the resistance change rate included in the corresponding section. . In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current first battery cell C1 as a resistance increase pattern based on a result calculated as a positive change rate.
[239]
As another example, referring to FIG. 10, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of periods J1 to J6, the controller 103 The rate of change of resistance can be calculated. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate a resistance change rate of a section in which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to a value equal to or greater than 0. That is, the resistance change rate of the section in which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs may be calculated as the positive change rate. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current second battery cell C2 as a resistance increase pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate.
[240]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 according to the calculated resistance change rate of the current cycle and the past resistance change rate stored in the previously stored resistance change rate data. Therefore, there is an advantage of estimating the state of the battery cell 11 in consideration of not only the current state of the battery cell 11 but also the state of the past.
[241]
In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention calculates a resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and determines a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate, There is an advantage in that it can provide information that makes it easy to estimate a future state.
[242]
[243]
When the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the calculated resistance change rate. That is, when determining the resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance increase pattern, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[244]
In addition, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance decrease pattern, the control unit 103 may be configured to determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration. That is, when determining the resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance decrease pattern, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration as only deceleration deterioration.
[245]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 11, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I11, the control unit 103 converts the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into the resistance decrease pattern. You can decide. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as deceleration deterioration. Conversely, if it belongs to any one of the current cycles I12 to I6 of the first battery cell C1, the controller 103 may determine the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as the resistance increase pattern. In addition, the controller 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of the second deterioration of the first battery cell C1 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the resistance change rate of the section to which the first battery cell C1 belongs.
[246]
For another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 10, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J1 to J6, the control unit 103 determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2. Can be determined as a pattern of increasing resistance. In addition, the controller 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of the second deterioration of the second battery cell C2 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, according to the resistance change rate of the section to which the second battery cell C2 belongs.
[247]
That is, in the charging situation of the battery cell 11, unlike the discharging situation, since the change factor of the resistance due to the open circuit voltage is not considered, the second degree of acceleration of deterioration may be determined based on the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. In this case, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 may not be considered.
[248]
Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on the difference between the charging condition and the discharging condition. There is an advantage of being able to determine specific state information about the degree, degree of degeneration, and the like, and to provide the determined state information.
[249]
[250]
As described above, among the degrees of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cells 11, accelerated deterioration and linear deterioration can be classified according to how fast the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is proceeding. When the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference resistance change rate, the control unit 103 is configured to determine the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as accelerated deterioration. I can.
[251]
In addition, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is less than a preset reference resistance change rate, the control unit 103 may be configured to determine a degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as linear degeneration.
[252]
Here, the preset reference resistance change rate is a reference rate of change for determining the degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration when the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the resistance increase pattern. For example, the preset reference resistance change rate may be preset to increase the resistance change rate by 10% every 100 cycles.
[253]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 11, it is assumed that the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of periods I12 to I6, and the rate of change of resistance in the periods I12 to I6 is less than a preset reference resistance change rate. do. Since the resistance change rate of the section I12 to I6 is smaller than the preset reference resistance change rate, the control unit 103 may determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1 as linear degeneration.
[254]
As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 10, it is assumed that the resistance change rate in the interval J1 to J3 is greater than or equal to the preset reference resistance change rate, and that the resistance change rate in the interval J4 to J6 is less than the preset reference resistance change rate. If the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the periods J1 to J3, the controller 103 determines the resistance change rate of the period to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to a preset reference resistance change rate and In comparison, the degree of acceleration of the second deterioration of the second battery cell C2 may be determined as the acceleration deterioration. Conversely, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J4 to J6, the control unit 103 determines the resistance change rate of the interval to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to a preset reference resistance. Compared with the rate of change, the degree of acceleration of the second deterioration of the second battery cell C2 may be determined as linear deterioration.
[255]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the degree of deterioration acceleration with respect to the resistance increase pattern, but compares the preset reference resistance change rate and the resistance change rate to accelerate the deterioration acceleration degree. Alternatively, it can be determined by subdividing into either linear degeneration. Accordingly, there is an advantage that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be further subdivided and diagnosed in detail.
[256]
[257]
The control unit 103 may be configured to determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 only when the calculated resistance variation rate exceeds a preset lower limit of resistance. That is, the control unit 103 determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern only when the resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 exceeds a preset lower limit of resistance, and determines the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 according to the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern. I can judge.
[258]
For example, when the resistance fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is less than a preset lower limit value, the internal resistance of the battery cell 11 decreases below the reference value due to an electric short or the like, and the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated. . Accordingly, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern only when the battery cell 11 is normally deteriorated, except when the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated due to external factors such as an electric attic.
[259]
If the classification of normal deterioration or abnormal deterioration of the battery cell 11 is not processed in advance, the degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the resistance increase or decrease pattern in the abnormal degeneration state, and the battery control condition is adjusted according to the determined deterioration acceleration degree. , There is a problem that can further deteriorate the state of the battery cell 11.
[260]
Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern and the degree of acceleration of deterioration only when the state of the battery cell 11 is in a normal deterioration state, thereby accelerating the deterioration of the battery cell 11. There is an advantage of shortening the time required for determining the degree and improving the accuracy of determining the state of the battery cell 11.
[261]
[262]
The controller 103 determines the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern. Can be configured. In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance decrease pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration. .
[263]
Specifically, in a discharge situation, the open circuit voltage may have an influence on the change factor of the resistance. For example, in the case of a voltage decrease pattern or a voltage increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern, it can be regarded as a case where an open circuit voltage affects a change factor of resistance. Accordingly, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern and the resistance change rate only when the open circuit voltage does not affect the resistance change factor.
[264]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 7, as in the previous example, the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as a voltage decrease pattern in section I1 and a voltage increase pattern in section I2 to I6. I can. In addition, the controller 103 may determine all of the sections I1 to I6 as the resistance increase pattern with respect to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1. At this time, the control unit 103, based on the calculated resistance change rate of each section, only for sections I2 to I6 in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern, the first battery cell ( It is possible to determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration of C1).
[265]
That is, the control unit 103 selects a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 can be determined only by the resistance increase/decrease pattern in consideration of the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and only for the selected section according to the resistance change rate. The second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 may be determined. In the above example, the control unit 103 selects a section I2 to I6 as a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the first battery cell C1 can be determined only by the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and the resistance change rate of each of the selected I2 to I6 sections. Accordingly, the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 for each section may be determined as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[266]
As another example, referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, as in the previous example, the controller 103 is configured to increase/decrease the voltage of the second battery cell C2 in the period J1 to J31 as a voltage increase pattern, and the period J32 to J7 as a voltage increase/decrease pattern. It can be determined by the voltage reduction pattern. In addition, the controller 103 may determine all of the intervals J1 to J6 as the resistance increase pattern with respect to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2. At this time, the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 based on the calculated resistance change rate of each section only for the intervals J1 to J31 in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is the resistance increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern. The second degree of acceleration of degeneration can be determined.
[267]
That is, the control unit 103 selects the J1 to J31 section as a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the second battery cell C2 can be determined only with the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and is based on the resistance change rate of each of the selected J1 to J31 sections. Accordingly, the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 for each section may be determined as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[268]
That is, in the discharge situation of the battery cell 11, unlike the charging situation, the state of the battery cell 11 can be accurately diagnosed only when the factor of change in resistance due to the open circuit voltage is considered. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on the resistance change rate in consideration of the change factor of the resistance in the discharge situation. There is an advantage of being able to more accurately determine the state of the second degree of deterioration acceleration, degree of degeneration, and the like of the battery cell 11.
[269]
[270]
As described above, among the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11, accelerated deterioration and linear deterioration can be classified according to how fast the deterioration of the battery cell 11 progresses. When the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference resistance change rate, the controller 103 accelerates the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. It can be configured to determine as. In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is less than a preset reference resistance change rate, the controller 103 determines the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. It can be configured to determine as linear degeneration. Conversely, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage decrease pattern, or when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance decrease pattern, the control unit 103 does not consider the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and is based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern. The second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 may be determined.

Claims
[Claim 1]
A voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage of a battery cell and measure an open circuit voltage of the battery cell whenever the measured voltage reaches a reference charging voltage; And receiving the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit, calculating at least one of a voltage fluctuation rate or a resistance fluctuation rate based on a result of processing the received open circuit voltage, and when the voltage fluctuation rate is calculated, the calculated A voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined based on the voltage fluctuation rate and the previously stored voltage fluctuation data, and when the resistance fluctuation rate is calculated, a resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined based on the calculated resistance fluctuation rate and the previously stored resistance fluctuation data, and And a control unit configured to determine a degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell according to at least one of a resistance increase/decrease pattern, and to change a preset control condition based on the determined degree of deterioration acceleration.
[Claim 2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises at least one of a first degree of deterioration acceleration determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern and a second degree of degeneration acceleration determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern. Battery management apparatus, characterized in that configured to change the preset control condition only in case.
[Claim 3]
The method of claim 1, wherein the preset control condition is configured to include at least one or more of a threshold and a charging end voltage set for the battery cell, and the control unit comprises: a first degradation determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern. When the acceleration degree is acceleration deterioration or linear deterioration, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is set as a reference open-circuit voltage, and It is configured to calculate a voltage comparison value by comparing the open circuit voltage, and to change at least one of the stalk and the charging end voltage based on the voltage conversion value converted from the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset voltage conversion criterion. Battery management device, characterized in that.
[Claim 4]
The method of claim 3, wherein the preset voltage conversion criterion corresponds to a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value into a value corresponding to the slate and the calculated voltage comparison value to the charging end voltage And a second voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage to a value, wherein the control unit obtains a first voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to the first voltage conversion criterion, and obtains the first voltage conversion value. Changes the slate according to a voltage conversion value, obtains a second voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to the second voltage conversion criterion, and ends the charging according to the obtained second voltage conversion value Battery management device, characterized in that configured to change the voltage.
[Claim 5]
The method of claim 3, wherein the control unit is configured to change the preset voltage conversion criterion only when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate and charge termination voltage is changed. Battery management device.
[Claim 6]
The method of claim 5, wherein the control unit converts the voltage before changing the preset voltage conversion criterion only when it is determined that the first deterioration acceleration degree is linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset voltage conversion criterion is changed. Battery management device, characterized in that configured to return to the reference.
[Claim 7]
The method of claim 1, wherein the preset control condition is configured to include at least one or more of a slate or a charging end voltage set for the battery cell, and the control unit comprises: a second degeneration determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern. Only when the acceleration degree is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, the resistance variation rate of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined resistance increase or decrease pattern is set as the reference resistance variation rate, and the set reference resistance variation rate and the calculated resistance It is characterized in that it is configured to calculate a resistance comparison value by comparing the rate of change, and to change at least one of the stalk or the charging end voltage based on the resistance conversion value converted from the calculated resistance comparison value according to a preset resistance conversion criterion. Battery management device.
[Claim 8]
The method of claim 7, wherein the preset resistance conversion criterion corresponds to a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate and the calculated resistance comparison value to the charging end voltage And a second resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance value to a value, and the control unit obtains a first resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the first resistance conversion criterion, and the obtained first resistance conversion value The slate is changed according to a resistance conversion value, a second resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the second resistance conversion criterion is obtained, and the charging is terminated according to the obtained second resistance conversion value. Battery management device, characterized in that configured to change the voltage.
[Claim 9]
The method of claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to change the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate or charging end voltage is changed. Battery management device, characterized in that.
[Claim 10]
The method of claim 9, wherein the control unit converts the resistance before changing the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the second deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset resistance conversion criterion is changed Battery management device, characterized in that configured to return to the reference.
[Claim 11]
A battery pack comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
[Claim 12]
An electric vehicle comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.