Title of invention: battery management device
Technical field
[One]
This application is an application for claiming priority for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0030709 filed on March 18, 2019, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the application are incorporated herein by reference.
[2]
The present invention relates to a battery management apparatus, and more particularly, to a battery management apparatus that changes a control condition according to a deterioration pattern of a battery cell.
Background
[3]
In recent years, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and portable telephones is rapidly increasing, and development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, satellites, etc. is in full swing, high-performance batteries capable of repetitive charging and discharging have been developed. There is an active research on the Korean market.
[4]
Currently commercialized batteries include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydride batteries, nickel zinc batteries, and lithium batteries, among which lithium batteries have little memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so charging and discharging are free and self-discharge rate is very high. It is in the spotlight for its low energy density and high energy density.
[5]
In recent years, as the application range of secondary batteries is expanded, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small portable devices including smart phones, but also in mid- to large-sized devices such as electric vehicles and power storage devices including hybrid vehicles.
[6]
In the case of such a secondary battery, as the use period increases, the performance deteriorates from the initial stage. In addition, estimating the degree of performance degradation of the secondary battery is said to estimate the state of health (SOH) of the secondary battery, and the SOH of the secondary battery is an important factor in determining the replacement timing of the secondary battery.
[7]
Conventionally, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery is measured, and the current flowing into the battery is accumulated until the battery is fully charged, and the accumulated current amount and the measured OCV value are used to fully charge the battery. An apparatus and method for calculating the capacity have been disclosed (Patent Document 1).
[8]
However, Patent Document 1 only discloses a configuration for determining the degree of deterioration as to how much deterioration of the battery by measuring the loss of the battery's full charge capacity. A configuration for changing battery control conditions according to specific information and the degree of deterioration of the battery is not disclosed at all.
[9]
Accordingly, Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it does not provide any specific information for determining the state of the battery at a future point in time, such as a predicted deterioration rate or a predicted lifespan of a battery. In addition, Patent Document 1 only discloses a configuration for measuring the complete charge capacity of a battery, and there is a problem in that a configuration for changing a control condition according to a battery state is not disclosed at all.
[10]
(Patent Document 1) KR 10-2016-0011448 A
Detailed description of the invention
Technical challenge
[11]
The present invention, as conceived to solve the above problems, provides more detailed information on the deterioration of the battery cell, and provides a battery management device capable of changing the control condition of the battery cell according to the degree of deterioration of the battery cell. It aims to do.
[12]
Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and will be more clearly understood by examples of the present invention. In addition, it will be easily understood that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by means of the claims and combinations thereof.
Means of solving the task
[13]
A battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage of a battery cell and measure an open circuit voltage of the battery cell whenever the measured voltage reaches a reference discharge voltage; And receiving the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit, comparing the received open circuit voltage with a pre-stored reference voltage to calculate a voltage change rate, and increasing or decreasing the voltage based on the calculated voltage change rate and pre-stored voltage change rate data. A control unit configured to determine a pattern, determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern, and change a preset control condition based on the received open circuit voltage and the first degree of deterioration acceleration. Can include.
[14]
The pre-stored reference voltage may be configured to include an open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell reaches the reference discharge voltage at a predetermined cycle time.
[15]
The pre-stored voltage fluctuation rate data may be configured to include a past voltage fluctuation rate calculated by the control unit whenever the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measuring unit.
[16]
The controller calculates a voltage change rate between the calculated voltage change rate and a plurality of voltage change rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell among the previously stored voltage change rate data, and based on the calculated voltage change rate It may be configured to determine the voltage increase or decrease pattern.
[17]
The preset control condition may be configured to include at least one of a stalk rate and a discharge end voltage set for the battery cell.
[18]
The control unit sets the open circuit voltage of the battery cell pre-measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern as a reference open circuit voltage only when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is either acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration, A voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference open voltage and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit is calculated, and based on the voltage conversion value converted according to a preset voltage conversion criterion, the slate or It may be configured to change at least one or more of the discharge end voltages.
[19]
The preset voltage conversion criterion includes a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate rate, and a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage. It can be configured to include two voltage conversion criteria.
[20]
The control unit converts the calculated voltage comparison value according to the first voltage conversion criterion to obtain a first voltage conversion value, changes the slate according to the obtained first voltage conversion value, and the calculated voltage The comparison value may be converted according to the second voltage conversion criterion to obtain a second voltage conversion value, and the discharge end voltage may be changed according to the obtained second voltage conversion value.
[21]
The control unit may be configured to change the preset voltage conversion criterion only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration and at least one of the stalk and the discharge end voltage is changed.
[22]
The control unit is configured to return the preset voltage conversion standard to the voltage conversion standard before the change only when the first deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset voltage conversion criterion is changed. I can.
[23]
The controller calculates a current resistance of the battery cell based on the received open circuit voltage, compares the calculated current resistance with a pre-stored reference resistance to calculate a resistance change rate, and calculates a resistance change rate and a pre-stored resistance change rate Determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on data, determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern, and based on the calculated resistance change rate and the second degree of degeneration acceleration, the It may be configured to change a preset control condition.
[24]
The pre-stored reference resistance may be configured to include a reference resistance calculated based on the pre-stored reference voltage.
[25]
The pre-stored resistance variation rate data may be configured to include a past resistance variation rate calculated by the control unit each time the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measurement unit.
[26]
The control unit calculates a resistance change rate between the calculated resistance change rate and a plurality of resistance change rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell among the previously stored resistance change rate data, and based on the calculated resistance change rate It may be configured to determine the resistance increase or decrease pattern.
[27]
The preset control condition may include at least one or more of a stalk rate and a discharge end voltage set for the battery cell.
[28]
The control unit, only when the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, and the second degree of deterioration acceleration is either an acceleration deterioration or a linear degeneration, the pre-measured battery cell in the start cycle of the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern. The resistance variation rate is set as the reference resistance variation rate, a resistance comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference resistance variation rate and the calculated resistance variation rate is calculated, and the calculated resistance comparison value is based on a resistance conversion value converted according to a preset resistance conversion criterion. Thus, it may be configured to change at least one or more of the slate and the discharge end voltage.
[29]
The preset resistance conversion criterion includes a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate and a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage. 2 Resistance conversion criteria may be included.
[30]
The control unit obtains a first resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the first resistance conversion criterion, changes the slate according to the obtained first resistance conversion value, and the calculated resistance A second resistance conversion value obtained by converting the comparison value according to the second resistance conversion criterion may be obtained, and the discharge end voltage may be changed according to the obtained second resistance conversion value.
[31]
The control unit may be configured to change the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the stalk and the discharge end voltage is changed.
[32]
The control unit is configured to return the preset resistance conversion criterion to the resistance conversion criterion before change only when the second deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset resistance conversion criterion is changed I can.
[33]
A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Effects of the Invention
[34]
According to an aspect of the present invention, not only the degree of deterioration of the battery cell but also the deterioration pattern of the battery cell is estimated, there is an advantage that the current state of the battery cell can be more accurately estimated.
[35]
In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, since an optimized control condition is set for each battery cell according to the deterioration pattern of the battery cell, the advantage of preventing rapid deterioration of the battery cell and enabling the battery cell to be used for a longer period of time. There is this.
[36]
In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, since the deterioration pattern of the battery cell is estimated through various indicators, there is an advantage that the degree of progression of the deterioration of the battery can be more accurately determined.
[37]
The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.
Brief description of the drawing
[38]
Since the following drawings attached to the present specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with a detailed description of the present invention to be described later, the present invention is limited to the matters described in such drawings and should not be interpreted.
[39]
1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery pack including a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[40]
2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[41]
3 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[42]
4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[43]
5 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage variation rates of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[44]
6 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[45]
7 is a diagram illustrating a resistance variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[46]
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of another section among voltage fluctuation rates of a first battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[47]
9 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a process of changing a control condition set in a battery cell based on a voltage change rate in a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
[48]
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a process of changing a control condition set in a battery cell based on a resistance change rate in a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
Mode for carrying out the invention
[49]
The terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, and the inventor may appropriately define the concept of terms in order to explain his or her invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as a meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of ​​the present invention based on the principle that there is.
[50]
Accordingly, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all the technical spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.
[51]
In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the subject matter of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[52]
Terms including an ordinal number, such as first and second, are used for the purpose of distinguishing one of various elements from the others, and are not used to limit the elements by such terms.
[53]
Throughout the specification, when a certain part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary. In addition, terms such as a control unit described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
[54]
In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" with another part, it is not only "directly connected", but also "indirectly connected" with another element interposed therebetween. Includes.
[55]
[56]
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[57]
1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery pack including a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[58]
Referring to FIG. 1, a battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is electrically connected to a battery module 10 including a plurality of battery cells 11 to each of a plurality of battery cells 11. Can be managed. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 may estimate the states of the plurality of battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10 and adjust the control conditions of each of the battery cells 11 based on the estimated states. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 may be included in the battery pack 1000 together with the battery module 10. 1 illustrates an example in which one battery module 10 and one battery management device 100 are included in the battery pack 1000, but the battery module 10 and the battery management device included in the battery pack 1000 The number of (100) is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, the number of battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1.
[59]
A detailed configuration of the battery management apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, first, a description will be given of the contents of the battery management apparatus 100 changing a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 based on a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11.
[60]
Referring to FIG. 2, the battery management apparatus 100 may include a voltage measurement unit 101 and a control unit 103.
[61]
The voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the voltage of the battery cell 11 included in the battery module 10. That is, the voltage measuring unit 101 may be configured to measure the voltage of each of the battery cells 11 included in the battery module 10. Preferably, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the discharge voltage of the battery cell 11.
[62]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the battery management apparatus 100 includes a first battery cell C1, a second battery cell C2, a third battery cell C3, and Voltages when the fourth battery cells C4 are discharged may be measured, respectively. Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 101 measures the voltage of the first battery cell C1 through the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2, and The voltage of the second battery cell C2 may be measured through the sensing line SL3. In addition, the voltage measurement unit 101 measures the voltage of the third battery cell C3 through the third sensing line SL3 and the fourth sensing line SL4, and performs a fourth sensing line SL4 and a fifth sensing line. The voltage of the fourth battery cell C4 may be measured through the line SL5.
[63]
The voltage measurement unit 101 may measure an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery cell 11. That is, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure both the voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage. In particular, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage of each battery cell 11 whenever the measured voltage reaches the reference discharge voltage. Here, the reference discharge voltage may be a voltage previously set and stored by a user or the like in order for the voltage measuring unit 101 to measure the open circuit voltage. That is, the reference discharge voltage is a reference value for measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 by the voltage measuring unit 101, and when the voltage measuring unit 101 should measure the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 If you can provide that timing For example, the predetermined voltage may be set to 2.8V. The voltage measurement unit 101 measures voltages of the plurality of battery cells 11, and calculates the open circuit voltage of the corresponding battery cells 11 whenever the measured voltage of each battery cell 11 reaches a predetermined voltage. Can be measured.
[64]
For example, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, it is assumed that for each of the battery cells 11, the reference discharge voltage is set to V1 [V]. In this case, the voltage measurement unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 when the voltage of the first battery cell C1 reaches V1[V] due to discharge. Similarly, when the voltage of the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, or the fourth battery cell C4 reaches V1[V], the voltage measurement unit 101 reaches V1[V]. The open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 can be measured.
[65]
The control unit 103 may receive the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. The control unit 103 is configured to exchange electrical signals with the voltage measurement unit 101 inside the battery management apparatus 100, and may receive the measured open circuit voltage from the voltage measurement unit 101.
[66]
The controller 103 may calculate a voltage fluctuation rate by comparing the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit 101 with a pre-stored reference voltage. Here, the pre-stored reference voltage is a reference value for comparison with the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 and may be a pre-stored value. For example, the pre-stored reference voltage may include the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured at a predetermined cycle time. The voltage fluctuation rate may be obtained by comparing a pre-stored reference voltage with an open circuit voltage received from the voltage measurement unit 101 by the control unit 103. In particular, the voltage fluctuation rate may be calculated as a ratio or difference between a previously stored reference voltage and a measured value of the open circuit voltage. That is, the control unit 103 receives the open circuit voltage measured from the voltage measurement unit 101 in a cycle after the predetermined cycle time point, and calculates the ratio of the received open circuit voltage to a pre-stored reference voltage as a voltage change rate. can do.
[67]
For example, it is assumed that the reference voltage previously stored for the first battery cell C1 is A1[V]. In addition, it is assumed that the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 at the first point in time is B1[V]. The control unit 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 at a first time point as a ratio of B1 to A1. For example, the voltage variation rate of the first battery cell C1 at the first point in time may be calculated by a calculation formula of “(B1 ÷ A1)×100”.
[68]
The controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated voltage change rate and pre-stored voltage change rate data. Here, the voltage fluctuation rate data is reference data for comparison with the calculated voltage fluctuation rate, and may be stored in advance. The controller 103 may update the previously stored voltage fluctuation data by adding the calculated voltage fluctuation rate to the previously stored voltage fluctuation data. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the updated voltage change rate data.
[69]
For example, the previously stored voltage fluctuation rate data may be data in which a voltage fluctuation rate calculated in the past by the controller 103 is stored. In this case, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on all voltage fluctuation rates calculated from a cycle time point at which the reference voltage is calculated. The voltage increase/decrease pattern may include various patterns such as a voltage increase pattern, a voltage decrease pattern, or a voltage constant pattern. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it will be described that the voltage increase/decrease pattern includes a voltage increase pattern and a voltage decrease pattern, and the voltage increase pattern includes a pattern excluding a voltage decrease pattern such as a constant voltage pattern.
[70]
The control unit 103 may be configured to determine a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. In particular, the control unit 103 may be configured to determine a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. Here, the first degree of deterioration acceleration may be information indicating whether the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is getting faster or getting slower. In addition, the first degree of deterioration acceleration may be a degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 determined by the controller 103 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern. That is, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern for the battery cell 11 and determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 based on the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern.
[71]
For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the control unit 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. can do.
[72]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset control condition based on the received open circuit voltage and the determined first deterioration acceleration degree. That is, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern, the control unit 103 determines the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 and the current cycle of the received battery cell 11 Based on the open circuit voltage of, the control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed. Here, the preset control conditions may be preset for each battery cell 11. For example, the preset control conditions may be set in advance when the battery cell 11 is shipped or initially operated. That is, a preset control condition may be set for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4.
[73]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 103 determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and the voltage measurement unit ( The control condition preset for the first battery cell C1 may be changed according to the open circuit voltage of the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 received from 101 ). In addition, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the second battery cell C2 according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2, and the second battery cell received from the voltage measurement unit 101 A preset control condition for the second battery cell C2 may be changed according to the open circuit voltage of the current cycle of (C2). Similarly, the control unit 103 also applies to the third battery cell C3 and the fourth battery cell C4 based on the determined first deterioration acceleration degree and the received open circuit voltage. 4 It is possible to change the control conditions preset for each of the battery cells C4.
[74]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention sets a preset control condition for the battery cell 11 based on the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage in the current cycle. You can change it. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention accurately determines the current state of the battery cell 11, and thus, the control condition of the battery cell 11 so that the life of the battery cell 11 lasts longer. It has the advantage of being able to take action to change it. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 may control charging of the battery cell 11 so that the battery cell 11 is not over-discharged by optimizing the control condition set in the battery cell 11.
[75]
[76]
The controller 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as one of acceleration deterioration, linear deterioration, or deceleration deterioration according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. Here, the accelerated deterioration is a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is gradually accelerated, and the linear degeneration refers to a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is not accelerated gradually like the accelerated deterioration, but is proceeding linearly. On the contrary, deceleration deterioration refers to a state in which deterioration of the battery cells 11 is progressively slower.
[77]
In particular, the control unit 103 may independently determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration for each of the battery cells 11. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 1, the control unit 103, the first battery cell (C1), the second battery cell (C2), the third battery cell (C3) and the fourth battery cell (C4), respectively. The voltage increase/decrease pattern can be determined. In addition, the control unit 103 separates the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. 1 It is possible to judge the degree of acceleration of degeneration.
[78]
That is, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can independently determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of each of the battery cells 11, the first degree of deterioration acceleration of each of the battery cells 11 There is an advantage of determining and further predicting the lifetime of each of the battery cells 11. Specifically, the battery management device 100 can calculate the loss capacity by measuring the open circuit voltage of each of the battery cells 11 to calculate the degree of deterioration of each of the battery cells 11, as well as the battery cell 11 It is possible to determine a first degree of acceleration of degeneration as to how quickly each degeneration is occurring. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 may estimate the degree of deterioration of each of the battery cells 11 in the future according to the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cells 11.
[79]
For example, even the battery cells 11 of the same product line may not have exactly the same usable capacity due to problems such as initial resistance variation or capacity variation. For example, it is assumed that the set capacity of the battery cell is 1000 mAh at the time of shipment, but the initial capacity of the first battery cell C1 is 900 mAh, and the initial capacity of the second battery cell C2 is 1000 mAh. When the current usable capacity of the first battery cell C1 and the second battery cell C2 becomes the same as 800 mAh due to use for the same period, the first battery cell C1 and the second battery cell C2 are the same. Although they have usable capacity, determining that the deterioration degree of the two battery cells 11 is the same due to the difference in initial capacity cannot be regarded as an accurate state estimation of the battery cells 11. In addition, even if the degree of degeneration of the first battery cell C1 is approximately 11% and the degree of deterioration of the second battery cell C2 is calculated as 20%, the calculated degree of degeneration is the first according to the current capacity compared to the initial capacity. It is only meaningful as an index indicating only the current state of each of the battery cells C1 and C2, and the current first and second battery cells C1 and C2 have a first deterioration acceleration degree or a second 1 It is not suitable as a predictive index for future situations such as life expectancy depending on the degree of acceleration of deterioration. That is, the ratio of the current capacity to the initial capacity of the battery cell 11 is only an index to determine the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 ex post, and the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11, the rate of deterioration at a later time Or, there is a problem that it is not appropriate to be used as an index to judge the expected life, etc.
[80]
On the other hand, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention accurately determines the current state of the battery cell 11 by measuring the open circuit voltage of the current battery cell 11 and determining the first degree of deterioration acceleration. There is an advantage to be able to judge. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 has an advantage of being able to set a control condition optimized for the battery cell 11 based on the determined current state of the battery cell 11.
[81]
[82]
Here, the control unit 103 is a processor known in the art, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, and logic in order to execute various control logics performed in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, and the like may be optionally included. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 103 may be implemented as a set of program modules. In this case, the program module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be inside or outside the processor, and may be connected to the processor by various well-known means. For example, the control unit 103 is a processor provided in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the state information including the determined first deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 and the battery cell 11 The preset control condition may be provided to the user through an output device such as a display device. In addition, the controller 103 may provide a replacement or warning notification of the battery cell 11 to the user through an external notification device based on the status information and control conditions of the battery cell 11.
[83]
[84]
In addition, referring to FIG. 2, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a storage unit 105. The storage unit 105 may store the reference voltage. That is, the reference voltage is pre-stored in the storage unit 105, and the control unit 103 compares the reference voltage previously stored in the storage unit 105 with the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measurement unit 101 to obtain a voltage fluctuation rate. Can be calculated. In addition, the storage unit 105 may store the voltage fluctuation rate data. That is, in the storage unit 105, voltage fluctuation rate data calculated from the control unit 103 in the past is stored, and the control unit 103 is based on the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105. The voltage increase/decrease pattern can be determined.
[85]
That is, the storage unit 105 is each component of the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as a reference voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 and past voltage fluctuation data calculated by the control unit 103 Data or programs necessary for the element to perform operations and functions can be stored. If the storage unit 105 is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating and reading data, there is no particular limitation on its type. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, register, and the like. The storage unit 105 may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit 103 are defined.
[86]
[87]
Preferably, the pre-stored reference voltage may include an open circuit voltage when the battery cell 11 is discharged at a predetermined cycle time and the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage. Here, the predetermined cycle time is within a predetermined number of cycles from the beginning of life (BOL), and may be, for example, the first discharge time after shipment of the battery cell 11.
[88]
For example, it is assumed that the reference discharge voltage is set to 2.8V. In this case, the voltage measurement unit 101 may measure the voltage in the initial discharge process (initial state) of the first battery cell C1 and measure the open circuit voltage when the measured voltage reaches 2.8V. have.
[89]
Preferably, the pre-stored voltage fluctuation data may be configured to include a voltage fluctuation rate calculated by the control unit 103 whenever the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. That is, from the predetermined cycle point to the current point, the voltage measuring unit 101 measures the open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage due to discharge, and the control unit 103 ) May calculate a voltage variation rate according to the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. In addition, the calculated voltage fluctuation rate may be included in the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[90]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 includes the voltage fluctuation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point to the N-1th time point. I can. Here, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and when N is 2, only the voltage variation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point may be included in the previously stored voltage variation rate data. When the voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 is calculated by the control unit 103 at the Nth time point, the voltage change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the Nth time point is previously stored in the storage unit 105. It can be included in the voltage fluctuation rate data. In this case, the voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 may include first to Nth voltage fluctuation rates.
[91]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on the voltage change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 from a past time point to a current time point. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention calculates the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 and the first degree of acceleration of deterioration based on pre-stored voltage fluctuation data in which the calculated voltage fluctuation rate is accumulated and stored. Because of the determination, there is an advantage in that it is possible to more accurately determine the degree of deterioration acceleration and degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 than the case of determining the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11 only with the voltage change rate at a specific point in time. In addition, since the first degree of acceleration of deterioration and degree of deterioration determined in this way can be used as information for estimating the future state of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery There is an advantage of providing information capable of estimating a future state based on a first degree of acceleration of deterioration, as well as past and present states of the cell 11.
[92]
[93]
The controller 103 may calculate a rate of change between a plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell 11 among the previously stored voltage fluctuation data and the calculated voltage fluctuation rate. . Here, the voltage change rate may include an average rate of change or an instantaneous rate of change between voltage fluctuation rates. Further, the plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle may include a plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a preset number of cycles from the current cycle. For example, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of a plurality of voltage change rates included within 50 cycles from the current cycle. The calculation of the voltage change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
[94]
3 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a first battery cell calculated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a diagram illustrating a voltage variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[95]
3 and 4, the storage unit 105 stores voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 and voltage fluctuation rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 every cycle. I can. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 3, a section including a preset number of cycles for the first battery cell C1 will be described as an In section. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4, a section including a preset number of cycles for the second battery cell C2 will be described as a Jn section. Here, n is a positive integer. For example, when the preset number of cycles is 50, the I1 section may include 0 to 50 cycles of the first battery cell C1, and the I2 section may include 51 to 100 cycles of the first battery cell C1. For convenience of explanation, it will be described that the 0 cycle of the first battery cell C1 is included in I1, and the 0 cycle of the second battery cell C2 is included in the J1 period.
[96]
For example, it is assumed that the number of cycles preset to be included in one section is 50. In FIG. 3, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is 300 cycles, the control unit 103 stores 251 to 300 cycles of the voltage change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 in the storage unit 105. The voltage fluctuation rate of each cycle belonging to the included section I6 can be extracted. That is, the control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the period I6 by comparing the voltage change rate of each cycle belonging to the period I6 of the first battery cell C1 with each other. Similarly, in FIG. 4, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 is 150 cycles, the control unit 103 includes 101 to 150 of the voltage change rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 in the storage unit 105. It is possible to extract the voltage fluctuation rate of each cycle in the J3 section including the cycle. The controller 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the period J3 by comparing the voltage change rates of each cycle in the period J3 of the second battery cell C2 with each other. Here, the voltage change rate means a specific value for the rate of change.
[97]
[98]
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, if the voltage change rate is greater than or equal to 0, it will be described as a positive rate of change, and if the voltage change rate is less than 0, it will be described as a negative rate of change. In addition, an example in which the control unit 103 calculates a voltage change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5.
[99]
5 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of one section of voltage variation rates of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of a voltage variation rate included in section J3 among the voltage variation rates calculated for the second battery cell C2.
[100]
Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 5, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage change rate of a voltage change rate included in a section in which the cycle of the current battery cell 11 belongs. In this case, the controller 103 may classify a section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs into a plurality of sub-sections based on a voltage change rate of a section in which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs. Specifically, the control unit 103 converts one section into a plurality of sub-sections based on a cycle point at which the voltage change rate calculated within a section changes from a positive rate of change to a negative rate of change, or from a negative rate of change to a positive rate of change. Can be distinguished. For example, in the example of FIG. 5, the controller 103 may calculate an average rate of change for continuous cycles included in section J3 or an instantaneous rate of change for continuous cycles included in section J3. Specifically, based on 130 cycles, the voltage change rate of the section J31 may be calculated as a positive rate of change, and the voltage change rate of J32 may be calculated as a negative rate of change. Accordingly, the controller 103 may divide the J3 section of the second battery cell C2 into a J31 section and a J32 section based on 130 cycles.
[101]
That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the controller 103 may divide the J3 section into the J31 and J32 sections and calculate the voltage change rate for each of the J31 section and the J32 section. In this way, the controller 103 may divide one section into sub sections and calculate a voltage change rate for each sub section.
[102]
When calculating the rate of change between the voltage fluctuation rates included in the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs, the controller 103 may not calculate the rate of change by determining only one section to which the current cycle belongs. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a cycle time point at which the voltage change rate changes from positive to negative or negative to positive, and divide the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs into a sub section based on the determined cycle time point.
[103]
In this way, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs to only one section, but divides the sub section into a voltage change rate according to the case. Since is calculated in more detail, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined.
[104]
[105]
Also, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated voltage change rate. Here, the voltage increase/decrease pattern may include a voltage increase pattern and a voltage decrease pattern. In particular, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase or decrease pattern when the calculated change rate is a positive change rate as the voltage increase pattern. Also, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern when the calculated rate of change is a negative rate of change as the voltage decrease pattern.
[106]
For example, referring to FIG. 3, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the controller 103 determines the rate of change of the voltage of the first battery cell C1 based on the voltage change rate included in the period I1. Can be calculated. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the section I1 as a value less than 0. That is, the voltage change rate of the I1 section may be calculated as a negative rate of change. In addition, the controller 103 may determine the current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as the voltage decrease pattern based on a result of calculating the voltage change rate as a negative change rate. In addition, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of I2 to I6, the controller 103 may calculate a positive change rate based on the voltage change rate included in the corresponding section. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as a voltage increase pattern based on the calculated rate of change of the amount.
[107]
For example, referring to FIG. 4, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J2 section, the controller 103 may calculate the voltage change rate based on the voltage change rate included in the J2 section. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate of the section J2 as a value equal to or greater than 0. That is, the voltage change rate in the J2 section may be calculated as a positive change rate. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the current second battery cell C2 as a voltage increase pattern based on the calculated voltage change rate of the J2 section.
[108]
If the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J3 section, as shown in FIG. 5, the controller 103 divides the J3 section into the J31 section and the J32 section, and each of the J31 section and the J32 section The voltage change rate can be calculated. The control unit 103 may calculate the voltage change rate in the J31 section as a value greater than or equal to 0, and the voltage change rate in the J32 section as a value less than 0. That is, the voltage change rate of the J31 section may be calculated as a positive rate of change, and the voltage change rate of the J32 section may be calculated as a negative rate of change. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern in section J31 as a voltage increase pattern and determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern in section J32 as a voltage decrease pattern based on the calculated voltage change rate.
[109]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to more accurately estimate the current state of the battery cell 11 by considering not only the current state of the battery cell 11 but also the past state. have. In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention calculates a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on the voltage change rate, the future state of the battery cell 11 There is an advantage of providing information that is easy to estimate. In addition, even within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle, by dividing the section in which the voltage change rate varies from negative to positive or from positive to negative into sub-sections to determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in more detail and detail, There is an advantage of being able to more accurately estimate the current state of the battery cell 11.
[110]
[111]
Preferably, the control unit 103 may be configured to determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 only when the voltage fluctuation rate calculated for the battery cell 11 exceeds a preset voltage lower limit and is less than a preset voltage upper limit. . That is, the control unit 103 may determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern only when the voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 is within a certain range. For example, when the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is greater than or equal to a preset upper limit value, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is increased above the reference value, and the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated and there is a risk of a sudden drop. ) May be present. In addition, when the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is less than or equal to a preset lower limit, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 decreases below the reference value due to an electric short or the like, and the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated. Can be Accordingly, the control unit 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern for a case in which the battery cell 11 is normally deteriorated, except for a case in which the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated.
[112]
If the classification of the normal state or the abnormal state of the battery cell 11 is not processed in advance, the first degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the abnormal state, and the battery control condition according to the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration. There is a problem that this adjustment can further worsen the state of the battery cell 11. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention first classifies the state of the battery cell 11 into a normal state or an abnormal state, and then, only when the state of the battery cell 11 is a normal state, the voltage By determining the increase/decrease pattern and the first degree of deterioration acceleration, there is an advantage in that the time required for determining the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 can be shortened, and the accuracy of determining the state of the battery cell 11 can be improved. . Further, the battery management device 100 maintains the optimal state of the battery cell 11 by changing a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 based on the accurately determined first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. There is an advantage that can be made.
[113]
[114]
Hereinafter, the control unit 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern, determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern, and sets a preset control condition for the battery cell 11 based on the determined first degree of degeneration acceleration. Details to be changed will be described in more detail.
[115]
The control unit 103 may be configured to determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern.
[116]
For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I2 section, as in the previous example, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into a voltage increase pattern. Can be determined by The controller 103 may determine a current degree of first degeneration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the period I2 determined as the voltage increase pattern. The voltage change rate in the I2 section is a positive rate of change that is equal to or greater than 0, and the controller 103 accelerates the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I2 section. It can be judged as either degeneration or linear degeneration.
[117]
In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the period J2, the previous example and the control unit 103 refer to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 as a voltage increase pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the second battery cell C2 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the section J2 determined as the voltage increase pattern. The voltage change rate in the J2 section is a positive rate of change of 0 or more, and the controller 103 accelerates the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J2 section. It can be judged as either degeneration or linear degeneration.
[118]
In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage decrease pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration.
[119]
For example, referring to FIG. 3 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into a voltage decrease pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as a deceleration deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the section I1 of the first battery cell C1 determined as the voltage decrease pattern. The voltage change rate of the I1 section is a negative rate of change that is less than 0, and the controller 103 decelerates the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 falls within the I1 section. It can be judged as deterioration.
[120]
Likewise, referring to FIG. 4 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J4 section, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 into a voltage decrease pattern. You can decide. The control unit 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 as the deceleration deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the second battery cell C2 determined as the voltage decrease pattern in the J4 section. The voltage change rate in the J4 section is a negative rate of change that is less than 0, and the controller 103 decelerates the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J4 section. It can be judged as deterioration.
[121]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention determines a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 as an acceleration deterioration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration. By subdividing and determining, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined and diagnosed. In addition, when determining the voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage decrease pattern, the battery management apparatus 100 determines the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 only as deceleration deterioration, and determines the time required to determine the first degree of degeneration acceleration. There is an advantage that can be saved.
[122]
Specifically, among the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11, accelerated deterioration and linear deterioration can be classified according to how fast the deterioration of the battery cell 11 progresses. That is, when the calculated voltage change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference voltage change rate, the control unit 103 may be configured to determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as accelerated deterioration. Conversely, when the calculated voltage change rate is less than a preset reference voltage change rate, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as linear degeneration. Here, the preset reference voltage change rate is a reference rate of change for determining the first degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the voltage increase pattern. In addition, the preset reference voltage change rate may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[123]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the preset reference voltage change rate may be preset to increase the voltage change rate by 1% every 50 cycles. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of the periods I2, I3, I4, I5, or I6, the controller 103 controls the first battery cell C1 The voltage change rate of the section to which the current cycle of) belongs can be compared with a preset reference voltage change rate. Since the voltage change rate of each of the sections I2, I3, I4, I5, and I6 is smaller than the preset reference voltage change rate, the control unit 103 may determine the first degree of acceleration of degeneration of the first battery cell C1 as linear degeneration. .
[124]
Similarly, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J1, J2, or J3, the controller 103 is the current cycle of the second battery cell C2. The voltage change rate of the section to which it belongs may be compared with a preset reference voltage change rate.
[125]
Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6, a detailed description will be given of a comparison of a voltage change rate in a section to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs and a preset reference voltage change rate.
[126]
6 is an enlarged view illustrating another section of the voltage variation rate of a second battery cell calculated by the battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an enlarged view of the voltage variation rate included in the section J1 among the voltage variation rates calculated for the second battery cell C2.
[127]
If the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J1, J2, or J31, the control unit 103 determines the voltage change rate of the interval to which the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to a preset reference voltage. It can be compared with the rate of change.
[128]
Here, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into a J11 section and a J12 section based on the voltage change rate of the J1 section. In the process of calculating the voltage change rate of the J1 section, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into a J11 section and a J12 section based on a point at which the voltage change rate rapidly changes. That is, the controller 103 may divide one section into a first sub-section in which the calculated voltage change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference voltage change rate and a second sub-section in which the calculated voltage change rate is less than a preset reference voltage change rate. Here, it is assumed that the voltage change rate in the J11 section is greater than the preset reference voltage change rate, and that the voltage change rate in the J12 section is less than the preset reference voltage change rate. For example, the controller 103 may divide the J1 section into the J11 and J12 sections based on 20 cycles. That is, section J11 and section J12 may be sub-sections of section J1.
[129]
For example, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J11 section, the controller 103 calculates the voltage change rate in the J11 section, compares the calculated voltage change rate with a preset reference voltage change rate, The first degree of deterioration acceleration of the cell C2 may be determined as the acceleration deterioration. Conversely, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J12 section, the controller 103 calculates the voltage change rate in the J12 section, compares the calculated voltage change rate with a preset reference voltage change rate, The first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the cell C2 may be determined as linear degeneration.
[130]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration with respect to the voltage increase pattern, and the preset reference voltage change rate and the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belong. By comparing the voltage change rates of the sections, the first degree of deterioration acceleration may be determined by subdividing into any one of acceleration degeneration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration. Accordingly, there is an advantage that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be further subdivided and diagnosed in detail.
[131]
[132]
Preferably, only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of acceleration of degeneration of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the determined voltage increase pattern. Can be configured to
[133]
For example, referring to FIG. 3 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I2 section, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into a voltage increase pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine a current degree of first degeneration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the period I2 determined as the voltage increase pattern.
[134]
Likewise, referring to FIG. 4 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the period J2, the control unit 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 into a voltage increase pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the second battery cell C2 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the section J2 determined as the voltage increase pattern. In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage decrease pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration.
[135]
That is, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage decrease pattern, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as only deceleration deterioration, and the first deterioration acceleration. There is an advantage of saving the time required to determine the degree.
[136]
For example, referring to FIG. 3 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the period I1, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 into a voltage decrease pattern. You can decide. The controller 103 may determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as a deceleration deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the section I1 of the first battery cell C1 determined as the voltage decrease pattern.
[137]
Likewise, referring to FIG. 4 as in the previous example, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J4 section, the controller 103 converts the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 into a voltage decrease pattern. You can decide. The control unit 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 as the deceleration deterioration according to the voltage change rate of the second battery cell C2 determined as the voltage decrease pattern in the J4 section.
[138]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention determines a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 as an acceleration deterioration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration. By subdividing and determining, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined and diagnosed.
[139]
[140]
The preset control condition may include at least one of a stalk rate (C-RATE) or a discharge end voltage (Vmin) set for the battery cell 11. The preset control condition is preset for the battery cell 11 when the battery cell 11 is shipped or initially operated, and then, by the control unit 103 according to the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. can be changed. In addition, the preset control conditions may be stored in the storage unit 105. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a preset control condition may be set for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4. have.
[141]
Further, the control unit 103 uses the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 previously measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is either accelerated deterioration or linear degeneration as a reference open-circuit voltage. Can be set to That is, the control unit 103 may not set the reference open-circuit voltage when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is deceleration deterioration.
[142]
First, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 and determine a first degree of degeneration acceleration according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. In addition, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is either acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. Here, the start cycle may be a starting point of the same voltage increase/decrease pattern while continuing with the current voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 determined by the controller 103. That is, the control unit 103 is the best section determined by the same voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs, among consecutive sections prior to the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs. You can choose. In addition, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the selected best section.
[143]
For example, when the first deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 after the 0 cycle is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, and all voltage increase/decrease patterns of the battery cells 11 are determined as voltage increase patterns, the start of the voltage increase pattern The cycle can be 0 cycles. As another example, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 0 to 100 is a voltage decrease pattern, and the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 101 to the current cycle is determined as a voltage increase pattern, the voltage increase pattern The starting cycle of may be 101 cycles. After the start cycle is selected, the controller 103 may set the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured in the selected start cycle as the reference open circuit voltage.
[144]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I6 section, the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the I1 section is a voltage decrease pattern, and the voltage increase/decrease patterns in the I2 to I6 section are all Assume that it is a voltage increase pattern. For convenience of explanation, in this example, a voltage increase/decrease pattern is assumed in the section I1 to I6, but a detailed description of a process in which the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern for each section will be described later. The control unit 103 may select the best section in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the same voltage increase/decrease pattern as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the I6 section among consecutive sections prior to section I6 to which the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs. . In this case, a section continuous with section I6 among sections before section I6 is section I1 to section I5. In addition, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the I2 to I5 section among the I1 to I5 sections is the same as the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the I6 section. Accordingly, the control unit 103 may select the I2 section as the best section. In addition, the controller 103 may set the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 measured in the start cycle of the period I2 as the reference open circuit voltage.
[145]
In addition, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference open-circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit 101. For example, if the set reference open-circuit voltage is 2.8V and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit 101 is 2.81V, the controller 103 may calculate 0.01V as a voltage comparison value.
[146]
For example, as in the previous example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the section I6, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the section I1 is a voltage decrease pattern, and It is assumed that all voltage increase and decrease patterns are voltage increase patterns. The control unit 103 may compare the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1, that is, the reference open circuit voltage measured in the start cycle of the period I2, with the open circuit voltage measured in the current cycle of the first battery cell C1. . The controller 103 may calculate a difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage measured in the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 as a voltage comparison value.
[147]
In addition, the controller 103 may be configured to change at least one of a stalk rate or a discharge end voltage based on a voltage conversion value converted from the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset voltage conversion standard. Here, the preset voltage conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the control unit 103 converts the calculated voltage comparison value into a converted value corresponding to the stalk or discharge end voltage, and changes the stalk or discharge end voltage according to the converted value, thereby presetting the battery cell 11. Control conditions can be changed.
[148]
For example, the control unit 103 calculates a voltage comparison value that is a difference between the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, and calculates a converted value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset conversion criterion. , C-RATE of the battery cell 11 may be decelerated according to the calculated conversion value. For example, the control unit 103 decelerates the C-RATE of the battery cell 11 by 1% from the initially set C-RATE whenever the current open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 increases by 5mV from the reference open-circuit voltage. I can. Here, the initially set C-RATE is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[149]
As another example, the controller 103 may calculate a voltage difference between the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, and may increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 based on the calculated voltage difference. . For example, the controller 103 may increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 1 mV from the initially set discharge end voltage whenever the current open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 increases by 1 mV from the reference open voltage. have. Here, the initially set discharge end voltage is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[150]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may change a control condition preset for the battery cell 11 according to the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11. For example, even for the battery cells 11 produced through the same production facility, the state or specifications of the battery cells 11 such as usable capacity may be slightly different for various reasons. Therefore, in a device including a plurality of battery cells 11 such as an electric vehicle, if the control conditions of the battery cells 11 are collectively changed according to the cycle or use period of the battery cells 11, the battery cells ( 11) There may be a problem that the optimal control conditions for each are not set. Accordingly, in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, by changing a preset control condition for each of the battery cells 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern of each of the battery cells 11, each of the battery cells 11 There is an advantage of being able to maintain the control conditions of the optimum conditions. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has an advantage of maintaining the life of the battery cell 11 for a longer time, and preventing fatal problems such as overdischarge in advance.
[151]
[152]
Preferably, the preset voltage conversion criterion is a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate rate, and a second voltage for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage. Conversion criteria may be included. In addition, the first voltage conversion criterion and the second voltage conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[153]
For example, the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to a stalk rate, and may convert a voltage comparison value of 5 mV into a value corresponding to a stalk rate of 1%. That is, if the voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage of the current cycle is 5 mV, the control unit 103 calculates 1% as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first voltage conversion criterion. can do.
[154]
As another example, the second voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting the voltage comparison value into a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage, and may convert the voltage comparison value 1mV into a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage, 1mV. That is, if the voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the open circuit voltage of the current cycle is 1 mV, the controller 103 calculates 1 mV as a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage according to the second voltage conversion criterion. can do.
[155]
Specifically, a first voltage conversion value obtained by converting the voltage comparison value calculated by the control unit 103 according to the first voltage conversion criterion may be obtained. In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the slate according to the obtained first voltage conversion value.
[156]
For example, as in the previous example, if 1% is calculated as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first voltage conversion criterion, the control unit 103 decelerates by 1%, which is the converted value obtained by calculating the slate of the battery cell 11 I can make it.
[157]
Also, the controller 103 may obtain a second voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to the second voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the discharge end voltage according to the acquired second voltage conversion value.
[158]
For example, if 1mV is calculated as a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage according to the second voltage conversion criterion, the controller 103 may increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 1mV, which is the calculated conversion value.
[159]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is based on a voltage comparison value obtained by comparing the reference open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 and the current open circuit voltage, which is a preset control condition for the battery cell 11. At least one or more of the sill rate and the discharge end voltage may be changed. That is, since the reference open-circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is set based on the past voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is Based on the past voltage fluctuation rate, a control condition preset in the current battery cell 11 may be changed. Therefore, since the most optimized control condition is set for the current state of the battery cell 11, the deterioration of the battery cell 11 proceeds slowly, and the battery cell 11 can be used for a longer time.
[160]
[161]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset voltage conversion criterion only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the stalk and discharge end voltages is changed. That is, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, the control unit 103 may change at least one of a sill rate or a discharge end voltage that is a control condition preset for the battery cell 11. . In addition, the controller 103 may be configured to change a preset voltage conversion criterion only when it is determined that the first degree of deterioration acceleration is the acceleration deterioration.
[162]
For example, it is assumed that the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 5mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to the slate. do. The controller 103 may change the slate of the battery cell 11 according to the first voltage conversion criterion. Further, since the degree of the first deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be the acceleration deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the first voltage conversion criterion. That is, the first voltage conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 5mV to a first voltage conversion value of 1%, to a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 4.5mV to a first voltage conversion value of 1%.
[163]
For example, it is assumed that the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 at the first point in time is the acceleration deterioration, the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 5 mV, and the initial thickness of the battery cell 11 is 100%. . In addition, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the first voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 5mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to a slate rate. The controller 103 may decelerate the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 by 1% from 100% to 99% according to the first voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may change the first voltage conversion criterion to convert the voltage comparison value of 4.5mV into a first voltage conversion value of 1% corresponding to the stalk rate. Thereafter, when the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the battery cell 11 is still determined to be accelerated deterioration at a second point in time consecutive to the first point of time, and the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is 4.5 mV , The controller 103 may further reduce the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 by 1% from 99% to 98% according to the changed first voltage conversion criterion.
[164]
As another example, for example, the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the second voltage conversion criterion is to convert a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1mV corresponding to the discharge end voltage. It is assumed to be the standard. The controller 103 may change the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 according to the second voltage conversion criterion. In addition, since the degree of the first deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined as the acceleration deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the second voltage conversion criterion. That is, the second voltage conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV to a second voltage conversion value of 1mV, and a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 0.9mV to a second voltage conversion value of 1mV.
[165]
For example, at the first point in time, the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, the difference between the reference open-circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 1mV, and the initial discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 is 2.8V. It is assumed to be set. Also, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the second voltage conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a voltage comparison value of 1mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1mV corresponding to the discharge end voltage. The controller 103 may increase the discharge end voltage set in the battery cell 11 by 1mV from 2.8V to 2.801V according to the second voltage conversion criterion. In addition, the controller 103 may change the second voltage conversion criterion to convert the voltage comparison value of 0.9 mV into a second voltage conversion value of 1 mV corresponding to the discharge end voltage. Thereafter, when the degree of acceleration of the first deterioration of the battery cell 11 is still determined to be accelerated deterioration at a second point in time consecutive to the first point of time, and the difference between the reference open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 is 0.9 mV, , The controller 103 may further increase the discharge end voltage set in the battery cell 11 from 2.801V to 2.802V by 1mV according to the changed second voltage conversion criterion.
[166]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not change the preset voltage conversion criterion when the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 is linear degeneration, but When the first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed, and a preset voltage conversion criterion may be changed. That is, when the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, since the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is rapidly progressing, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention Whenever a preset control condition is changed, a preset voltage conversion criterion is adjusted, thereby reducing a voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and preventing rapid deterioration of the battery cell 11.
[167]
[168]
The controller 103 may be configured to return the preset voltage conversion criterion to the voltage conversion criterion before the change only when the first deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration after the preset voltage conversion criterion is changed.
[169]
For example, the control unit 103 determines a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as an acceleration deterioration at a first time point, and changes a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 according to the first voltage conversion criterion, The first voltage conversion criterion can be changed. Thereafter, at a time point after the first time point, if the control unit 103 determines the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the changed first voltage conversion criterion is initially set at the first time point. It can be changed based on voltage conversion. That is, after the predetermined first voltage conversion criterion of the battery cell 11 is changed, if the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the rapid deterioration (acceleration deterioration) of the battery cell 11 Since is not in progress, the changed first voltage conversion criterion may be initialized to the original first voltage conversion criterion. Likewise, after the second voltage conversion criterion is changed, if the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the controller 103 sets the changed second voltage conversion criterion to the initially set second voltage. Can be initialized with conversion criteria.
[170]
That is, in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, and the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is rapidly progressing, The voltage conversion standard set in (11) can be appropriately changed. Therefore, the control condition of the battery cell 11 can be set to be most optimized to the current state of the battery cell 11, and the risk of over-discharging or plunging of the battery cell 11 is reduced. It is safe and can be used for a long time.
[171]
[172]
The controller 103 may determine a second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on an electric resistance fluctuation rate as well as a voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11.
[173]
The controller 103 may calculate the current resistance of the battery cell 11 based on the received open circuit voltage. Specifically, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance of the battery cell 11 from the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 received from the voltage measurement unit 101. For example, the control unit 103 may calculate the current resistance of the battery cell 11 according to the calculation formula of "(|CCV EoD -OCV EoD |) ÷ i t1 ". Here, CCV EoD is the charging or discharging voltage of the battery cell 11 measured after the time t1 from the time when the OCV EoD of the battery cell 11 is measured, and OCV EoD is the voltage of the battery cell 11 in the discharge situation. It is the open circuit voltage of the battery cell 11 measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached, and i t1 may mean the amount of charging or discharging current flowing during t1 hour.
[174]
The control unit 103 may compare the current resistance calculated by the voltage measurement unit 101 with a pre-stored reference resistance to calculate a resistance variation rate. Here, the pre-stored reference resistance is a reference value for comparison with the current resistance of the battery cell 11 calculated by the control unit 103 and may be a value previously stored in the storage unit 105. For example, the previously stored reference resistance may be the resistance of the battery cell 11 measured at a predetermined cycle time. The controller 103 may calculate a ratio or difference of the resistance of the current battery cell 11 to the previously stored reference resistance as a resistance change rate.
[175]
For example, it is assumed that the reference resistance previously stored for the first battery cell C1 shown in FIG. 1 is A2[Ω]. In addition, based on the open circuit voltage of the first battery cell C1 measured by the voltage measuring unit 101 at the first point in time, the current resistance of the first battery cell C1 calculated by the control unit 103 is B2[ Ω]. The controller 103 may calculate the rate of change in resistance of the first battery cell C1 at the first point in time as a ratio of B2[Ω] to A2[Ω]. For example, the rate of change in resistance of the first battery cell C1 at the first point in time may be calculated by a calculation formula of “(B2 ÷ A2)×100”.
[176]
The controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate and previously stored resistance change rate data. Here, the previously stored resistance variation rate data is reference data for comparison with the calculated resistance variation rate, and may be previously stored in the storage unit 105. The control unit 103 may update the previously stored resistance fluctuation data by adding the calculated resistance fluctuation rate to the previously stored resistance fluctuation data. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the updated resistance change rate data.
[177]
For example, the previously stored resistance fluctuation rate data may be data in which the resistance fluctuation rate calculated in the past by the control unit 103 is stored. In this case, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on all resistance fluctuation rates calculated after a predetermined cycle time when the reference resistance is calculated. The resistance increase/decrease pattern may include various patterns such as a resistance increase pattern, a resistance decrease pattern, or a resistance constant pattern. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it will be described that the resistance increase/decrease pattern includes a resistance increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern, and the resistance increase pattern includes a pattern excluding a resistance decrease pattern such as a constant resistance pattern.
[178]
The controller 103 may determine a second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern. Here, the second degree of deterioration acceleration, like the first degree of degeneration acceleration, may be information indicating whether the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is getting faster or getting slower. That is, the controller 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern for the battery cell 11, and determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern. I can.
[179]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the controller 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1, and according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern, the first battery cell ( It is possible to determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration of C1). Similarly, the control unit 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern for the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4, and the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern According to the second degree of deterioration acceleration can be determined.
[180]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset control condition based on the calculated resistance change rate and the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration. That is, when both the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase pattern of the battery cell 11 are determined, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11. In addition, the control unit 103 may change a preset control condition for the battery cell 11 according to the determined second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 and the calculated resistance change rate of the battery cell 11.
[181]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the controller 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern, a resistance increase/decrease pattern, and a second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1, and the calculated first battery cell C1 A preset control condition for the first battery cell C1 may be changed according to the resistance change rate of the current cycle of. In addition, the control unit 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern, a resistance increase/decrease pattern, and a second deterioration acceleration degree of the second battery cell C2, and the second battery cell according to the calculated resistance change rate of the second battery cell C2. Control conditions preset for (C2) can be changed. Similarly, for the third battery cell (C3) and the fourth battery cell (C4), the control unit 103 is also based on the determined second degeneration acceleration degree and the calculated resistance change rate, the third battery cell (C3) and the fourth battery cell (C4). Control conditions preset for each of the battery cells C4 may be changed.
[182]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention changes a preset control condition for the battery cell 11 based on a second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 and a resistance change rate in the current cycle. I can. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention accurately determines the current state of the battery cell 11, and thus, the control condition of the battery cell 11 so that the life of the battery cell 11 lasts longer. It has the advantage of being able to take action to change it.
[183]
[184]
Like the first degree of deterioration acceleration, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration as one of acceleration deterioration, linear degeneration, or deceleration deterioration.
[185]
In particular, the control unit 103 may independently determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration for each of the battery cells 11. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 1, the control unit 103, the first battery cell (C1), the second battery cell (C2), the third battery cell (C3) and the fourth battery cell (C4) respectively It is possible to determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern. In addition, the control unit 103 may each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern. It is possible to separately determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration. In addition, the control unit 103 presets each of the first battery cell (C1), the second battery cell (C2), the third battery cell (C3), and the fourth battery cell (C4) according to the determined second deterioration acceleration degree. The control conditions can be changed to suit the current state of each battery cell.
[186]
[187]
Preferably, the pre-stored reference resistance may include a reference resistance calculated based on the reference voltage pre-stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the pre-stored reference resistance corresponds to the pre-stored reference voltage, and is based on the open circuit voltage when the battery cell 11 is discharged at a predetermined cycle time and the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage. It may be the calculated resistance. The previously stored reference resistance may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[188]
For example, the reference voltage A1[V] may be previously stored in the storage unit 105, and the reference resistance A2[Ω] calculated based on the reference voltage A1 may be previously stored.
[189]
Preferably, the previously stored resistance variation rate data may be configured to include the resistance variation rate calculated by the control unit 103 whenever the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measurement unit 101. That is, from after the predetermined cycle to before the present, the voltage measuring unit 101 may measure the open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage due to discharge. Further, the control unit 103 calculates the current resistance based on the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measurement unit 101, and according to the calculated current resistance and the reference resistance previously stored in the storage unit 105, the battery cell 11 ) Can be calculated. In addition, the calculated resistance variation rate may be included in the voltage variation rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[190]
For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the resistance change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 includes the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point to the N-1 time point. I can. Here, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and when N is 2, only the resistance variation rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the first time point may be included in the previously stored resistance variation rate data. When the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 is calculated by the control unit 103 at the Nth time point, the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 calculated at the Nth time point is previously stored in the storage unit 105. It can be included in the resistance change rate data In this case, the first to Nth resistance fluctuation rates may be included in the resistance fluctuation data previously stored in the storage unit 105.
[191]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on the resistance change rate data previously stored in the storage unit 105 from a past time point to a current time point. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 based on pre-stored resistance change rate data that accumulates and stores the resistance change rate calculated in the past. In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 determines the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the current battery cell 11 based on the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern and the voltage increase/decrease pattern, There is an advantage in that it is possible to more accurately determine the second degree of acceleration of degeneration or degree of degeneration of the battery cell 11 than the case of determining the degree of degeneration. In addition, a predetermined control condition of the battery cell 11 may be changed to be optimized to the current state of the battery cell 11 based on the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration.
[192]
In addition, since the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 can be used as information for estimating a future state, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention And information capable of estimating a future state based on the current state as well as the second degree of deterioration acceleration.
[193]
[194]
The controller 103 may calculate a resistance change rate between the calculated resistance change rate and a plurality of resistance change rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell 11 from among the previously stored resistance change rate data. Here, the resistance rate of change may include an average rate of change or an instantaneous rate of change between resistance rates. In addition, the plurality of resistance fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle may include a plurality of resistance fluctuation rates included within a preset number of cycles from the current cycle. For example, the control unit 103 may calculate a resistance change rate among a plurality of resistance change rates included within 50 cycles from the current cycle. The calculation of the resistance change rate will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
[195]
7 is a diagram illustrating a change rate of resistance of a first battery cell calculated by an apparatus for estimating a battery state according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a variation rate of resistance of a second battery cell calculated by an apparatus for estimating a battery state according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[196]
7 and 8, the storage unit 105 may store resistance fluctuation data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 and resistance fluctuation data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 every cycle. have. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 7, a section including a preset number of cycles for the first battery cell C1 will be described as an In section. Likewise, as shown in FIG. 8, a section including a preset number of cycles for the second battery cell C2 will be described as a Jn section. Here, the In section shown in FIG. 7 may correspond to the In section shown in FIG. 3, and the Jn section shown in FIG. 8 may correspond to the Jn section shown in FIG. 4.
[197]
For example, it is assumed that the number of cycles preset to be included in one section is 50. In FIG. 7, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is 300 cycles, the control unit 103 stores 251 to 300 cycles of the resistance change rate data previously stored for the first battery cell C1 in the storage unit 105. It is possible to extract the resistance fluctuation rate of each cycle belonging to the included section I6. That is, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the period I6 by comparing the resistance change rates of each cycle belonging to the period I6 of the first battery cell C1 with each other. Similarly, in FIG. 8, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 is 150 cycles, the control unit 103 includes 101 to 150 of the resistance change rate data previously stored for the second battery cell C2 in the storage unit 105. It is possible to extract the resistance fluctuation rate in the J3 section including the cycle. The controller 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the J3 period by comparing the resistance change rates of the cycles belonging to the J3 section of the second battery cell C2 with each other. Here, the rate of change of resistance means a specific value for the rate of change.
[198]
[199]
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, if the resistance change rate is greater than or equal to 0, it is described as a positive rate of change, and when the resistance change rate is less than 0, it will be described as a negative rate of change.
[200]
As in the example of calculating the voltage change rate previously described with reference to FIG. 5, when calculating the resistance change rate between the resistance change rates included in the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs, the section to which the current cycle belongs is one. The resistance change rate may not be calculated by judging only In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a cycle time point at which the resistance change rate changes from positive to negative or negative to positive, and divide the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs into a sub section based on the determined cycle time point. That is, the controller 103 may divide the one section into a plurality of sub-sections according to the change rate of the resistance change rate belonging to one section, and calculate the resistance change rate for each of the divided sub-sections.
[201]
In this way, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs to only one section, but divides the sub-sections according to the case and the resistance change rate Since is calculated in more detail, there is an advantage in that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be more accurately determined.
[202]
[203]
Also, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate. Here, the resistance increase/decrease pattern may include a resistance increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern. In particular, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase or decrease pattern when the calculated change rate is a positive change rate as the resistance increase pattern. In addition, the control unit 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance decrease pattern when the calculated rate of change is a negative rate of change.
[204]
For example, referring to FIG. 7, when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the section I1, the control unit 103 determines the rate of change of the resistance of the first battery cell C1 based on the resistance change rate included in the section I1 Can be calculated. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the section I1 as a value equal to or greater than 0. That is, the resistance change rate of the I1 section may be calculated as a positive change rate. In addition, the controller 103 may determine the current resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as the resistance increase pattern based on the result of calculating the resistance change rate as a positive change rate. Similarly, even when the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of I2 to I6, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate as a positive change rate based on the resistance change rate included in the corresponding section. . In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current first battery cell C1 as a resistance increase pattern based on a result calculated as a positive change rate.
[205]
As another example, referring to FIG. 8, when the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to the J1 section, the controller 103 calculates the resistance change rate of the J1 section based on the resistance change rate of each cycle included in the J1 section. Can be calculated. In this case, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate of the section J1 as a value equal to or greater than 0. That is, the resistance change rate in the J1 section may be calculated as a positive change rate. In addition, the controller 103 may determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current second battery cell C2 as a resistance increase pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate of the section J1. Similarly, even if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of J2 to J6, the control unit 103 may calculate the resistance change rate as a positive change rate based on the resistance change rate included in the corresponding section. . In addition, the control unit 103 may determine the resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance increase pattern even for the interval J2 to J6 calculated with a positive rate of change as described above.
[206]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the current battery cell 11 according to the calculated resistance change rate of the current cycle and the past resistance change rate stored in the previously stored resistance change rate data. Therefore, there is an advantage of estimating the state of the battery cell 11 in consideration of not only the current state of the battery cell 11 but also the state of the past. In addition, since the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention calculates a resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and determines a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the calculated resistance change rate, There is an advantage in that it can provide information that makes it easy to estimate a future state.
[207]
[208]
Preferably, the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 as a voltage increase pattern, and only when the calculated resistance change rate exceeds a preset lower limit of resistance, the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 Can be configured to determine. That is, the controller 103 determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance change rate exceeds a preset lower limit of resistance, and according to the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern, the battery cell ( It is possible to determine the degree of acceleration of the second deterioration of 11). For example, as described above, in a discharge situation, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage decrease pattern, the open circuit voltage affects the resistance change factor of the battery cell 11. In addition, when the resistance fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 is less than a preset lower limit value, the open circuit voltage and resistance of the battery cell 11 decrease to less than the reference value due to an electric short, etc. This is the case. Therefore, the control unit 103 uses the case where the battery cell 11 is normally degraded, except when the open circuit voltage affects the resistance change factor of the battery cell 11 and the case where the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated. It is only possible to determine the resistance increase or decrease pattern.
[209]
If the classification of normal deterioration or abnormal deterioration of the battery cell 11 is not processed in advance, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is determined according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern in the abnormal degeneration state, and the battery is controlled according to the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration. There is a problem that the condition is adjusted and the condition of the battery cell 11 can be further deteriorated. Accordingly, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the resistance increase/decrease pattern and the second degree of acceleration of deterioration only when the state of the battery cell 11 is in a normal deterioration state. There is an advantage in that the time required for determining the degree of the second deterioration acceleration can be shortened and the accuracy of determining the state of the battery cell 11 can be improved.
[210]
[211]
Hereinafter, the controller 103 determines a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern, determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern, and the battery cell ( Details of changing the control conditions preset in 11) will be described in more detail.
[212]
The controller 103 determines the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern. Can be configured. In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance decrease pattern, the controller 103 may be configured to determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration. . Specifically, in a discharge situation, the open circuit voltage may have an influence on the change factor of resistance. For example, in the case of a voltage decrease pattern or a voltage increase pattern and a resistance decrease pattern, it can be regarded as a case where an open circuit voltage affects a change factor of resistance. Accordingly, the controller 103 may be configured to determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 according to the resistance increase/decrease pattern and the resistance change rate only when the open circuit voltage does not affect the resistance change factor.
[213]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 7, as in the previous example, the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1 as a voltage decrease pattern in section I1 and a voltage increase pattern in section I2 to I6. I can. In addition, the controller 103 may determine all of the sections I1 to I6 as the resistance increase pattern with respect to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the first battery cell C1. At this time, the control unit 103, based on the calculated resistance change rate of each section, only for sections I2 to I6 in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is determined as the voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern, the first battery cell ( It is possible to determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration of C1). That is, the control unit 103 selects a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 can be determined only by the resistance increase/decrease pattern in consideration of the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and only for the selected section according to the resistance change rate. The second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 may be determined. In the above example, the control unit 103 selects a section I2 to I6 as a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the first battery cell C1 can be determined only by the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and the resistance change rate of each of the selected I2 to I6 sections. Accordingly, the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 for each section may be determined as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[214]
As another example, referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, as in the previous example, the controller 103 is configured to increase/decrease the voltage of the second battery cell C2 in the period J1 to J31 as a voltage increase pattern, and the period J32 to J7 It can be determined by the voltage reduction pattern. In addition, the controller 103 may determine all of the intervals J1 to J6 as the resistance increase pattern with respect to the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2. At this time, the control unit 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the second battery cell C2 based on the calculated resistance change rate of each section only for the section J1 to J31 in which the resistance increase/decrease pattern is the resistance increase pattern. The second degree of acceleration of degeneration can be determined. That is, the control unit 103 selects the J1 to J31 section as a section in which the second deterioration acceleration degree of the second battery cell C2 can be determined only with the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and is based on the resistance change rate of each of the selected J1 to J31 sections. Accordingly, the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the second battery cell C2 for each section may be determined as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[215]
That is, in the discharge situation of the battery cell 11, unlike the charging situation, the state of the battery cell 11 can be accurately diagnosed only when the factor of change in resistance due to the open circuit voltage is considered. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on the resistance change rate in consideration of the change factor of the resistance in the discharge situation. There is an advantage of being able to more accurately determine the state of the second degree of deterioration acceleration, degree of degeneration, and the like of the battery cell 11.
[216]
[217]
As described above, among the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11, accelerated deterioration and linear deterioration can be classified according to how fast the deterioration of the battery cell 11 progresses. When the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is greater than or equal to a preset reference resistance change rate, the controller 103 accelerates the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. It can be configured to determine as. In addition, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate is less than a preset reference resistance change rate, the controller 103 determines the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. It can be configured to determine as linear degeneration. Conversely, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage decrease pattern, or when the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance decrease pattern, the control unit 103 does not consider the resistance increase/decrease pattern, and is based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern. The second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 may be determined.
[218]
Here, the preset reference resistance change rate is a reference rate of change for determining the second degree of deterioration acceleration as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration when the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the resistance increase pattern. For example, the preset reference resistance change rate may be preset to increase the resistance change rate by 10% every 100 cycles. In addition, the preset reference resistance change rate may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[219]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 7, if the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to any one of periods I2 to I6, the control unit 103 determines that the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is The resistance change rate of the section to which it belongs may be compared with a preset reference resistance change rate. That is, since the I2 to I6 section is a section in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, the control unit 103 determines the resistance change rate of the section to which the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs. It can be compared with a preset reference resistance change rate. For example, assuming that the resistance change rate of the section I2 to I6 is smaller than the preset reference resistance change rate, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the first battery cell C1 as linear degeneration.
[220]
Similarly, in the embodiments of FIGS. 4, 5 and 8, if the current cycle of the second battery cell C2 belongs to any one of the intervals J1 to J31, the controller 103 The resistance change rate of the section to which the current cycle belongs can be compared with a preset reference resistance change rate. That is, in the period J1 to J31, since the voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is a resistance increase pattern, the control unit 103 determines the resistance change rate of the period to which the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs. It can be compared with a preset reference resistance change rate. For example, assuming that the resistance change rate in the interval J1 to J31 is greater than the preset reference resistance change rate, the control unit 103 may determine the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the first battery cell C1 as the acceleration degeneration.
[221]
For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 to 8, section I1 and section J32 to J6 are sections in which the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage decrease pattern. Accordingly, the controller 103 may determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration based on the voltage increase/decrease pattern without determining the second degree of deterioration acceleration based on the resistance increase/decrease pattern for the section I1 and the period J32 to J6.
[222]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not uniformly determine the degree of the second deterioration acceleration for the resistance increase pattern, but compares the preset reference resistance change rate and the resistance change rate to accelerate the second deterioration. The degree can be determined by subdividing the degree into either accelerated degeneration or linear degeneration. Accordingly, there is an advantage that the current state of the battery cell 11 can be further subdivided and diagnosed in detail.
[223]
[224]
The preset control condition may include at least one of a stalk rate (C-RATE) or a discharge end voltage (Vmin) set for the battery cell 11. The preset control condition is preset for the battery cell 11 when the battery cell 11 is shipped or initially operated, and then by the control unit 103 according to the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. can be changed. In addition, the preset control conditions may be stored in the storage unit 105. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a preset control condition may be set for each of the first battery cell C1, the second battery cell C2, the third battery cell C3, and the fourth battery cell C4. have.
[225]
In addition, the control unit 103 determines a battery cell ( The resistance fluctuation rate in 11) can be set as the reference resistance fluctuation rate. That is, when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is deceleration deterioration, the control unit 103 may not set the reference resistance variation rate.
[226]
First, the controller 103 may determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11, and may determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern. In addition, when the second degree of deterioration acceleration is either acceleration deterioration or linear degeneration, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the determined resistance increase/decrease pattern. Here, the start cycle of the resistance increase/decrease pattern corresponds to the start cycle of the voltage increase/decrease pattern described above, and may be the starting point of the same resistance increase/decrease pattern while continuing with the current resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 determined by the controller 103. have. That is, the control unit 103 is the best section determined by the same resistance increase/decrease pattern as the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs among consecutive sections before the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs. You can choose. In addition, the control unit 103 may select a start cycle of the selected best section.
[227]
For example, when the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 after the 0 cycle is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, and the resistance increase/decrease patterns of the battery cells 11 are all determined as resistance increase patterns, the start of the resistance increase pattern The cycle can be 0 cycles. As another example, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 0 to 100 is a resistance decrease pattern, and the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 in cycles 101 to the current cycle is determined as a resistance increase pattern, the resistance increase pattern The starting cycle of may be 101 cycles. After the start cycle is selected, the controller 103 may set the resistance variation rate of the battery cell 11 measured in the selected start cycle as the reference resistance variation rate.
[228]
For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, it is assumed that the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 belongs to the I6 section, and all resistance increase/decrease patterns in the I1 to I6 sections are resistance increase patterns. In addition, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the I2 to I6 section among the sections shown in FIG. 3 is a voltage increase pattern. The control unit 103 increases or decreases the resistance of the first battery cell C1, the voltage increase/decrease pattern is the same as the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the I6 period, among consecutive periods prior to the period I6 to which the current cycle of the first battery cell belongs. You can select the best section of the pattern. In this case, a section continuous with section I6 among sections before section I6 is section I1 to section I5. In addition, among the periods I1 to I5, the voltage increase/decrease pattern in the period I2 to I5 is the voltage increase pattern, and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is the same as the resistance increase/decrease pattern in the I6 period. Accordingly, the control unit 103 may select the I2 section as the best section. In addition, the controller 103 may set the resistance variation rate of the first battery cell C1 measured in the start cycle of the I2 section as the reference resistance variation rate.
[229]
In addition, the control unit 103 may calculate a resistance comparison value obtained by comparing the set reference resistance variation rate and the resistance variation rate received from the voltage measurement unit 101. For example, if the set reference resistance variation rate is 100% and the resistance variation rate received from the voltage measurement unit 101 is 110%, the controller 103 may calculate 10% as a resistance comparison value.
[230]
For example, as in the previous example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the control unit 103 determines the resistance change rate of the first battery cell C1 measured in the start cycle of the I2 section, that is, the reference resistance change rate as the first battery cell ( It can be compared with the measured resistance fluctuation rate in the current cycle of C1). The controller 103 may calculate a difference between the reference resistance variation rate and the resistance variation rate measured in the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 as a resistance comparison value. In the example of FIG. 7, if the reference resistance variation rate is 130% and the resistance variation rate measured in the current cycle of the first battery cell C1 is 142%, the controller 103 may calculate 12% as the resistance comparison value. .
[231]
In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change at least one of a stalk rate or a discharge end voltage based on a resistance conversion value converted from the calculated resistance comparison value according to a preset resistance conversion standard. Here, the preset resistance conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105. That is, the control unit 103 converts the calculated resistance comparison value into a conversion value corresponding to the stalk or discharge end voltage, and changes the stalk or discharge end voltage according to the converted value, Control conditions can be changed.
[232]
For example, the control unit 103 calculates a resistance comparison value that is a difference between the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and the current resistance change rate, and calculates a resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to a preset conversion criterion. , C-RATE of the battery cell 11 may be decelerated according to the calculated conversion value. For example, the control unit 103 decelerates the C-RATE of the battery cell 11 by 1% from the initially set C-RATE whenever the current resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 increases by 5% from the reference resistance change rate. I can. Here, the initially set C-RATE is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[233]
As another example, the controller 103 may calculate a resistance difference between the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and the current resistance change rate, and increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 based on the calculated resistance difference. For example, the control unit 103 may increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 10 mV from the initially set discharge end voltage whenever the current resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 increases by 5% from the reference resistance change rate. have. Here, the initially set discharge end voltage is set for each battery cell 11 and may be stored in advance in the storage unit 105.
[234]
In the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, by changing a preset control condition for each of the battery cells 11 according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern of each battery cell 11, the battery cell 11 ) It has the advantage of maintaining each control condition as an optimal condition. In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of maintaining the life of the battery cell 11 for a longer time, and preventing fatal problems such as overdischarge and sudden drop risk in advance. have.
[235]
[236]
Preferably, the preset resistance conversion criterion is a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate and a second resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage. Conversion criteria may be included. In addition, the first resistance conversion criterion and the second resistance conversion criterion may be stored in the storage unit 105.
[237]
For example, the first resistance conversion criterion is a criterion for converting a resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to a stalk rate, and may convert a resistance comparison value of 5% into a value corresponding to a stalk rate of 1%. That is, if the resistance comparison value obtained by comparing the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and the resistance change rate of the current cycle is 5%, the control unit 103 sets 1% as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first resistance conversion criterion. Can be calculated.
[238]
As another example, the second resistance conversion criterion is a criterion for converting the resistance comparison value to a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage, and may convert a resistance comparison value of 5% into a value of 10 mV corresponding to the discharge end voltage. That is, if the resistance comparison value obtained by comparing the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and the resistance change rate of the current cycle is 5%, the control unit 103 sets 10 mV as a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage according to the second resistance conversion criterion. Can be calculated.
[239]
Specifically, a first resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the first resistance conversion criterion may be obtained. In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the slate according to the obtained first resistance conversion value.
[240]
For example, as in the previous example, if 1% is calculated as a value corresponding to the slate according to the first resistance conversion criterion, the control unit 103 decelerates by 1%, which is the converted value obtained by calculating the slate of the battery cell 11 I can make it.
[241]
Also, the controller 103 may obtain a second resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the second resistance conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change the discharge end voltage according to the acquired second resistance conversion value.
[242]
For example, if 10mV is calculated as a value corresponding to the discharge end voltage according to the second resistance conversion criterion, the controller 103 may increase the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 by 10mV, which is the calculated conversion value.
[243]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is based on a resistance comparison value obtained by comparing a reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and a current resistance change rate, At least one or more of the rate and the discharge end voltage may be changed. That is, since the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 is set based on the past resistance change rate of the battery cell 11, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is Based on the past resistance change rate, a control condition preset in the current battery cell 11 may be changed. Therefore, since the most optimized control condition is set for the current state of the battery cell 11, the deterioration of the battery cell 11 proceeds slowly, and the battery cell 11 can be used for a longer time.
[244]
[245]
The controller 103 may be configured to change a preset resistance conversion criterion only when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is the acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the stalk and the discharge end voltage is changed. That is, when the second degree of deterioration acceleration is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, the control unit 103 may change at least one of a sill rate or a discharge termination voltage, which is a preset control condition for the battery cell 11. . In addition, the control unit 103 may be configured to change a preset resistance conversion criterion only when it is determined that the second degree of deterioration acceleration is the acceleration deterioration.
[246]
For example, the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the first resistance conversion criterion is a criterion for converting 5% of the resistance comparison value to 1%, which is a first resistance conversion value corresponding to the slate. I assume. The control unit 103 may change the thickness of the battery cell 11 according to the first resistance conversion criterion. In addition, since the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the first resistance conversion criterion. That is, the first resistance conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion in which 5% of the resistance comparison value is converted to 1% of the first resistance conversion value, to a criterion in which 4.5% of the resistance comparison value is converted into 1% of the first resistance conversion value.
[247]
For example, at the first point in time, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage increase pattern, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, the difference between the reference resistance change rate and the resistance change rate is 5%, and Assume that the initial slate is 100%. In addition, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the first resistance conversion criterion is a criterion for converting 5% of the resistance comparison value to 1%, which is the first resistance conversion value corresponding to the slate. The controller 103 may decelerate the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 by 1% from 100% to 99% according to the first resistance conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may change the first resistance conversion criterion to convert 4.5% of the resistance comparison value into 1% of the first resistance conversion value corresponding to the slate. Thereafter, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is the voltage increase pattern at a second time point continuous to the first time point, and the second degree of deterioration acceleration is still determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the reference resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 If the difference in the resistance change rate is 4.5%, the controller 103 may further reduce the sill rate set in the battery cell 11 from 99% to 98% by 1% according to the changed first resistance conversion criterion.
[248]
As another example, for example, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage increase pattern, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the second resistance conversion criterion is a resistance comparison value of 5% corresponding to the discharge end voltage. It is assumed that this is a standard for converting to 10mV, which is the second resistance conversion value. The controller 103 may change the discharge end voltage of the battery cell 11 according to the second resistance conversion criterion. Further, since the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is determined to be accelerated deterioration, the control unit 103 can change the second resistance conversion criterion. That is, the second resistance conversion criterion may be changed from a criterion in which 5% of the resistance comparison value is converted to a second resistance conversion value of 10 mV, and a criterion in which a resistance comparison value of 4.5% is converted into a second resistance conversion value of 10 mV.
[249]
For example, at the first point in time, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage increase pattern, the second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, the difference between the reference resistance variation rate and the resistance variation rate is 5%, and It is assumed that the initial discharge end voltage is preset to 2.8V. Also, as in the previous example, it is assumed that the second resistance conversion criterion is a criterion for converting 5% of the resistance comparison value to 10 mV, which is a second resistance conversion value corresponding to the discharge end voltage. The controller 103 may increase the discharge end voltage set in the battery cell 11 by 10mV from 2.8V to 2.81V according to the second resistance conversion criterion. In addition, the control unit 103 may change the second resistance conversion criterion to convert the resistance comparison value of 4.5% into a second resistance conversion value of 10 mV corresponding to the discharge end voltage. Thereafter, the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is the voltage increase pattern at a second time point continuous from the first time point, and the second degree of deterioration acceleration is still determined to be accelerated deterioration, and the reference resistance variation rate of the battery cell 11 and If the difference in the resistance change rate is 4.5%, the control unit 103 may further increase the discharge end voltage set in the battery cell 11 from 2.81V to 2.82V by 10mV according to the changed second resistance conversion criterion.
[250]
That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention does not change the preset resistance conversion criterion when the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 is linear degeneration, but the battery cell 11 When the second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed, and a preset resistance conversion criterion may be changed. That is, when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is the voltage increase pattern and the second degree of deterioration acceleration is the acceleration deterioration, the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is in a state in which the battery cell 11 is rapidly deteriorated. The battery management apparatus 100 according to an example can reduce the resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 and prevent rapid deterioration of the battery cell 11 by adjusting a preset resistance conversion criterion whenever a preset control condition is changed. There is an advantage.
[251]
[252]
The controller 103 may be configured to return the preset resistance conversion criterion to the resistance conversion criterion before the change only when it is determined that the second deterioration acceleration degree is linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset resistance conversion criterion is changed. .
[253]
For example, the control unit 103 determines a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 at a first time point as acceleration deterioration, and changes a control condition preset for the battery cell 11 according to the first resistance conversion criterion, The first resistance conversion criterion can be changed. Thereafter, at a time point after the first time point, if the controller 103 determines the degree of the second deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the changed first resistance conversion criterion is changed at the first time point. It is possible to return to the previous first resistance conversion criterion. That is, after the preset resistance conversion criterion of the battery cell 11 is changed, if the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the changed first resistance conversion criterion is the original resistance conversion criterion. Can be initialized with Likewise, after the second resistance conversion criterion is changed, if the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration, the controller 103 sets the changed second resistance conversion criterion to the initially set second resistance. Can be initialized with conversion criteria.
[254]
That is, in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the degree of acceleration of the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is accelerated deterioration, the battery cell 11 is in a state in which the deterioration of the battery cell 11 is rapidly progressing. The resistance conversion criterion preset in (11) can be appropriately changed according to the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11. Therefore, the control condition of the battery cell 11 can be set to be most optimized to the current state of the battery cell 11, and the risk of over-discharging or plunging of the battery cell 11 is reduced. It is safe and can be used for a long time.
[255]
[256]
9 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a process of changing a control condition set in a battery cell based on a voltage change rate in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
[257]
Referring to FIG. 9, first, a first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 may be determined according to a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 determined by the controller 103. In addition, a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed according to the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration.
[258]
If the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 calculated by the controller 103 is less than or equal to a preset voltage lower limit value or more than a preset voltage upper limit value, it may be determined as abnormal deterioration. When determining that the battery cell 11 is abnormally deteriorated, the controller 103 may not determine a voltage increase/decrease pattern based on a voltage change rate. That is, the control unit 103 is configured to determine the voltage increase/decrease pattern only when the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 falls within the normal range, and to determine the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern. Can be.
[259]
When the voltage fluctuation rate of the battery cell 11 exceeds the preset voltage lower limit and is less than the preset voltage upper limit, the controller 103 determines the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 based on the calculated voltage fluctuation rate and the previously stored voltage fluctuation data. I can. In addition, if the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage decrease pattern, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 as deceleration, and if the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the control unit 103 1 The degree of acceleration of degeneration can be determined as either accelerated degeneration or linear degeneration. That is, if the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is the voltage decrease pattern, the controller 103 may determine the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as only deceleration deterioration. Conversely, if the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, the controller 103 compares the voltage change rate of the battery cell 11 and a preset reference voltage change rate to accelerate the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 to accelerate deterioration or linear degeneration. It can be subdivided into either.
[260]
Further, the control unit 103 may change the control condition preset for the battery cell 11 only when it is determined that the first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration.
[261]
[262]
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a process of changing a control condition set in a battery cell based on a resistance change rate in the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention in a tree form.
[263]
Referring to FIG. 10, first, the controller 103 may determine a second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. In addition, a control condition preset in the battery cell 11 may be changed according to the determined degree of deterioration acceleration. However, in the case of the resistance variation rate, the second deterioration acceleration degree determination process may be classified according to the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 determined by the control unit 103.
[264]
When the resistance variation rate of the battery cell 11 calculated by the control unit 103 is less than or equal to a preset lower limit of resistance, the control unit 103 may determine the deterioration state of the battery cell 11 as abnormal deterioration. When the deterioration state of the battery cell 11 is abnormal deterioration, the control unit 103 does not determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11, but only in the case of normal deterioration, the second deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 You can judge the degree.
[265]
When the resistance change rate of the battery cell 11 calculated by the control unit 103 exceeds a preset lower limit of resistance, the control unit 103 may first consider a voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11.
[266]
When the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is the voltage increase pattern, the controller 103 may determine the resistance increase/decrease pattern based on the resistance change rate of the battery cell 11. Here, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the resistance decrease pattern, as shown in FIG. 9, the control unit 103 determines the first degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 based on the voltage change rate. I can judge. That is, when the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is the resistance decrease pattern, the control unit 103 second degenerates the battery cell 11 only based on the voltage change rate and the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11. You can judge the degree of acceleration. When the resistance increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is determined as the resistance increase pattern, the controller 103 may determine the second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell 11 as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration based on the resistance change rate. have. That is, only when the voltage increase/decrease pattern of the battery cell 11 is a voltage increase pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern is determined as the resistance increase pattern, the control unit 103 determines the rate of change of resistance in the section to which the current cycle of the battery cell 11 belongs. Based on this, the current second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 may be determined as either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration. Further, the control unit 103 may change the control condition preset for the battery cell 11 only when it is determined that the second degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration. That is, when the control unit 103 determines the second deterioration acceleration degree of the battery cell 11 as deceleration deterioration, the control condition preset in the battery cell 11 cannot be changed.
[267]
The battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine not only the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 11, but also the degree of deterioration acceleration currently in progress and the history of the degree of deterioration acceleration in the past. That is, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can more accurately determine the current state of the battery cell 11, and furthermore, specific information capable of predicting future conditions such as the life of the battery cell 11 There is an advantage that can be provided.
[268]
In addition, the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention considers the specificity in the discharge situation in which the open circuit voltage affects the resistance change factor in the discharge situation of the battery cell 11. The degree of acceleration of degeneration can be determined. That is, the battery management device 100 can determine the degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 only with the voltage increase/decrease pattern, as well as the deterioration acceleration of the battery cell 11 by considering the voltage increase/decrease pattern and the resistance increase/decrease pattern in combination. You can also judge the degree. Therefore, the battery management apparatus 100 may determine the state of the battery cell 11 in more detail by determining the degree of acceleration of the deterioration of the battery cell 11 from various angles using various indicators such as a voltage increase/decrease pattern and a resistance increase/decrease pattern. There are advantages to be able.
[269]
[270]
The battery pack 1000 according to the present invention may include the battery management apparatus 100 according to the present invention described above. In addition, the battery pack 1000 according to the present invention may further include a battery cell, various electronic devices (including BMS, relays, fuses, etc.), and a pack case, in addition to the battery management apparatus 100.
[271]
[272]
In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention, the battery management device 100 may be mounted on various devices that use electric energy, such as an electric vehicle and an energy storage system (ESS). In particular, the battery management apparatus 100 according to the present invention may be included in an electric vehicle. That is, the electric vehicle according to the present invention may include the battery management apparatus 100 according to the present invention. Here, the battery management device 100 may be included in the battery pack 1000, but may be implemented as a separate device from the battery pack 1000. For example, at least a part of the battery management apparatus 100 may be implemented by an electronic control unit (ECU) of a vehicle. In addition, the vehicle according to the present invention may include a vehicle body or electronic equipment commonly provided in a vehicle, in addition to the battery management device 100. For example, the vehicle according to the present invention may include a contactor, an inverter, a motor, one or more ECUs, etc., in addition to the battery management apparatus 100 according to the present invention. However, the present invention is not particularly limited to other components of a vehicle other than the battery management device 100.
[273]
[274]
The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through an apparatus and a method, but may be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium in which the program is recorded. Implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the description of the above-described embodiment.
[275]
In the above, although the present invention has been described by the limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the following will be described by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. It goes without saying that various modifications and variations are possible within the equivalent range of the claims.
[276]
In addition, the present invention described above is capable of various substitutions, modifications, and changes without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not limited by the drawings, and may be configured by selectively combining all or part of each of the embodiments so that various modifications may be made.
[277]
[278]
(Explanation of code)
[279]
10: battery module
[280]
11: battery cell
[281]
100: battery management device
[282]
1000: battery pack
Claims
[Claim 1]
A voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage of a battery cell and measure an open circuit voltage of the battery cell whenever the measured voltage reaches a reference discharge voltage; And receiving the open circuit voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit, comparing the received open circuit voltage with a pre-stored reference voltage to calculate a voltage change rate, and increasing or decreasing the voltage based on the calculated voltage change rate and pre-stored voltage change rate data. A control unit configured to determine a pattern, determine a first degree of deterioration acceleration of the battery cell according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern, and change a preset control condition based on the received open circuit voltage and the first degree of deterioration acceleration. Battery management device comprising a.
[Claim 2]
The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-stored reference voltage is configured to include an open circuit voltage when the voltage of the battery cell reaches the reference discharge voltage at a predetermined cycle time, and the pre-stored voltage fluctuation rate data, And each time the open circuit voltage is measured by the voltage measuring unit, the battery management apparatus is configured to include a past voltage change rate calculated by the control unit.
[Claim 3]
The method of claim 2, wherein the control unit calculates a voltage change rate between the calculated voltage fluctuation rate and a plurality of voltage fluctuation rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell among the previously stored voltage fluctuation data, and the calculation Battery management apparatus, characterized in that configured to determine the voltage increase or decrease pattern based on the determined voltage change rate.
[Claim 4]
The method of claim 1, wherein the preset control condition is configured to include at least one or more of a slate or a discharge end voltage set for the battery cell, and the control unit comprises: an acceleration deterioration or a linear degree of acceleration of the first deterioration. Only in the case of any one of deterioration, the open circuit voltage of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is set as the reference open-circuit voltage, and the set reference open-circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage received from the voltage measuring unit It is configured to calculate a voltage comparison value compared to and to change at least one of the stalk or the discharge end voltage based on a voltage conversion value obtained by converting the calculated voltage comparison value according to a preset voltage conversion criterion. Battery management device.
[Claim 5]
The method of claim 4, wherein the preset voltage conversion criterion corresponds to a first voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated voltage comparison value to a value corresponding to the slate and the calculated voltage comparison value to the discharge end voltage. And a second voltage conversion criterion for converting the calculated value to a value, and the control unit converts the calculated voltage comparison value according to the first voltage conversion criterion to obtain a first voltage conversion value, and the obtained first The slate is changed according to a voltage conversion value, the calculated voltage comparison value is converted according to the second voltage conversion criterion to obtain a second voltage conversion value, and the discharge is terminated according to the obtained second voltage conversion value. Battery management device, characterized in that configured to change the voltage.
[Claim 6]
The method of claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to change the preset voltage conversion criterion only when the determined first degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate or the discharge end voltage is changed. Battery management device, characterized in that.
[Claim 7]
The method of claim 6, wherein the control unit converts the voltage before changing the preset voltage conversion criterion only when it is determined that the first deterioration acceleration degree is linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset voltage conversion criterion is changed. Battery management device, characterized in that configured to return to the reference.
[Claim 8]
The method of claim 1, wherein the controller calculates a current resistance of the battery cell based on the received open circuit voltage, compares the calculated current resistance with a pre-stored reference resistance to calculate a resistance change rate, and calculates the calculated resistance. Determine a resistance increase/decrease pattern based on a change rate and previously stored resistance change rate data, determine a second degree of acceleration of deterioration of the battery cell according to the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern and resistance increase/decrease pattern, and the calculated resistance change rate and the second deterioration Battery management apparatus, characterized in that configured to change the preset control condition based on an acceleration degree.
[Claim 9]
The method of claim 8, wherein the pre-stored reference resistance is configured to include a reference resistance calculated based on the pre-stored reference voltage, and the pre-stored resistance change rate data is determined by the voltage measuring unit. Battery management apparatus, characterized in that configured to include the past resistance fluctuation rate calculated by the control unit each time it is measured.
[Claim 10]
The method of claim 9, wherein the controller calculates a resistance change rate between the calculated resistance change rate and a plurality of resistance change rates included within a predetermined number of cycles from the current cycle of the battery cell among the previously stored resistance change rate data, and the calculation Battery management apparatus, characterized in that configured to determine the resistance increase or decrease pattern based on the determined resistance change rate.
[Claim 11]
The method of claim 8, wherein the preset control condition includes at least one or more of a sill rate or a discharge end voltage set for the battery cell, and the controller comprises: the determined voltage increase/decrease pattern is a voltage increase pattern, and the first 2 Only when the degree of deterioration acceleration is either accelerated deterioration or linear deterioration, the resistance variation rate of the battery cell previously measured in the start cycle of the determined resistance increase or decrease pattern is set as the reference resistance variation rate, and the set reference resistance variation rate and the calculation A resistance comparison value is calculated by comparing the calculated resistance change rate, and configured to change at least one of the stalk or the discharge end voltage based on a resistance conversion value converted from the calculated resistance comparison value according to a preset resistance conversion criterion. Battery management device, characterized in that.
[Claim 12]
The method of claim 11, wherein the preset resistance conversion criterion corresponds to a first resistance conversion criterion for converting the calculated resistance comparison value into a value corresponding to the slate and the calculated resistance comparison value to the discharge end voltage. And a second resistance conversion criterion for converting the value to a value, and the control unit obtains a first resistance conversion value converted according to the first resistance conversion criterion, and the obtained first resistance conversion The slate is changed according to a value, a second resistance conversion value obtained by converting the calculated resistance comparison value according to the second resistance conversion criterion is obtained, and the discharge end voltage is calculated according to the obtained second resistance conversion value. Battery management device, characterized in that configured to change.
[Claim 13]
The method of claim 11, wherein the control unit is configured to change the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the determined second degree of deterioration acceleration is acceleration deterioration, and at least one of the slate or the discharge end voltage is changed. Battery management device, characterized in that.
[Claim 14]
The method of claim 13, wherein the control unit converts the resistance before changing the preset resistance conversion criterion only when the second deterioration acceleration degree is determined to be linear deterioration or deceleration deterioration after the preset resistance conversion criterion is changed Battery management device, characterized in that configured to return to the reference.
[Claim 15]
A battery pack comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.