DESC:BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGES
SYSTEMS
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICTIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202321065119 filed on 28/09/2023, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Generally, the present disclosure relates to a battery management system for an energy storage system. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to the battery management system for an energy storage system with energy storage module paralleling.
BACKGROUND
As more industries and consumers shift towards sustainable energy solutions, batteries are becoming essential for powering devices, vehicles, and homes. Technological advancements have also led to more efficient and affordable battery designs. The widespread application of batteries is accelerating battery usage across various sectors.
Recently, the usage of a rechargeable batteries is increased which is driven by the global shift towards sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a key contributor in increasing demand for high-capacity rechargeable batteries. The rechargeable batteries in vehicles, primarily lithium-ion types, are utilized to store and supply electrical energy for propulsion and auxiliary systems. These batteries feature high energy density and allowing for extended range and efficiency in electric vehicles (EVs). Furthermore, in electric vehicles, multiple battery cells are connected in parallel to form a module. The cell module enhances the overall capacity and discharge rate of the cell while maintaining a consistent voltage. Moreover, each parallel cell shares the load, thereby reducing the risk of individual cell failure and improving overall performance. The cell modules are grouped together to create a battery pack, which provides the necessary energy storage for the vehicle. Similarly, a battery swapping stations are facilities to exchange the depleted electric vehicle battery with charged battery. The battery swapping stations significantly eliminating the need for extended charging times. Furthermore, multiple batteries of electric vehicles at a swapping station are charged simultaneously, specifically those with varying State of Charge (SOC) levels. The simultaneous charging may create a problem to balance the charging current among the multiple swappable batteries. Furthermore, the batteries with lower SOC levels generally need higher charging currents to reach an optimal charge quickly, while those with higher SOC levels may require less current to avoid overcharging.
However, the current imbalance between batteries of different SOC levels results in several problems, such as inefficient charging cycles, where some batteries may be charged faster than others which causes uneven charge distribution across the system. Moreover, the circulating current may arise due to differences in voltage or state of charge among the cells which results in thermal imbalances and decreased efficiency of cell module. Additionally, the current imbalance in batteries may create thermal issues. Moreover, the batteries receiving higher current may generate more heat, increasing the risk of thermal runaway if batteries are not properly managed. Over time, inconsistent charging may result in capacity fading and accelerated aging of batteries with lower SOC.
Therefore, there exist a need of an improved battery management system that overcomes one or more problems as set forth above.
SUMMARY
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery management system for an energy storage system of electric vehicle.
In accordance with an aspect of present disclosure there is provided a battery management system for an energy storage system. The battery management system comprises a plurality of module management units. Each of the module management unit is coupled to a corresponding energy storage module. Each of the module management unit comprises at least one charge current limiter, at least one discharge current limiter and a control unit. The control unit configured to receive at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module, determine at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module, and operates the at least one charge current limiter and/or the at least one discharge current limiter based on the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module to manage charging or discharging of the respective energy storage module.
The present disclosure discloses a battery management system for an energy storage system of electric vehicle. The battery management system as disclosed by present disclosure is advantageous in terms of incorporating a plurality of module management units (MMUs), each equipped with dedicated charge and discharge current limiters, thereby the system ensures precise control of current flow at the individual module level. Beneficially, the plurality of module management units allows for optimized charging and discharging processes across different energy storage modules which enhances the overall efficiency and safety. Moreover, each module management unit beneficially monitors operational parameters independently which significantly allows real-time adjustments to current limits. Beneficially, the real-time current limiting adjustments occurs based on module-specific conditions, such as temperature or state of charge provided by sensor arrangement. The control unit as disclosed by present disclosure advantageously controls the overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating, which are common causes of battery degradation. The plurality of module management units beneficially detects and respond to faults or fault recovery conditions within each energy storage module which provides another layer of protection, thereby ensuring system stability and extending battery lifespan. Beneficially, the BMS may isolate the affected module and adjust current flow accordingly, if the fault is detected in one module, thereby preventing further damage while allowing other modules to continue normal operation. Furthermore, the module management unit of present disclosure beneficially manage the charging and discharging of battery pack based on real-time data, thereby ensures optimal power distribution across the energy storage system. Beneficially, the module management unit contributes to longer module life, better energy efficiency, and reduced wear and tear on the battery pack components. Beneficially, the battery management system of the present disclosure enables battery module paralleling while eliminating the problem of circulating currents.
Additional aspects, advantages, features and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments constructed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram a battery management system for an energy storage system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognise that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.
The description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain embodiments of the battery management system and is not intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or utilised. The description sets forth the various structures and/or functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.
As used herein, the terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “include(s)”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, system that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or system. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.
As used herein, the terms “electric vehicle”, “EV”, and “EVs” are used interchangeably and refer to any vehicle having stored electrical energy, including the vehicle capable of being charged from an external electrical power source. This may include vehicles having batteries which are exclusively charged from an external power source, as well as hybrid-vehicles which may include batteries capable of being at least partially recharged via an external power source. Additionally, it is to be understood that the ‘electric vehicle’ as used herein includes electric two-wheeler, electric three-wheeler, electric four-wheeler, electric pickup trucks, electric trucks and so forth.
As used herein, the term “battery management system” and “the system” are used interchangeably and refer to an electronic control system designed to monitor, manage, and regulate the performance of an energy storage system, typically comprised of multiple battery cells or modules. The BMS is responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack by monitoring key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC). Additionally, the BMS provides protection by controlling charging and discharging processes, detecting and responding to faults, balancing cell performance, and managing thermal conditions. The system may also include communication interfaces to provide real-time data and control signals for system optimization and fault recovery.
As used herein, the term “energy storage system” refers to a system comprising one or more energy storage modules, such as batteries or other energy storage devices, configured to store electrical energy and supply the energy for use in various applications. The energy storage system may be a battery energy storage system having multiple battery modules. Alternatively, the energy storage system may be a battery swapping station having multiple swappable batteries. The energy storage system may also incorporate control units, sensors, current limiters, and thermal management mechanisms to optimize performance and prevent faults during operation.
As used herein, the term “a plurality of module management units” refers to multiple distinct and independent units within a battery management system (BMS), each of which is responsible for controlling, monitoring, and managing a corresponding energy storage module. Each module management unit (MMU) is configured to perform specific tasks such as monitoring operational parameters (e.g., voltage, temperature, state of charge), managing charge and discharge currents through current limiters, and detecting or responding to faults. The plurality of module management unit operates collectively to ensure efficient and safe management of the entire energy storage system by handling the individual requirements of each connected module.
As used herein, the term “energy storage module” refers to a unit within an energy storage system that is comprised of one or more interconnected energy storage cells, such as battery cells, designed to store and release electrical energy. Each energy storage module includes the necessary components, such as electrical connections, monitoring systems, and thermal management, to operate independently or as part of a larger system. The module is configured to supply electrical energy to a load or store energy.
As used herein, the term “at least one charge current limiter” refers to a component or device within the battery management system configured to regulate and control the maximum electrical current allowed to flow into an energy storage module during the charging process. The purpose of the charge current limiter is to prevent overcurrent conditions that could potentially damage the battery cells, reduce efficiency, or lead to unsafe operating conditions, such as overheating or thermal runaway.
As used herein, the term “at least one discharge current limiter” refers to a component or mechanism within the system that is configured to regulate and limit the amount of current flowing from the energy storage module during the discharge process. This limiter ensures that the discharge current does not exceed a predetermined threshold, thereby preventing potential damage to the energy storage module, protecting the system from overloading, and maintaining safe and efficient operation. The discharge current limiter is designed to activate based on operational parameters and fault conditions, ensuring controlled and optimized discharging of the energy storage module under various operating conditions.
As used herein, the term “control unit” refers to an electronic module configured to monitor, manage, and regulate various operational parameters of the battery or energy storage system. The control unit is responsible for processing input data, such as temperature, voltage, current, and state of charge, received from sensors or module management units. Based on the processed data, the control unit executes control algorithms to optimize the performance and safety of the system. This includes adjusting charging and discharging currents, activating current limiters, balancing cell voltages, detecting faults, and implementing fault recovery protocols to ensure reliable and efficient battery operation. Optionally, the control unit includes, but is not limited to, a microprocessor, a micro-controller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or any other type of processing circuit. Furthermore, the term “processor” may refer to one or more individual processors, processing devices and various elements associated with a processing device that may be shared by other processing devices. Furthermore, the control unit may comprise ARM Cortex-M series processors, such as the Cortex-M4 or Cortex-M7, or any similar processor designed to handle real-time tasks with high performance and low power consumption. Furthermore, the control unit may comprise custom and/or proprietary processors.
As used herein, the term “sensor arrangement” refers to a collection of sensors strategically integrated within the energy storage system to monitor various operational parameters of the battery modules. This arrangement may include voltage sensors, temperature sensors, current sensors, and state-of-charge (SOC) sensors, among others. The sensors are configured to continuously collect real-time data related to the performance and condition of the battery modules. The information gathered by the sensor arrangement is transmitted to the control unit of the battery management system, enabling it to assess the health of the battery modules, detect faults, and implement corrective actions as necessary to optimize charging and discharging processes.
As used herein, the term “communicably coupled” refers to a bi-directional connection between the various components of the system. The bi-directional connection between the various components of the system enables exchange of data between two or more components of the system. Similarly, bi-directional connection between the system and other elements/modules enables exchange of data between system and the other elements/modules.
As used herein, the term “at least one operational parameter” refers to any measurable variable that characterizes the performance or condition of an energy storage module. The operational parameters may include parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and rate of charge or discharge. These parameters provide critical data for the control unit to assess the operational status of the battery module, enabling it to make informed decisions regarding the management of charge and discharge current limiters, detect faults, and implement appropriate fault recovery strategies. The inclusion of such operational parameters is essential for ensuring optimal performance, safety, and longevity of the energy storage system.
As used herein, the term “at least one fault” refers to any deviation from the normal operational parameters of an energy storage module that may compromise the system performance, safety, or longevity. The at least one fault may include conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, excessive temperature, internal short circuits, or communication failures within the module. The detection of at least one fault triggers the battery management system to implement protective measures, such as adjusting current flow or isolating the affected module, to prevent further damage and ensure the safe operation of the overall energy storage system.
As used herein, the term “fault recovery” refers to the process by which the system identifies, manages, and resolves the fault conditions in the energy storage modules. After a fault, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, or overheating, is detected, the BMS takes corrective actions, such as reducing current flow, isolating faulty modules, or adjusting operating parameters. Once the system stabilizes, fault recovery involves restoring normal operation through controlled re-engagement of the module or system, ensuring safe and reliable performance while protecting the battery from further damage or degradation.
As used herein, the term “a buck converter” refers to a DC-DC power converter designed to step down the voltage from a higher level to a lower level while efficiently regulating the output. In the BMS, the buck converter is used to control the voltage supplied to the battery or specific components within the system, ensuring that the energy storage modules receive the appropriate charging voltage. The buck converter operates by switching transistors at high frequencies and utilizing inductors and capacitors to maintain a stable and reduced output voltage, thereby optimizing energy conversion and minimizing power losses.
As used herein, the term “at least one resistor” refers to an electrical component configured to limit the flow of electric current through a circuit by providing resistance. The resistor is designed to reduce the current to safe levels, preventing overcurrent conditions that could damage the energy storage module or other components of the system. This resistor may be placed in series with the charging or discharging path to regulate the current, ensuring controlled and balanced power flow during battery operation.
As used herein, the term “at least one power switch” refers to an electrical switching component configured to control the connection and disconnection of the battery or battery modules to external circuits or loads. The power switch can regulate the flow of electrical current between the battery and external systems, enabling the BMS to manage charging, discharging, and isolation of the battery in case of faults or other operational conditions. The power switch can be implemented as a relay, transistor, or other suitable switching device, and it is operated by the BMS control unit based on monitored parameters like voltage, current, and temperature. The power switch may include MOSFETs, IGBTs and so on.
Figure 1, in accordance with an aspect of present disclosure there is provided a battery management system 100 for an energy storage system 102. The battery management system 100 comprises a plurality of module management units 104a-n, wherein each of the module management unit 104b-n is coupled to a corresponding energy storage module 102. Each of the module management unit 104b-n comprises at least one charge current limiter 108, at least one discharge current limiter 110 and a control unit 112. The control unit 112 is configured to receive at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. The control unit 112 determines at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. The control unit 112 operates the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module 106a-n to manage charging or discharging of the respective energy storage module 106a-n.
The battery management system 100 as disclosed by present disclosure is advantageous in terms of incorporating a plurality of module management system 104a-n in the battery management system 100, each equipped with at least one charge current limiter 108 and at least one discharge current limiters 110, thereby the system ensures precise control of current flow at the individual module level of the system 100. Beneficially, the plurality of module management units 104a-n allows for optimized charging and discharging processes across different energy storage modules 106a-n which enhances the overall efficiency and safety. Moreover, each module management unit 106b-n beneficially monitors operational parameters independently which significantly allows real-time adjustments to current limits. Beneficially, the real-time current limiting adjustments occurs based on module-specific conditions, such as temperature or state of charge provided by sensor arrangement 114. The control unit 112 as disclosed by present disclosure advantageously controls the overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating, which are common causes of battery degradation. The plurality of module management units 104a-n beneficially detects and respond to faults or fault recovery conditions within each energy storage module 106a-n which provides another layer of protection, thereby ensuring the system stability and extending lifespan of the energy storage module 106a-n. Beneficially, the battery management system 100 may isolate the any affected energy storage module 106a-n and adjust current flow accordingly, if the fault is detected in one of the energy storage module 106a, thereby preventing further damage while allowing other energy storage modules 106b-n to continue normal operation. Furthermore, the plurality of module management unit 104a-n of present disclosure beneficially manages the charging and discharging of energy storage module 106a-n based on real-time data, thereby ensures optimal power distribution across the energy storage system 102. Beneficially, the plurality of module management unit 104a-n contributes to longer energy storage module life, better energy efficiency, and reduced wear and tear on the energy storage module 106a-n components.
In an embodiment, each of the plurality of module management units 104a-n are communicably coupled with each other to manage the charging and/or discharging of the energy storge modules 106a-n. The communication network of the plurality of module management units 104a-n enables the real-time data exchange between the plurality of module management units 104a-n and the energy storge modules 106a-n. Beneficially, the plurality of module management units 104a-n allows synchronized control and coordination of charging and discharging activities across all the energy storage modules 106a-n. Beneficially, the plurality of module management units 104a-n shares the operational parameters such as state of charge, temperature, and fault conditions with the battery management system 100. The battery management system 100 significantly balance the load across all the energy storage modules 106a-n, thereby optimizing energy usage and preventing issues like overcharging or under-discharging of individual energy storage modules 106a-n.
In an embodiment, the control unit 112 is configured to receive the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. The control unit 112 monitors and manage the entire energy storage system 102 which allows more intelligent decision-making regarding the charging and discharging processes of the energy storage module 106a-n. Beneficially, the control unit 112 monitoring approach allows for more efficient load balancing and thermal management of the energy storage modules 106a-n, further extending the lifespan of the energy storage modules 106a-n and improving overall energy efficiency.
In an embodiment, the control unit 112 is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the received at least one operational parameter associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. Furthermore, the control unit 112 continuously monitors the performance and health of each energy storage module 106b-n and adjusts the current flow to ensure safe and efficient charging or discharging. Beneficially, dynamic controlling of at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 according to real-time data prevents overcharging or over-discharging, thereby minimizes the risk of thermal runaway, and extends the overall lifespan of the energy storage modules 106a-n.
In an embodiment, the control unit 112 is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. The control unit 112 monitors the operational status of each energy storage module 106b-n and identifying the potential faults such as overcharging, excessive temperature, or imbalanced voltage of the energy storage module 106a-n. Beneficially, the control unit 112 ensures real-time fault management and dynamic control of current flow, thereby enhancing the overall safety, reliability, and efficiency of the energy storage system while preventing long-term damage to individual energy storage modules 106a-n.
In an embodiment, the module management unit 104a-n comprises a sensor arrangement 114. The sensor arrangement 114 is configured to determine the at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. The sensor arrangement 114 continuously monitors operational parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current within each energy storage module 106b-n, providing real-time data to the control unit 112. The real-time data collected by sensor arrangement 114 is crucial for assessing the health and performance of each energy storage module 106a-n, thereby enabling the plurality of module management system 104a-n to make informed decisions regarding charging and discharging processes of the energy storage module 106a-n.
In an embodiment, the at least one charge current limiter 108 comprises at least one buck converter 116 and at least one resistor 118. The buck converter 116 is designed to efficiently reduce the voltage supplied to the energy storage module 106a-n while regulating the current during the charging process. By stepping down the voltage, the at least one buck converter 116 ensures that the energy storage module 106a-n receives a controlled amount of current, thereby preventing overcharging and prolonging the lifespan of the energy storage module 106a-n. Moreover, the at least one resistor 118 serves as an additional safety measure, providing a passive means to limit current flow and dissipate excess energy as heat, further safeguarding the module from potential damage. Beneficially, the combination of the at least one buck converter 116 and the at least one resistor 118 ensures the energy storage modules 106a-n operate within safe parameters, thereby enhancing the reliability and longevity of the battery management system 100 while providing optimal charging performance.
In an embodiment, the at least one discharge current limiter 110 comprises at least one buck converter 116 and at least one resistor 118. During discharge, the at least one buck converter 116 is configured to regulate and reduce the voltage during the discharging process and ensure a controlled and stable current flow from the energy storage module 106a-n to the load, thereby preventing excessive current discharge that could damage the energy storage module 106a-n. Moreover, by stepping down the voltage, the buck converter ensures that the discharge current remains within safe operating limits, preventing excessive current draw that could damage the energy storage module 106a-n. Furthermore, the resistor 118 serves as a passive component to limit the discharge current further, thereby providing additional protection by dissipating excess energy in the form of heat. Beneficially, the discharge current limiter 110 has precise control over discharge current, which helps to prevent rapid degradation of the battery cells, thereby extending the overall life of the energy storage system 102.
In an embodiment, each of the module management unit 104a-n comprises at least one power switch 120 configured to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module 106a-n with rest of the energy storage modules 106b-n. The power switch 120 allows for selective isolation or integration of individual energy storage modules 106a-n within the overall energy storage system 102. Beneficially, the ability to electrically disconnect individual energy storage modules 106a-n through the power switch 120 allows for seamless maintenance or replacement of faulty modules without disrupting the entire energy storage system 102.
In an embodiment, the control unit 112 is configured to control the at least one power switch 120 to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module 106a-n with rest of the energy storage modules 106b-n based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery. Beneficially, when a fault, such as an overcharge, over-discharge, or thermal issue, is detected in an energy storage module, the control unit 112 automatically operates the power switch 120 to isolate the faulty module from the rest of the energy storage system 102. Similarly, when the fault is recovered, the control unit 112 automatically operates the power switch 120 to reconnect the recovered module with the rest of the energy storage system 102.
In an embodiment, the battery management system 100 comprises the plurality of module management units 104a-n, wherein each of the module management unit 104b-n is coupled to the corresponding energy storage module 102. Each of the module management unit 104b-n comprises the at least one charge current limiter 108, the at least one discharge current limiter 110 and the control unit 112. The control unit 112 configured to receive the at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. The control unit 112 determines at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. The control unit 112 operates the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module 106a-n to manage charging or discharging of the respective energy storage module 106a-n. Furthermore, each of the plurality of module management units 104a-n are communicably coupled with each other to manage the charging and/or discharging of the energy storge modules 106a-n. Furthermore, the control unit 112 is configured to receive the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. Furthermore, the control unit 112 is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the received at least one operational parameter associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. Furthermore, the control unit 112 is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter 108 and/or the at least one discharge current limiter 110 based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules 106a-n. Furthermore, the module management unit 104a-n comprises the sensor arrangement 114. Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 114 is configured to determine the at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module 106a-n. Furthermore, the at least one charge current limiter 108 comprises at least one buck converter 116 and at least one resistor 118. Furthermore, the at least one discharge current limiter 110 comprises at least one buck converter 116 and at least one resistor 118. Furthermore, each of the module management unit 104a-n comprises at least one power switch 120 configured to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module 106a-n with rest of the energy storage modules 106b-n. Furthermore, the control unit 112 is configured to control the at least one power switch 120 to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module 106a-n with rest of the energy storage modules 106b-n based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Modifications to embodiments and combination of different embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non- exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A battery management system (100) for an energy storage system (102), wherein the battery management system (100) comprises a plurality of module management units (104a-n), wherein each of the module management unit (104a-n) is coupled to a corresponding energy storage module (106a-n), wherein each of the module management unit (104a-n) comprises:
- at least one charge current limiter (108);
- at least one discharge current limiter (110); and
- a control unit (112) configured to:
- receive at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module (106a-n);
- determine at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module (106a-n); and
- operate the at least one charge current limiter (108) and/or the at least one discharge current limiter (110) based on the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with the energy storage module (106a-n) to manage charging or discharging of the respective energy storage module (106a-n).
2. The battery management system (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of module management units (104a-n) are communicably coupled with each other to manage the charging and/or discharging of the energy storge modules (106a-n).

3. The battery management system (100) of claim 2, wherein each of the control unit (112) is configured to receive the at least one operational parameter and the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules (106a-n).

4. The battery management system (100) of claim 3, wherein each of the control unit (112) is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter (108) and/or the at least one discharge current limiter (110) based on the received at least one operational parameter associated with all the energy storage modules (106a-n).

5. The battery management system (100) of claim 3, wherein each of the control unit (112) is configured to operate the at least one charge current limiter (108) and/or the at least one discharge current limiter (110) based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery associated with all the energy storage modules (106a-n).

6. The battery management system (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the module management unit (104a-n) comprises a sensor arrangement (114), and wherein the sensor arrangement (114) is configured to determine the at least one operational parameter associated with the energy storage module (106a-n).

7. The battery management system (100) of claim 1, wherein the at least one charge current limiter (108) comprises at least one of: a buck converter (116) and at least one resistor (118).

8. The battery management system (100) of claim 1, wherein the at least one discharge current limiter (110) comprises at least one of: a buck converter (116) and at least one resistor (118).

9. The battery management system (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the module management unit (104a-n) comprises at least one power switch (120) configured to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module (106a-n) with rest of the energy storage modules (106b-n).

10. The battery management system (100) of claim 9, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to control the at least one power switch (120) to electrically connect and/or disconnect the respective energy storage module (106a-n) with rest of the energy storage modules (106b-n) based on the at least one fault and/or fault recovery.