Claims:WE CLAIM:

1. A Battery system (100), comprising:
an outer casing comprising a left side wall (204), a right side wall (202), a top wall (205), a bottom wall (206), a front wall (203), and a back wall (201) coupled to each other for providing structural support to the battery system (100), wherein, the side walls (204) and (202) further comprise channels (401) and (402);
a thermal insulation provided on to the outside walls of the casing (201), (202), (203), (204), (205), and (206);
inlet gates (301) and (302), and outlets gates (304) and (303) hinged to the side walls (204) and (202), wherein, the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) contain a material which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet;
at least one electromagnet (701) to (708) for each inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) coupled to the front wall (203), back wall (201) or side walls (204) and (202), wherein the said electromagnets (701) to (708) attract or release the gates (301), (302), (303), and (304), thereby closing and opening operation of the gate controls air flow through the channels (401) and (402);
at least one battery module (500) arranged inside the outer casing, comprising at least one battery cell (504);
at least one supporting structure (501), configured for providing structural support to the at least one battery cell (504);
at least one fan (502) configured to circulate the air through the one or more battery module (500);
at least one fan mount (503), providing structural support to the one or more fans (502);
at least one heating element (800) attached to the at least of the left side wall (204), the right side wall (202), the top wall (205), the bottom wall (206), the front wall (203), or the back wall (201);
wherein, in hot climate, the electromagnets (701) to (708) open the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) such that upstream air flowing around the battery system enters the outer channels (401) and (402), the one or more fans (502) circulate the air inside the battery pack system (100) such that, the heat produced during operation of the battery cells (504) is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the inner fins (601) and (602) thereby maintaining suitable operating temperature of the battery cell (504), and the heat absorbed by the inner fins (601) and (602) is further transferred to the outer channels (401) and (402), and the air flowing through the channels (401) and (402) further absorbs the heat and discharges the heat to the environment;
wherein, in cold climate, the electromagnets (701) to (708) close the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle does not enter the outer channels (401) and (402), the heating element (800) is turned on, the one or more fans (502) circulate the air inside the battery pack system (100) such that, the heat produced by the heating element (800) is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the battery cells (504), thereby heating up the battery cells (504) to a suitable operating temperature;
wherein, the operation of one or more electromagnets (701) to (708), one or more fans (502), and one or more heating element (800) is controlled and monitored by one or more controllers.

2. An Electric Vehicle system (80), comprising:
a chassis (90) configured to provide structure to the electric vehicle;
at least one controller (110) operatively coupled within the chassis (90), and configured to control a plurality of electronic components within the electric vehicle, wherein the one or more controllers (110) are operatively coupled to one or more sensors, thereby detecting the ambient air temperature and the battery cell temperature;
a battery system (100) placed within the chassis (90) and is operatively coupled to at least one controller (110), wherein the battery system (100) comprises
an outer casing comprising a left side wall (204), a right side wall (202), a top wall (205), a bottom wall (206), a front wall (203), and a back wall (201) coupled to each other for providing structural support to the battery system (100), wherein, the side walls (204) and (202) further comprise channels (401) and (402);
a thermal insulation provided on to the outside walls (201), (202), (203), (204), (205), and (206);
inlet gates (301) and (302), and outlets gates (304) and (303) hinged to the side walls (204) and (202), wherein, the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) contain a material which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet;
at least one electromagnet (701) to (708) for each inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) coupled to the front wall (203), back wall (201) or side walls (204) and (202), wherein the said electromagnets (701) to (708) attract or release the gates (301), (302), (303), and (304), thereby closing and opening operation of the gate controls air flow through the channels (401) and (402);
at least one battery module (500) arranged inside the outer casing, comprising at least one battery cell (504);
at least one supporting structure (501), configured for providing structural support to the at least one battery cell (504);
at least one fan (502) configured to circulate the air through the one or more battery module (500);
at least one fan mount (503), providing structural support to the one or more fans (502);
at least one heating element (800) attached to the at least of the left side wall (204), the right side wall (202), the top wall (205), the bottom wall (206), the front wall (203), or the back wall (201);
wherein, in hot climate, the electromagnets (701) to (708) open the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) such that upstream air flowing around the battery system enters the outer channels (401) and (402), the one or more fans (502) circulate the air inside the battery pack system (100) such that, the heat produced during operation of the battery cells (504) is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the inner fins (601) and (602) thereby maintaining suitable operating temperature of the battery cell (504), and the heat absorbed by the inner fins (601) and (602) is further transferred to the outer channels (401) and (402), and the air flowing through the channels (401) and (402) further absorbs the heat and discharges the heat to the environment;
wherein, in cold climate, the electromagnets (701) to (708) close the inlet and outlet gates (301), (302), (303), and (304) such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle does not enter the outer channels (401) and (402), the heating element (800) is turned on, the one or more fans (502) circulate the air inside the battery pack system (100) such that, the heat produced by the heating element (800) is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the battery cells (504), thereby heating up the battery cells (504) to a suitable operating temperature;
wherein, the operation of one or more electromagnets (701) to (708), one or more fans (502), and one or more heating element (800) is controlled and monitored by the said one or more controllers (110).

3. The Battery system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more fans (502) operate in a bidirectional manner, thereby providing a to and fro flow of air inside to maintain equal operating temperatures of the battery cells (504) in a module (500).

4. The Battery system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more battery cells (504) are arranged in an inline manner inside the battery module (500).

5. The Battery system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more battery cells (504) are arranged in a staggered manner inside the battery module (500).

6. The Battery system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer casing walls (201) to (206) are made up of thermally insulating material, thereby eliminating the need of thermal insulation on the outside.

7. The Battery system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer channels (401) and (402) further comprise fins, thereby increasing the heat transfer.

8. The Electric Vehicle system (80) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the one or more controller (110) is operatively coupled within the battery pack system (100).

, Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10, rule 13)

“BATTERY SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT”
By
Emflux Motors Pvt. Ltd.
An Indian Company
No. 16, Bhuvanappa Layout, Tavarekere Main Road, Kaveri Layout, Suddagunte Palya, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
FIELD OF INVENTION

[001] The present invention relates generally to the field of battery operated electric vehicles and specifically relates to system and methods for temperature regulations in battery pack system comprising plurality of battery cells.

BACKGROUND

[002] A battery pack system includes multiple modules comprising plurality of battery cells. Battery pack systems are widely used in vehicles. Vehicles using electric power for all or a portion of their motive power (e.g., Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the like, collectively referred to as “electric vehicles”), may provide a number of advantages as compared to more traditional gas-powered vehicles using internal combustion engines. Over the rising concerns of oil costs, climate change and energy security, efforts to promote energy efficient electric vehicles have grown. Energy efficient electric vehicles provide overall reduced air emissions compared to conventional combustion vehicles.

[003] The performance of electric vehicles depend on a battery pack system. It is known that temperature has an influence over life and safety of a battery pack system. For electric vehicle applications, a battery pack system experiences high charge and discharge rates and the internal chemical reactions of the battery cell generates heat.

[004] The battery pack system needs to be charged and discharged at a suitable temperature range to minimize the battery cell life degradation. Thus, a thermal management system for a battery pack system is required to keep the battery cell temperature within an optimum range to achieve desired performance in varied climate conditions before and during charging as well as discharging the battery pack system.

[005] Existing battery pack systems comprise liquid coolant absorbing the heat from the battery pack system and discharging it to an external thermal management system. Such system are convenient for medium to high power applications but are complex for low power applications. The existing battery systems for low power application are passively cooled by the air around the vehicle. During extreme hot and cold conditions such systems, being passive, may not effectively maintain suitable operating temperature of the battery cells inside the battery pack, and undesired degradation of battery cell life may occur.

[006] Present invention provides a battery pack system for actively maintaining the operating temperature of the battery cells.

SUMMARY

[007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simple manner that is further described in the detailed description of the disclosure. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the subject matter nor is it intended for determining the scope of the disclosure.

[008] In one embodiment, a battery pack system is disclosed. The battery pack system comprises an outer casing, further comprising a left side wall, a right side wall, a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, and a back wall attached to each other for providing structural support to the battery system. The side walls further comprise channels for air to flow through them. A thermal insulation is provided on to the outside walls, thereby thermally insulating the battery pack with the environment. Inlet gates and outlets gates are provided and are hinged to the side walls wherein, the inlet and outlet gates contain a material which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet. At least one electromagnet for each inlet and outlet gates attached to the casing, wherein the said electromagnets attract or release the gates, thereby closing and opening operation of the gate controls air flow through the channels. At least one battery module arranged inside the outer casing, comprising at least one battery cell. At least one supporting structure, configured for providing structural support to the at least one battery cell. At least one fan configured to circulate the air through the one or more battery module. At least one fan mount, providing structural support to the one or more fans. At least one heating element attached to the casing from the inside. In hot climate, the electromagnets open the inlet and outlet gates such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle enters the outer channels, the one or more fans circulate the air inside the battery pack system such that, the heat produced during operation of the battery cells is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the inner fins thereby maintaining suitable operating temperature of the battery cell, and the heat absorbed by the inner fins is further transferred to the outer channels, and the air flowing through the channels further absorbs the heat and discharges the heat to the environment. In cold climate, the electromagnets close the inlet and outlet gates such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle does not enter the outer channels, the heating element is turned on, the one or more fans circulate the air inside the battery pack system such that, the heat produced by the heating element is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the battery cells, thereby heating up the battery cells to a suitable operating temperature. The operation of one or more electromagnets, one or more fans, and one or more heating element is controlled and monitored by one or more controllers placed suitably externally or internally of the battery pack system.

[009] Another embodiment of the present invention discloses an Electric Vehicle. The electric vehicle includes a chassis. The chassis is configured to provide a structure to the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle also includes at least one controller operatively coupled within the chassis or within battery system. The at least one controller is configured to control a plurality of electronic components within the electric vehicle, wherein the one or more controllers are operatively coupled to sensors, thereby detecting the ambient air temperature and the battery cell temperature. The electric vehicle system also includes a battery system placed within the chassis and is operatively coupled to the at least one controller. The Battery system comprises an outer casing, further comprising a left side wall, a right side wall, a top wall, a bottom wall, a front wall, and a back wall attached to each other for providing structural support to the battery system. The side walls further comprise channels for air to flow through them. A thermal insulation is provided on to the outside walls, thereby thermally insulating the battery pack with the environment. Inlet gates and outlets gates are provided and are hinged to the side walls wherein, the inlet and outlet gates contain a material which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet. At least one electromagnet for each inlet and outlet gates attached to the casing, wherein the said electromagnets attract or release the gates, thereby closing and opening operation of the gate controls air flow through the channels. At least one battery module arranged inside the outer casing, comprising at least one battery cell. At least one supporting structure, configured for providing structural support to the at least one battery cell. At least one fan configured to circulate the air through the one or more battery module. At least one fan mount, providing structural support to the one or more fans. At least one heating element attached to the casing from the inside. In hot climate, the electromagnets open the inlet and outlet gates such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle enters the outer channels, the one or more fans circulate the air inside the battery pack system such that, the heat produced during operation of the battery cells is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the inner fins thereby maintaining suitable operating temperature of the battery cell, and the heat absorbed by the inner fins is further transferred to the outer channels, and the air flowing through the channels further absorbs the heat and discharges the heat to the environment. In cold climate, the electromagnets close the inlet and outlet gates such that upstream air flowing around the vehicle does not enter the outer channels, the heating element is turned on, the one or more fans circulate the air inside the battery pack system such that, the heat produced by the heating element is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the battery cells, thereby heating up the battery cells to a suitable operating temperature. The operation of one or more electromagnets, one or more fans, and one or more heating element is controlled and monitored by the said one or more controllers.

[0010] Furthermore, different embodiments of the present invention describe the use of combination of above stated structures and devices for maintaining respective operating temperatures of the battery cells inside the battery pack system and overall electric vehicle.

[0011] The summary above is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Further aspects, exemplary embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Embodiments of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0013] FIG. 1a is a perspective view of the battery pack system, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] FIG. 1b is a perspective view of the battery module, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] FIG. 1c is a perspective view of the battery module excluding fans and fan mount, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 1d is a section perspective view of the battery module excluding fans and fan mount, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 1e is a perspective view of the assembly of battery modules, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 1f is a section perspective view of the battery pack system emphasizing module assembly inside the battery pack, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 1g is a section perspective view of the outer casing of the battery pack system, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 1h is a top section view of the outer casing of the battery pack system, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 1i is a side section view of the outer casing of the battery pack system, in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 2a is a top section view of battery cell arrangement inside the battery module emphasizing inline arrangement of battery cells, in accordance with a second another embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 2b is a top section view of battery cell arrangement inside the battery module emphasizing staggered arrangement of battery cells, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 3a is a top section view of the battery pack system emphasizing external and internal air flow, in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 3b is a top section view of the battery pack system emphasizing internal air flow, in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 4a is a block diagram representation of seperate battery system and controller enclosed in a chassis of an Electric Vehicle, in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 4b is a block diagram representation of combined battery system and controller enclosed in a chassis of an Electric Vehicle, in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Further, persons skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the figures with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications to the disclosure, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as described herein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates are deemed to be a part of this disclosure.

[0030] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the disclosure and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

[0031] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or a method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices, other subsystems, other elements, other structures, other components, additional devices, additional sub-systems, additional elements, additional structures, or additional components. Appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0033] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0034] Various embodiments of the battery system 100 are explained using FIGS 1a-4b.

[0035] In accordance to the first embodiment of the present invention, a battery pack system 100 and its sub-assemblies as illustrated in FIGS. 1a-1i are disclosed. The battery pack system 100 comprises an outer casing. The outer casing further comprises a left side wall 204, a right side wall 202, a top wall 205, a bottom wall 206, a front wall 203, and a back wall 201. The said walls 201 to 206 may be planar or may have suitable geometry that enhances the functionality of the battery pack system 100 or the electric vehicle comprising the battery pack as a whole. The functionalities may be related to aerodynamics, heat transfer, or structural for example, the front wall 203 and the back wall 201 may have a taper to enhance streamlines air flow and reduce aerodynamic drag. Walls 201 to 206 are coupled to each other for providing structural support to the battery system 100. The said walls 201 to 206 may be made up of a metal and welded, adhesively bonded or fastened together. The said metal walls 201 to 206 have an insulating material coating or layer on the outside, thereby thermally insulating the battery pack system 100 from the environment. Alternatively, the said walls 201 to 206 may be made up of thermally insulating material wherein, thereby eliminating the need of having thermal insulation on the outside. The thermally insulating material may be a plastic, glass fibre, carbon fibre, or other materials known in the art which are strong enough to provide structural integrity to the battery pack system 100. Further, the side walls 204 and 202 are hollow, such that, the side walls comprise channels 401 and 402 to allow air to flow through the side walls them. The channels 401 and 402 are made up of a metal and may further comprise fin structure for increased heat transfer.

[0036] Further, the battery pack system 100 comprise structure on the openings of the channels 401 and 402, termed as “gates”. The gates are sub-categorised into inlet gates 301 and 302, and outlets gates 304 and 303. The inlet gates 301 and 302 are coupled to the opening of channels 401 and 402 where the air enters into the channels 401 and 402, while, the outlet gates 304 and 303 are coupled to the opening of channels 401 and 402 where the air exits from the channels 401 and 402. As illustrated in FIG.1a, gates 301 to 304 are hinged to the side walls 204 and 202. Herein, the term “hinged” refers to a mechanism or joint by which an object swings over another object. It is to be noted that the gates 301 to 304 may be hinged to the front wall 203 and the back wall 201 instead. Wherein, the gates 301 to 304 contain a material which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet, e.g. an ferromagnetic material or a magnet.

[0037] Further, electromagnets 701 to 708 are provided for the actuation of gates 301 to 304. Herein, an electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current and the magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. As illustrated in FIG. 1g, FIG. 1h and FIG. 1i, the electromagnets 701, 702, 705 and 706 are coupled to the front wall 203 and the electromagnets 703, 704, 707, 708 are coupled to the back wall 201. It is to be noted that, these electromagnets may be coupled to the side walls 202 and 204 instead. The said electromagnets 701 to 708 attract or release the gates 301 to 304, thereby closing and opening operation of the gates control the flow of air through the channels 401 and 402.

[0038] As illustrated in FIGS. 1b-1d, a battery module 500 is provided. The battery module 500 comprises battery cells 504 arranged in a suitable pattern to enhance the packing efficiency and heat transfer. A structure 501 provides structural support to the battery cell 504 and the overall battery module 500. One or more Fans 502 are provided in each battery module for circulation of air through the battery cells 504. The said fans 502 may rotate bidirectionally, such that, the air flow is to and fro. The to and fro manner of air flow ensures equal temperatures of battery cells 504 inside the battery module 500 as the heat is periodically absorbed in both front and reverse directions.

[0039] For exemplary and simplicity purpose, the present disclosure and the corresponding drawings explain a battery pack system comprising “cylindrical battery cells”. However, it is to be noted that the various embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for battery cells having different geometries in the battery pack system. Other types of battery cell geometries include prismatic cell geometry, pouch cell geometry, etc.

[0040] A heating element 800 is provided in the battery pack system 100. Herein, a heating element comprises resistors ad produces heat when a current is passed through it. As illustrated in FIG. 1g, the heating element 800 is attached to the front wall 203. One or more heating elements may be used and attached to one or more walls 201 to 206.

[0041] As illustrated in FIG.1g to 1i, inner fin structures 601 and 602 are provided on to the side walls 204 and 202. The fins 601 and 602 provide enhanced heat transfer. FIG.1e and FIG.1f illustrate the assembly of battery modules 500 inside the battery pack system 100. Modules are stacked upon one another such that the inner fins 601 and 602 are adjacent to each module 500.

[0042] In accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention, arrangement pattern of the battery cell 504 inside the battery module 500 is illustrated in FIG.2a. The battery cells 504 are arranged in an inline pattern. The air flow pattern is also illustrated in FIG.2a. In the said arrangement, the air flows in straight line and touches sides of the battery cell. For an equal flow rate, the pressure drop and the heat transfer is less as compared to a staggered arrangement.

[0043] In accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention, arrangement pattern of the battery cell 504 inside the battery module 500 is illustrated in FIG.2b. The battery cells 504 are arranged in an staggered pattern. The air flow pattern is also illustrated in FIG.2b. In the said arrangement, the air flows in zig-zag manner and touches almost complete wall of the battery cell. For an equal flow rate, the pressure drop and the heat transfer is more as compared to an inline arrangement.

[0044] In accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG.3a, the electromagnets 701 to 708 open the inlet and outlet gates 301 to 304 such that the upstream air flowing around the battery pack system 100 enters the outer channels 401 and 402. The one or more fans 502 circulate the air inside the battery pack system 100 such that, the heat produced during operation of the battery cells 504 is absorbed by the air and is discharged to the inner fins 601 and 602 thereby maintaining suitable operating temperature of the battery cell 504, and the heat absorbed by the inner fins 601 and 602 is further transferred to the outer channels 401 and 402, and the air flowing through the channels 401 and 402 further absorbs the heat and discharges the heat to the environment.

[0045] The fourth embodiment of the present invention describes the mode of operation of the battery pack system 100 in hot climate. Herein, the term “hot climate” means the ambient air temperature being higher than operating temperature range of the battery cells. In an electric vehicle system comprising the battery pack system 100, the air flowing around the vehicle is channelized through the channels 401 and 402 to obtain cooling of the battery cells 504. Thus, a suitable operating temperature and efficiency of the battery cells 504 is maintained.

[0046] In accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG.3b, the electromagnets 701 to 708 close the inlet and outlet gates 301 to 304 such that the upstream air flowing around the battery pack system 100 does not enter the outer channels 401 and 402. The heating element 800 is turned on and the one or more fans 502 circulate the air inside the battery pack system 100 such that, the heat produced by the heating element 800 is absorbed by the air and is discharged by the battery cells 504, thereby heating up the battery cells 504 to a suitable operating temperature.

[0047] The fifth embodiment of the present invention describes the mode of operation of the battery pack system 100 in cold climate. Herein, the term “cold climate” means the ambient air temperature being lower than operating temperature range of the battery cells. Thus, a suitable operating temperature and efficiency of the battery cell 504 is maintained. The process of heating up the battery cells 504 may be carried until the suitable temperature is achieved, after which the heating element 800 may be turned off and the heat produced during the operation of battery cell 504 may heat up itself.

[0048] The modes of operation of battery pack system 100, may be controlled by at least one controller suitably placed internally or externally of the battery system. The one or more controller controls and monitors the operation of the fans 502, the heating element 800, and the electromagnets 701 to 708.

[0049] In accordance with the sixth embodiment of the present invention, an electric vehicle 80 is disclosed. As illustrated in FIG. 4a, the electric vehicle 80 comprises a chassis 90 configured to provide structure to the electric vehicle. Further, the electric vehicle comprises the battery pack system 100. Further, the electric vehicle comprises at least one controller 110 operatively coupled within the chassis 90, and is configured to control a plurality of devices within the electric vehicle, wherein the one or more controllers 110 are operatively coupled to sensors, thereby detecting the ambient air temperature and the battery cell temperature.

[0050] In accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention, an electric vehicle 80 is disclosed. As illustrated in FIG. 4b, the electric vehicle 80 comprises a chassis 90 configured to provide structure to the electric vehicle. Further, the electric vehicle comprises the battery system 100. Further, the electric vehicle comprises at least one controller 110 operatively coupled within the battery system 100, and is configured to control a plurality of devices within the battery system, wherein the one or more controllers 110 are operatively coupled to sensors, thereby detecting the ambient air temperature and the battery cell temperature.

[0051] While specific language has been used to describe the disclosure, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein.

[0052] The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.