FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 [39 OF 1970]
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [SEE SECTION 10]
1 TITLE
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIO-DIESEL

2 APPLICANT
NAME MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.
ADDRESS GATEWAY BUILDING
APOLLO BUNDER MUMBAI 400001. MAHARASHTRA STATE. INDIA
NATIONALITY INDIAN COMPANY REGISTERED UNDER THE INDIAN COMPANIES ACT, 1913
The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:-


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention.
The present invention relates to the use of ALKANNATINCTORIA WHICH IS KNOWN IN THE INDIAN SUB CONTINENT AS RATAN JOT in the manufectureof a fuel composition for motor vehicles [ bio diesel] and Ihe process to manufecture such Bio-DieseL
2. Description of the Prior Art
it is known that agriculture and industry utilize diesal-powered engines for multitude of
purposes. However, the supply of petroleum derived diesel fuel is limited.
The reduction in world petroleum reserves and uncertainty m petroleum suppr/due to political and economical reasons caused considerable concern and has encouraged the search for alternative sources for petroleum based fuels dsespecally for diesel iuels. The search for Bio-Diesel began.
Biodiesel generally is a diesel fuel substitute produced form renewable solaces such as vegetable oils, animal fits, and recycled cooking oils. Chemically, it is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derrved from renewable lipid sources. Biodiesel is typically produced through the reaction ofa vegetable oil or aiamal fat with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield glycerin and biodiesel (chemically called methyl or ethyl esters). Biodiesel can be used m neat form, or blended with petroleum diesel for use in diesel engines. Its physical and chemical properties as it relates to operation of diesel engines are similre to to petroleum based diesel fuel Vegetable Oils are considered to be best suited as a source for diesel fuels diesel engines. Several vegetable oils have been tried as substitutes, but limited success has been achieved.

Some of the vegetable Oils such as Sun Flower Oil, Palm oil Peanut oil or even Soya 0il have found with success to run engines.
It has been found that the impurities cotained invegetable oil hinder the pcrfonnance of Bio Diesel prepared therefrom. Thus the vegetabteofl are required to be refined and/or filtered adding to the time in preparation and costs of the end product.
3. Summary of the Iaveation.
The present invention provides a process for the productwn of material useable as fud from ALKANNA TINCTORIA WHICH IS KNOWN IN THE INDIAN SUB CONTINENT AS RAT AN JOT with a mxtureootas aim hydroxide [KOH] and methanol [CH30H]
The present invention further provides for a the filteratwn of ALKANNA TINCTORIA
WHICH IS KNOWN IN THE INDIAN SUB CONTINENT AS RATAN JOT oil and
heating ft gradualry to a temperature of 10 oand cooling it thereafter to 55°C
The present invention further provides for preparation ofanmrurecontaming a namxtare of Potassium Hydroxide [KOH] & Methanol at room temperature.
The present invention further provide for the
me Oil withcontinuous stirring and atowingittostandinaseparatkmvessdwheremme Bio Diesel will remain on the top whereas the Glycerol would settle at the bottom which can then be drained off.
The present invention also provides for the stirring of Diesel Oil wiui de-mineralized water and allowing the same to stand till the separation occurs and the water settled at bottom is drained off.

1 1
The present invention involves the heating of the bio diesel to a temperature of 100 degree Celsius for 1/2 an hour and there after cooled to room temperature and can be packed into container for use.
4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow-diagram of the process of the present invention.
5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention relates to the use of ALKANNA TINCTORIA WHICH IS KNOWN IN THE INDIAN SUB CONTINENT AS RATAN JOT [RJ oil] being preferably in a crude form to be used as the medium to be converted into Bio Diesel by reaction with methanol and catalyst as shown in the Schematic Diagram FIG 1.
At a given time 200 litres of the Ratan Jyot oil is taken and filtered by means of a funnel for removal of particles, dirt and the kind. The filtered Ratan Jyot oil is then taken in a large container and boiled at 100° C and maintained at that temperature till all water in the Ratan Jyot oil evaporates off and then cooled to a temperature of 55° C in the same container.
During the cooling process of the Ratan Jyot oil, take a container and place 600 gms of Potassium hydroxide [KOH] in it. To this KOH add 26 litres of methanol and mix well at room temperature, which should be preferably maintained at between 22-23 °C.
Once the KOH-Methanol mixture is mixed well the same should be added to the cooled RJ oil with continuous stirring of the mixture until the same is mixed well.
The mixture of KOH-Methanol and RJ oil is then poured into a separation vessel and allowed to set for at least four (4) hours.
The reaction of the KOH-Methanol mixture and Ratan Jyot oil leads to the Bio Diesel with

Glycerol as a bi product.
The Glycerol settles slowly to the bottom and the Diesel oil remains at the top.
Once the separation stops the Glycerol is drained off by means of a container.
The remaining Bio Diesel is then stirred well with 100 lkres of de-mineralizied water at room temperature and kept for about one hours till the Bio diesel and water separate and me water settled below is drained off
TheBiodMisihelieatedtoateinperalure 1/2 hours and allowed to
cool to room temperature.
The product after filtration is ready for use in diesel engines.

claim:
A process for producing Bio-Diesel
• by grinding the seeds of Rata Jyot [ Alkanna Tinctoria] and
• filtering the same by using a funnel to remove of particles, dirt and
• boiling the filterate in a large container at 100 degree C until the constituent water in the filterate is evaporated and
• the remanants cooled at a temperature of 55 degree centigrade during which methanol and catalyst such as KOH, which are kept ready and at room temperature, are added while contents are stirred continuously, and
• the mixture containing Bio-Diesel and bi product Glycerol is poured into a separate vessel and set for a period of 4 hours and
• the settled portion Glycerol is removed / drained off and
• the remnants stirred well with de-mineralized water at room temperature and kept to set for 1 hour and the after the water settled is drained off and
• the Bio Diesel formed is heated to a temperature of 100 degrees C for 30 minutes and allowed to cool at room temperature.
Dated this 25th day of March 2002
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd By its Advocates, Patent & Trade Mark Consultants
Shyam Sunder Iyer Advocate & Patent Agent TAS & CO
To,
Te Controller of Patents, The Patent Office at Mumbai