Title of invention: Lining method for bricks
Technical field
[0001]
　The present invention relates to a method for lining a brick for constructing a side wall (inner side wall) of a substantially cylindrical kiln such as a blast furnace, a hot-blast stove, a converter, an electric furnace, a ladle, and a vacuum degassing furnace.
Background technology
[0002]
　For example, the side wall of a converter is usually constructed by sequentially arranging bricks in the circumferential direction and stacking a plurality of layers in the vertical direction. This brick has a dovetail shape or a shape similar thereto, and two side surfaces in the circumferential direction when it is lined in a converter are tapered surfaces. Conventionally, two shapes of bricks having different taper angles have been used for the lining of each step. This is because the number of brick shapes can be reduced by using two shapes of bricks even when lining stages having different furnace construction radii in one kiln, and the manufacturing cost of bricks can be suppressed. The combination of the two shapes of bricks having different taper angles can be applied to other kilns having slightly different inner diameters.
[0003]
　However, in this method, the combination (ratio) of the two shapes of bricks must be determined in advance, and the shapes must be selected each time so that the bricks are oriented at right angles to the wall. There was a problem that the lining work of bricks was complicated and time-consuming.
[0004]
　In order to solve the problem, there is a method of arranging bricks in a pallet in a predetermined order in advance, as in Patent Document 1. According to this method, the lining work of the kiln becomes easy, but there is a problem that the work of packing the bricks is troublesome. Further, although the bricks were arranged in a predetermined order during the lining work of the bricks, it was necessary to confirm the shape of each brick during the lining work.
[0005]
　On the other hand, it is also conceivable to use one shape of brick for each stage, but if this is done, the lining work efficiency of bricks will be improved, but the shape will differ for each stage with different building radius or for each kiln with different building radius. It is necessary to prepare many types of bricks, which causes a problem that a lot of man-hours are required for replacement work of the molding dies (metal frame and upper and lower liners) at the time of molding bricks.
Prior art documents
Patent literature
[0006]
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-9707
Summary of the invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0007]
　The problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the efficiency of the lining work of a brick in a brick lining method for constructing a side wall of a kiln without increasing the manufacturing cost of the brick used.
Means for solving the problem
[0008]
　According to the present invention, the following methods (1) to (4) for lining bricks are provided.
(1) inside the side of the kiln furnace having a substantially cylindrical with and Furnace radius different sites, a lining method bricks to build a side wall of the kiln by bricks multiple stages stack,
　brick Based on the position when the lining is placed in the kiln, the circumferential side faces are the circumferential side faces, the angle between the two circumferential side faces is the taper angle, and the back face width of the brick is the back face width. In this
　case, only bricks with the same taper angle and height except for the adjustment bricks are used for the steps with different building radii, and at least a part of each step has the taper angle and height. A brick lining method that uses bricks with the same length and length but different back widths.
(2) In steps with the same furnace radius, only bricks with the same taper angle and height are used for each step except for the adjustment brick, and at least a part of each step has a taper angle, height, The method of lining a brick according to (1), wherein a brick having the same length and the same width as the back surface is used.
(3) The method of lining a brick according to (1) or (2), wherein a brick pressure-molded in one axial direction is used so that the circumferential side surface serves as a pressure surface.
(4) The brick lining method according to (1), (2) or (3), wherein the kiln is a converter.
Effect of the invention
[0009]
　By using bricks with the same taper angle, height, and length in different stages with different building radii, bricks with different shapes (backside width) can be manufactured while suppressing the manufacturing cost (molding cost) of bricks. be able to. That is, by molding in the direction in which the circumferential side surface becomes the pressing surface during the manufacturing of bricks, the back surface width can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of kneaded material used without changing the liners used for the upper and lower pressing surfaces. Since different bricks can be formed, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
　Further, when lining the side wall of the kiln, basically the same brick can be continuously lined, so that the work efficiency for lining the brick is significantly improved. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to arrange bricks in order on the pallet in advance, the burden of packing work does not increase.
Brief description of the drawings
[0010]
FIG. 1A is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a converter for explaining an embodiment of the brick lining method of the present invention.
FIG. 1B is a partial transverse cross section of the seventh stage in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2A is a plan view of a brick used in the first, second and third to thirteenth steps in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram of the bricks used in the first, second and third stages in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2C is a perspective view of a brick used in the third to thirteenth stages in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram of the bricks used in the 14th, 15th and 16th stages in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the brick used in the 14th stage in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical cross section of an actual converter for explaining an example of the method for lining a brick of the present invention.
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0011]
　FIG. 1A is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a converter for explaining an embodiment of the brick lining method of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a partial transverse cross section of the seventh stage in the lining of the side wall of the converter shown in FIG. 1A. In addition, in FIG. 1A, the bricks on the bottom of the furnace are not shown.
[0012]
　In FIG. 1A, a refractory 2 for perm is lined inside the iron shell 1, and bricks 3A to 3H as lining materials are lined inside the refractory 2 for perm to form a side wall. Specifically, 18 steps of bricks are laminated (lining) on ​​the side wall of this converter, but the taper angles of the bricks used are all the same, so the number of bricks used in each step is the same. Is. In addition, the length of all 18-tiered bricks is the same. The cross section of this converter has a circular shape at all parts, and the bricks are arranged as shown in FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 1B, in the present invention, the circumferential side faces 33, 34 of the brick are the side faces in the circumferential direction when lined in a kiln.
[0013]
　On the side wall of this converter, the building radii of the straight body parts of the 3rd to 13th steps are equal, but the building radii of the 1st step, the 2nd step, and the 14th to 18th steps are different. Here, the building radius is the distance from the center of the converter to the inner surface of the refractory for perm.
[0014]
　FIG. 2A shows a plan view of a brick 3A used in the first stage, a brick 3B used in the second stage, and a brick 3C used in the third to thirteenth stages. The taper angles α of bricks 3A to C are all equal. Here, the taper angle of the brick is an angle α formed by the two circumferential side surfaces 33, 34.
[0015]
　FIG. 2B is a plan view in which three types of bricks 3A to 3C used in the first, second, and third to thirteenth stages are stacked in the height direction by aligning the circumferential side surfaces 34 on one side of the brick. is there. The bottom brick 3C is a brick used in the 3rd to 13th steps. Since it is placed in the part with the largest building radius, the backside width is the largest, and as the building radius becomes smaller, the backside width becomes smaller. Has become. That is, the back surface width W3 of the brick 3C (3rd to 13th steps)>the back surface width W2 of the brick 3B (second step)>the back surface width W1 of the brick 3A (first step).
[0016]
　FIG. 2C is a perspective view of a brick 3C used in the third to thirteenth stages, which is a so-called dovetail shape, in which the longitudinal surface (circumferential side surface) of the brick is inclined at the same angle in the long side direction. , The largest surface is trapezoidal. Brick with different width is used for the first and second tiers. In the present invention, the circumferential direction of the back surface 36 of the brick is the back surface width, the circumferential direction of the inner surface 35 is the inner surface width, the bottom side of the kiln is the lower surface 32, and the kiln furnace is based on the position when the brick is lined. The upper side of is called the upper surface 31. Further, the brick length is H in the furnace length direction and the brick length L is in the furnace radial direction.
[0017]
　As described above, these three types of bricks 3A to 3C have the same taper angle α, height H, and length L, and therefore, when manufacturing the brick, the circumferential side surface 34 is the pressing surface as shown in FIG. 2B. It is possible to perform molding by using a common metal frame and upper and lower liners by performing pressure molding in the uniaxial direction so that Here, the metal frame is a frame that forms side surfaces during molding of the brick, and upper and lower liners are an upper liner and a lower liner that form upper and lower surfaces during molding of the brick. The upper liner and/or the lower liner moves up and down in the metal frame to form the kneaded clay in the metal frame into a pressure brick shape. Then, by changing the amount of the kneaded clay put into the space constituted by the metal frame and the lower liner, it is possible to form a brick having different widths.
[0018]
　FIG. 3A shows that the bricks 3D used in the 14th stage, the brick 3E used in the 15th stage, and the brick 3F used in the 16th stage are aligned in the height direction with one circumferential side surface 34 aligned. FIG. The bottom brick 3D is a brick used in the 14th stage, and has a large back width because it is arranged in a portion having a large building radius, and the back width becomes smaller as the building radius becomes smaller. Although not shown in FIG. 3A, the backside width of the brick 3G used in the 17th stage and the brick 3H used in the 18th stage are similarly reduced. That is, backside width W4 of brick 3D (14th stage)> backside width W5 of brick 3E (15th stage)> backside width W6 of brick 3F (16th stage)> backside width of brick 3G (17th stage)> brick It is the back width of 3G (18th step).
[0019]
　FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the brick 3E used in the 14th stage, and in the brick of FIG. 2C, the inner surface 35 and the back surface 36 are inclined with respect to the upper surface 31 and two surfaces (the inner surface 35 and the back surface 36). Are bricks that are parallel to each other. In the 14th to 18th rows, a brick having a width different from that of the brick 3E is used.
[0020]
　Even if the furnace radii are different in this way, by using the same taper angle α, height H and length L of the bricks used for each step, the common metal frame and upper and lower liners can be used as described above. Since it can be used for molding, there is no need to replace the molding die (metal frame and upper and lower liners) during molding, and the molding cost (manufacturing cost) does not increase even if the number of brick shapes increases. In particular, the converter has many steps with different building radii because the upper part and the lower part are inclined as shown in FIG. 1A. By applying the present invention, the effect of improving the lining work efficiency without increasing the manufacturing cost is great. ..
　In addition, since it is possible to use bricks with one shape for each step in the parts with the same furnace construction radius, that is, in the 3rd to 13th steps, it is possible to improve the efficiency of lining work without increasing the packing work cost of bricks. it can.
[0021]
　In FIG. 1A, the lengths of the bricks lined in one step are all equal, but if the taper angles are equal, bricks having different lengths may be partially used. For example, there is a case where a brick having a long length is arranged in a region where the wear is large on the side wall of the converter such as in the vicinity of the tap hole of the converter. In this case, the lining method of the present invention can be applied. Specifically, a brick with a length of 900 mm can be used in a region where wear is large, and a brick with two different lengths of 800 mm can be lined in one step in the other part. That is, the lining method of the present invention is, "in steps with different building radii, only bricks having the same taper angle and height are used in each step except for the adjustment brick, and at least a part of each step" Brick with the same taper angle, height and length but different back width is used.” Brick with the same taper angle, height and length is used for “at least a part” of each step. do it. In other words, bricks having the same taper angle, height and length may be used for "at least a part" of each of the steps having different furnace radii. Note that FIG. 1A shows a case where bricks having the same taper angle, height, and length are used for “all” of the steps of steps having different furnace radii, and in this case, the efficiency of the lining work is the highest. improves. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the lining work, it is most preferable to be “all” as shown in FIG. 1A, and in the case of “at least a part”, the taper angle and the high angle are 50% (half) or more. It is preferable to use bricks of equal length and length. “For steps with the same building radius, only bricks with the same taper angle and height are used for each step, excluding adjustment bricks, and taper angle, height and length are used for at least a part of each step. The same applies to "at least a part" in "using a brick having the same back width."
[0022]
　On the other hand, even if the bricks of two different lengths are used in one stage by using the bricks having partially different lengths as described above (in the case of "at least a part" described above), In the lining method, one step brick has four shapes, but since the lining method of the present invention requires only two shapes, the effect of reducing the molding work man-hours, the packing work man-hours, and the lining work man-hours can be obtained.
[0023]
　In addition, FIG. 1A is an example in which the present invention is applied to sidewalls having different building radii in one converter, but sidewalls having different building radii are provided between a plurality of converters or other kilns. The present invention can be applied to the case of lining. Since the same mold (metal frame and upper and lower liners) can be used in a plurality of kilns, the side walls of each kiln can be lined without increasing the manufacturing cost.
[0024]
　As described above, the brick used in the present invention uses one set of metal frame and upper and lower liners, respectively, and applies pressure in the uniaxial direction with the circumferential side surface as a pressure surface, and further, By adjusting the amount of kneaded clay to be charged, the bricks having a plurality of shapes having different inner surface widths and rear surface widths can be formed to be manufactured. Here, manufacturing steps other than molding, that is, kneading, drying, heat treatment and the like can be performed by the same manufacturing methods as in the related art. Further, in the embodiment, the dovetail shape and the shape similar to the dovetail shape have been shown, but other than this, a lateral slanted shape or a vertically slanted shape is also applicable.
Example
[0025]
　Next, an example in which the lining method of the present invention is applied to an actual converter will be described.
　FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical section of an actual converter subjected to the lining test. In FIG. 4, the 1st to 36th steps were performed by the lining method of the present invention, and the 37th step and above were lined by combining two conventional bricks having different taper angles per step. Note that, in FIG. 4, the linings other than the portions subjected to the lining method of the present invention are omitted.
[0026]
　In this converter, the building radius of the straight body part of the 7th to 36th stages is 4000 mm, and the building radius is reduced from the 6th stage downward. The length of the 1st to 5th-stage bricks was 720 mm, the length of the 6th to 17th stage bricks was 810 mm, and the length of the 18th to 36th stage bricks was 900 mm. In addition, the taper angle of all bricks is 2.25° and the height is 150 mm, but the back width of the brick of the straight body part (7th to 36th steps) is 157 mm, and the step brick with a small furnace radius is The back width is smaller than that of the straight body.
[0027]
　The shape of the brick used in this example, the packing method, the molding method, and the number of man-hours for each work are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the comparative example. The comparative example is a conventional lining method in which two shapes of bricks having different taper angles are used for each step. The bricks used in Examples and Comparative Examples were molded under the condition that the pressing surface (contact surface with the upper and lower liners) was the circumferential side surface.
[0028]
[table 1]

[0029]
　Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples will be described in detail with reference to Table 1. In addition, in Table 1, each work man-hour was described by the index which made each work man-hour of a comparative example 100.
[0030]
[1st to 5th steps] In the
　example, the shape of the brick is one in each step, but the backside width and the inner surface width of the brick are different for each step, and a total of 5 shapes of bricks were used. As for the packing method, only bricks of one shape were packed per pallet. Further, since the width of the brick was changed by changing the amount of kneaded clay put into the metal frame at the time of molding, only one type of metal frame and upper and lower liners were used.
　On the other hand, in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks having different tapers were used, and the packing method was to arrange the two shapes of bricks per pallet in the order of loading in the converter. Also, during molding, two types of upper and lower liners were used to change the taper angle of the brick.
　Regarding the total number of shapes of the bricks, the example had a total of 5 shapes due to the bricks having different widths in each of the 1st to 5th steps, whereas the comparative example had 2 shapes with different tapers.
[0031]
　In the brick forming process, since the length and taper angle of the bricks were the same in the example, the upper and lower liners could be formed with one type, but in the comparative example, two types of upper and lower liners were required to change the taper angle of the brick. The extra work of exchanging the upper and lower liners was necessary, and the number of man-hours required for molding increased.
　Regarding packing man-hours, in the embodiment, only one shape of goodwill is loaded on one pallet, but in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks are arranged in order on one pallet, which significantly increases the man-hours.
　Regarding the lining work man-hour, in the comparative example, the bricks arranged in the working order were taken out from the pallet, but the work for confirming the shape was required, and the lining work efficiency was inferior to that of the example.
[0032]
[Sixth to Seventh Stages] In the
　example, the shape of the brick is one in each stage, but the backside width and the inner side width of the bricks are different between the two stages, and two-shaped bricks were used. .. As for the packing method, only bricks of one shape were packed per pallet. On the other hand, at the time of molding, since the length is different from that of the bricks of the 1st to 5th stages, the metal frame and the upper and lower liners used the metal frame and the upper and lower liners having a length longer than that of the 1st to 5th stages. However, since the width of the brick was changed by changing the amount of kneaded clay put into the metal frame, only one type of metal frame and one type of upper and lower liners were used.
　On the other hand, in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks having different taper angles were used, and the packing method was to arrange the two shapes of brick per pallet in the order of loading in the converter. Also, during molding, a metal frame and upper and lower liners having different lengths from the first to fifth stage bricks are used, and unlike the examples, two types of upper and lower liners are used to change the taper angle of the bricks. did.
[0033]
　Regarding the total number of shapes of the bricks, the example has a total of two shapes because the widths of the bricks are different in each of the sixth to seventh steps, and the comparative example has two shapes with different taper angles.
　In the brick forming process, since the lengths of the first to fifth steps are different in the example, it is necessary to replace the metal frame and the upper and lower liners, and in the comparative example, two types of upper and lower liners are required. The extra work of replacing the liner has increased the man-hours required for molding.
　Regarding the packing work man-hour, in the embodiment, only one shape of goodwill may be stacked on one pallet, but in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks are arranged in order on one pallet, so that the man-hour is increased.
　Regarding the lining work man-hour, in the comparative example, the bricks arranged in the working order were taken out from the pallet, but the work of confirming the shape was required, and the lining work efficiency was inferior to that of the example.
[0034]
[8th to 17th steps] In the
　examples, the same bricks as those used in the 7th step were used, and the packing method was to pack one shape of brick per pallet, and to use one type of metal frame and upper and lower liners.
　On the other hand, in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks having the same taper angles as those of the seventh stage were used, and the packing method was to arrange the two shapes of bricks per pallet in the order of loading in the converter. Also, during molding, two types of upper and lower liners were used to change the taper angle of the brick.
[0035]
　In the brick forming process, it was not necessary to replace the metal frame because the same bricks as the 7th stage could be used in both the example and the comparative example, but in the comparative example, the taper angle of the brick was changed. Two types of upper and lower liners are required, and extra work for replacing the upper and lower liners is required, resulting in an increase in man-hours required for molding.
　Regarding the packing work man-hour, in the embodiment, only one shape of goodwill is required to be stacked on one pallet, but in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks are arranged in order on one pallet, so that the man-hours are significantly increased.
　Regarding the lining work man-hour, in the comparative example, the bricks arranged in the working order were taken out from the pallet, but the work of confirming the shape was required, and the lining work efficiency was inferior to that of the example.
[0036]
[18th to 36th steps] In the
　example, one shape of brick was used, and the packing method was to pack one shape of brick per pallet, but the length is different from that of the 7th to 17th steps when molding. For the metal frame and the upper and lower liners, a metal frame and upper and lower liners having a length longer than the 7th to 17th stages were used.
　On the other hand, in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks having different tapers were used, and the packing method was to arrange the two shapes of brick per pallet in the order of loading in the converter. Further, at the time of molding, a metal frame having a length longer than that of the 7th to 17th stages and an upper and lower liners were used, and two types of upper and lower liners were used for molding bricks having different taper angles.
[0037]
　In the brick forming process, in the example, it was necessary to replace the metal frame and the upper and lower liners used in the 7th to 17th stages with a longer metal frame and the upper and lower liners. In the comparative example, two types of upper and lower liners were required to be replaced in order to form two shapes of bricks having different tapers, so that the comparative example had more man-hours for forming.
　Regarding the packing work man-hour, in the embodiment, only one shape of goodwill is required to be stacked on one pallet, but in the comparative example, two shapes of bricks are arranged in order on one pallet, so that the man-hours are significantly increased.
　Regarding the number of man-hours for lining work, in the comparative example, the bricks arranged in the working order were taken out from the pallet, but the work for confirming the shape was required, and the lining work efficiency was inferior to that of the example.
[0038]
　In the above examples and comparative examples, description of the use of the adjusted brick was omitted. Adjusting bricks means that when the bricks are piled along the circumference of the steel skin (inner circumference of the refractory for perm), the shape of the last brick may not be constant, so the gap dimension should be measured and the brick shape along that dimension should be measured. It is a brick made by processing bricks that fills the gaps and is driven so as not to loosen in the circumferential direction. Although the adjusted bricks are appropriately used in both the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples, the working man-hours involved in using the adjusted bricks are almost the same in the examples and the comparative examples. It does not affect the comparison.
[0039]
　Further, in the above-described embodiment, the lining method of the present invention is applied to the 1st to 36th stages and the conventional lining method is applied to the 37th stage and above, but the present invention is applied to the 1st stage to the 36th stage. It can be said that the lining method of the above-described embodiment is within the scope of the present invention as long as the lining method of 1 is applied.
Explanation of symbols
[0040]
　1 Iron Peel
　2 Refractories for Perm
　3A to H Brick
　31 Upper surface
　32 Lower surface
　33 Circumferential side surface
　34 Circumferential side
　surface 35 Inner surface
　36 Rear surface
The scope of the claims
[Claim 1]
　Inside side of kilns having a substantially cylindrical and Furnace radius different sites, a lining method bricks to build a side wall of the kiln by bricks multiple stages stack,
　brick kilns When the side surface in the circumferential direction is the side surface in the circumferential direction, the angle formed by the two side surfaces in the circumferential direction is the taper angle, and the dimension in the circumferential direction of the back surface of the brick is the back surface width, based on the position when it is lined in In addition, for
　steps with different construction radii , only bricks with the same taper angle and height are used for each step, excluding adjustment bricks, and taper angle, height and length are used for at least a part of each step. A brick lining method that uses bricks with the same width but different back widths.
[Claim 2]
　For steps with the same building radius, only bricks with the same taper angle and height are used for each step, excluding adjustment bricks, and taper angle, height, length and The method for lining a brick according to claim 1, wherein a brick having an equal back width is used.
[Claim 3]
　The method for lining a brick according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a brick pressure-molded in a uniaxial direction such that a circumferential side surface serves as a pressure surface is used.
[Claim 4]
　The method for lining bricks according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the kiln is a converter.