Multi-jet nozzle, electrospray nozzle, multi-nozzle and electrospinning nozzles
used in electrospinning, electrojetting or electrosparying devices use various techniques
as explained below. For example, the electrospray nozzle comprises a silicon substrate
with a channel running between an entrance orifice and a nozzle output. The electrospray
nozzle produces an electrospray perpendicular to the nozzle surface. A silicon substrate
based electrospray nozzle is used to controllably disperse a sample into a
nanoelectrospray, however, the electrospray nozzle is not used for fibre production. The
electrospinning nozzle may form part of an electrospinning, electrojetting, or
electrospraying apparatus which further includes an electric field means arranged to form
a fluid cone and a fluid jet. The electrospinning nozzle may also include collecting the
generated fibres or particles. The electrospinning nozzle does not have multiple pores in it
to act like multi-nozzle for the production of multiple jets of nanofibres or nanospray
under the electric field. Electrospinning nozzle does not have syringe capped structure in
it to act like capillary type user friendly multi-jet nozzle for the production of multiple
jets of nanofibres or nanospray under the electric field. There is a need for a nozzle
capable of customizable pores and different technology to maintain high-throughput
nanofibre using electrospinning technique.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[002] The claims set forth the embodiments with particularity. The embodiments are
illustrated by way of examples and not by way of limitation in the figures of the
accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. Various
3
embodiments, together with their advantages, may be best understood from the following
detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[003] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capillary type multi-jet nozzle for fabricating
high throughput nanofibre, according to one embodiment.
[004] FIG. 2 is a side view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle, according
to one embodiment.
[005] FIG. 3 is a front view of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle,
according to one embodiment.
[006] FIG. 4 is an inner view of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle,
according to one embodiment.
[007] FIG. 5 is an isometric representation of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet
nozzle, according to one embodiment.
[008] FIG. 6 is a front view representation of a crew system for a capillary type multi-jet
nozzle, according to one embodiment.
[009] FIG. 7 is a bottom view representation of a crew system for a capillary type multijet nozzle, according to one embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 8A-8C represents isometric and front view of a crew system for a capillary
type multi-jet nozzle, according to one embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 9A-9C represents top view, side view and isometric view of a Teflon gasket
for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle, according to one embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 10 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with sixteen pores, according to one embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 11 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with thirty two pores, according to one embodiment.
4
[0014] FIG. 12 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with thirty nine pores, according to one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Embodiments of techniques of capillary type multi-jet nozzle for fabricating high
throughput nanofibre are described herein. In the following description, numerous
specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. A
person of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments
can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods,
components, materials, etc. In some instances, well-known structures, materials, or
operations are not shown or described in detail.
[0016] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “this embodiment”
and similar phrases, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described
in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one of the one or more
embodiments. Thus, the appearances of these phrases in various places throughout this
specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the
particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner
in one or more embodiments.
[0017] A capillary type multi-jet nozzle is created and a method is proposed for
production of nano-fibres and nano-powders through electrostatic spinning and
electrostatic spraying respectively of polymer liquid matrixes, which at the large scale
and industrial utilization would be possible in a short-term period to produce nanofibres
and nano-powders of a constant and uniform quality with the lowest possible demand for
cleaning, maintenance and adjustment, and which would remedy or at least reduce the
user difficulties in terms of time, maintenance, cleaning and uniformity.
5
[0018] The capillary type multi-jet nozzle described below is a unique nozzle to be used
in electrospinning, electrospraying, or electrojetting, for producing multiple fibres,
droplets, or particles. In particular, the apparatus relates to producing multiple jets from
the capillary type multi-jet nozzle for electropinning, electrojetting and electrospraying.
[0019] Electrospray is a method for spraying liquid in an electrostatic field for producing
an aerosol. In this method, the liquid is passed through a capillary tube with a high
voltage at the tip. There is also provided a plate biased at low voltage, such as ground,
spaced apart from the capillary in a direction normal to the capillary. Higher capillary tip
potential leads to the Taylor cone formation. A liquid jet is released through the tip of the
Taylor cone. The jet rapidly forms into droplets as a result of Coulomb repulsion in the
jet.
[0020] Similarly to electrospray, a voltage source is connected between the tip of a
capillary and a collector plate. Again, as a result of Columbic and overcoming surface
tension forces a Taylor cone forms. If the liquid is a polymer or other liquid with a
viscosity which is high enough (due to high molecular weight), the liquid jet emitted from
the Taylor cone does not breakup. The jet is further elongated by electrostatic repulsion in
the polymer or liquid until a thin fibre is produced. The fibre is finally deposited on the
collector. Instabilities in the liquid jet and evaporation of solvent can cause the fibre not
to be straight and may curl. By careful choice of polymer and solvent system combined
with a high enough electric field, fibres with nanometer scale diameters can be formed.
[0021] Electrospinning is a fibre production method which uses electric force to draw
charged threads of polymer solutions or polymer melts up to fibre diameters in the order
of some hundred nanometers. Electrospinning shares characteristics of both
electrospraying and conventional solution dry spinning of fibres. When a sufficiently high
voltage is applied to a liquid droplet, the body of the liquid becomes charged, and
6
electrostatic repulsion counteracts the surface tension and the droplet is stretched, at a
critical point a stream of liquid erupts from the surface. This point is known as the Taylor
cone. If the molecular cohesion of the liquid is sufficiently high, stream breakup does not
occur (if it does, droplets are electrosprayed) and a charged liquid jet is formed. As the jet
dries in flight, the mode of current flow changes as the charge migrates to the surface of
the fibre. The jet is then elongated by a whipping process caused by electroststic
repulsion initiated at small bends in the fibre, until it is finally deposited on the grounded
collector. The elongation and thinning of the fibre resulting from this bending instability
leads to the formation of uniform fibres with nonometer scale diameters. The
electrospinning method is a versatile technique for nanofibre production. Materials such
as polymers, composites, ceramic and metal nanowires have been fabricated directly or
through post-spinning processes. Diameters of 3-1000 nm have been achieved. The fibres
produced can be used in a diverse range of fields, from scaffolds for clinical use, to
nanofibre mats for sub-micron particulate filtration. Attempts have been made to fabricate
more complex fibres, such as fibres having a core material different to an outer shell, and
fibre materials incorporating drugs in the outer shell or bacteria and viruses in the inner
core. However, many of the techniques are confined to the laboratory because the
advances required for scaling up to manufacture have not been made.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 for
fabricating high throughput nanofibre, according to one embodiment. A unique add-on
capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 used in electro-spinning, electro-jetting, or electrospraying device enables forming multiple fluid jets from multiple Taylor cones. The
capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may have a plurality of pores arranged in a pore area
102 for supplying the fluid for use in the formation of multiple fluid jets. The pores in the
pore area 102 are arranged such that the multiple fluid jets include liquid. The individual
7
pore have openings from which the fluids are discharged to form multiple cones and
multiple jets. For electrohydrodynamic processes such as electrospinning, electrojetting,
or electrospraying, an electric field should be present in the vicinity of the device or
capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100. Electrospinning, electrojetting, and electrospraying
are related processes that differ in the resultant product as a result of differences in the
viscosities and types of fluids used, the electric field applied, the distance from the nozzle
to a collection surface etc. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may form part of an
electrospinning, electrojetting, or electrospraying apparatus which further includes
electric field means arranged to form the multiple fluid cone and multiple fluid jet. The
electric field means may include an electric field generator and a pair of electrodes for
applying the electric field between the capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 and a collection
zone spaced apart from the capillary type multi-jet nozzle.
[0023] The two or more pores in the pore area 102 may be arranged in the capillary type
multi-jet nozzle 100 to get multiple jet of fluid in electrical field during the process of
electrospinning, electrojetting and electrospraying. This allows the fibres to be aligned
over the substrate in lesser time than the single jet nozzle. The capillary type unique
structure makes the nano-fibres more aligned over the substrate and is user friendly and
time efficient. This allows multiple jets of fibres or particles, or allows a gas or liquid
sheath to be used to produce fibres or particles formed from materials supplied using
highly volatile solvents. The two or more openings may be arranged such that multiple
jets formed will be equal to the number of pores or openings.
[0024] The capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may be arranged in two parts such as cap
system 104 and crew system 106. The upper half or cap system 104 of the capillary type
multi-jet nozzle 100 contains two or more pores in the pore area 102 and the second half
or the crew system 106 contains the syringe cap. Both the halves can be tighten using
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screw grooves system. This enables user friendly cleaning of the pores. The cleaning
would be easier because of the cap and crew model which will further minimize the
chances of stalling or slowing down the flow rate while electrospinning / electrospraying /
electrojetting. The crew system 106 without capillary pores will be capped tightly to the
syringe with normal mechanical force.
[0025] The capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may be made up of good conducting
material which may be copper or stainless steel so that high power voltage may be given
for electrospinning process. For easy fitting operation the nozzle outer surface is knurled
by machining. The outer wall of the capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may have the
knurling groove 108 so that the crocodile clip groove might be easily fixed while
connecting the nozzle with high voltage for the process of electrospinning. The inner wall
of capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may have smooth surface for the efficient flow of
the fluid to be pumped from the syringe. The inner wall also has been given capillary
pores by wire EDM (Electric Discharge Machine). The pores or openings in the
pores/pores may have inner diameter of 0.25 mm for the jet formation with better
efficiencies without hindering the other jets. The channel which meets the syringe may
have the smooth inner walls which can be easily push fit with the tip of the syringe and
the other end has the external thread of screw grooves. The multiple pores containing
channel has the internal screw threads at one end and pores on the other end. The
capillary type multi-jet nozzle 100 may be fabricated using micro-machining. Chamfer
110 is a cut at an angle of 45 degrees connecting the pores area 102 and the knurling
groove 108. Teflon gasket 112 has been used for proper tightening and sealing of the cap
system 104 and the crew system 106. The crew system 106 will be capped tightly to the
syringe with normal mechanical force using connecting portion to syringe 114.
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[0026] FIG. 2 is a side view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle, according
to one embodiment. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle is arranged in two parts such as
cap system 200 and a crew system, the cap system 200 is held by crocodile clip during
electrospinning process. The side view of the cap system 200 for the capillary type multijet nozzle with eight pores in capillary pore area 202 is shown with the outer diameter of
11 mm 204 and an inner diameter of 7.5 mm 206. The knurling 208 length as shown is 7
mm 210. It can be noted that knurling 208 has to be given over the straight portion after
the chamfer 212. The outer diameter of the chamfer 212 is 7 mm 214 and half length of
the conical part is 3.5 mm. The distance of edge part from capillary action part is 0.4 mm
218. Capillary action diameter is 6.2 mm (not shown). It can be noted that the knurling
208 has been given for the proper grip between the capillary based multi-nozzle and the
crocodile clip to connect high voltage.
[0027] FIG. 3 is a front view of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle,
according to one embodiment. The cap system 300 of capillary type multi-jet nozzle
includes capillary pores 302 which may vary based on the requirements, for example,
there may be up to forty or more capillary pores 302 in the cap system 300. The number
of capillary pores 302 in the capillary type multi-jet nozzle is customizable depending on
the requirement. The capillary pores 302 support the electrospinning, electro-jetting or
electro-spraying process with capillary action. The cap system 300 for capillary type
multi-jet nozzle is shown with eight capillary pores 304, where the individual capillary
pore is of 0.25 mm in diameter. The diameter of the inner circle is 7.5 mm 306. The angle
of one pores to adjacent pores from the centre is 45° 308. The distance of edge part from
capillary action part is 0.4 mm 310. The radius of each knurling turn of outer circle is 5.5
mm 312, and the knurling distance is 1 mm AA/ 314 considered in a straight pattern. The
distance between the starting point of knurling pattern and the outer circle is 3.5 mm 316.
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The radius of the outer circle is 3.50 mm 318 and the distance between the outer circle to
the starting of the knurling pattern is 2 mm 320. The size of one knurling patter is 1 mm
322 on the circular or outer surface.
[0028] FIG. 4 is an inner view of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle,
according to one embodiment. The inner view of the cap system 400 is shown for the
capillary type multi-jet nozzle with eight capillary pores 402. The circular diameter of the
cap system 400 is 7.5 mm 404, and the distance between the center to the starting point of
the knurling pattern is 5.5 mm 406. The distance between the circle and starting point of
knurling pattern is 3.75 mm 408. The angle between the mid-points of adjacent knurling
from the center is 12° 410. The capillary pore 402 diameter is same as described in FIG.1
i.e. 0.25 mm, and the distance of the capillary pore 402 from the centre is 2.9 mm 412.
The angle of capillary pore 402 to an adjacent pore from the centre is 45° 414, and the
distance of edge part from capillary action part is 0.4 mm 416.
[0029] FIG. 5 is an isometric representation of a cap system for a capillary type multi-jet
nozzle, according to one embodiment. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle consists of two
part namely cap system 500 and a crew system. As described above it is referred to as a
crew-cap system, the crew system holds the syringe, the system that meets the syringe
have smooth inner walls which can easily push fit the tip of the syringe and the other end
has an external thread of screw grooves. The isometric view of the cap system 500 is
shown including capillary pores 502, chamfer 504 and knurling 506.
[0030] FIG. 6 is a front view representation of a crew system for a capillary type multi-jet
nozzle, according to one embodiment. The crew system 600 is the secondary part of the
capillary type multi-jet nozzle which supports a syringe part for electrospinning,
electrojetting and electrospraying process with capillary action. The thread 602 with
thread grooves 604 shown in the front view of the crew system 600 for capillary type
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multi-jet nozzle is with an outer diameter of 8 mm 606 and an inner diameter of
concentric circle is 4 mm 608. The thread pitch of screw groove system is 1 mm 610. The
length of the crew system is 17 mm, the screw thread length is 5 mm 612 and the portion
below the screw thread is 12 mm 614. The total diameter of the crew system 600 is 11
mm 616 and the inner diameter of the crew system is 4mm 618. The syringe will fit at the
4 mm 618 diameter opening.
[0031] FIG. 7 is a bottom view representation of a crew system for a capillary type multijet nozzle, according to one embodiment. The bottom view of the crew system 700 for
capillary type multi-jet nozzle which holds the syringe portion is shown in figure 7. The
outer diameter of the crew system 700 is 11 mm 702 and the inner diameter of the crew
system 700 is 4 mm 704. The thread part of the crew system 700 is of 8 mm 706 as outer
diameter and of 4 mm as inner diameter. The syringe attaching hole is shown in 708.
[0032] FIG. 8A-8C represents isometric and front view of a crew system for a capillary
type multi-jet nozzle, according to one embodiment. FIG. 8A is an isometric
representation of the crew system showing screw thread 802 and syringe attaching hole
804. FIG. 8B show the front view of the screw thread for capillary type multi-jet nozzle.
The thread part of the crew system 800 is of 8 mm 806 as outer diameter and of 4 mm
808 as inner diameter. The thread pitch of screw groove system is 1 mm 810. FIG. 8C
represents an isometric of the screw thread for capillary type multi-jet nozzle.
[0033] FIG. 9A-9C represents top view, side view and isometric view of a Teflon gasket
for a capillary type multi-jet nozzle, according to one embodiment. Teflon gasket has
been used for proper tightening and sealing of a cap system and a crew system. FIG. 9A
shows the top view of the Teflon gasket with an outer radius 5 mm 902 and an inner
radius 4 mm 904. The thickness of Teflon gasket is 1.5 mm 906 as depicted in FIG. 9B.
The inner diameter of the Teflon gasket is 8mm 908 and the outer diameter is 11mm 910.
12
For better understanding, the isometric representation of Teflon gasket has been shown in
FIG. 9C.
[0034] FIG. 10 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with sixteen pores, according to one embodiment. The top view of the cap system of the
capillary based multi-nozzle is shown with 16 pores and the angle between the adjacent
pores from the center is 22.5°, with the rest all other dimensions as described above. The
circular diameter of the cap system 1000 is 7.5 mm 1002, and the distance between the
center to the starting point of the knurling pattern is 5.5 mm 1004. The angle between the
mid-points of adjacent knurling from the center is 12° 1006. The capillary pore 1008
diameter is same as described in FIG.1 i.e. 0.25 mm, and the distance of the capillary pore
1008 from the centre is 2.9 mm 1010.
[0035] FIG. 11 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with thirty two pores, according to one embodiment. The cap system 1100 of the capillary
based multi-nozzle with 32 pores is shown with an angle of 11.25° 1102 between the
adjacent pores from the center. The circular diameter of the cap system 1100 is 7.5 mm
1104, and the distance between the center to the starting point of the knurling pattern is
5.5 mm 1106. The angle between the mid-points of adjacent knurling from the center is
12° 1102. The capillary pore 1108 diameter is same as described in FIG.1 i.e. 0.25 mm,
and the distance of the capillary pore 1108 from the centre is 2.9 mm 1110. The distance
of edge part from capillary action part is 0.4 mm 1112.
[0036] FIG. 12 represents a top view of a cap system for capillary type multi-jet nozzle
with thirty nine pores, according to one embodiment. The cap system 1200 of the
capillary based multi-nozzle with 39 pores used in electrospinning, electro-jetting and
electro-spraying is shown in FIG. 12. From the central pores all other pores have been
designed on three consecutive concentric circles that are equidistant from each other. The
13
pores are with similar or same dimensions as described above and all the other
dimensions of the capillary type multi-jet nozzle remains the same as explained in the
previous figures. Notably, the angle between the adjacent pores on first circle from the
central pore is 90° 1202. Similarly the angle between the adjacent pores on the second
adjacent circle from the central pore is 45° 1204, and the angle between the adjacent
pores on the third concentric circle from the central pore is 22.5° 1206. The circular
diameter of the cap system 1100 is 7.5 mm 1208, and the distance between the center to
the starting point of the knurling pattern is 5.5 mm 1210.
[0037] There are no such comparable innovations exists for a cap and a crew type
capillary action based multi-nozzle for electrospinning, electro-jetting and electrospraying. The overall advantages have been enlisted below. The present invention also
provides a multi-jet electrospinning, electrojetting, or electrospray apparatus arranged to
form multiple jets pumped from the syringe. Syringe here means the syringe to be used
during electrospinning, electrojetting, or electrospray process. The capillary action based
multi-nozzle is able to maintain the high-throughput nanofibre, nano-droplet and nanoparticles fabrication using electrospinning, electrojetting and electrospraying respectively.
The number of pores can be customized from 2 to 39 or more based on the need,
customizable pores provides flexibility and ease of use.
[0038] The capillary action based multi-nozzle also provides small angles to grooves to
make non-interfering and non-hindering multiple jets formed and takes lesser time in
electrospinning, electrospraying and electrojetting. The capillary action based multinozzle makes the uniform nanofibre coating with almost monodispersed pores between
the nanofibres. The capillary action based multi-nozzle enables easy to clean system with
cap and crew system and may easily electrospray the high viscous fluids. The cleaning
would be easier because of the cap and crew model which will further minimize the
14
chances of stalling or slowing down the flow rate while electrospinning / electrospraying /
electrojetting. The capillary action based multi-nozzle enables the electrospinning process
faster with respect to time and with no loss of the fluid as wastage and high throughput
process. The capillary action based multi-nozzle includes a method of manufacturing
fibres, particles, or droplets, wherein the fibres. Fibres, particles, or droplets are formed
from the multiple jets from the invented capillary type multi-jet nozzle.
[0039] The person skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and
alterations may be made to the above described capillary type multi-jet nozzle and
electrospinning components and system without departing from the scope of the
appended claims. For example, different materials, dimensions and number of pores of
nozzle may be used. In addition, although the above described embodiments largely relate
to electrospining, these techniques and devices may also be used for electrospraying and
electrojetting.
[0040] In the above description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a
thorough understanding of embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize,
however that the embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific
details or with other methods, components, techniques, etc. In other instances, wellknown operations or structures are not shown or described in detail.
[0041] Although the processes illustrated and described herein include series of steps, it
will be appreciated that the different embodiments are not limited by the illustrated
ordering of steps, as some steps may occur in different orders, some concurrently with
other steps apart from that shown and described herein. In addition, not all illustrated
steps may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with the one or more
embodiments. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the processes may be implemented in
15
association with the apparatus and systems illustrated and described herein as well as in
association with other systems not illustrated.
[0042] The above descriptions and illustrations of embodiments, including what is
described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the one or more
embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and
examples for, the one or more embodiments are described herein for illustrative purposes,
various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope, as those skilled in the
relevant art will recognize. These modifications can be made in light of the above detailed
description. Rather, the scope is to be determined by the following claims, which are to be
interpreted in accordance with established doctrines of claim construction.

We Claim:
1. A capillary type multi-jet nozzle for fabricating high throughput nanofibre by
electrospinning technique, the capillary type multi-jet nozzle having a cap system with
one or more pores and a crew system with screw groove system, wherein the cap system
and the crew system are connected through a cap and crew system.
2. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein the one or more pores are
customizable in count.
3. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein an angle of the one or more
pores is a small angle to make non-interfering and non-hindering multijet in less time.
4. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein a Teflon gasket is used for
proper tightening and sealing of the cap and screw system.
5. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein the cap system includes
knurling at the outer surface for grip.
6. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein the capillary type multi-jet
nozzle is made of a conducting material to withstand high voltage.
7. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein an inner wall of the capillary
type multi-jet nozzle has a smooth surface for efficient flow of fluid.
8. The capillary type multi-jet nozzle of claim 1, wherein the capillary type multi-jet
nozzle is fabricated using micro-machining.

9. A capillary type multi-jet nozzle apparatus for fabricating high throughput nanofibre
by electrospinning technique, further comprising a cap system with one or more pores and
a crew system with screw groove system, wherein the cap system and the crew system are
connected through a cap and crew system.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more pores are customizable in count.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein an angle of the one or more pores is a small angle
to make non-interfering and non-hindering multijet in less time.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein an angle of the one or more pores is a small angle
to make non-interfering and non-hindering multijet in less time.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a Teflon gasket is used for proper tightening and
sealing of the cap and screw system.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the cap system includes knurling at the outer
surface for grip.
15. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising the capillary type multi-jet nozzle made
of a conducting material to withstand high voltage.
16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the capillary type multi-jet nozzle is fabricated
using micro-machining.
17. A method of capillary type multi-jet nozzle for fabricating high throughput nanofibre
by electrospinning technique, comprising a cap system with one or more pores and a crew
system with screw groove system, wherein the cap system and the crew system are
connected through a cap and crew system.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more pores are customizable in count.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein a Teflon gasket is used for proper tightening and
sealing of the cap and screw system.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the cap system includes knurling at the outer surface
for grip.