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Charging And Discharging Apparatus

Abstract: A charging and discharging apparatus where an input is connected to a power source comprises a switching circuit (44) that adjusts an output current (IB) to a power storage unit (60) connected to an output and a control unit (46) that produces an ON OFF signal (DGC) for the switching circuit (44). The control unit (46) has a temperature rise control unit (70) that on the basis of a signal (BTMP) corresponding to the temperature of the power storage unit (60) produces a separate control signal (FC) that adjusts the ripple component of the output current (IB) and a control signal (OFS) that adjusts the non ripple component of the output current (IB). In addition on the basis of the control signal (FC) and the control signal (OFS) the control unit (46) produces an ON OFF signal (DGC) and outputs the same to the switching circuit (44).

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Patent Information

Application #
Filing Date
22 July 2013
Publication Number
29/2014
Publication Type
INA
Invention Field
ELECTRICAL
Status
Email
patent@depenning.com
Parent Application

Applicants

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
7 3 Marunouchi 2 chome Chiyoda ku Tokyo 1008310

Inventors

1. KITANAKA Hidetoshi
c/o Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 7 3 Marunouchi 2 chome Chiyoda ku Tokyo 1008310
2. YOSHIOKA Shoji
c/o Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 7 3 Marunouchi 2 chome Chiyoda ku Tokyo 1008310
3. HATANAKA Keita
c/o Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 7 3 Marunouchi 2 chome Chiyoda ku Tokyo 1008310

Specification

DESCRIPTION CHARGING AND DISCHARGING DEVICE Field [0001] The present invention relates to a charging and discharging device that performs charging and discharging of a power storing unit including a power storage element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor. Background [0002] In general, the performance of a power storage element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor represented by a nickel hydrogen battery and a lithium ion battery is deteriorated as temperature falls because, for example, electric resistance in the power storage element increases. In an example of a certain power storage element, internal resistance under a condition of 0°C is about five times as large as internal resistance under a condition of 25°C. When the internal resistance increases, a loss due to charging and discharging currents increases and the efficiency of a system is deteriorated. Controllability is deteriorated because a voltage change, which is a product of the internal resistance and the charging and discharging currents, increases. When charging and discharging are performed with the same electric current, under a low temperature condition, it is likely that a voltage across the power storage element greatly fluctuates and exceeds an allowable upper limit voltage and a lower limit voltage of the power storage element and the charging and discharging device. In particular, when charging is performed under a low temperature condition lower than 0°C, substantial deterioration and damage of the power storage element are caused, the charging currents have to be suppressed or charging itself has to be stopped. [0003] In recent years, the development of a system in which a power storage element is mounted on an electric vehicle, regenerative energy during braking is stored in the power storage element, and the energy is reused during power running and acceleration has been underway. In such a system, the power storage element needs to secure sufficient performance under a low temperature environment. [0004] In general, devices of an electric vehicle are designed to be capable of performing normal operation at about minus 25°C. However, currently, there is no power storage element that can exhibit sufficient performance in such a low temperature environment. [0005] Therefore, as a method of securing the performance of the power storage element during low temperature, a configuration has also been examined in which, when the temperature of the power storage element is low, a switching frequency of a chopper circuit connected to the power storage element is reduced to increase a current ripple and heat the power storage element (Patent Literature 1). Citation List Patent Literature [0006] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-006073 Summary Technical Problem [0007] However, when the method of reducing the switching frequency to increase the ripple current and heat the power storage element is realized, there are mainly problems explained below. It is likely that a voltage ripple of the power storage element also increases according to the increase in the ripple current and the voltage of the power storage element exceeds an upper limit value or falls below a lower limit value to damage the power storage element. Because the magnitude of an output current of the chopper circuit increases by the increase in the ripple current, it is likely that the output current exceeds an allowable maximum current of a switching element included in the chopper circuit to damage the switching element. Noise from components of the chopper circuit increases according to the increase in the ripple current. Because the switching frequency needs to be changed, the frequency of electromagnetic noise from the components of the chopper circuit fluctuates to cause harsh noise. [0008] The present invention has been devised to solve the problems and it is an object of the present invention to obtain a charging and discharging device that can efficiently raise the temperature of a power storing unit including a power storage element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor. Solution to Problem [0009] In order to solve the aforementioned problems, a charging and discharging device according to one aspect of the present invention has been constructed in such a manner as to include: a switching circuit, an input of which is connected to a power supply, the switching circuit adjusting an output current to a power storing unit connected to an output of the switching circuit; and a control unit configured to generate an ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, wherein the control unit includes a temperature-rise control unit configured to separately generate, based on a signal equivalent to temperature of the power storing unit, a first control signal for adjusting a ripple component of the output current and a second control signal for adjusting a non-ripple component of the output current, the control unit generating the ON/OFF signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal and outputting the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit. Advantageous Effects of Invention [0010] According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to efficiently raise the temperature of a power storing unit including a power storage element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor. Brief Description of Drawings [0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a configuration example of a system including a charging and discharging device in a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a configuration example of the charging and discharging device in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram of a configuration example of a control unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example of characteristics of a carrier-frequency setting unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a relation between an output current IB and a signal IBPI in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of characteristics of a current-limiting-signal generating unit (1) in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a relation between the output current IB and signals IBP and IBN in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example of characteristics of a current-limiting-signal generating unit (2) in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a relation between an output voltage VB and signals VBP and VBN in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example of characteristics of a voltage-limiting-signal generating unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example of characteristics of an offset-signal generating unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram of a configuration example of a control unit in a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an output current waveform in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram of a configuration example of a system including a charging and discharging device in a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram of a configuration example of the charging and discharging device in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example of an internal resistance characteristic with respect to the temperature of a power storage element. Description of Embodiments [0012] Embodiments of a charging and discharging device according to the present invention are explained in detail below based on the drawings. The present invention is not limited by the embodiments. [0013] First Embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a configuration example of a system including a charging and discharging device 40 in a first embodiment of the present invention. An example in which the system including the charging and discharging device 40 is applied to an electric vehicle is shown. As shown in FIG. 1, electric power from a not-shown electric power substation is input to a positive-side input terminal PI of the charging and discharging device 40 from an overhead line 1 via a current collecting device 2. A negative-side current from the charging and discharging device 40 is fed through a negative-side input terminal Nl and connected to a rail 4 via a wheel 3 and returns to a negative side of the not-shown electric power substation. [0014] Direct-current output terminals P2 and N2 are provided in the charging and discharging device 40. A power storing unit 60 is connected to the direct-current output terminals P2 and N2. The power storing unit 60 is configured by connecting a plurality of power storage elements such as secondary batteries or electric double layer capacitors in parallel to obtain desired voltage and capacity. Because a specific configuration of the power storing unit 60 is publicly-known, detailed explanation of the configuration is omitted. [0015] The charging and discharging device 40 is a power converting device for adjusting a power flow between a power supply and the power storing unit 60 and charging or discharging the power storing unit 60. [0016] The electric vehicle assumed herein includes a motor and a motor driving device not shown in the figure. For example, during power running and acceleration, the motor is driven using electric power of the power storing unit 60 to drive the electric vehicle. During braking of the electric vehicle, regenerative power from the motor is charged in the power storing unit 60 to attain effective use of energy. [0017] The configuration of the charging and discharging device 40 is explained. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a configuration example of the charging and discharging device 40 in the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, electric power from the current collecting device 2 is input to the input terminals PI and Nl. A reactor 41 is connected to the positive-side input terminal Pi. A filter capacitor 42 is connected to the post stage of the reactor 41. An LC filter circuit including the reactor 41 and the filter capacitor 42 suppresses an outflow of a noise current caused by a switching operation of a switching element explained later to the overhead line 1 and smoothes a ripple component included in the voltage of the overhead line 1 (an overhead line voltage) to smooth the voltage across the filter capacitor 42. [0018] A switching circuit 44 is connected to both the ends of the filter capacitor 42. The switching circuit 44 includes switching elements 44H and 44L. The respective switching elements are subjected to ON/OFF control (switching control) by an ON/OFF signal DGC from the control unit 46. The switching circuit 44 is a so-called bidirectional step-down chopper circuit. The switching circuit 44 has a step-down function for stepping down the voltage of the filter capacitor 42 according to the switching control of the switching elements 44H and 44L and outputting the voltage and a current control function for adjusting an output current as desired. Because a circuit configuration and operation of the switching circuit 44 are publicly known, explanation of the circuit configuration and the operation is omitted. [0019] A current detector 47 configured to detect an output current IB and output the output current IB to the control unit 46, a smoothing reactor 45 configured to smooth an electric current, and a voltage detector 48 configured to detect a post-stage voltage of the smoothing reactor 45 (i.e., the voltage of the power storing unit 60) and output the post-stage voltage to the control unit 4 6 as an output voltage VB are provided in the output of the switching circuit 44. [0020] A signal IBR, which is a target value (a command value) of the output current IB, and a signal BTMP equivalent to the temperature of the inside of the power storing unit 60 are input to the charging and discharging device 40 from an external system. The control unit 46 generates the ON/OFF signal DGC to the switching circuit 44 based on these input signals. [0021] The configuration of the control unit 46 is explained. FIG. 3 is a diagram of a configuration example of the control unit 46 in the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 46 includes an adder-subtracter 71, a proportional integration controller 72, a PWM-pulse generating unit 73, a carrier-signal generating unit 74, and a temperature-rise control unit 70. [0022] The signal IBR, which is an output current target value, is input to the adder-subtracter 71. The signal IBR is a target value of an electric current for charging and discharging a predetermined electric current in and from the power storing unit 60 to, for example, extract, from the power storing unit 60, electric power necessary when the electric vehicle performs power run and charge, in the power storing unit 60, regenerative power generated when the electric vehicle brakes. [0023] The adder-subtracter 71 subtracts a signal IB, which is a detected value of the output current, from the signal IBR and further subtracts a signal (a second control signal) OFS, which is an output signal of the temperature-rise control unit 70, from the signal IBR to generate a signal DI. The temperature-rise control unit 70 is explained below. [0024] The signal DI is input to the proportional integration controller 72, and a signal VREF subjected to proportional integration processing therein is output. The signal VREF is input to the PWM-pulse generating unit 73. The PWM-pulse generating unit 73 performs comparison of the signal VREF and a carrier signal CAR. When VREF>CAR, the PWM-pulse generating unit 73 outputs the signal DGC for turning on the switching element 44H and turning off the switching element 44L. When VREFCAR, the PWM-pulse generating unit 73 outputs the signal DGC for turning on the switching element 44H and turning off the switching element 44L. When VREF it is indicated that the signal BTMP, i.e., the temperature of the power storing unit 60 is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value, a temperature rise of the power storing unit 60 is necessary. Therefore, the amplitude of a rectangular wave, which is the signal SWO, is increased) to be larger than usual. That is, when the signal BTMP is smaller than the predetermined value, the time-varying-component generating unit 719 generates the signal SWO for increasing the amplitude of the rectangular wave to be larger than the amplitude of the rectangular wave set when the signal BTMP is larger than the predetermined value. When the temperature of the power storing unit 60 is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, because the temperature rise of the power storing unit 60 is unnecessary, the amplitude of the rectangular wave, which is the signal SWO, is reduced or set to zero. [0078] Concerning a component configured to be capable of adjusting a non-rectangular wave component included in the output current IB based on the signal SOCL, the signal IBLl, the signal IBL, and the signal VBL, the configuration, the operation, and the effect of the component are the same as those of the component explained in the first embodiment. Detailed explanation of the component is possible by reading "ripple component" in the explanation of the first embodiment as "rectangular wave component". Therefore, repeated explanation of the component is omitted. [0079] Although similar to the configuration explained in the first embodiment, the temperature-rise control unit 70a can be configured to output the control signal SW1 for making it possible to suppress the magnitude of the rectangular wave component of the output current IB based on any one of the signal SOCL, the signal IBL, the signal VBL, and the signal IBLl under a predetermined condition explained below. [0080] Specifically, the temperature-rise control unit 70a can be configured to operate to reduce the magnitude of the rectangular wave component to be smaller when the signal SOC indicating the charging amount of the power storing unit 60 is larger than the predetermined value SOCH indicating high SOC than when the signal SOC is smaller than the predetermined value SOCH. Consequently, it is possible to prevent over charging of the power storage element of the power storing unit 60. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power storage element from being damaged. [0081] The temperature-rise control unit 70a can be configured to operate to reduce the magnitude of the rectangular wave component to be smaller when the signal SOC indicating the charging amount of the power storing unit 60 is smaller than the predetermined value SOCL indicating low SOC than when the signal SOC is larger than the predetermined value SOCL. Consequently, it is possible to prevent over discharging of the power storage element of the power storing unit 60. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power storage element from being damaged. [0082] The temperature-rise control unit 7 0a can be configured to adjust the magnitude of rectangular wave component to be capable of maintaining the polarity of the output current IB including the rectangular wave component to the side for discharging the power storing unit 60 when the signal BTMP equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit 60 is smaller than a predetermined value. Consequently, it is possible to prevent a charging current exceeding the allowed value under the low temperature environment from markedly reducing the life of the secondary battery and damaging the secondary battery. Further, it is possible to prevent an electric current in the charging direction from flowing under extremely low temperature. [0083] The temperature-rise control unit 70a can be configured to adjust (reduce) the rectangular wave component such that the magnitude of the output current IB including the rectangular wave component is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. Consequently, it is possible to prevent the magnitude of the power storage element of the power storing unit 60 from exceeding an upper limit value to damage the power storage element. Further, it is possible to prevent the magnitude of the output current IB from exceeding the allowable maximum current of the switching element of the switching circuit 44 included in the chopper circuit to damage the switching element. [0084] The temperature-rise control unit 70a can be configured to input the signal IBR, which is the target value of the output current, to the time-varying-component generating unit 719. The time-varying-component generating unit 719 can be configured to adjust the magnitude of the signal SW0, which is the rectangular wave component, based on the signal IBR. For example, when the magnitude of the signal IBR is not equal to or larger than a predetermined value predicted to be necessary for maintaining the temperature of the power storing unit 60 at temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the temperature-rise control unit 70a is caused to operate to increase the magnitude of the signal SWO, which is the rectangular wave component, and maintain the temperature of the power storing unit 60. When the magnitude of the signal IBR is equal to or larger than the predetermined value predicted to be necessary for maintaining the temperature of the power storing unit 60 at temperature equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the temperature-rise control unit 70a is caused to operate to reduce the magnitude of the signal SWO, which is the rectangular wave component, or set the magnitude to zero to prevent the temperature of the power storing unit 60 from excessively rising. Consequently, it is possible to generate, based on the signal IBR, which is the target value of the output current, the signal SWO, which is the rectangular wave component, predicted to be necessary for maintaining the temperature of the power storing unit 60. Therefore, it is possible to reduce chances of occurrence of noise involved in the signal SWO, which is the rectangular wave component, as much as possible and prevent the temperature of the power storing unit 60 from being excessively raised. [0085] As explained above, according to the configuration of the second embodiment, compared with the configuration for raising temperature using the ripple component explained in the first embodiment, because temperature is raised using the rectangular wave component, it is unnecessary to change the switching frequency of the switching circuit 44. Therefore, it is unlikely that the frequency of harmonic noise from the switching circuit 44 to the input side (the power supply side) fluctuates to cause a problem on the power supply side. Further, it is possible to prevent a change in a tone of electromagnetic noise from the smoothing reactor 45 and the like involved in a change in the switching frequency. Human ears feel time-varying electromagnetic noise extremely harsh. It is an advantage of the system in the second embodiment that harsh time-varying electromagnetic noise due to a temperature rise does not occur. [0086] In the configuration of the first embodiment, to increase the magnitude of the ripple component, it is necessary to reduce the switching frequency. However, there is a disadvantage that, when the switching frequency is reduced, a high control response is not secured and control performance is deteriorated. In the configuration for raising temperature using the rectangular wave component explained in the second embodiment, because it is unnecessary to reduce the switching frequency, the control performance is not deteriorated. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a temperature raising effect without deteriorating the control performance. [0087] When the magnitude of the ripple component is increased, there is a lower limit value of the switching frequency for preventing deterioration in the control performance. Therefore, there is a limit in possible magnitude of the ripple component. However, in the configuration for raising temperature using the rectangular wave component explained in the second embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to freely adjust the amplitude of the rectangular wave component by adjusting the magnitude of the signal SWO. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a great temperature raising effect without affecting the control performance compared with the configuration for using the ripple component. [0088] It is desirable to set a fluctuation period of the signal SWO, which is the rectangular wave component, in a range of 1 millisecond to 1 second. In particular, when the fluctuation period is increased, a charging and discharging current amount of the power storage element due to the rectangular wave component increases and causes deterioration of the power storage element. Therefore, it is preferable not to increase the fluctuation period. It is important to set the charging and discharging current amount of the power storage element due to the rectangular wave component to a sufficiently small value (equal to or smaller than 1% in terms of SOC fluctuation). [0089] When the charging and discharging device according to the present invention is mounted on an electric vehicle, the time-varying-component generating unit 719 can be configured to adjust the magnitude of the rectangular wave component based on input speed VEL of the electric vehicle. For example, the time-varying-component generating unit 719 is configured to reduce the magnitude of the rectangular wave component to be smaller than usual when the speed VEL is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value and increase the magnitude of the rectangular wave component to be larger than usual when the speed VEL is equal to or larger than the predetermined value. By configuring the time-varying-component generating unit 719 in this way, when the electric vehicle is standing or traveling at low speed, it is possible to reduce the magnitude of the rectangular wave component to reduce noise to be caused. [0090] In the second embodiment, the signal SWO is explained as being the rectangular wave component. This is because a rectangular wave is a waveform that is easily generated. Naturally, the signal SWO can be a time varying component such as a sine wave, a triangular wave, or a saw tooth wave other than the rectangular wave component. The effect explained in the second embodiment can also be obtained by such waveforms. However, the waveforms of the time varying component are generated according to current control by the switching circuit 44. Therefore^ the period of the waveform of the time varying component needs to be longer than the switching period of the switching circuit 44. Practically, it is desirable to set the period of the waveform to a period three or more times as large as the switching period. [0091] Third Embodiment. A third embodiment is explained. Explanation of components same as those in the first and second embodiments is omitted below. [0092] The third embodiment is different in that, as an example, a power storing unit 60a including a plurality of banks is connected to a charging and discharging device. [0093] FIG. 14 is a diagram of a configuration example of a system including a charging and discharging device 40a in the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14, as outputs of the charging and discharging device 40a, there are two systems, i.e., a system including P21 and N2 and a system including P22 and N2. The outputs are respectively connected to a bank (1) 601 and a bank (2) 602 of the power storing unit 60a. Power storage elements connected in series and parallel are respectively incorporated on the insides of the bank (1) 601 and the bank (2) 602. The other components are the same as those explained in the first embodiment. [0094] FIG. 15 is a diagram of a configuration example of the charging and discharging device 40a in the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, the post stage of the voltage detector 48 is divided into two systems. A P21 line is output via an opening and closing unit 401 and a P22 line is output via an opening and closing unit 402. Each of the opening and closing unit 401 and the opening and closing unit 402 are controlled to an ON state or an OFF state based on a signal SL, which is a selection control signal, output from the temperature-rise selecting unit 49. The other components are the same as those explained in the first embodiment. [0095] FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example of an internal resistance characteristic with respect to the temperature of the power storage element. As shown in FIG. 16, as a characteristic of the power storage element, there is the characteristic that internal resistance increases as temperature is lower as explained above. A rate of increase in the internal resistance increases as the temperature is lower. Therefore, when the power storing unit 60 includes a plurality of banks, if the temperatures of the banks fluctuate, a difference occurs in internal resistance of each of the banks. A rate of increase in the internal resistance is larger as the temperature of the power storage element is lower. Therefore, under low temperature, a difference among the internal resistances of the banks is large even if a difference among the temperatures of the banks is small (in several °C order). This point needs to be taken into account when the temperature rise control explained in the first and second embodiments is performed. [0096] More specifically, when electric currents are collectively fed to the banks and the temperature rise control is carried out in a state in which the banks are kept connected in parallel, the electric currents less easily flow to the banks on a relatively low temperature side because the internal resistances are large. The electric currents easily flow to the banks having relatively high temperature because the internal resistances are small. In this way, imbalance of the electric current for each of the banks occurs because of a slight temperature difference among the banks. That is, imbalance of an internal loss of each of the banks occurs. Consequently, inconvenience is caused because a temperature rise of the banks on the relative low temperature side, where necessity for raising the temperature is high, is small and a temperature rise of the banks on the relatively high temperature side is large. [0097] To eliminate such a phenomenon, the opening and closing units 401 and 402 are provided between the switching circuit 44 and the banks. The charging and discharging device 40a is configured to be capable of subjecting the opening and closing units 401 and 402 based on a control command SL from the temperature-rise selecting unit 49. As a control method, for a certain predetermined time, first, the opening and closing unit 401 is turned on and the opening and closing unit 402 is turned off to energize only the bank (1) 601. After the temperature of the bank (1) 601 reaches a predetermined temperature, for a certain predetermined time, the opening and closing unit 401 is turned off and the opening and closing unit 402 is turned on to energize only the bank (2) 602. Consequently, it is possible to separately adjust energizing currents to the banks. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the imbalance of the temperature rises of the banks. [0098] It is desirable to adopt a configuration explained below in common to the first, second, and third embodiments. [0099] The signal BTMP equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit 60 is desirably the temperature of a connection conductor that connects a plurality of power storage elements incorporated in the power storing unit 60. It is known that, in surface temperature of the power storage element, a time delay occurs with respect to an internal temperature change of the power storage element and a temperature gradient occurs. The connection conductor is connected to the inside of the power storage element by a conductor having a high heat transfer property. It is possible to accurately detect internal temperature of the power storage element without delay. Therefore, it is possible to accurately execute the temperature rise control. [0100] The signal BTMP equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit 60 is desirably a minimum value selected out of temperatures of connection conductors connecting the power storage elements incorporated in the power storing unit 60. The temperature less easily rises because internal resistance is larger and an electric current less easily flows in the power storage element having lower temperature. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently raise the temperature of the power storage element having lower temperature by carrying out the temperature rise control based on a minimum value among the temperatures of a plurality of connection conductors. [0101] Further, the temperature-rise control units 70 and 70a are desirably configured to generate, based on a switching signal from a not-shown outside, the signal FC, the signal OFS, and the signal SWl, which are control signals adjusted to be capable of forcibly raising the temperature of the power storing unit 60, and output the signals. Consequently, even in a state in which the temperature rise control is not automatically performed under an environment in which the temperature of the power storing unit 60 does not fall to low temperature such as summer, the temperature-rise control units 70 and 70a are useful because it is possible to check whether the temperature-rise control normally operates. [0102] The chopper circuit to which a direct current is input is explained as an example of the switching circuit 44. However, the switching circuit 44 can be other circuits. For example, the present invention can also be applied when the switching circuit 4 4 is a converter circuit to which an alternating current is input. That is, the configuration of the switching circuit 44 can be any configuration. [0103] The configurations explained in the embodiments indicate examples of the contents of the present invention. It goes without saying that the configurations can be combined with other publicly-known technologies and can be configured to be changed by, for example, omitting a part thereof without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Industrial Applicability [0104] As explained above, the present invention can be applied to the charging and discharging device that performs charging and discharging of the power storing unit including the power storage element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor and is, in particular, suitable as an invention for making it possible to efficiently raise the temperature of the power storing unit including the power storage elements. Reference Signs List [0105] 1 Overhead line 2 Current collecting device 3 Wheel 4 Rail 40, 40a Charging and discharging devices 401, 402 Opening and closing units 41 Reactor 42 Filter capacitor 44 Switching circuit 44H, 44L Switching elements 45 Smoothing reactor 4 6, 46a Control units 47 Current detector 48 Voltage detector 4 9 Temperature-rise selecting unit 60, 60a Power storing units 601, 602 Bank (1), Bank (2) 70, 70a Temperature-rise control units 71 Adder-subtracter 72 Proportional integration controller 73 PWM-pulse generating unit 74 Carrier-signal generating unit 701 Adder 702 Offset-signal generating unit 703 Current-maximum-value detecting unit 704 Current-limiting-signal generating unit (1) (First current-limiting-signal generating unit) 705 Current-maximum-value/minimum-value detecting unit 706 Current-limiting-signal generating unit (2) (Second current-limiting-signal generating unit) 707 Voltage-maximum-value/minimum-value detecting unit 708 Voltage-limiting-signal generating unit 709 Carrier-frequency setting unit 719 Time-varying-component generating unit BTMP Signal equivalent to temperature on the inside of a power storing unit CAR Carrier signal DGC ON/OFF signal IB Output current (Detection signal of an output current) IBR Signal, which is a target value (a command value) of an output current IBL Second current limiting signal IBLl First current limiting signal IBPH, VBPH Setting values (First setting values) IBPL, VBPL Setting values (Second setting values) FC Control signal (First control signal) OFS Control signal (Second control signal) SWl Control signal (Third control signal) SOCH Upper limit value of SOC (Predetermined value) SOCL Lower limit value of SOC (Predetermined value) SWO Rectangular wave signal (First control signal) T2 Predetermined temperature VB Output voltage (Detection signal of an output voltage) VBL Voltage limiting signal VEL Signal equivalent to speed VREF Signal subjected to proportional integration processing CLAIMS 1. A charging and discharging device comprising: a switching circuit, an input of which is connected to a power supply, the switching circuit adjusting an output current to a power storing unit connected to an output of the switching circuit; and a control unit configured to generate an ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, wherein the control unit includes a temperature-rise control unit configured to separately generate, based on a signal equivalent to temperature of the power storing unit, a first control signal for adjusting a ripple component of the output current and a second control signal for adjusting a non-ripple component of the output current, the control unit generating the ON/OFF signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal and outputting the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit. 2. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a carrier-frequency setting unit configured to generate the first control signal based on at least the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit. 3. The charging and discharging device according to claim 2, wherein the carrier-frequency setting unit generates the first control signal for increasing magnitude of the ripple component of the output current to be larger when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is smaller than a predetermined value than when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is larger than the predetermined value. 4. The charging and discharging device according to claim 2, wherein the carrier-frequency setting unit generates the first control signal for reducing a frequency of the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit to be smaller when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is smaller than a predetermined value than when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is larger than the predetermined value. 5. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes an offset-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a signal indicating a charging amount of the power storing unit, when the charging amount is larger than a predetermined value, an offset signal for offsetting a non-ripple component of the output current to a side for discharging the power storing unit. 6. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes an offset-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a signal indicating a charging amount of the power storing unit, when the charging amount is smaller than a predetermined value, an offset signal for offsetting a non-ripple component of the output current to a side for charging the power storing unit. 7. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a first current-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a detection signal of the output current, a first current limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-ripple component of the output current. 8. The charging and discharging device according to claim 7, wherein the first current-limiting-signal generating unit generates the first current limiting signal generated such that a signal indicating a maximum value of the output current does not exceed a predetermined setting value. 9. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a second current-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a maximum value and a minimum value including a ripple component of a detection signal of the output current, a second current limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-ripple component of the output current. 10. The charging and discharging device according to claim 9, wherein the second current-limiting-signal generating unit increases the second current limiting signal according to a signal indicating the maximum value when the signal indicating the maximum value is equal to or larger than a first setting value and reduces the second current limiting signal according to a signal indicating the minimum value when the signal indicating the minimum value is equal to or smaller than a second setting value smaller than the first setting value. 11. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a voltage-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a maximum value and a minimum value including a ripple component of a detection signal of the output voltage, a voltage limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-ripple component of the output current. 12. The charging and discharging device according to claim 11, wherein the voltage-limiting-signal generating unit increases the voltage limiting signal according to a signal indicating the maximum value when the signal indicating the maximum value is equal to or larger than a first setting value and reduces the voltage limiting signal according to a signal indicating the minimum value when the signal indicating the minimum value is equal to or smaller than a second setting value smaller than the first setting value. 13. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit generates, when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is smaller than a predetermined value, the first control signal for maintaining polarity of the output current including the ripple component on a side for discharging the power storing unit. 14. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit generates the first control signal and the second control signal for adjusting the non-ripple component of the output current and reducing magnitude of the output current including the ripple component to be equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. 15. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit adjusts magnitude of the ripple component based on a command value of the output current. 16. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is temperature of a connection conductor for connecting a plurality of the power storage elements incorporated in the power storing unit. 17. The charging and discharging device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-rise control unit forcibly outputs the first control signal or the second control signal based on a switching signal from an outside. 18. A charging and discharging device comprising: a switching circuit, an input of which is connected to a power supply, the switching circuit adjusting an output current to a power storing unit connected to an output of the switching circuit; and a control unit configured to generate an ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, wherein the control unit includes a temperature-rise control unit configured to separately generate, based on a signal equivalent to temperature of the power storing unit, a first control signal for adjusting a time varying component of the output current and a second control signal for adjusting a non-time varying component of the output current, the control unit generating the ON/OFF signal based on the first control signal and the second control signal and outputting the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit. 19. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a time-varying-component generating unit configured to generate the first control signal based on at least the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit. 20. The charging and discharging device according to claim 19, wherein the time-varying-component generating unit generates the first control signal for increasing magnitude of the time varying component of the output current to be larger when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is smaller than a predetermined value than when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is larger than the predetermined value. 21. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes an offset-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a signal indicating a charging amount of the power storing unit, when the charging amount is larger than a predetermined value, an offset signal for offsetting a non-time varying component of the output current to a side for discharging the power storing unit. 22. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes an offset-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a signal indicating a charging amount of the power storing unit, when the charging amount is smaller than a predetermined value, an offset signal for offsetting a non-time varying component of the output current to a side for charging the power storing unit. 23. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a first current-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a detection signal of the output current, a first current limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-time varying component of the output current. 24. The charging and discharging device according to claim 23, wherein the first current-limiting-signal generating unit generates the first current limiting signal generated such that a signal indicating a maximum value of the output current does not exceed a predetermined setting value. 25. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a second current-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a maximum value and a minimum value including a time varying component of a detection signal of the output current, a second current limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-time varying component of the output current. 26. The charging and discharging device according to claim 25, wherein the second current-limiting-signal generating unit increases the second current limiting signal according to a signal indicating the maximum value when the signal indicating the maximum value is equal to or larger than a first setting value and reduces the second current limiting signal according to a signal indicating the minimum value when the signal indicating the minimum value is equal to or smaller than a second setting value smaller than the first setting value. 27. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit includes a voltage-limiting-signal generating unit configured to generate, based on a maximum value and a minimum value including a time varying component of a detection signal of the output voltage, a voltage limiting signal for adjusting magnitude of the non-time varying component of the output current. 28. The charging and discharging device according to claim 27, wherein the voltage-limiting-signal generating unit increases the voltage limiting signal according to a signal indicating the maximum value when the signal indicating the maximum value is equal to or larger than a first setting value and reduces the voltage limiting signal according to a signal indicating the minimum value when the signal indicating the minimum value is equal to or smaller than a second setting value smaller than the first setting value. 29. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit generates, when the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is smaller than a predetermined value, the first control signal for maintaining polarity of the output current including the time varying component on a side for discharging the power storing unit. 30. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit generates the first control signal and the second control signal for adjusting the non-time varying component of the output current and reducing magnitude of the output current including the time varying component to be equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. 31. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit adjusts magnitude of the time varying component based on a command value of the output current. 32. The charging and discharging device according to claim 18, wherein the temperature-rise control unit forcibly outputs the first control signal or the second control signal based on a switching signal from an outside. 33. A charging and discharging device mounted on an electric vehicle, the charging and discharging device comprising: a switching circuit, an input of which is connected to a power supply, the switching circuit adjusting an output current to a power storing unit connected to an output of the switching circuit; and a control unit configured to generate an ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, wherein the control unit includes a temperature-rise control unit configured to generate, based on a signal equivalent to temperature of the power storing unit and a signal equivalent to speed of the electric vehicle, a control signal for adjusting a ripple component of the output current or a control signal for adjusting a time varying component of the output current, the control unit generating the ON/OFF signal based on the control signal and outputting the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit. 34. The charging and discharging device according to claim 33, wherein, when the signal equivalent to the speed is equal to or higher than predetermined speed, the temperature-rise control unit generates the control signal for reducing a frequency of the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit. 35. The charging and discharging device according to claim 33, wherein the temperature-rise control unit forcibly outputs the control signal based on a switching signal from an outside. 36. A charging and discharging device comprising: a switching circuit, an input of which is connected to a power supply, the switching circuit adjusting an output current to a power storing unit connected to an output of the switching circuit; and a control unit configured to generate an ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, the control unit including a temperature^rise control unit configured to output, based on a signal equivalent to temperature of the power storing unit, a control signal for controlling the temperature of the power storing unit, and the control unit generating the ON/OFF signal based on the control signal and outputting the ON/OFF signal to the switching circuit, wherein the power storing unit includes a plurality of banks formed by combining an arbitrary plurality of the power storage elements, opening and closing units capable of connecting and disconnecting the switching circuit are set between the respective banks and the switching circuit, and the control unit includes a temperature-rise selecting unit configured to output, to the opening and closing units, a selection control signal for connecting a predetermined one of the banks to the switching circuit and enabling temperature-rise control. 37. The charging and discharging device according to claim 36, wherein the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is temperature of a connection conductor for connecting a plurality of the power storage elements incorporated in the power storing unit. 38. The charging and discharging device according to claim 36, wherein the signal equivalent to the temperature of the power storing unit is a signal of a lowest temperature among temperatures of a plurality of connection conductors for connecting a plurality of the power storage elements incorporated in the power storing unit. 39. The charging and discharging device according to claim 36, wherein the temperature-rise control unit forcibly outputs the control signal based on a switching signal from an outside.

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