Claims:
1. A circuit breaker for breaking an electrical circuit during short-circuit or overload condition, said circuit breaker comprising:
a moving contact that interacts with a fixed contact;
a trip lever that interacts with a latch;
a knob that manually operates the moving contact; and
a plurality of mechanism linkages that transmit operating force from the knob to the moving contact;
wherein repulsion of the moving contact from the fixed contact causes the electrical circuit to break; and
wherein disengagement of the trip lever from the latch causes the electrical circuit to break.
2. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein, during short circuit fault, the moving contact rotates anti-clockwise due to electrodynamic repulsion force generated by current flowing through the fixed and moving contacts.
3. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moving contact transmits anti-clockwise rotation to trip lever, causing it to disengage from the latch.
4. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 2, wherein tripping operation of the circuit breaker is independent of trip command from short circuit release or electromagnetic release.
5. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 4, wherein impact force from the electromagnetic release is not required to initiate the tripping operation.
6. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 4, wherein the tripping response time is independent of response time of electromagnetic release or short-circuit release.
7. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the knob rotates around a knob pivot at a pre-defined angle so as to operate the mechanism that opens or closes the circuit.
8. The circuit breaker as claimed in claim 7, wherein during ‘ON’ operation, operating force is transferred through the knob to the moving contact, causing the moving contact to rotate in clockwise direction.
, Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of circuit breakers. In particular, the present invention relates to a circuit breaker with increased short circuit performance due reduced response time and independence of tripping operation to trip command from short-circuit or electromagnetic release.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Circuit breakers are mechanical switching devices capable of carrying and breaking current circuits. Under normal circuit conditions, circuit breakers carry currents and when there is an abnormal circuit condition, circuit breakers are employed to break the circuit as well.
[0004] During adverse conditions like short circuit, the current rises to a high level. This current may damage elements in the electrical system. Circuit breakers are, in particular, used to protect the electrical elements from damage during adverse conditions. During these conditions, the circuit is opened to protect the system.
[0005] During an adverse event, a trip command is given to the mechanism, for it to open the circuit. This tripping of mechanism happens when a force greater than the trip force is applied on trip plate of the operating mechanism.
[0006] Circuit breaker protection releases are calibrated for different tripping current thresholds, such as 5In (5 times of the rated current), 10In or 20In. In such cases the response time of the short-circuit release increases with increase in tripping current threshold. In other words, the short-circuit fault clearing time of circuit breaker having 20In short-circuit release setting will be higher than a circuit breaker having 5In short-circuit release setting.
[0007] It is, therefore, important that short-circuit tripping mechanism should become independent of short-circuit release performance. In other words, during short-circuit fault, mechanism tripping time should remain same for all short-circuit releases irrespective of tripping current threshold of short-circuit release.
[0008] In the circuit breaker with automatic tripping feature, as described in United States patent 5103198, the overpressure developed within a circuit breaker arc chamber, upon contact separation in one pole drives a piston against an operating mechanism trip bar to actuate contact separation in the remaining circuit breaker poles.
[0009] In the circuit breaker described in United States patent 6281458, a pressure sensitive trip mechanism is used to actuate circuit breaker operating mechanism in the event of short-circuit fault. This pressure sensitive trip mechanism consists of trip lever and trip bar. The trip lever is rotatable about a first pivot. The trip bar is positioned proximate the trip lever. The trip bar is arranged to rotate about a second pivot in response to a predetermined level of pressurized gas created by separation of the pair of electrical contacts, thereby urging the trip lever to unlatch the circuit breaker operating mechanism.
[0010] However, the circuit breakers of the prior art described above have limitations in their performance. It is seen that the overpressure generated during short-circuit mainly depends upon the fault level and the system voltage. For lower order faults the pressure generated will be low and inadequate to actuate the tripping mechanism of the circuit breaker. Additionally, the gas leakage in arcing chamber will adversely affect the response time for automatic tripping operation of the circuit breaker.
[0011] There is, therefore, a requirement in the art for a circuit breaker that is reliable and shows a fast response time, irrespective of the current load at which it operates.
[0012] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[0013] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0014] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0015] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0016] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0017] A general object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker with reduced response time.
[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker with automatic tripping capability.
[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker that is independent of issuance of trip command by short-circuit release or electromagnetic release.
[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker that does not require an impact force on the trip lever actuator for tripping operation during short-circuit conditions.
[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker that is compactand causes quick tripping during short-circuit condition.
[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker that does not require additional contact components for automatic tripping during short-circuit.
[0023] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a circuit breaker that operates by electrodynamic repulsion between the contacts.

SUMMARY
[0024] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of circuit breakers. In particular, the present invention relates to a circuit breaker with increased short circuit performance due reduced response time and independence of tripping operation to trip command from short-circuit or electromagnetic release.
[0025] The present invention discloses a circuit breaker for breaking an electrical circuit during an abnormal event such as short-circuit or current overload. The circuit breaker comprises a fixed contact, a moving contact, a trip lever, a latch, a knob and other mechanism linkages. In an aspect of the invention, during a short-circuit event, tripping operating is concluded when the moving contact moves away from the fixed contact.
[0026] In an aspect of the present invention, during a short-circuit, the short-circuit release or the electromagnetic release senses the fault and initiates a trip operation by issuing a trip command. This results in linear displacement of electromagnetic release plunger, which applies impact force onthe trip lever actuator-1 causing it to apply an anti-clockwise torque on the moving contact. The moving contact separates from the fixed contact, thereby breaking the electrical circuit. The trip force directly affects the response time of the trip operation. For a higher velocity of trip impact, a higher magneto motive force (mmf) is required and, for which, an increased wounding of coils on the fixed and moving cores in necessitated.
[0027] In another aspect of the present invention, the response time of the tripping operation also depends on the time lag between sensing of the fault and the issuance of trip command. It also depends on the time lag between issuance of the trip command and initiation of the trip operation. As mechanisms are involved for the above processes, a time lag is inevitable, owing to mechanical inertia. This directly impacts the performance of the circuit breaker during short-circuits.
[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, during faulty condition of a circuit, an electrodynamic repulsion is created due to currents flowing in the fixed contact and moving contact. This causes the moving contact to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction and move away from the fixed contact, thus breaking the electrical circuit.
[0029] In another embodiment of the present invention, the tripping operation or the disengagement of the trip lever from the latch is caused by the electrodynamic repulsion of the moving contact from the fixed contact and is independent of trip command coming from the short-circuit release.
[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the repulsion between the fixed contact and moving contact is initiated faster than the actuation of the short circuit release. In other words, the response time to initiate tripping operation does not suffer from time lag associated with a trip command, and this ensures a better and faster short-circuit performance of the circuit breaker.
[0031] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0032] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure, and wherein:
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates front view of the circuit breaker, in “OFF” condition.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates front view of the circuit breaker, in “ON” condition.
[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates isometric view of the moving contact.
[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates isometric view of the trip lever.
[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates an intermediate position of the moving contact, during repulsion, where trip lever is firmly engaged with latch.
[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates another intermediate position of the moving contact, during repulsion, where trip lever and latch are disengaged completely.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0040] If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0041] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0042] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. These exemplary embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes and so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. The invention disclosed may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Various modifications will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, all statements herein reciting embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future (i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure). Also, the terminology and phraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments and should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is to be accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles and features disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating to technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
[0043] Each of the appended claims defines a separate invention, which for infringement purposes is recognized as including equivalents to the various elements or limitations specified in the claims. Depending on the context, all references below to the "invention" may in some cases refer to certain specific embodiments only. In other cases, it will be recognized that references to the "invention" will refer to subject matter recited in one or more, but not necessarily all, of the claims.
[0044] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0045] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0046] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of circuit breakers. In particular, the present invention relates to a circuit breaker with increased short circuit performance due reduced response time and independence of tripping operation to trip command from short-circuit or electromagnetic release.
[0047] The present invention discloses a circuit breaker for breaking an electrical circuit during an abnormal event such as short-circuit or current overload. The circuit breaker comprises a fixed contact, a moving contact, a trip lever, a latch, a knob and other mechanism linkages. In an aspect of the invention, during a short-circuit event, tripping operating is concluded when the moving contact moves away from the fixed contact.
[0048] In an aspect of the present invention, during a short-circuit, the short-circuit release or the electromagnetic release senses the fault and initiates a trip operation by issuing a trip command. This results in alinear displacement of electromagnetic release plunger which applies impact force on thetrip lever actuator-1 causing it to apply an anti-clockwise torque on the moving contact. The moving contact separates from the fixed contact, thereby breaking the electrical circuit. The trip force directly affects the response time of the trip operation. For a higher velocity of trip impact, a higher magneto motive force (mmf) is required and, for which, an increased wounding of coils on the fixed and moving cores in necessitated.
[0049] In another aspect of the present invention, the response time of the tripping operation also depends on the time lag between sensing of the fault and the issuance of trip command. It also depends on the time lag between issuance of the trip command and initiation of the trip operation. As mechanisms are involved for the above processes, a time lag is inevitable, owing to mechanical inertia. This directly impacts the performance of the circuit breaker during short-circuits.
[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, during faulty condition of a circuit, an electrodynamic repulsion is created due to currents flowing in the fixed contact and moving contact. This causes the moving contact to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction and move away from the fixed contact, thus breaking the electrical circuit.
[0051] In another embodiment of the present invention, the tripping operation or the disengagement of the trip lever from the latch is caused by the electrodynamic repulsion of the moving contact from the fixed contact and is independent of trip command coming from the short-circuit release.
[0052] In another embodiment of the present invention, the repulsion between the fixed contact and moving contact is initiated faster than the actuation of the short circuit release. In other words, the response time to initiate tripping operation does not suffer from time lag associated with a trip command, and this ensures a better and faster short-circuit performance of the circuit breaker.
[0053] One or more of the components, steps, and/or functions illustrated in the Figures may be rearranged and/or combined into a single component, step, or function or embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and/or functions may also be added without departing from the invention. The novel algorithms described herein may be efficiently implemented in software and/or embedded hardware.
[0054] In an aspect of the present invention, during an abnormal condition of the electrical circuit such as short-circuit or current overload, the short-circuit release and electromagnetic release apply impact force at the trip lever actuator-1 (7). This causes application of an anti-clockwise torque on the trip lever (6) and results in its disengagement from the latch (9). This results in the anti-clockwise motion of the moving contact (1) and the subsequent breaking of the circuit (“OFF” condition).
[0055] In another aspect of the present invention, in order reduce the tripping operation, a higher contact opening velocity is required, and this is achieved by the electromagnetic release generating impact force using the hammering effect. For the hammering effect to be generated, the distance between the fixed and moving cores of the electromagnetic release needs to be kept high.
[0056] In another aspect of the present invention, a high magneto motive force (mmf) is needed to generate a high impact force, which is achieved by increasing the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil of the fixed and moving cores of the electromagnetic release. Further, the travel of the electromagnetic release plunger is kept higher than the required trip travel to generate the higher impact force.
[0057] FIG. 1 illustrates front view of the circuit breaker, when it is in the OFF condition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The moving and fixed contacts are designed to carry a specific current, based on their current rating, for a near infinite period of time. However, in the event of an abnormal condition in the electrical circuit such as a short-circuit of a current overload, the current in the circuit reached a very high level and threatens the safety of the electrical elements or components of the circuit. It is, therefore, imperative that the circuit be broken to protect the electrical elements or components.
[0058] In an embodiment of the present invention, during faulty condition of a circuit, an electrodynamic repulsion is created due to currents flowing in the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1). This causes the moving contact (1) to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction and move away from the fixed contact (3).
[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, the repulsion between the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1) is initiated faster than the actuation of the short circuit release.
[0060] In another embodiment of the present invention, the repulsion between the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1) and the subsequent disengagement of the two causes interference between trip lever actuator-2 (8) and moving contact protrusion (2). The moving contact protrusion (2) causes an anti-clockwise torque to be applied to the trip lever actuator-2 (8), resulting in the anti-clockwise rotation of trip lever (6). This results in disengagement of trip lever (6) from latch (9), thus causing the tripping operation of the circuit breaker.
[0061] In another embodiment of the present invention, the tripping operation or the disengagement of the trip lever (6) from the latch (9) is caused by the electrodynamic repulsion of the moving contact (1) from the fixed contact (3) and is independent of trip command coming from the short-circuit release. A further implication is that a high impact force to trip lever actuator-1 (7) to initiate the disengagement of trip lever (6) from latch (9) is not required. This allows for reduction in the distance between the fixed and moving cores of the electromagnetic release to be reduced and optimized to meet the required trip travel. The magneto motive force (mmf) can also be brought down, thereby reducing the number of turns of the coils of the fixed and moving cores.
[0062] FIG. 2 illustrates front view of the circuit breaker, when it is in the ON condition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The moving contact (1) is operated, manually or automatically, by a knob (4). Knob (4) rotates around a knob pivot at a pre-defined angle to operate mechanism to open or close the circuit. The operating force applied at knob (4) is transferred to moving contact (1) through a chain of mechanical linkages. During the ON operation, moving contact (1), C-link (5), trip lever (6) and latch (9) rotate in clockwise direction, thereby closing the circuit.
[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates an isometric view of the moving contact (1). In an embodiment of the present invention, during faulty condition of a circuit, an electrodynamic repulsion is created due to currents flowing in the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1). This causes the moving contact (1) to rotate in an anti-clockwise direction and move away from the fixed contact (3). This repulsion causes interference between trip lever actuator-2 (8) and moving contact protrusion (2). The moving contact protrusion (2) causes an anti-clockwise torque to be applied to the trip lever actuator-2 (8), resulting in the anti-clockwise rotation of trip lever (6). This results in disengagement of trip lever (6) from latch (9), thus causing the tripping operation of the circuit breaker.
[0064] FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric view of the trip lever (6). In an aspect of the present invention, during an abnormal condition of the electrical circuit, the short-circuit release and electromagnetic release apply impact force at the trip lever actuator-1 (7). This causes application of an anti-clockwise torque on the trip lever (6) and results in its disengagement from the latch (9). This results in the anti-clockwise motion of the moving contact (1) and the subsequent breaking of the circuit (“OFF” condition).
[0065] In another embodiment of the present invention, the repulsion between the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1) due to flow of current through the fixed contact (3) and the moving contact (1) causes interference between trip lever actuator-2 (8) and moving contact protrusion (2). The moving contact protrusion (2) causes an anti-clockwise torque to be applied to the trip lever actuator-2 (8), resulting in the anti-clockwise rotation of trip lever (6). This results in disengagement of trip lever (6) from latch (9), thus causing the tripping operation of the circuit breaker.
[0066] FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate front views of the circuit breaker in intermediate stages during repulsion between the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1).
[0067] In an aspect of the present invention, in the event of abnormal condition of a circuit, the electromagnetic release senses a fault and issues a trip command to initiate breaking of the circuit. On receipt of the trip command, mechanism is initiated resulting in the disengagement of trip lever (6) from the latch (9) and breaking of the circuit. The speed or response time of the trip depends on the response time of the electromagnetic release and the mechanism linkages.
[0068] In another aspect of the present invention, there is a time lag in response of the electromagnetic release and mechanism linkages due to their own mechanical inertia. Any time lag in the issuance of the trip command and the actuation of the trip operation directly affects the short-circuit performance of the circuit breaker.
[0069] In another embodiment of the present invention, the disengagement of the trip lever (6) from the latch (9) does not depend on the electromagnetic release and the tripping mechanism is initiated solely based on the electrodynamic repulsion between the fixed contact (3) and moving contact (1). In other words, the response time to initiate tripping operation does not suffer from time lag associated with a trip command, and this ensures a better and faster short-circuit performance of the circuit breaker.
[0070] Without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention, any variations and modifications to the embodiments should be within the apprehension of those with ordinary knowledge and skills in the art, and therefore fall in the scope of the present invention which is defined by the accompanied claims. Though the present invention has been described on the basis of some preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should appreciate that those embodiments should by no means limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention, any variations and modifications to the embodiments should be within the apprehension of those with ordinary knowledge and skills in the art, and therefore fall in the scope of the present invention which is defined by the accompanied claims.
[0071] The present invention provides a circuit breaker with reduced response tripping time that is susceptible of modifications or variations all within the scope of the inventive concept as defined by the appended claims; any details may be replaced with technically equivalent elements. One or more of the elements above described may be differently shaped and/or positioned, can be differently coupled or positioned, etcetera. The materials, so long as they are compatible with the specific use, as well as the individual components, may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
[0072] Only certain features of the invention have been specifically illustrated and described herein, and many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is not restricted by the preferred embodiment described herein in the description. It is to be noted that the invention is explained by way of exemplary embodiment and is neither exhaustive nor limiting. Certain aspects of the invention that not been elaborated herein in the description are well understood by one skilled in the art. Also, the terms relating to singular form used herein in the description also include its plurality and vice versa, wherever applicable. Any relevant modification or variation, which is not described specifically in the specification are in fact to be construed of being well within the scope of the invention. The appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes which fall within the spirit of the invention.
[0073] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
[0074] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C ….and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the scope of the appended claims.
[0075] While embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, it will be clear that the disclosure is not limited to these embodiments only. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, as described in the claims.
[0076] In the description of the present specification, reference to the term "one embodiment," "an embodiments", "an example", "an instance", or "some examples" and the description is meant in connection with the embodiment or example described,the particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic included in the present invention, at least one embodiment or example. In the present specification, the term of the above schematic representation is not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features structures, materials, or characteristics described in any one or more embodiments or examples in proper manner. Moreover, those skilled in the art can be described in the specification of different embodiments or examples are joined and combinations thereof.
[0077] All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
[0078] Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
[0079] The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
[0080] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0081] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker with reduced response time.
[0082] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker with automatic tripping capability.
[0083] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker that is independent of issuance of trip command by short-circuit release or electromagnetic release.
[0084] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker that does not require hammering effect on the trip lever actuator for tripping, during short-circuit condition.
[0085] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker that is compact.
[0086] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker that does not require additional contact components for automatic tripping during short-circuit condition.
[0087] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker that operates by electrodynamic repulsion between the contacts.