TITLE OF INVENTION
[0001] Clutched Super Turbo Control Strategy.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present invention relates to vehicle engine charging systems, and
more particularly, to such systems of the type including both a mechanically-
driven supercharger (such as a Roots type blower), and an exhaust gas-driven
turbocharger. Vehicle engine charging systems of this type are sometimes
referred to, for simplicity, by the term "superturbo".
[0003] As is well known to those skilled in the art of vehicle engine boosting,
there are two primary types of boosting devices typically used to boost the air
pressure in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines. The first
is typically referred to as a "supercharger" (although that term is sometimes
used generically for all boosting devices), and for purposes of the present
specification, the term "supercharger" will be understood to mean and include a
mechanically-driven charging (air pumping) device, i.e., the supercharger is
driven at a speed which is normally proportional to engine speed. The second
type of boosting device is an exhaust gas-driven turbocharger, i.e., a device
including an exhaust gas-driven turbine which, in turn, drives a pump
(compressor). Therefore, a turbocharger is driven at a speed generally
proportional to the flow of exhaust gas from the engine exhaust manifold.
[0004] The typical mechanically-driven supercharger comprises a positive-
displacement pumping device, such as the Roots-type blower, sold
commercially by the assignee of the present invention. A Roots-blower
supercharger is typically driven, off of the engine crankshaft, by a pulley and
belt arrangement. In recent years, it has become more common for those
skilled in the supercharger art to interpose a clutch between the engine
crankshaft and the input shaft of the Roots blower to reduce noise, vibration and
harshness (NVH) and avoid overspeeding the supercharger.

[0005] As is also well known to those skilled in the engine supercharger art, it
is typical for the Roots-type blower to be provided with a "bypass" passage from
the Roots blower outlet, permitting air flow back to the inlet. Within the bypass
passage, there is normally disposed some sort of bypass valve, such as a
butterfly-type plate valve, operable to move between a closed condition
(blocking bypass flow back to the inlet), and an open condition (allowing blower
outlet air to flow freely back to the inlet. As is further well known, having the
bypass valve in the open condition effectively "unloads" the Roots blower,
allowing a certain amount of the air from the outlet to re-circulate back to the
inlet, thus reducing the boost pressure of air flowing to the intake manifold, as
well as the amount of engine horsepower consumed by the blower, although still
requiring more input horsepower than if the clutch were disengaged.
[0006] In the typical "superturbo" boosting system, including both the
supercharger and the turbocharger, the system would normally be arranged with
the supercharger disposed "upstream", and the turbocharger disposed
"downstream", i.e., in terms of air flow direction from the intake, past the throttle,
and into the combustion chamber. In such a superturbo system, boost is
provided primarily by the supercharger at relatively low engine speeds, when
there is not yet sufficient flow of exhaust gas to drive the turbocharger. Then,
as engine speed increases (medium engine speeds), and as there is sufficient
flow of exhaust gas to drive the turbocharger, both the supercharger and the
turbocharger, together, provide boost to the engine.
[0007] As the assignee of the present invention has been engaged in
development of a superturbo system, several observations have been made.
First, the general functionality of the known arrangement of superturbo systems
is generally acceptable, in terms of achieving boost using the supercharger
when that makes sense, and achieving boost using the turbocharger when that
makes sense, i.e., matching engine need to capability of each type of boosting
device. Second, it has been observed that supercharger engagement can be
objectionably harsh due to the sudden and large change in speed of the

supercharger (high angular acceleration) as the supercharger clutch is engaged,
especially at the lower end of the load range and the higher end of the speed
range where the supercharger is operational. Furthermore, when the
supercharger clutch is disengaged (e.g., at engine speeds above about 3,500
rpm or below 3,500 rpm when the demanded load is low enough to be covered
solely by the turbocharger), and then engine speed drops, and thereafter it is
desired to again operate the supercharger, the re-engagement of the
supercharger clutch (for example, with the supercharger input stationary, and
the clutch turning 2,500 rpm) would typically occur in a sudden manner likely to
result, over time, in reduced durability of the clutch, and observed to cause an
undesirable NVH condition.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved method of controlling an internal combustion engine boosting system
of the type including both a mechanically-driven supercharger and an exhaust
gas-driven turbocharger (superturbo), which overcomes the above-described
disadvantages of the prior art.
[0009] It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide such an
improved method of controlling an internal combustion engine superturbo
boosting system which has the ability to substantially reduce the speed
differential between the supercharger clutch and the input to the supercharger,
at the time of clutch engagement, thus reducing the undesirable results of
sudden clutch engagement.
[0010] It is an even more specific object of the present invention to provide
such an improved method of controlling an internal combustion engine
superturbo boosting system, which achieves the above-stated objects without
the need for additional complex and expensive structure, or complex control
schemes.
[0011] It is another, but related object of the present invention to provide

such an improved method of controlling an internal combustion engine
superturbo boosting system in which the engagement of the supercharger
clutch is not readily apparent to the vehicle driver or occupants.
[0012] The above and other objects of the invention are accomplished by the
provision of an improved method of controlling an internal combustion engine
boosting system of the type comprising an exhaust-driven turbocharger, and a
mechanically-driven supercharger in series with the turbocharger and upstream
therefrom. The supercharger has rotors and a clutch, operable in a first
condition to transmit torque from a source of mechanical drive to an input of the
supercharger, in response to a positive input signal, and operable in a second
condition to interrupt the transmission of torque from the source to the input of
the supercharger. The supercharger has an inlet, an outlet and a bypass
passage providing fluid communication between the inlet and the outlet, and a
bypass valve disposed within the bypass passage and operable between an
open position permitting flow through the bypass passage, and a closed position
blocking flow through the bypass passage.
[0013] The improved method of controlling the boosting system is
characterized by sensing the input signal for the presence of a positive input
signal to the clutch indicating possible operation of the clutch in the first
condition. The method also includes commanding the bypass valve toward the
closed position, forcing air through the supercharger from the inlet through the
outlet and thereafter, downstream through the turbocharger. The air flowing
through the supercharger causes the supercharger rotors to rotate, thus rotating
the input of the supercharger prior to the clutch operating in the first condition.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle internal combustion engine,
including a superturbo boosting system of the type to which the present
invention relates, illustrated in a low-speed operating mode, with the
supercharger clutch engaged.

[0015] FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view, similar to FIG. 1,
but with the clutch disengaged, and the bypass valve open.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a logic block diagram setting forth the improved method of
controlling the superturbo boosting system, in accordance with the present
invention.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a graph of Bypass Valve Position, in terms of % Open, as a
function of Time, illustrating one aspect of the improved method of control of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0018] Referring now to the drawings, which are not intended to limit the
invention, FIG. 1 illustrates a vehicle internal combustion engine, including a
"superturbo" boosting system, as that term has been generally defined, and as
will be described in greater detail subsequently. Included is a conventional
vehicle engine, generally designated E, and represented herein, for simplicity,
by a single cylinder-piston combination. Charge air, to be fed into the
combustion chamber of the engine E, enters through an intake 11 (see arrow),
then flows through an air filter 13, and then flows to a supercharger, generally
designated 15, through an air duct 17 which communicates the incoming air into
an inlet 19 of the supercharger.
[0019] The supercharger 15 also has, typically, a set of rotors 21 which
transport volumes of the incoming air from the inlet 19 of the supercharger 15 to
an outlet 23, whenever the supercharger is receiving mechanical drive to its
input, represented somewhat schematically as an input shaft 25. The
mechanical input to the supercharger is provided only when a clutch,
represented schematically by a belt 27 driving a pulley (typically, a "micro v-
belt"), is engaged, i.e., the condition shown in FIG. 1. It should be understood
by those skilled in the art that the clutch 27 may, within the scope of the present
invention, comprise any type of clutch (e.g., engageable friction discs,
electromagnetic, etc.) which is effective in transmitting mechanical drive from

the vehicle engine (typically, but not necessarily, from the crankshaft) to the
input shaft 25 of the supercharger 15. Also, as is also now well known to those
skilled in the art, there may be some sort of "step-up gear" speed increasing
arrangement between the clutch and the input shaft 25, with a typical ratio for
such a speed increasing arrangement being in the range of about 2:1 to about
4:1.
[0020] Referring still to FIG. 1, the outlet 23 of the supercharger 15 is in
communication, by means of an air duct 29, with a pumping portion
(compressor) 31 of a turbocharger, generally designated 33. The turbocharger
33 also includes, as is well known in the art, a turbine portion 35, which is
mechanically coupled to, and operable to drive, the compressor 31. The
turbine portion 35 is disposed in series in an exhaust gas duct 37, which
receives exhaust gas from the engine E in response to operation of an exhaust
engine poppet valve 39. The compressor 31 has its outlet in communication
with an air duct 41, which then conducts the charge air through an intercooler
43, the function of which is well known, and outside the scope of the invention,
and therefore, will not be described further herein. Downstream of the
intercooler 43 is an air duct 45, which carries the charge air into the combustion
chamber of the engine E, in response to operation of an intake engine poppet
valve 47. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the arrangement
shown in FIG. 1 and may apply, for example, to a "turbosuper" boosting system
arrangement in which air flows through the turbocharger 33 prior to entering the
supercharger 15.
[0021] Disposed within the air duct 45 is an engine throttle 49, illustrated
herein in FIG. 1 in its fully open condition, it being understood that, as is well
known in the engine art, the engine throttle 49 may be controlled to be in any
position between the fully open position shown in FIG. 1, and a fully closed
position, blocking substantially all air flow through the air duct 45. The various
types of engine throttles, and the construction details thereof, and methods of
control thereof, are generally well known in the engine art, are outside the scope

of the present invention, and will not be described further herein, except to the
limited extent necessary to support the description of the present invention.
[0022] Disposed between the air duct 17 and the outlet 23 of the
supercharger 15 (actually, shown as communicating with the air duct 29) is a
bypass passage 51. Disposed within the bypass passage 51 is a bypass valve
53. The general construction and function of such a bypass passage 51 and
bypass valve 53 are well known from superchargers, which are commercially
available from the assignee of the present invention. As is well known in the
supercharger art, the bypass valve 53 is normally closed when the supercharger
15 is operating to transfer volumes of air from the inlet 19 to the outlet 23.
However, when reduced levels of boost are sufficient, the bypass valve 53 can
be moved somewhat from its closed position (as shown in FIG. 1, in which no
air can flow from the outlet back into the inlet), toward an open position in which
an increasing amount of air is communicated from the outlet 23 back into the
supercharger inlet 19.
[0023] One result of moving the bypass valve 53 toward a more open
position is that the boost pressure of the air in the air duct 29 is somewhat
reduced from the normal boost pressure present when the bypass valve 53 is
fully closed. However, one difference in the bypass valve required for use in a
superturbo boost system is that the overall air flow capacity (flow area) of the
bypass valve 53 shown herein must be larger than the bypass valve which
would be used in a typical, basic supercharger system. As the vehicle engine
reaches relatively higher engine speeds, the clutch 27 will be disengaged, so
that the supercharger 15 is not being driven, but at the same time, the
turbocharger 33 is being driven by the flow of exhaust gas in the duct 37.
During this mode of operation, the bypass valve 53 is in the fully opened
position, and must be large enough not to present any undesirable flow
restriction to the air, which flows from the intake 11, through the air duct 29, and
through the compressor 31.
[0024] The exhaust gas duct 37 communicates with an inlet side of the

turbine portion 35 of the turbocharger 33, and the turbine portion 35 also has an
outlet, and from that outlet, exhaust gas is communicated by means of a duct
55 to an exhaust (see arrow). Communicating between the exhaust gas duct 37
and the duct 55 is another bypass duct 57, in which is disposed a bypass valve,
which, typically, in the case of a turbocharger, is referred to as a "waste-gate"
59. The wastegate 59 may be made, and function, in accordance with the
teachings of the prior art in regard to such wastegates.
10025] Referring now first to FIGS. 1 and 2, operation of the control method
of the present invention will be described. Upon startup of the vehicle engine E
the bypass valve 53 is in its fully open position (shown closed in FIG. 1),
whereas the wastegate 59 is fully closed. FIG. 3 illustrates a logic block
diagram, setting forth the improved method of controlling the superturbo
boosting system shown in FIG. 1. Upon initialization ("START") of the control
logic, the clutch 27 would be in the disengaged condition of FIG. 2, not providing
input drive torque to the input shaft 25.
[0026] Referring still primarily to FIG. 3, the control logic first goes to a
decision block 61, which determines whether the vehicle engine speed is equal
to or greater than a predetermined speed, such as 3500 rpm. If the answer to
the decision block 61 is "YES", the logic proceeds to an operation block 63 in
which the system commands the bypass valve 53 to its fully open position and
disengages the clutch 27 if engaged. On the other hand, if the answer to the
decision block 61 is "NO", the logic then proceeds to a decision block 65. In the
decision block 65, the control logic determines whether or not the clutch 27 is
engaged. If the answer to the decision block 65 is "YES", the system proceeds
to an operation block 67 in which the system modulates the bypass valve 53
(moves it between the "open" and "closed" positions) in order to achieve the
"target" boost, i.e., the amount of boost that is appropriate for the then-current
engine operating conditions. The control logic then proceeds to decision block
69 where it is determined whether the bypass valve 53 closure is less than a
predetermined, minimum allowable closure (e.g., approximately 15% closure).

If the answer to decision block 69 is "YES" (i.e., the bypass valve 53 is
excessively opened and the supercharger is providing little or no boost), then
the control logic proceeds to operation block 71 where the bypass valve 53 is
fully opened and the clutch 27 is disengaged. If the answer to the decision
block 69 is "NO", the system then proceeds again to "START", thus starting at
the beginning of the control logic.
[0027] If the answer to the decision block 65 is "NO", the system then
proceeds to a decision block 73 in which the control logic determines whether or
not clutch engagement is possible. If the answer to the decision block 73 is
"NO", the system proceeds to an operation block 75 in which the bypass valve
53 is fully opened.
[0028] On the other hand, if the answer to the decision block 73 is "YES", the
system proceeds to an operation block 77 in which the bypass valve 53 is
commanded to its fully closed position. Once the bypass valve 53 is fully
closed, all charge air entering the intake 11 and flowing through the air filter 13
and the air duct 17 is forced to flow through the inlet 19 of the supercharger 15.
The above-described airflow passes from the inlet 19 through the rotors 21 to
the outlet 23, thus causing the rotors 21 to rotate which, in turn, rotates the input
shaft 25. Now, instead of the speed difference between the clutch input 27 and
the input shaft 25 being whatever the speed of the clutch input is (because the
speed of the input shaft is zero), having the inlet air flow drive the rotors 21, to
drive the input shaft 25, will greatly reduce the speed differential (e.g., by 30-
50% typically). Notably, the energy to rotate the rotors 21 is obtained from what
were previously throttling losses, which provides an overall improvement in
system efficiency.
[0029] After the operation block 77, the control logic then proceeds to a
decision block 79, which determines whether or not, under the then-current
engine conditions, clutch engagement is required. If the answer to the decision
block 79 is "NO", the system then proceeds again to "START", thus starting at
the beginning of the control logic. If the answer to the decision block 79 is

"YES", the system proceeds to an operation block 81 in which a command is
sent to the controller for the clutch 27, commanding that it transition from the
disengaged condition shown in FIG. 2 to the engaged condition shown in
FIG. 1. With the input shaft 25 being driven at a speed which is less than that
of the clutch input 27, but may be fairly close, the engagement of the clutch 27
is greatly facilitated, and occurs in a manner which should be nearly transparent
to the vehicle driver. In other words, the method of the invention minimizes the
undesirable effects of sudden clutch engagement, thereby improving overall
clutch durability, and reducing NVH problems.
[0030] After the operation block 81, the control logic proceeds to an
operation block 83 in which the system commands the operation of a bypass
event, to be described subsequently. Referring now to FIG. 4, the reference
numerals appearing on the graph correspond to the blocks shown in the logic
block diagram of FIG. 3. Therefore, near the beginning of the time period
represented in the graph, it is shown that the bypass valve 53 is nearly or fully
closed (nearly or fully 0% Open) as a result of operation block 77 in which a
command is sent to fully close the bypass valve 53, thus starting to spin the
rotors 21. At a time "A", the command is sent to engage the clutch (operation
block 81). Thereafter, as the rotors 21 spin even faster, a command is
transmitted to the bypass valve 53 (operation block 83) to begin gradually
opening (partially) the bypass valve 53, to minimize the boost load during clutch
engagement. At a time "B", a condition of zero clutch slip occurs in which the
clutch 27 has fully transitioned from being disengaged to being engaged. For a
relatively quick responding system, the bypass valve 53 may be partially opened
prior to zero slip (time "B"), as shown in FIG. 4, and for a relatively slow
responding system, opening of bypass valve 53 may not begin until after zero
slip. The most aggressive response (and the most efficient use of the
supercharger 15) will occur when the bypass valve 53 is kept as closed as
possible without overboosting.
[0031] To maintain a more constant manifold pressure, the bypass valve 53

may be opened further as the turbocharger 33 transitions toward a steady state
operating condition as shown in FIG. 4. The rate at which the bypass valve 53
opens will depend on, among other things, the size of the supercharger 15 and
the turbocharger 33, and the volume of intake ducting. Additionally, for many
conditions, the supercharger 15 will not be needed after the system nears
steady state conditions and would disengage (reaching the predetermined
minimum allowable bypass closure denoted in decision block 69 in FIG. 3).
[0032] The invention has been described in great detail in the foregoing
specification, and it is believed that various alterations and modifications of the
invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading and
understanding of the specification. It is intended that all such alterations and
modifications are included in the invention, insofar as they come within the
scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
1. A method of controlling an internal combustion engine boosting system of
the type comprising an exhaust-driven turbocharger (33) and a
mechanically-driven supercharger (15) in series with said turbocharger;
said supercharger (15) having rotors (21) and a clutch (27) operable in a
first condition (FIG. 1) to transmit torque from a source (E) of mechanical
drive to an input (25) of said supercharger (15) in response to a positive
input (81), and operable in a second condition (FIG. 2) to interrupt the
transmission of torque from said source (E) to said input (25) of said
supercharger (15); said supercharger having an inlet (19), an outlet (23)
and a bypass passage (51) providing fluid communication between said
inlet (19) and said outlet (23), and a bypass valve (53) disposed within
said bypass passage (51) and operable between an open position (FIG.
2) permitting flow through said bypass passage (51), and a closed
position (FIG. 1) blocking flow through said bypass passage (51), said
method being characterized by:
(a) determining possible operation of said clutch in said first condition
(FIG. 1);and
(b) commanding said bypass valve (53) toward said closed position
(FIG. 1), forcing air through said supercharger (15) from said inlet
(19) through said outlet (23); said airflow causing said
supercharger rotors (21) to rotate, thus rotating said input (25) of
said supercharger prior to said clutch (27) operating in said first
condition (FIG. 1).
2. The method of claim 1, characterized by said determining step including
sensing said input (FIG. 3) for the presence of a positive input signal to
said clutch (27) indicating possible operation of said clutch in said first
condition.

3. The method of claim 1, characterized by determining if engagement of
the clutch (27) is required subsequent to said commanding step and
engaging said clutch (27) if so required.
4. The method of claim 3, characterized by opening said bypass valve (53)
to minimize system boost load before, during or after clutch engagement.
5. The method of claim 4, characterized by gradually opening said bypass
valve (53) prior to full clutch engagement.
6. The method of claim 4, characterized by opening said bypass valve (53)
after full clutch engagement.
7. The method of claim 4, characterized by keeping said bypass valve (53)
as closed as possible without overboosting said system.
8. The method of claim 4, characterized by further opening said bypass
valve (53) after said clutch (27) is fully engaged and said turbocharger
(33) is transitioning toward a steady state operating condition.

A method of controlling an internal combustion engine boosting system of the type including an exhaust-driven turbocharger (33) and a mechanically- driven supercharger (15) . The supercharger (15) includes rotors (21) and a clutch (27) operable in a first condition (FIG. 1) to transmit torque from a mechanical drive source (E) to a supercharger input (25) in response to a positive input (75), and operable in a second condition (FIG. 2) to interrupt the transmission of torque from the source (E) to the input (25). The method is characterized by determining possible operation of the clutch (27) in a first condition (FIG. 1); and commanding a bypass valve (53) toward a closed
position (FIG. 1), forcing air through the supercharger (15).The airflow causes the supercharger rotors (21) to rotate, thus rotating the input (25) of the supercharger prior to the clutch (27) operating in the first condition.