DESC:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to disposable absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins and diapers, capable of absorbing discharged bodily fluids. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to absorbent articles with top- and back-sheet materials that make them completely biodegradable and compostable. The disclosure further provides an absorbent core comprising a pulp material made up of varying combinations of agriculture-waste, plant materials, and cotton knit wear waste.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Use of absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins and diapers to absorb discharged bodily fluids like menses and urine etc. is well known in the art. The basic design of a sanitary napkin comprises a liquid permeable top-sheet, an absorbent core, and an impervious back sheet. With the passage of time, there have been numerous innovations around this basic design to create better and effective products that are efficient in absorption and retention as well as provide enhanced comfort to the user.
[0004] The nature of material conventionally used to make the top-sheet is a nonwoven polyethylene or polypropylene sheet. The back-sheet materials typically are made of flexible polyethylene films. The top- and back-sheets made thus make the sanitary napkins non-biodegradable. The absorbent core material generally comprises wood pulp or wood pulp in combination with water absorbing polymers. The most commonly used wood pulp and water absorbing polymer are pinewood pulp and SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer), respectively.
[0005] Disposability of used sanitary napkins is a major environment hazard. With the popular brands currently in use relying on non-biodegradable polyethylene or polypropylene based top- and back-sheets, the likelihood of used and soiled sanitary napkins remaining in the environment is quite large and its negative impact on the eco-system can well be gauged. There have been attempts in the art to solve this menace by introducing a bio-degradabale character to the sheet part of the sanitary napkins.
[0006] US 5417679 disclose disposable absorbent articles with biodegradable back sheets. The ‘679 patent contemplates the use a liquid impervious back sheet comprising a blend of, (i) an interpenetrated network of destructurized starch and an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and (ii) an aliphatic polyester selected from the group consisting of polycaprolactone and the oxidation product of an ethylene carbon monoxide copolymer and a peroxy acid oxidizing agent, in varying ratio to create a biodegradable back sheet. The ‘679 patent, however, remains silent on the top-sheet which is non-biodegradable in character.
[0007] Similar biodegradable, liquid impervious multilayer film compositions are disclosed in US 5391423 wherein the films comprise composite structures derived from multilayer combinations of biodegradable polymers. Such polymers are selected from the categories of moisture sensitive polymers, thermally sensitive polymers, mechanically limited polymers, polymers not easily processed into films, hydrolytically cleavable polymers, and degradable elastomers. The multilayer film compositions of the ‘423 patent are suitable for use as back sheets in disposable absorbent products including diapers, adult incontinent pads, sanitary napkins, and the like.
[0008] An outer sheet biodegradable diaper is disclosed in US 5185009 which uses a biodegradable outer and inner sheet glued together with a biodegradable adhesive.
[0009] US 5573523 disclose a totally biodegradable sanitary pad comprising: (a) a first panel of biodegradable material, fabricated from tissue paper; and (b) a second panel of biodegradable material, fabricated from tissue paper; and (c) a fluid-absorbent biodegradable filler fabricated from shredded tissue paper.
[0010] There is also a growing concern around the absorbent core being used in the sanitary napkins. The pinewood pulp and SAP combination being used by most of the brands today contribute towards the rising cost of the napkins making them increasingly unaffordable for certain sections of the society.
[0011] There has been attempts in the art to use products like agricultural waste (bagasse, banana stem) & plants (Like water hyacinth, bamboo etc.) as an absorbent core but such usage has not met with much success in terms of absorbance and retention of the bodily fluids as well as in terms of comfort of use. On the parameters of absorption and retention, comfort to the user, and processing time and cost, each such product score high on one or two parameters whereas performs not so good on the others.
[0012] The art further lacks any absorbent product that utilizes the complementary nature of various naturally available biodegradable substances that can be used in varying mixing ratios to yield an absorbent core that is low-cost, highly effective in absorption and retention features and is biodegradable.
[0013] A rather much serious concern lies around the poor penetration of such products beyond the metropolitan cities, particularly in the developing countries. A recent study by AC Nielsen had found that 70% of women in India cannot afford female hygiene products like sanitary napkins. Of the 355 million menstruating women, only a meager 12% use sanitary napkins. As a consequence, over 88% of women have to resort to unhygienic alternatives like unsanitized cloth, ashes and husk sand, which becomes major reason for them to develop Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI). It is found that RTI is 70% more common among women who use these unhygienic alternatives during menstruation.
[0014] Further, such inadequate menstrual protection affects the adolescent girls - in the 12-18 age group - most severely. Around 23% of these girls drop out of school once they start menstruating due to non affordability of hygiene products.
[0015] There is, therefore, a need in the art to devise a disposable absorbent article, particularly sanitary napkins and diapers, which are entirely biodegradable so that the used and soiled articles put a minimum damage and risk to the environment. It is also desired that an alternate to the existent absorbent core composition be made that utilizes the complementing absorption/retention features of various naturally occurring biodegradable substances and using their varying mixing ratios. Further, there is a need to devise a standard sequential processing method to process the various raw substances to yield the final form of the absorbent core. Lastly, it is highly desirable that the absorbent article so made is achieved at a lower cost of manufacture than the existing branded products without compromising on the quality and maintaining the BIS standards.
[0016] The present disclosure satisfies the existing needs, as well as others, and generally overcomes the deficiencies found in the prior art.
[0017] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[0018] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0019] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0020] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed.
[0021] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0022] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a new and improved absorbent article that overcomes one or more disadvantages associated with the previously known absorbent products.
[0023] It is a further object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article such as a sanitary napkin or pad that is entirely biodegradable and compostable.
[0024] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article, the top and bottom layers/sheets of which are entirely biodegradable and compostable.
[0025] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article that has a novel and improved absorbent core.
[0026] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article that relies on the complementing absorption/retention features of various biodegradable substances to make a novel absorbent core composition.
[0027] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article with an absorbent core made up of pulp material, comprising varying combinations of various naturally occurring biodegradable products.
[0028] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an effective pulp processing scheme that forms the desired absorbent core in the most cost effective manner.
[0029] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article that meets the BIS standards as laid down by the Government of India.
[0030] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide an absorbent article that has low cost of manufacture than existing branded products.
[0031] It is still another object of the present disclosure to make absorbent articles like sanitary napkins and diapers widely affordable to a large, unreached section of the society.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0032] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to disposable absorbent articles that are completely biodegradable and compostable. The disclosed absorbent articles can include a top- and back-sheet made up of biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester (e.g. polylactic acid) and an absorbent core that can be made of a pulp material derived from varying combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable products, including, but not limited to agriculture-waste, plant materials, and cotton knitwear waste.
[0033] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an absorbent article which can include: a liquid permeable top sheet; an impervious back sheet; and an absorbent core disposed between the top sheet and the back sheet.
[0034] In an embodiment, each of the top sheet and the back sheet of the absorbent article can be formed from a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester.
[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the top sheet and the back sheet of the absorbent article can be formed of biodegradable and compostable polylactic acid.
[0036] In an embodiment, the top sheet of the absorbent article can be provided in a form of spun bonded compostable nonwoven layer.
[0037] In another embodiment, the absorbent core of the absorbent article can be formed from a naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable material that can preferably be selected from the group consisting of water hyacinth, banana fiber, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, bamboo, jute, pine wood pulp and combinations thereof.
[0038] In an embodiment, the absorbent core of the disclosed absorbent article can be formed from varying combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable materials. In a more preferred embodiment, the absorbent core can be formed from at least one of:
a combination of water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of water hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of bagasse and banana fiber;
a combination of bagasse and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bagasse, water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of cotton knitwear waste, hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bamboo and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of banana stem and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of jute and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste and pine wood pulp; and
a combination of pine wood pulp and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, jute and bamboo pulp.
[0039] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the disclosed combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable materials can afford a most effective fluid absorption and retention property to the disposable absorbent article.
[0040] In an embodiment, the absorbent article disclosed herein can be a sanitary napkin, a diaper, a panty liner, an incontinent brief, a diaper liner or a hygiene garment.
[0041] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0042] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0043] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
[0044] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0045] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0046] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.
[0047] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0048] The headings and abstract of the invention provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
[0049] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0050] Various terms are used herein. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0051] The present disclosure relates to disposable absorbent articles that are completely biodegradable and compostable. The disclosed absorbent articles can include a top- and back-sheet made up of biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester and an absorbent core that can be made of a pulp material derived from varying combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable products, including, but not limited to agriculture-waste, plant materials, and cotton knitwear waste.
[0052] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an absorbent article which can include: a liquid permeable top sheet; an impervious back sheet; and an absorbent core disposed between the top sheet and the back sheet.
[0053] As used herein, the term "absorbent article" refers to personal care absorbent articles such as, but not limited to, feminine hygiene products, diapers, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, hygiene garment and the like.
[0054] As used herein, the term "compostable" or "bioplastic" refers to the ability of a material to ultimately be degraded completely into carbon dioxide and water or biomass by microorganisms and/or natural environmental factors.
[0055] In an embodiment, each of the top sheet and the back sheet of the absorbent article can be formed from a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester.
[0056] In a most preferred embodiment, the liquid permeable top sheet can be formed from biodegradable and compostable polylactic acid.
[0057] In another embodiment, the impervious back sheet can be formed from a commercially available bioplastic. In an exemplary embodiment, the impervious back sheet can be formed from ploylactic acid based bioplastic. The impervious back sheet can be ‘breathable’ in nature so as to allow a passage of air to prevent the absorbent article to remain wetted during usage.
[0058] In an embodiment, the top sheet of the absorbent article can be provided in a form of spun bonded compostable nonwoven layer.
[0059] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorbent core of the disposable absorbent article can be a biodegradable and compostable pulp material made up of varying combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable products. In a preferred embodiment, the naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable products can include, but are not limited to, agriculture-waste, plant materials, jute and cotton knitwear waste. Representative examples of agriculture wastes that can be used to produce the biodegradable and compostable pulp can include bagasse (sugarcane waste), jute, and banana stem. Representative examples of plant materials that can be used to produce the biodegradable and compostable pulp can include water hyacinth, pine wood pulp and bamboo.
[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the absorbent core of the absorbent article can be formed from a naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable material that can preferably be selected from the group consisting of water hyacinth, banana fiber, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, bamboo, jute, pine wood pulp and combinations thereof.
[0061] In an embodiment, the absorbent core of the disclosed absorbent article can be formed from varying combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable materials. In a more preferred embodiment, the absorbent core can be formed from at least one of:
a combination of water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of water hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of bagasse and banana fiber;
a combination of bagasse and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bagasse, water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of cotton knitwear waste, hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bamboo and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of banana stem and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of jute and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste and pine wood pulp; and
a combination of pine wood pulp and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, jute and bamboo pulp.
[0062] The combination ratio of the naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable products in the absorbent core can be derived to leverage their complementing absorption/retention properties. As is widely understood in the art, the utility and effectiveness of a disposable absorbent article like a sanitary pad or a diaper lies in its twin capacity of absorbing and retaining a bodily fluid. The absorbent core formed from the unique combinations of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable materials can afford a most effective fluid absorption and retention property to the disposable absorbent article. For example, bagasse can exhibit more fluid retention feature, whereas water hyacinth can exhibit more fluid absorbing feature. Thus, the combination of bagasse and water hyacinth can afford a most effective fluid absorption and retention property to the disposable absorbent article. Thus, the present disclosure offers unique combinations of such biodegradable and compostable products that utilize the complementary absorption/retention properties of such products to yield a highly effective pulp material that can be used as an absorbent core.
[0063] In an embodiment, sticker and gum material that can be used to create a sticking surface on the absorbent core are as is common in the art. Representative examples of the sticker material are butter paper, sticker paper and the like. Representative examples of said gum material are the commercially available biodegradable gum.
[0064] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a disposable absorbent article that can include an absorbent core, wherein the absorbent core can be formed from at least one of:
a combination of water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of water hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of bagasse and banana fiber;
a combination of bagasse and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bagasse, water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of cotton knitwear waste, hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bamboo and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of banana stem and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of jute and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste and pine wood pulp; and
a combination of pine wood pulp and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, jute and bamboo pulp.
[0065] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the liquid permeable top sheet, the impervious back sheet and the absorbent core of the absorbent article can be completely biodegradable and compostable in nature, thus creating no disposal problems. Further, the use of naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable products can lower the cost of the absorbent article and thereby benefit the consumer and encourage further purchases of the product.
[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the absorbent article disclosed herein can be a sanitary napkin, a diaper, a panty liner, an incontinent brief, a diaper liner or a hygiene garment. In a most preferred embodiment, the absorbent article disclosed herein can be a sanitary napkin.
[0067] While the foregoing description discloses various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope of the disclosure. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0068] The present disclosure provides a biodegradable and compostable absorbent article capable of absorbing and retaining menstrual fluids and/or other body exudates.
[0069] The present disclosure provides an absorbent article that is environmentally friendly and satisfies consumer expectations in terms of absorbency, comfort and cost.
[0070] The present disclosure provides disposable absorbent articles such as sanitary napkin, pad, diaper, etc. that are completely biodegradable and compostable.
[0071] The present disclosure provides an absorbent article, wherein the top and bottom layers/sheets of which are entirely biodegradable and compostable.
[0072] The present disclosure provides an absorbent article with an absorbent core made up of pulp material comprising varying combinations of various naturally occurring biodegradable products.
[0073] The present disclosure provides an effective pulp processing scheme that forms the desired absorbent core in the most cost effective manner.
[0074] The present disclosure provides absorbent articles such as sanitary napkin, pad, diaper, etc. that meet the BIS standards as laid down by the Government of India.
[0075] The present disclosure provides an absorbent article that has low cost of manufacture than existing branded products.
[0076] The present disclosure provides absorbent articles such as sanitary napkin, pad, diaper, etc. that are widely affordable to a large, unreached section of the society.
,CLAIMS:1. An absorbent article, comprising:
a liquid permeable top sheet;
an impervious back sheet; and
an absorbent core disposed between the top sheet and the back sheet.

2. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein each of the top sheet and the back sheet is formed from a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester.

3. The absorbent article according to claim 2, wherein the biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester comprises polylactic acid.

4. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the top sheet is in a form of spun bonded compostable nonwoven layer.

5. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent core is formed from a naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable material.

6. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent core comprising a naturally occurring biodegradable and compostable material selected from the group consisting of water hyacinth, banana fiber, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, bamboo, jute, pine wood pulp and combinations thereof.

7. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent core comprising at least one of:
a combination of water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of water hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of bagasse and banana fiber;
a combination of bagasse and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bagasse, water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of cotton knitwear waste, hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bamboo and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of banana stem and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of jute and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste and pine wood pulp; and
a combination of pine wood pulp and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, jute and bamboo pulp.

8. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent article is selected from the group consisting of a sanitary napkin, a diaper, a panty liner, an incontinent brief, a diaper liner and a hygiene garment.

9. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the absorbent article is a sanitary napkin.

10. A disposable absorbent article comprising an absorbent core, wherein the absorbent core comprising at least one of:
a combination of water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of water hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of bagasse and banana fiber;
a combination of bagasse and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bagasse, water hyacinth and banana fiber;
a combination of cotton knitwear waste, hyacinth and bagasse;
a combination of water hyacinth and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of bamboo and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of banana stem and cotton knitwear waste;
a combination of jute and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste and pine wood pulp; and
a combination of pine wood pulp and at least one of banana stem, water hyacinth, bagasse, cotton knitwear waste, jute and bamboo pulp.